Jews and Christians in Their Graeco-Roman Context. Selected

Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey

Mitherausgeber/Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie • Judith Gundry-Volf Martin Hengel • Otfried Hofius • Hans-Josef Klauck

196

ARTIBUS INÜÄEN

Pieter W. van der Horst

Jews and Christians in Their Graeco-Roman Context

Selected Essays on Early Judaism, Samaritanism, Hellenism, and Christianity

Mohr Siebeck Pieter W. van der Horst, born 1946, studied Classical Philology and received a PhD in Theology (1978); from 1969-2006 he was firstly research assistent, then junior and later senior lecturer, and finally full professor in New Testament, Early Christian Literature, and the Jewish and Hellenistic world of Early Christianity at the Faculty of Theology of Utrecht University.

ISBN 3-16-148851-2 ISBN-13 978-3-16-148851-1 ISSN 0512-1604 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament) Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. © 2006 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer in Tübingen, printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Großbuchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. Preface

The author wishes to express his sincere thanks to the following persons: To Professors Martin Hengel and Jorg Frey for their willingness to accept this col- lection of essays for publication in their series WUNT; to Dr. Henning Ziebritzki of Mohr Siebeck's publishing house for his care in seeing the book through the press; to Dr. Gerard Mussies and Professor Martien Parmentier for their permission to have the two articles of which they were co-authors reprinted; and especially to my friend Dr. James N. Pankhurst for his unfailing readiness during so many years to emend the English of almost all my essays. The author also thanks the following publishing houses for their permission to reprint the essays in this volume: Bar Ilan University Press, Brill Academic Publishers, Cambridge University Press, T. & T. Clark International (Contin- uum), Librairie Droz, Mohr Siebeck, Neukirchener Verlagshaus, Edizioni dell' Orso, Oxford University Press, Peeters Publishers, Kluwer Academic Publishers (Springer Verlag), Scholars Press, and Sheffield Academic Press.

Utrecht, Sept. 2005 PWvdH

Table of Contents

Preface V Abbreviations IX

Introduction 1 The Jews of Ancient Crete 12 The Jews of Ancient Cyprus 28 The Jews of Ancient Sicily 37 The Synagogue of Sardis and its Inscriptions 43 Jews and Blues in Late Antiquity 53 A Note on the Evil Inclination and Sexual Desire in Talmudic Literature 59 "His Days Shall Be One Hundred and Twenty Years". Genesis 6:3 in Early Judaism and Ancient Christianity 66 Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis. A Review Article 71 Huldah's Tomb in Early Jewish Tradition 87 Pseudo-Phocylides on the Afterlife. A Rejoinder to John Collins 93 Philo's In Flaccum and the Book of Acts 98 Common Prayer in Philo's In Flaccum 121-124 108 Philo and the Rabbis on Genesis. Similar Questions, Different Answers . . 114 Philo of Alexandria on the Wrath of God 128 Anti-Samaritan Propaganda in Early Judaism 134 Jacques Basnage (1653-1723) on the Samaritans. Or: How much did one know about the Samaritans three centuries ago in the Netherlands? .. 151 Once More: The Translation of oi be in Matthew 28:17 161 Abraham's Bosom, the Place Where He Belonged. A Short Note on amvexOfjvai in Luke 16:22 164 VIII Table of Contents

"Snorting Threat and Murder". The Hellenistic Background of Acts 9:1 167 "Only then will all Israel be saved". A Short Note on the Meaning of xal oikcog in Romans 11:26 176 Macarius Magnes and the Unnamed Anti-Christian Polemicist. A review article 181 A New Early Christian Poem on the Sacrifice of Isaac (Pap. Bodmer 30) 190 The Role of Scripture in Cyril of Scythopolis' Lives of the Monks of Palestine 206 Twenty-Five Questions to Corner the Jews. A Byzantine Anti-Jewish Document from the Seventh Century 216 "The Most Superstitious and Disgusting of All Nations". Diogenes of Oenoanda on the Jews 227 The Shadow in Hellenistic Popular Belief 234 The First Atheist 242 Subtractive Versus Additive Composite Numerals in Ancient Languages 250 The Great Magical Papyrus of Paris (PGM IV) and the Bible 269 "The God Who Drowned the King of Egypt". A Short Note on an Exorcistic Formula 280

Original places of publication 285 Bibliography of Pieter W. van der Horst, 1970-2005 287

Index of passages 321 Index of modern authors 340 Index of names and subjects 348 Abbreviations

ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt ARW Archiv für Religionswissenschaft BAGD Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich-Danker, Greek-English Lexicon of the NT, 2nd ed. BDAG Bauer-Danker-Arndt-Gingrich, Greek-English Lexicon of the NT, 3rd ed. BZ Biblische Zeitschrift CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CCSG Corpus Chistianorum Series Graeca CIJ Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum (ed. Frey) CPJ Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum (edd. Tcherikover & Fuks) CSCO Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium DDD Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible GLAJJ Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism (ed. Stern) GMA Greek Magical Amulets (ed. Kotansky) HTR Harvard Theological Review HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual ICS Illinois Classical Studies IG Inscriptiones Graecae IJO Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis (edd. Noy et al.) JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JECS Journal of Early Christian Studies JIGRE Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt (edd. Horbury & Noy) JIWE Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe (ed. Noy) JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSJ Journal for the Study of Judaism JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JTS Journal of Theological Studies LCL Loeb Classical Library LSJ Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek English Lexicon Mnem. Mnemosyne X Abbreviations

NP Neue Pauly NT Novum Testamentum NTS New Testament Studies OLD Oxford Latin Dictionary (ed. Glare) OLZ Orientalistische Literaturzeitung PG Patrologia Graeca PGM Papyri Graecae Magicae (ed. Preisendanz) PL Patrologia Latina PW Pauly-Wissowa RAC Reallexikon fur Antike und Christentum RB Revue biblique REJ Revue des études juives SC Sources chrétiennes TLZ Theologische Literaturzeitung TRE Theologische Realenzyklopädie TSAJ Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism TUGAL Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur VC Vigiliae Christianae ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik Introduction

This volume is the ninth, and probably the last, in a series of volumes with essays that I have written over the years.1 It is published on the occasion of my 60th birthday in mid 2006, which happens to coincide with my retirement as a professor at Utrecht University. That retirement is early, and sudden, and not wholly voluntary; it is due partly to drastic financial measures taken by the Faculty of Theology and partly to the drastic deterioration of my eyesight. Even so, it seemed to be a good opportunity to collect several of my most recent contributions (and some of the earlier ones, on which see more below). As the subtitle indicates, the essays cover a rather wide range of subjects, and the reader is entitled to know what the underlying unity of all this is, if indeed there is any such unity. One will find studies on subjects as far apart as the origins of Greek atheism in 5th century BCE Athens and aspects of rabbinic anthropology in Talmudic sources of almost a millennium later. One will find a study of the curious phenomenon of subtractive numerals in various ancient languages but also a contribution on a newly discovered early Christian poem on the sacrifice of Isaac. One will find a study of the meaning of the Greek words hoi de in Matthew 28:17 but also one on the famous Huguenot Jacques Basnage's view of the Samaritans. And so one could go on, but what is the focus in this variety? The focus is the cultural milieu of early Christianity in the widest sense of the word. As a student of classical Greek and Roman antiquity in the sixties of the previous century, I developed a strong interest in the religious mentality of

1 The eight volumes that were published previously are partly in Dutch, partly in English. They are (in chronological order): De onbekende God. Essays over de joodse en hellenistische achtergrond van het vroege Christendom (Utrechtse Theologische Reeks 2), Utrecht 1988; Es- says on the Jewish World of Early Christianity (Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus 14), Fribourg-Göttingen 1990; (with Gerard Mussies) Studies on the Hellenistic Background of the New Testament (Utrechtse Theologische Reeks 10), Utrecht 1990; Studies over het jodendom in de oudheid, Kampen 1992; Hellenism - Judaism - Christianity. Essays on Their Interaction (Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology 8), Kampen 1994 (a second, much enlarged edition appeared in Leuven in 1998); Mozes, Plato, Jezus. Studies over de wereld van het vroege Christendom, Amsterdam 2000; Japheth in the Tents of Shem. Studies on Jewish Hellenism in Antiquity (Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology 32), Leuven 2002; Joden in de Grieks-Romeinse wereld, Zoetermeer 2003. These volumes contain some 130 essays (160 if those in the present volume are included), which is about half of the articles I have written; those not reprinted are mostly encyclopedia articles and contributions for a wider audience. 2 Introduction ancient men and women, including the early Christians. Soon I found out that it is not possible to understand early Christianity if one does not know its Jewish heritage, so I also began to study biblical and rabbinic Hebrew, and later on Palestinian and Babylonian Aramaic as well, in order to enable myself to read the Hebrew Bible and also the Jewish interpretations of this Bible as an essential part of that heritage. And this turned out to be a crucial step for the future direc- tion of my academic career. It was in the summer of 1968 that I happened to read an article by Willem C. van Unnik, the New Testament professor at Utrecht University (whom I did not yet know at that time), which further opened my eyes to the importance of know- ing both the ancient Graeco-Roman and the Jewish literature from the centuries around the turn of the era in order to elucidate difficult passages in the New Testament.2 After that summer I started to follow a course in Syriac and much to my pleasure the teacher turned out to be the very same Willem C. van Unnik. Since I was the only student in that course, we developed a close relationship and by the end of that academic year he offered me a job as a research assistant in his department. It was van Unnik who emphasized time and again that, however important a thorough knowledge of Graeco-Roman culture is for the under- standing of the developments in early Christianity, knowledge of Jewish culture is even more important in order to understand this new religion in its initial phases. His classic dictum was that after his birth, Jesus was not carried around the hearth (as was the Roman custom) but circumcised, and that anyone who forgot that fact would never understand the New Testament. His own work was, and still is, an impressive example of how one can bring to bear a wide-ranging knowledge of the literature and religions of antiquity in its broadest sense on the study of early Christianity. I say 'wide-ranging' knowledge because van Unnik also emphasized that it is myopic to confine oneself to study of first-century sources; one should cast one's nets as widely as possible: Plato's Timaeus is as important as the rabbinic midrash, and the Dead Sea Scrolls are as important as the patristic interpretations of the Bible. He himself roamed widely in the ancient world, and even went as far as publishing studies on medieval Syrian church history.3 His view was that a broad knowledge of the cultural surroundings of early Christianity would always have, if not a direct, at least an indirect impact on the way one views the manifestations of this religion in its early phases. Van Unnik was my great paragon and he had a formative influence on my subsequent

2 The article was '"Den Geist löschet nicht aus" (1 Thessalonicher V 19),' Novum Testa- mentum 10 (1968) 255-269. 3 For bibliographical details see my 'Einleitung des Herausgebers' in Willem Cornelis van Unnik, Das Selbstverständnis der jüdischen Diaspora in der hellenistisch-römischen Zeit, aus dem Nachlaß herausgegeben und bearbeitet von Pieter Willem van der Horst, Leiden 1993, 13-50. Introduction 3 scholarly career. No wonder that under his guidance I wrote a dissertation on a Jewish author who was very much at home in the Greek world.4 Another major impetus came in the same period, when Martin Hengel published his magisterial Judentum und Hellenismus in 1969.5 This work had a deep and lasting influence on many who worked in the fields of early Jewish and Christian studies and was, of course, 'gefundenes Fressen' for a young classical philologist who was also engaged in Jewish studies. It inspired me not only to pursue further the line of research that van Unnik had already put me on but also to pay much closer attention to the many forms of interpénétration between the classical world of Greece and Rome and the Jewish (and Christian) world around the beginning of the Common Era. Eventually my research in this field (and also my long-standing friendly relationship with Martin Hengel) led to a publication on the position of Greek as a language spoken by Jews in Palestine on the occasion of the celebration of the 30th anniversary of Hengel's book (or rather, of the 25lh anniversary of its English translation) in 1999.6 Hengel's insights into the thorough hellenization of Judaism, not only in the Diaspora but also in the Jewish homeland, even in the pre-Christian period, has opened many eyes to the contributions Hellenistic culture has made to the changing face of Judaism in this formative period and to the implications this has for our study of'Hellenistic elements' in early Christianity. Van Unnik put me to work on the Corpus Hellenisticum Novi Testamenti project.7 Many of my early publications, for that reason, focus on the Hellenistic background of the New Testament. Some 15 of them have been reprinted in the volume I published in 1990 in collaboration with my long-time colleague, Dr. Gerard Mussies (see note 1). The reason that I have decided to reprint here two of these essays is simply that the book unfortunately never had any wide circulation and has, therefore, largely been ignored (it was a publication by the Faculty of Theology in Utrecht, but since this institute had no distribution apparatus, the book reached very few people and was never reviewed anywhere). The only two studies from that volume which are reprinted here, however, are my very first article, written in 1969 and published in 1970,8 and the rather provocative piece

4 The Sentences of Pseudo-Phocytides, Leiden 1978. Unfortunately, van Unnik died a couple of months before the public defense of my doctoral thesis in the spring of 1978. 5 Tübingen 1969 and many reprints; English translation (Judaism and Hellenism), London 1974. See also his later books Juden, Griechen und Barbaren. Aspekte der Hellenisierung des Judentums in vorchristlicher Zeit, Stuttgart 1976, and The 'Hellenization 'of Judaea in the First Century after Christ, London 1989. 6 See my 'Greek in Jewish Palestine in Light of Jewish Epigraphy,' in J.J. Collins & G.E. Sterling (eds.), Hellenism in the Land of Israel, Notre Dame 2001, 154-174, reprinted in my Japheth in the Tents of Shem 9-26. 7 On the history of this project see my article 'Corpus Hellenisticum' in the Anchor Bible Dictionary 1 (1992) 1157-1161. 8 It was published in German under the title ' Drohung und Mord schnaubend (Acta IX 1 ) ' in Novum Testamentum 12 (1970) 257-269, but is presented here in an English translation. 4 Introduction written by both Mussies and myself on the subtractive numerals in antiquity.9 In my opinion, both articles deserve a wider circulation than they have received hitherto because there is much new and relevant material in them. Now the rel- evance of a study of subtractive numerals may not be readily apparent, but once the reader realizes that Paul uses such a numeral in 2 Cor. 11:24 ('forty strokes less one'), the importance of putting this expression in as wide a linguistic context as possible will become clear. Most of the other contributions are more recent and they reflect my increased interest and research in ancient Judaism. There is a comparative study of the closely related questions which both Philo of Alexandria and the rabbis asked about difficult verses in the book of Genesis, where their different answers are also put into perspective.10 Apart from other Philonica, on which more below, there is a further study of rabbinic materials in the article on the tension between God's positive commandment to procreate (pern u-revu) in Gen. 1:28 on the one hand, and the often less than positive view the rabbis had of sexual desire, which they regarded as a manifestation of the evil inclination (yester ha-ra') in humans." There is also a recent contribution on the subject of my dissertation, the Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides, in which I cross swords with the American scholar John Collins on this Jewish poet's views on afterlife.12 As in the previous volumes, the reader will once again notice that there is also material on the ancient Samaritans. Here a third scholar is to be mentioned for his influence upon me, Alan D. Crown from Sydney. Twenty years ago, in 1985/86, he was my guest at the Utrecht Faculty for a couple of guest lectures, and he opened my eyes to the degree to which the Samaritans had unduly suffered from neglect by scholars in Judaic research. The Samaritans formed a substantial part of the Jewish population of Palestine (even though they would never call themselves 'Jews' but rather 'Israelites') and also had their own large diaspora.13 It is mainly due to the great efforts of Alan Crown that Samaritan studies have come to flourish of late14 and thanks to him I have been involved in these developments, albeit on a modest scale. Again, I focused initially mainly on the interaction be-

9 It was originally published in Illinois Classical Studies 13 (1988) 183-202. 10 'Philo and the Rabbis on Genesis: Similar Questions, Different Answers,' in: A. Volgers & C. Zamagni (eds.), Erotapokriseis. Early Christian Question-and-Answer Literature in Context (Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology 37), Leuven 2004, 55-70. 11 'A Note on the Evil Inclination and Sexual Desire in Talmudic Literature,' in U. Mitt- mann-Richert, F. Avemarie & G.S. Oegema (eds.), Der Mensch vor Gott. Forschungen zum Menschenbild in Bibel, antikem Judentum und Koran (Festschrift für Hermann Lichtenberger zum 60. Geburtstag), Neukirchen 2003, 99-106. 12 'Pseudo-Phocylides on the Afterlife: A Rejoinder to John J. Collins,' Journalfor the Study of Judaism 35 (2004) 70-75. 13 See my 'The Samaritan Diaspora in Antiquity' in my Essays on the Jewish World of Early Christianity 136-147. 14 See, e. g. A.D. Crown (ed.), The Samaritans, Tübingen 1988, the most extensive reference work to date. Introduction 5 tween Samaritans and Hellenistic culture,15 but later I widened the scope of my investigations as may be apparent from the two essays included in this volume. My recent book De Samaritanen16 is the long-term result of this involvement in samaritanological research. Again another scholar who has exerted influence on my scholarly career is David T. Runia of Melbourne, one of the great Philonic scholars of our time. After reading his magisterial 1983 dissertation on Philo's creative use of Plato's Timaeus in his biblical exegesis,171 became much more aware of the importance of this paragon of Jewish Hellenism from Alexandria. Runia also made very clear to me how great the impact of Philo had been on the theology of many Church Fathers.18 Some of the fruits of my fascination with Philo are to be found in this volume,19 although half of them are no more than parerga to my recent commentary on Philo's In Flaccum which David Runia and Gregory Sterling invited me to write for their new Philo of Alexandria Commentary Series (PACS).20 It was the work on this commentary, and especially the investigation of the complicated backgrounds of the serious conflict in Alexandria in the year 38 CE described by Philo that led me to further research the situations in which various Jewish diaspora communities had lived. Not only my earlier study on the Jews of ancient Crete, but also the recent ones on the Jews of Cyprus, of Sicily, and of the city of Sardis have been included here.21 They show the great variety in degrees of integration and acculturation in these diaspora communities and they demonstrate how difficult it is to say with any certainty why in some places the various religious groups lived in harmony, or at least not in conflict, while elsewhere things derailed completely. A special case is the story of the conflicts,

15 See my study of the Samaritan diaspora mentioned in note 13 and the one on 'The Samaritan Languages in the pre-Islamic Period,' Journal for the Study of Judaism 32 (2001) 178-192, reprinted in my Japheth in the Tents ofShem 235-249. See also my 'Samaritans and Hellenism' in my Hellenism - Judaism - Christianity 49-58. 16 Kampen 2004 (the book is in Dutch). 17 Published as Philo of Alexandria and the Timaeus of Plato, Leiden 1986. 18 See his Philo and Early Christian Literature, Assen-Minneapolis 1993. 19 The article on 'Philo of Alexandria on the Wrath of God' was originally published in Dutch as 'Philo Alexandrinus over de toorn Gods,' in A. de Jong & A. de Jong (eds.), Kleine encyclopedie van de toorn, Utrecht 1993, 77-82. For the present volume I have translated it into English. 20 See my Philo's Flaccus: The First Pogrom, Leiden 2003. The parerga reprinted here are 'Common Prayer in Philo's In Flaccum 121-124,' Kenishta: Studies of the Synagogue World, ed. J. Tabory, vol. 2, Bar Ilan 2003, 21-28; and 'Philo's In Flaccum and the Book of Acts,' in: R. Deines & K.-W. Niebuhr (eds.), Philo und das Neue Testament. Wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 172), Tübingen 2004, 95-105. 21 The study of Cretan Jewry had already been republished in 1990 in my Essays on the Jewish World 148-165, but it is included here again - albeit in an abbreviated form - in order to retain the character of a trilogy on the Jewish communities of the three great islands in the Mediterranean Sea (Crete, Cyprus, Sicily). About the Jews of the great island of Euboia we know next to nothing (see Philo, Legat. 282, and IJO I, Ach57). 6 Introduction throughout the period of the Roman and early Byzantine Empire, between Jews and Greens, a notorious hooligan-like circus faction active in the great cities, and of the seemingly strange alliance between Jews and Blues, the opponents of the Greens. Here social psychology turned out to be very helpful in solving an anomaly.22 All these studies of details concerning diaspora communities fill in the background against which we have to understand the lives and activities of the early Christians who, as a minority, had to maintain their position between these parties.23 Related to this area of research is another field in which I have done work over the past 15 years, early Jewish epigraphy. In an attempt to fill a lacuna, I published in 1991 an introductory work to the study of Jewish epitaphs (which form the bulk of the epigraphic material).24 The book received a very warm welcome since there existed no such work for students of ancient Judaism.25 When I was writing the book (during a sabbatical spent at the Hebrew Univer- sity in Jerusalem), I could not foresee how quickly the situation in this field of research would change in terms of the availability of new critical editions of the epigraphic material and of in-depth studies. In a high tempo, between 1992 and 2004, most of this material was published again in much better editions than the old and outdated Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum (CIJ) by Frey,26 upon which I still had to rely by and large in 1990/91, and very much new material was added in these publications. In a long review article on the three recent volumes Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis (IJO), reprinted in this volume, I sketch these developments and show how dramatically the situation has improved. The study of Jewish epitaphs, honorary inscriptions, and other epigraphic material is of great importance to the student of early Judaism and Christianity since these sources quite often provide us with information about Jewish life and thought that we do not find in the literary documents (for instance, data about age at death and onomastics).

22 Published as 'Jews and Blues in Late Antiquity,' in D. Accorinti & P. Chuvin (edd.), Des Géants à Dionysos. Mélanges de mythologie et de poésie grecques offerts à Francis Vian, Alessandria 2003, 565-572. 23 See also I. Levinskaya, The Book of Acts in Its First Century Setting, vol. 5: Diaspora Setting, Grand Rapids-Carlisle 1996. Diaspora studies have come of age in recent decades; see John Barclay's Introduction to J.G.M. Barclay (ed.), Negotiating Diaspora. Jewish Strategies in the Roman Empire, London - New York 2004, 1-7. 24 Ancient Jewish Epitaphs. An Introductory Survey of a Millennium of Jewish Funerary Epigraphy (300 BCE - 700 CE), Kampen 1991. 25 Even the otherwise excellent book by B.H. McLean, An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods from Alexander the Great down to the Reign of Constan- tine, Ann Arbor 2002, deals very insufficiently with Jewish material. 26 J.-B. Frey, Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum. Recueil des inscriptions juives qui vont du Ille siècle avant Jésus-Christ au Vile siècle de notre ère, 2 vols, Rome 1936-1952. Vol. I was reprinted in 1975 with an extensive Prolegomenon containing many corrections and additions by Baruch Lifshitz. Introduction 1

The interpretation of biblical texts in ancient Judaism and early Christianity is also a field that has been blossoming in the past decades.27 My first steps in this field were taken some 15 years ago in an article written for Adam van der Woude's Festschrift on the widely diverging interpretations, by ancient Jews and Christians, of the enigmatic words in Ezek. 20:25 where God says that he gave Israel 'laws that were not good!'28 The text in Ex. 22:28 as rendered in the Septuagint, "Thou shalt not revile the gods," also evoked a wide variety of exegeses in Jewish and Christian circles, which I charted briefly.29 In the present volume there are two further examples, albeit on a modest scale, namely, a study of the way in which the limitation of the human life span to 120 years by God in Gen. 6:3 was variously interpreted by Jews and Christians in antiquity, and one on the way Jewish interpreters viewed what was for them the amazing activity of the prophetess Huldah in 2 Kings 22 and how their views relate to the rabbinic traditions about the presence of Huldah's tomb in Jerusalem, quite close to the Temple, of all places. Both studies show how passages in the Bible that were regarded as problematic by the ancient readers were creatively dealt with.30 Again another subject that has witnessed an upsurge in scholarly interest31 and has fascinated me intensely since the beginning of the nineties was that of ancient prayer cultures. It resulted inter alia in a booklet in Dutch in which I presented an annotated translation of 60 ancient prayers, 20 Graeco-Roman, 20 Jewish, and 20 Christian,32 and also in an article on the uncommon and suspect phenomenon of silent prayer,33 in a study of one of the few ancient thematic treatises on prayer, especially on the question of whether one should pray at all, and if so, what for,

27 Among the innumerable publications I mention - honoris causa - only James Kugel's magisterial Traditions of the Bible. The Bible as It Was at the Start of the Common Era, Cam- bridge MA-London 1998. 28 '"I Gave Them Laws That Were Not Good." Ezekiel 20:25 in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity,'in J.N. Bremmer & F. Garcia Martinez (eds.), Sacred History and Sacred Texts in Early Judaism. A Symposium in Honour of A. S. van der Woude, Kampen 1992, 94-118, repr. in my Hellenism - Judaism - Christianity 135-156. 29 "'Thou shalt not revile the gods." The LXX-translation of Ex. 22:28 (27), its background and influence, ' Studia Philonica Annual 5 (1993) 1-8, reprinted in my Hellenism - Judaism - Christianity 125-134. 30 The first study appeared in the new annual Zutot (2002, 18-23), the second was published in Dutch in Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift 55 (2001) 91-96, and translated by me into English for the present volume. 11 See, e.g., J.H. Charlesworth, M. Harding & M. Kiley (eds.), The Lord's Prayer and Other Prayer Texts from the Greco-Roman Era, Valley Forge 1993; M. Kiley (ed.), Prayer from Alexander to Constantine, London-New York 1997; J.H. Newman, Praying by the Book. The Scripturalization of Prayer in Second Temple Judaism, Atlanta 1999; H. Lohr, Studien zum frühchristlichen und frühjüdischen Gebet, Tübingen 2003. Many other works could be mentioned as well. 32 Gebeden uit de antieke wereld, Kampen 1994. 33 'Silent Prayer in Antiquity,' Numen 41 (1994) 1-25, reprinted in my Hellenism-Judaism - Christianity 293-316. 8 Introduction namely the fifth oration of Maximus of Tyre,34 as well as in an investigation of whether or not a forgotten prayer text in one of the Egerton papyri is Jewish or Christian.35 In this volume, the readers will find a short contribution on a re- markable prayer by the Jews of Alexandria after their persecution by the Roman governor Flaccus, as reported by Philo in his In Flaccum?6 As far as the New Testament is concerned, some of the contributions in this volume intend to shed light on long-standing translation problems (although often not even seen as problematic) from insights won in classical philology. The question of whether the words oi 8e eöioxaaav in Matt. 28:17 mean 'but they doubted' or 'but some doubted' or 'but others doubted' (which makes quite a difference!) is solved on the basis of strictly philological considerations: it means 'but some doubted.' In a second contribution, the same kind of philological considerations, but now of a more lexical nature, lead to the suggestion that in the parable of the rich man and the poor Lazarus the words eyevexo 6s ditoQavelv Tov jiTcoxov xai äjtEvexöfjvai aiixov iiitö xcöv äyyeluiv etg xov xöXjtov 'Aßgadji do not just mean that the poor man was carried away to Abraham's bosom but that he was carried to a place he deserved or where he belonged, the bosom of Abraham (apo- in composita often has this force). The striking expression eujtvcoiv ajtEi^rjg xai qpövov in Acts 9:1 is studied in the light of expressions in Greek literature that circumscribe strong emotions or passions with verbs of breathing or snorting.37 Finally, in a philological study of the expression xai oiixcog nag 'Iagar)X owOriaexat in Rom. 11:26,1 argue that the words xai oiixcoc in this context do not mean 'and so [or 'thus'] all Israel will be saved,' but 'only then will all Israel be saved.' That xai ofixtug can have this sense, although it is not registered in the standard Greek lexicons, is well-known among classical philologists, but hardly familiar among theologians (a justly renowned commentator even says that a temporal meaning of this word is never found in Greek!).38 These proposals are not shattering innovations but they do prove that detailed knowledge of the Greek language can help solve New Testament exegetical problems, which sounds like a truism but unfortunately still needs to be said over and over again. It may be added here that the article on the Hellenistic popular beliefs about the power of the shadow39 was ultimately inspired by the silence of the NT commentaries on

34 'Maximus of Tyre on Prayer. An Annotated Translation of EL 6EI £i>xea0cu (Dissertatio 5),' in H. Cancik, H. Lichtenberger & P. Schäfer (eds.), Geschichte - Tradition - Reflexion: Festschrift für Martin Hengel zum 70. Geburtstag, 3 vols., Tübingen 1996, Vol. 2: 323-338. 35 'Neglected Greek Evidence for Early Jewish Liturgical Prayer,' Journal for the Study of Judaism 29 (1998) 278-296. 36 Originally published as 'Common Prayer in Philo's In Flaccum 121-124,' Kenishta: Studies of the Synagogue World, ed. J. Tabory, vol. 2, Bar Han 2003, 21-28. 37 Since this was my very first publication, written when 1 was 23, the reader is asked to exercise a certain clemency as regards the woodenness of the presentation. 38 This note appeared in the Journal of Biblical Literature 119 (2000) 521-525. 39 Originally published in German as 'Der Schatten im hellenistischen Volksglauben,' in M. J. Vermaseren (ed.), Studies in Hellenistic Religions, EPRO 78, Leiden 1979, 27-36. Introduction 9

Acts 5:15, where Luke says that the people of Jerusalem 'even carried out their sick into the streets and laid them on beds and pallets, hoping that as Peter came by at least his shadow might fall on some of them.' And, finally, the study on Philo's In Flaccum and the Book of Acts highlights the importance of each of these two works for the study of the other.40 My early interest in patristic literature may be seen in an article of 1971, not reprinted here, on Augustine's view of suicide as compared to that of his pagan contemporary, the philosopher Macrobius.41 A later study dealt with the interesting motif of Plato's fear of telling the (supposedly Christian) truth in apologetic patristic literature.42 Although not at all a patristic scholar myself, in this volume I have yet again included some studies of the works of Church Fathers. The first is a by-product of my Dutch book De Woestijnvaders (The Desert Fathers),43 in which I also translated large parts of Cyril of Scythopolis' work on the Palestin- ian monks in the desert of Judaea. In this chapter, which was originally presented as a paper at a Jerusalem conference about Sabas, the famous founder of the Mar Saba monastery in the Judaean desert,441 investigate various aspects of Cyril's use of Scripture and compare these to the other monastic authors from the 4th to 6th century. Another undeservedly less known author is Macarius Magnes, whose work Monogenes (or Apokritikos) is a long refutation of the attacks on Christian- ity by an unnamed opponent whose identity has always been an object of much speculation (was he Porphyry?). It is a fascinating work which had long awaited a new critical edition. The recent one by Richard Goulet gave me the opportunity to discuss some of the issues in a review article that is reprinted here. Further the reader will find a study, co-authored by my colleague Martien Parmentier, on a recently published papyrus, Pap. Bodmer 30, which contains a very interesting 4th century poem on the sacrifice of Isaac. The article includes the first English translation of the Greek text and a study on both the Jewish and the Christian backgrounds of the many non-biblical elements in this text.45 Finally, as far as

40 'Philo's In Flaccum and the Book of Acts,' in: R. Deines & K.-W. Niebuhr (eds), Philo und das Neue Testament. Wechselseitige Wahrnehmungen (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 172), Tübingen 2004, 95-105. 41 'A Christian Piatonist and a Pagan Piatonist on Suicide,' Vigiliae Christianae 25 (1971) 282-288. 42 'Plato's Fear as a Topic in Early Christian Apologetics,' Journal of Early Christian Stud- ies 6 (1998) 1-14, repr. In Hellenism - Judaism - Christianity 257-268. 43 Amsterdam 1998. 44 'The Role of Scripture in Cyril of Scythopolis' Lives of the Monks of Palestine,' in J. Patrich (ed.), The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present, Leuven 2001 [published in 2002], 127-145. 45 Published as 'A New Early Christian Poem on the Sacrifice of Isaac,' in A. Hurst & J. Rudhardt (eds.), Le Codex des Visions (Recherches et rencontres 18), Geneva 2002, 155-172. This batch of papyri contains several more early Christian poems that deserve much more attention from patristic scholars; see A. Hurst & J. Rudhardt (eds), Papyri Bodmer XXX-XXXVll: Codex des Visions, poèmes divers, München 1999. For one of my earlier publications (with 10 Introduction

Christian sources are concerned, we move to quite a late document, the seventh-century 'Ejxan:oQr|Tixà xecpodaia xaxà tcâv 'Iovôaicov, 'Arguments to corner the Jews,' a short Byzantine manual in the form of 25 questions which should enable Christians in their disputations with Jews to drive them into a corner from which they could not escape (note êitaitogritixâ). In this contribution I present the document in a first English translation and add some comments to place the document in its historical context.46 As to the pagan Graeco-Roman part of this volume, I already mentioned the studies on the shadow in Hellenistic folklore and the one on subtractive composite numerals. Apart from these, the reader will find an article on a recently found new fragment of the great philosophical inscription in the city of Oenoanda (Asia Minor), in which the Epicurean thinker Diogenes sets out his view of life according to Epicurus (the text is from the early 2nd century CE). The fragment also chides the Jews as 'the most superstitious and disgusting of all nations,' a statement that I try to put into the context of the tradition of ancient Judaeo- phobia47 and of contemporary history. Jews and Christians were often charged with atheism in the ancient world because they did not worship the generally accepted gods, but they were no atheists in the strict sense, and there were very few atheists in antiquity in general, as far as we know. Nevertheless, atheism did originate in ancient Greece, but why and when and where? That is the topic of another article (originally published in Dutch but here presented in an English translation) in which I argue that even though the well-known Diagoras (5th century BCE) was the first outspoken atheist, it was in all probability Critias, a nephew of Plato's mother, who first invented a theory that the origin of religion was based on a cynical lust for power. Finally, there are two pieces on magic, an interdenominational or syncretistic phenomenon of which the documents are often hard to categorize as pagan, Jew- ish or Christian. How difficult it often is to take such a decision (if possible at all) is demonstrated in the article on the great magical papyrus in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris (PGM IV) and the Bible, as well as in the contribution on the exorcistic formula 'the God who drowned the king of Egypt,' which is of course of Jewish origin but was also in use among pagan magicians.48

A.H.M. Kessels) on a Bodmer papyrus see 'The Vision of Dorotheus (Pap. Bodmer 29). Edited with Introduction, Translation and Notes,' Vigiliae Christianae 41 (1987) 313-359. 46 Originally published as 'Twenty-Five Questions to Corner the Jews: A Byzantine Anti- Jewish Document from the Seventh Century,' in E.G. Chazon, D. Satran & R.A. Clements (eds.), Things Revealed. Studies in Early Jewish and Christian Literature in Honor of Michael E. Stone (Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism 89), Leiden 2004, 289-302. 47 See P. Schäfer,Judeophobia. Attitudes towards the Jews in the Ancient World, Cambridge MA-London 1997. 48 Originally published as "The God Who Drowned the King of Egypt.' A Short Note on an Exorcistic Formula,' in: A. Hilhorst & G.H. van Kooten (eds.), The Wisdom of Egypt. Jew- ish, Early Christian, and Gnostic Studies in Honour of Gerard P. Luttikhuizen, Leiden 2005, 135-140. Index of passages

Old Testament

Genesis 14:27 281 1:27 59 15:4 LXX 280, 281,283 1:28 61,62 15:7 282 1:31 64 16:35 264 2:17 119, 121, 122 19:18 274 3:3 119 20:17 146 3:9 122 23:4-5 111 4:7 60 26:33 220 4:15 123 32:10-2 128 5:24 125 34:7 84 6:3 66-70 35:1 268 6:5 60 Leviticus 8:21 60 12:3 (LXX) 217 6:8-13 277 15:1 113 16 220 20:2 119 Numbers 21:4 203 21:6 201 13:33—4 264 22 191-6 14:9 239 22:3^1 203 19:14 240 22:11 194 22:22 128 22:11-12 195 23:19 131, 132 22:13 204 25:3^ 128 22:17 193 Deuteronomy 25:8 207, 209 26:8 201,205 4:26 112 46:4 265 6:5 60, 65 46:27 265 8:2 264 49:9 51 8:5 132 49:10 217,218,219, 221,225 10:17 112 10:22 265 Exodus 11:3-4 LXX 280, 281 3:2 274 11:13 60, 65 3:20 141 16:16 217 4:8 124 18:15 218, 225 4:14 128 18:15-8 21 13:21 274 18:19 218, 225 322 Index of passages

25:3 266-7 17:27-8 135 27:4 146, 156 17:29 135, 27:26 217 17:30 136 28 84 17:34 157 29:5 264 17:40-1 135 30:19 112 22:14-20 87 31:21 60 22:15 89 31:28 112 24:19-20 128 32:1-3 39 34:6 125 3 Kings 34:7 66 14:21 (Vulg.) 252

Joshua 4 Kings 3 277 13:1 (Vulg.) 252 3:13—4 281 5:6 264 1 Chronicles 7:1 128 21:1 129, 7:26 128 10:40 173 2 Chronicles 14:7 264 12:13 (Vulg.) 252 14:10 264 34:22-28 87 19:38 (Vulg.) 253 Ezra Judges 6 218 3:8 128 3:14 (Vulg.) 253 Nehemia 4:4 90 13:28-29 139 4:6 89 10:7 128 Job 10:8 (Vulg.) 253 15:29 (LXX) 240 20:25 (Vulg.) 253 38:10-1 277

2 Samuel Psalms 2:30 (Vulg.) 253 2:5 129 6:7 128 2:12 129 8:13 (Vulg.) 253 4:8 207 22:16 171 7:10 60 24:1 129, 133 18:16 171 25:18 (LXX) 213 1 Kings 27:10 62 18:41-5 212 27:12 171 19:18 158 39:7 (LXX) 198 46:11 (LXX) 213 2 Kings 51:5 62 2:11 125 55:8 (LXX) 213 13:21 87 68:7 (LXX) 214 17 156 81:6 265 17:25 135 82:1 112 New Testament 323

89:4 219 Jeremiah 95:3 112 1:5 212 103:14 60 1:6-10 (LXX) 276 109:4 (LXX) 219, 225 1:9 276 113:3 281 5:22 277 114:3 277 119:21 (LXX) 213 Ezekiel 138:7-8 203 10:5 277 139:8 (LXX) 240 21:36 171 145:9 (LXX) 207,211 24:16 126 36:26 61 Proverbs 38 219 6:5 (LXX) 211 12:17 171 Joel 24:17-8 111 3:10 214 30:16 (LXX) 63 Obadiah Song of Songs 20 44 1:6 171 Micah Isaiah 5:1 221 2:4 214 5:14 129 6:5-7 141 7:15 20 11:9 220 13:3 129 Zephania 13:5 129 2-3 129 13:9 129 13:13 129 Haggai 35:1 209 2:22-24 226 51:3 209 53:7 204

New Testament

Matthew 28:16 161 5:26 164 28:17 161-3 6:1 164 Mark 6:2 164 6:5 164 5:9 275 6:16 164 9:17 275 9:20-22 212 9:38 274 20:8 164 12:36 213 22:43-5 213 Luke 25:26-7 210 26:67 161 1:35 236, 240 27:5 101 2:8-15 212 4:35 273 324 Index of passages

6:20 166 24:11 260 7:42 164 27:17 179 8:30 275 27-8 103 9:17 260 28:4 107 9:49 274 9:51-3 134 Romans 9:62 213 2:6 164 10:19 213 7:13-25 61 11:24-6 274 11:26 176-1: 13:4 (Vulg.) 253 13:11 (Vulg.) 253 1 Corinthians 16:22 164-6 10:1-2 194 18:14 211 13:8 211 22:24 163 13:13 220 15:28 200 John 4:9 134 2 Corinthians 4:20 145 1:3 212 4:22 158 11:24 254, 5:5 260 266-8 8:56 197 20:24 163 Galatians 1:15 212 Acts 3:23-29 220 2:9-11 16 3:24-25 221 2:11 107 2:12-3 163 Ephesians 2:30 213 1:3 212 4:36 30 2:2 275-6 5:15 236, 241 3:10 275-6 6:9 103 7:8 179 Colossians 9:1 167-175 4:11 172 11:19-20 30 12:2-3 100 1 Thessalonians 12:22-3 100, 101 4:16-7 179 13:5 78 13:5-6 30 1 Timothy 15:39 30 2:4 217 16:13 106 5:4 164 16:13-4 84 17:18 163 Philemon 19:7 260 24 172 19:13 274 19:16 274 Hebrews 19:19 270 7:11 219 20:11 179 8-9 220 22:3 107 11:29 282 Jewish Literature

James 5:5 51 2:19 274 18:6 164

Apocalypse 2:17 173

Pre-Rabbinic Jewish Literature

Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha Martyrium Isaiae Ben S ira 3:1-12 141 21:11 61 5:1-14 141 50:26 140 51:12 113 Paralipomena Jeremiae 8 142 Epistle ofAristeas 305 107 Ps-Eupolemos fr. 3 146 Esther (additions in LXX) C23 112 Ps-Phocylides 100-1 94 Jubilees 102 94 5:8 67 103-115 93 103^4 93- Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum 104b 94 18:5 194 105-8 96 30-33 90 106 96 32:2-3 194 111 96 33:4 92 115 96 40:2 194 193^ 63 40:6 196 48:1 69 Testament of Abraham (rec. A) 7:11 178 1 Maccabees 16-20 96 3:10 140 15:15 28 Testament of Asher 15:17 13 1:3-9 60 15:22-23 13,28 Testament of Solomon 2 Maccabees 4:1 172 6:2 140 9 101 Vitae Prophetarum Jeremiah 6 179 3 Maccabees Isaiah 8 91 5:25 110 Dead Sea Scrolls 1QS 3:13-4 60 4Q252 I 2-3 67 326 Index of passages

Josephus Contra Apionem Antiquitates Judaicae 1.205-11 230 1:75 68 1:228-252 231 1:98-9 69 2:91-6 232 1:152 69 1:232 194-5 Vita 4:40 110 427 15 4:176 256, 257 Philo Alexandrinus 4:238 256, 267 4:248 256, 267 De Abrahamo 4:305 146 202 131 5:200-9 90 5:203 90 De Congressu 8:44-49 276 108 170 9:277-291 136, 137, 139 9:278 137 In Flaccum 9:290 137 26 102,103 9:291 137, 138 31 103 10:77 267 41 107 11:302-347 138 53 103 11:346 138 56 106 12:7-10 144 82 100 12:148-152 44 124 112-3 13:74-79 144 101 99 13:78 144 102-3 99 13:284 29 103 100, 103 13:287 29 104 107 13:324-333 29 116 100 14:223-7 45 121-124 108-113 14:258 106 122 106 14:259-61 45 125 110 14:260 46 138 107 18:85-7 21 152-6 102 18:131 29 158 107 19:343-52 101 170 109 20:97-8 21 190 112 20:142 29 191 110 20:167-172 21 20:188 21 De Josepho 21 170 Bellum Judaicum 2:101-116 15 Legatio ad Gaium 6:270 267 3 110 6:285 21 261-348 100 7:437-41 21 282 15,30

De mutatione nominum 215 170 Rabbinic Literature

Quaestiones in Genesim De somniis 1:16 120 1:107 170 1:35 121 2:177-9 131 1:45 122 2:234-7 132 1:75-6 123 1:82 125 De specialibus legibus 1:86 125 2:165 112 1:91 68 4:60 119 Vita Mosis 1:6 131 Quod deus sit immutabilis 1:55 170 59 131 1:113 112 60 131 2:34 106 61-9 131-2 2:37 112 174 170 2:240 170

De sacrificiis 95-6 131

Rabbinic literature

Mishnah Shabbat Avoda Zara 7:2 267 3:8 240 Yevamot Avot 6:6 62 1:1 266 3:15 59 Tosefta 4:1 61 Bava Bathra 1:11 88 Berakhot 7:1 147 Nega 'im 9:5 60, 65 6:2 88

Makkot Terumot 3:10 266 4:14 147

Babylonian Talmud Middot 1:3 88 Arakhin 13a 264 Oholot 2 240 Avoda Zara 5 240 4a 224 11 240 5a 62 5b 61 Sanhedrin 9a-b 20 10:1 148 31a-b 149 48b-49a 240 328 Index of passages

Bava Bathra 95b 265 16a 61 97a-b 20 123a 265 99a 20

Bava Qamma Shabbat 82b 105b 61 83a 265 Sotah Berakhot 36b 265 5a 61 17a 61 Sukkot 24b 106 52a 61 61a 60,61 52a-b 60,61

Gittin Yevamot 56b 101 64a 265 122a 241 Horayoth 12a 241 Zevahim 118b 264 Hullin 119a 264 6a 149 Jerusalem Talmud Keritot Avoda Zara 5b-6a 241 44d 149

Megillah Berakhot 14a lib 147 14b 89 Demai Nedarim 24c 266 20b 63 38a 265 Eruvin 20b 266 Niddah 56b 137, 147 Gittin 43c 137, 147 Pesachim 111b 241 Ketuvot 3 Od 266 Qiddushin 30b 61 Nazir 75a-76a 149 57d 75b 136, 137, 147 76a 147 Nedarim 41b 61 Sanhédrin 85b 137, 147 Rabbinic literature 329

Ta 'anit Pirqe de-R. Eliezer 66c 60 39 265

Midrashim Sifre Deuteronomium Canticles Rabba 33 61 1.2.4 61 45 60,61 311 277 Ecclesiastes Rabba 9:7 61 Tanhuma B Wayyikra 12 61 Exodus Rabba 41:17 61 Targumim Neofiti Genesis Rabba Gen 6:3 67 9:7 61,64 10:7 101 Onkelos 16:6 119 Gen 6:3 68 19:3 121 Num 14:9 240 19:9 122 22:12 123 Ps-Jonathan 22:13 124 Gen 3:9 122 22:6 61 Gen 6:3 68 25:1 125 Gen 22:7-11 195 27:4 60 Num 14:9 240 Deut 25:3 267 Lamentations Rabba Deut 30:6 61 1.16.45 31 Non-Talmudic Rabbinic treatises Leviticus Rabba Avoth de-Rabbi Nathan (ree. A) 14:5 62 1 122 16 62 Mekhilta de-R. Ishmael 35:1 88 Beshallach 5 68 Shabbata 2 267 Kuthim Wayassa 3 241 1:1 134 2:9 149 Numbers Rabba 18:21 267 Megillat Ta 'anit 22 147 Pesiqta Rabbati 2 91 Semachot 26:1-2 89 14:10 88 330 Index of passages

Early Christian Literature

Augustine 70 209 De civitate Dei 75 210 15:24 70 90 209

1 Clement Theodosius 31:3 200 2 209

Clement of Alexandria Cyril of Jerusalem Paedagogus Catechesis 1.5.22.2-3 201 5:6 203

Stromateis Epiphanius 1.21.141 116 De mensibus 4.11.68.3 132 16:7-9 148 73.73.73 203 Eusebius Constitutiones Apostolicae Historia Ecclesiastica 8.12.12 282 3:2 31 20.20 188 Praeparatio Evangelica Cyril of Scythopolis 9.17.5-6 146 Cyriacus 9.19.4 116 3 210 9.21.1-19 116 10 210,213 3.3.3-3 116 9.29.15 116 Euthymius 16.16.16 116 25 212 11.6.36 273 35 210 39 209 211 Eutychius Alexandrinus Annates Sabas 2:220-3 32 Prol. 212 2 210, 212, 213 Gregory the Great 4 213 Epistulae 6 209 6.33 41 12 210,213 8.21 41 15 211 9.38 41 16 210,214 23 211 Irenaeus 27 212 Adversus Haereses 28 210,214-5 1.30.14 179 33-8 207 2.6.2 274 39 210,214 4.5.4-5 197 40 210 47 210 62 212 Early Christian Literature

Jerome Melito Comm. in Is. fragm. 9 204 7:14 223 fragm. 10 204

Quaest. in Gen. Origenes 6:3 69 Contra Celsum 1:6 282 Johannes Moschus 4:33 280 Pratum spirituale 4:34 275 172 224 4:71-2 133 Horn. 8 in Gen. 197 Julius Africanus Horn, injer. fragm. 7 69 18-20 133

Justin Martyr Orosius Dialogus cum Tryphone Judaeo Historia adv. paganos 85:2 282 7.12.8 31 131:3 282 Photius Justinian Bibliotheca Novella 146 105, 223 cod. 32 224

Lactantius Romanos Melodos De mortibus persecutorum Kontakion 50:1 101 3.14 200

Macarius Magnes Socrates Scholasticus Monogenes (Apokritikos) Historia Ecclesiastica 2.7.10 184 7:38 18 2.16.26-9 184 3.42.6 186 Sophronius 4.5.1 184 Laudatio Cyr. etJoh. 4.5.2 184 55 31-:

Malalas Tatian Chronographia Oratio ad Graecos 10.20 55 27 248 15.15 55 16.6 55-6 Zeno of Verona De Abrahamo 1.43 198,201- 332 Index of passages

Pagan Greek and Latin Literature

Aelian Apollodorus De natura animalium Bibliotheca 3:7 235 2.7.3 254 6:14 235 Apollonius Rhodius Aeschylus Argonautìca Agamemnon 2:974-5 256, 187 168 219 168 Aristophanes 374-5 168 Aves 1206 169 1121 169 1235 169 Ranae Choephoroi 1016 169 391-2 169 952 169 Aristaenetus Epist. 1:5 171 Eumenides 840 169 Aristotle Historia animalium Persae 3:20 (522a30- 339 255 31) 259 343 255 1062 193 Poetica 17 (1455bl) 178 Septem 52-3 169 Politica 5.9.23 Supplices (1315b36) 259 7-7 169 5.11.25 (1315al-3) 229 Andocides De Mysteriìs Rhetorica 38 162 2.14.4 105 162-3 (1390bl0—11) 255, fragm. 369 Rose 235 Anthologia Palatina 2:233 170 Aulus Gellius 2:451 170 Noctes Atticae 5:259 170 10:28 252 7:25 170 9:159 170, 174 Caesar 11:240 174 De Bello Gallico 1:8 253 Antiphon 2:5 253 fragm. 49 170 4:19 253 Pagan Greek and Latin Literature

Cassius Dio Diogenes Laertius 58.20.5 256 Lives of the eminent philosophers 68.32.1-2 31,232 5:27 258

Chion Dionysius of Halicarnassus Epistula Antiquitates Romanae 3:3 170, 174 7.3.2 257 7.51.3 170 Cicero De natura deorum Epictetus 1.17.45 130 Dissertationes 1:117 247 2.15.8 178 1:118 247 3.23.1-2 178

In Catilinam Euripides 2:1 171 Andromache 189-90 169 In Verrem 326-7 169, 174 4:123 252 Bacchae Pro Roscio Amerino 620 169 7:20 252 640 169 35:99 252 1348 130

Tusculanae disputationes Bellerophon 3.12.26 236 fragm. 286 248

Cornutus Hecuba Compendium 1161-3 162 35 97 Hercules furens Critias 635-6 162 fr. 88A3 D-K 243 fr. 88B25 D-K 242 Iphigeneia Aulensis 458-9 196 Digesto 37.37.37 252 Iphigeneia Taurensis 288 169 Dio Chrysostom Oratio Phoenissae 67:4—5 237 454 169 876 169 Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca histórica Rhesus 1.1.1.1 229 785 169 4.4.4 255, 256, 258 334 Index of passages

Eutropius Hippocrates 1:1 253 De affectibus 9 259 Geoponica 15.1.10 235 Homer Iliad Heliodorus 1:25 254 Aethiopica 1:297 168 1.2.1 170 2:356 168 2:557 254 Herodotus 2:637 254 Historiae 2:713 254 1:84 261 2:748 254 1:94 259 3:8 168 1:106 258 4:109 254 1:126 259 11:508 168 1:130 258, 259 21:386 167 1:196 165 21:395 168 1:202 255.256 24:364 168 2:7 258 24:496 255 2:134 257 24:496 261 2:142 258 2:143 261 Odyssee 3:90 258 5:278 54, 255 3:93^1 261 5:279 255,261 4:1 258 10:495 239 4:35 65 11:207 239 5:84 165 16:249 254, 255 6:27 258 19:138-9 168 7:186 259 8:48 259 Horatius 9:30 255.257 Carmina 9:33 256, 257 4.13.19 171 9:70 258 Isaeus Herondas Orationes Mimiambe 11:43 255 8:58 170 12:270 256

Hesiod Isocrates Opera et dies Orationes 780 255 12:270 258 814 255 Livy Hippiatrica Berolinensia History 130:135 239 3:24 252 3.24.10 253 Pagan Greek and Latin Literature

23.46.4 253 Vitae Sophistarum 29.2.17 252 1:16 244 34.10.4 253 36.45.3 252 Pindar 37.30.8 252 Nemean Odes 3.3.3 252 3:41-2 170 14.14.14 252 40.40.13 253 Pythian Odes 45.43.3 253 4:10 262 45.43.5 252 9:113 255,261 10:44 169, 174 Lucian 11:29-30 169 Lexiphanes 2 163 Plato Gorgias Lucretius 457d 177-8 De rerum natura 5:392 171 Leges 6:783-5 238 666a 259 828b-c 162 Lysias 833d 259 Orationes 908b-e 246 12:18 165 910c 165 19:43 256 Phaedo Nepos 58b 165 Cato 1:2 252 Protagoras 314c 177 Nonnus Dionysiaca Respublica 48:650 171 368d 178

Ovid Plautus Metamorphoses Mercator 12:553-5 254 430 252

Pausanias Pliny the Elder Descriptio Graeciae Naturalis Historia 3.11.6-8 257 7:214 251 8.38.6 237 7:214 254 8:106 235 Philostratus 17:18 238 Heroicus 19.1.3 102 1:3 237 28:69 236 30:11 35 Vita Apollonii 3:15 239 336 Index of passages

Plutarch Ps-Callisthenes De sera numinis vindicta Historia Alexandri Magni rec.A 12 130 46 170 20 130 Ps-Hesiod De Stoicorum repugnantiis Aspis 38, 1050E 231 23-5 168, 174

De superstitione Quintilian 3,166A 231 Institutiones 8,169C 231 3.7.21 230 12.171C 247-8 Sappho Quaestiones Graecae fragm. 47 168 39,300C 238 Scholion on Callimachus Caesar Hymn to Zeus 1:13 238 30:3 255,256 Sextus Empiricus Pompeius 79:4 256,259 Pyrrhoneiai Hypotyposeis 1:162 130 Polybius Historia Solinus 12.16.13 256 Collectanea 16.12.7 237 27:24 237

Porphyry Sophocles De antro nympharum Antigone 26 237 806-8 196 30-30 169 Proclus 1177 174 In Rempublicam I p.290 (Kroll) 235 Electra 610 169 Propertius Elegiae Strabo Geographica 1.3.7 171 6.3.7 102 16.2.35-6 230 Protagoras 16.2.37 230 fragm. 80B4 D K 245 Tabula Cebetis Ps-Aristotle 19:1 178 De mirabilibus auscultationibus 145 235 Inscriptions and Papyri

Tacitus Varro Annales De re rustica 12:56 253 2.4.11 252

Historiae Virgil 2.59 253 Aeneid 5.2.1-3 16-7 7:510 253 5.3-5 232 5.5.1 232 Eclogae 10:75-6 239 Themistius Oratio Xenophon 1:7 171 Anabasis 1.3.14 165 Theocritus 1.10.3 162 Idylle 2.3.10 162 18:54-5 170 3.4.5 259 22:82 170 5.4.31 162 7.1.4 178 Theophrastus 7.4.16 259 Characteres 7.5.2 162 16 229 18 177 Cyropaedia 2.1.1 178 Thucydides 3.2.12 162 Historiae 1.37.1 177 Hellenica 2.13.3 258 1.1.5 259 1.1.1.1 177 1.2.14 162 4.38.5 255,258 2.3.47 244 4.101.1 261 7.5.12 170 4.102.3 259 5:31 165 Memorabilia Socratis 7.28.3 261 1.2.12 244 8.108.1-2 259

Inscriptions and Papyri

CIJ718 105 CIL 5:4299 251 CIJ 725 110 CIL 10:3427 251 CIJ 731c 25 CPJ513 75 CIJ 735 33 DF 82 33 CIJ 736 32 DF 83 32 CIJ 737 34 DF 84 34 CIJ 754 105 DF 85 33 338 Index of passages

GMA32 39—41 IJO II 77 83 IG 1.374 259, 260 IJO II 78 83 IG II 2.652 162 IJO II 80-85 83 IJO I Ach 76 IJO II 129 83 I JO I Ach 15 73 IJO II 131 83 IJO I Ach30 77 IJO II 156 84 I JO I Ach35 75 IJO II 180 84 IJO I Ach36 75 IJO II 191 84 IJO I Ach37 75 IJO II 209-297 81 IJO I Ach41 75 IJO II 213 84 IJO I Ach5 76 IJO II 218 84 IJO I Ach6 76 IJO II 222 85 IJO I Ach8-14 76 IJO II 224 85 IJO I Ach50 73 IJO II 240 85 IJO I Ach60-64 76 IJO III Cyp3 78 IJO I Ach66-67 76 IJO III Cyp6-8 78 IJO I Ach67 13 IJO III Syr3 78 IJO I Ach68 76 IJO III Syr5-8 79 IJO I Ach72 77 IJO III Syr6 78 IJO I Ach73 77 IJO III Syr 10 79 IJO I BS 16 77 IJO III Syr 11 78 IJO I BS20 77 IJO III Syrl 7—19 79 IJO I Cre3 25 IJO III Syr25-26 79 IJO I Dal2 75 IJO III Syr32 79 IJO I Dal4 75 IJO III Syr51-52 79 IJO I Mac 1 75 IJO III Syr53-72 79 IJO I Mac8 75 IJO III Syr58 79 IJO I Mac9 75 IJO III Syr61-71 79 IJO I Pani 75 IJO III Syrl21 79 IJO I Pan2 75 IJO III Syrl24-125 79 IJO I Thr3 81 IK Milet 740h 54 IJO I Thr4 81 Inscr Cret 1:5,17 24 IJO II 5a 81 Inscr Cret 2:8 23 IJO II 12 81 Inscr Cret 2:24,12 23 IJO II 13 81 Inscr Cret 4:509 22, 77 IJO II 15 54 JIWE I 36 80 IJO II 16 54 JIWEI 143 37 IJO II 32 82 JIWE I 144 37 IJO II 33 82 JIWE I 145 37, 40,41 IJO II 35 82 JIWE I 146 38 IJO II 37 82 JIWE I 147 38 IJO II 40 82 JIWE I 148 38,41 IJO II 41 82 JIWE I 149 38,41 IJO 1153-143 47-52 JIWE I 150 38 IJO II 63 83 JIWEI 151 38 IJO II 69 83 JIWEI 152 38,40 IJO II 70-123 81 JIWEI 153 38,41 IJO II 71 83 JIWEI 154 38 Inscriptions and Papyri 339

JIWEI 155 38 JIWE II 577 104 JIWEI 156 38, 40 JIWE II 578 105 JIWEI 157 38,41 JIWE II 579 105 JIWE I 158 38 JIWE II 584 104 JIWE I 159 38 KAI 260 44 JIWEI 160 38 Naveh-Shaked I 13 283 JIWEI 161 38,41 Pap. Maspero 70:2 257 JIWE II 1 104 Pap. Maspero 67188 239 JIWE II 2 105 Pap. Oxyrrhynchus JIWE II 33 105 264:2—4 256, 257 JIWE II 69 104 Pap. Bodmer 30 190-205 JIWE II 96 104 PGM IV 269-279 JIWE II 98 104 PGM IV 296-434 271 JIWE II 100 76, 104 PGM IV 436^461 271 JIWE II 106 105 PGM IV 1219 277 JIWE II 113 104 PGM IV 1957-1981 271 JIWE II 114 105 PGM IV 2241-2347 271 JIWE II 117 105 PGM IV 2902-2939 271 JIWE II 130 104 PGM IV 3007-3086 273,281 JIWE II 163 104 PGM IV 3013 273 JIWE II 165 104 PGM IV 3017 274 JIWE II 166 104 PGM IV 3019-20 274 JIWE II 167 104 PGM IV 3023 274 JIWE II 169 104 PGM IV 3026-7 274 JIWE II 170 104 PGM IV 3033-8 275 JIWE II 189 104 PGM IV 3038 275 JIWE II 194 104 PGM IV 3039-40 276 JIWE II 288 76, 104 PGM IV 3042 275 JIWE II 338 104 PGM IV 3043—4 275 JIWE II 406 104 PGM IV 3044 275 JIWE II 428 104 PGM IV 3047 275 JIWE II 451 104 PGM IV 3050-1 276 JIWE II 452 104 PGM IV 3052 276 JIWE II 488 104 PGM IV 3053-5 277, 281 JIWE II 527 104 PGM IV 3056-8 277 JIWE II 540 105 PGM IV 3061 277 JIWE II 542 104 PGM IV 3062^4- 277 JIWE II 547 104 PGM IV 3069-70 277 JIWE II 549 104 PGM IV 3084-6 277 JIWE II 557 104 PGM XXXVI 295-311 282 JIWE II 558 104 PGM XXXVI 306 282 JIWE II 560 104 SEG 8:269 13 JIWE II 576 104 Index of modem authors

Accorinti, D. 6, 79 Bekkum, W.J. van 224, 226 Adler, W. 70 Belkin, S. 116 Alexander, H.B. 234 Bell, H.l. 263 Alexander, Ph. S. 126, 273, 274, 277, 282 BenSasson, H. 19 Alexiou, M. 196 Benko, S. 181 Ameling, W. 43, 51, 71, 74, 80-85, 228, Benoit, A. 27 229, 233 Bérard, F. 72 Ankermann, B. 234 Bernand, A. 278 Applebaum, S. 17,29 Bernhardt, K.H. 19 Armstrong, A.H. 273 Bettenson, H. 70 Athanassiadi, P. 35, 74 Betz, H.D. 269,270 Aune, D. 273, 274, 275, 280, 284 Bickermann, E. 116, 232 Avemarie, F. 4 Bie, J.P. de 152 Avigad, N. 71 Bieler, M. 234,239 Avi-Yonah, M. 223 Billerbeck, P. 146, 148, 267 Binns, J. 206,207,209,211,212, Baarda, T. 166 Blaise, A. 180 Bacht, H. 208,210,215 Blass, F. 161,253 Baldeiii, R. 206 Blau, L. 282 Bandy, A.C. 22,24,25 Bleeker, C.J. 20 Barb, A.A. 281 Bloch, R.S. 232 Barclay, J.G.M. 6,43,45 Bloedhorn, H. 22,71,73 Bardy, G. 116,280 Blondel, Ch. 182 Barnett, P.W. 20 Blowers, P.M. 133 Baron, S.W. 19,41 Blumenkranz, B. 18,222 Barr, J. 93 Blumenthal, A. von 244 Barrett, C.K. 98, 101-2, 105, 177 Boeft, J. den 191,224,249 Bartelink, G.J.M. 208 Bogaert, M. 92 Basnage, J. 151-160 Bohak, G. 229 Bauer, H. 264 Böhm, M. 136,137 Bauer, W. 256 Bóid, R. 149 Baumann, U. 12 Bolkestein, H. 229 Baumgärtel, F. 171 Bonnard, P. 161 Baumgartner, W. 171 Bonner, C. 272 Beames, J. 252 Borgen, P. 109,114 Beatrice, P. F. 181 Bousset, W. 96 Beck, H.-G. 206,222 Box, H. 106,112 Becking, B. 136 Boyarin, D. 61,62-5 Bees, N. A. 27 Bozzo, G.B. 181 Index of modem authors 341

Bradshaw, P.F. 210 Cox, D.H. 29 Brashear, W. 269-273 Crafer, T.W. 183 Braun, H.E. 191 Cranfield, C.E.B. 177 Brede Kristensen, W. 234 Creed, J.L. 101 Bremmer, J.N. 7, 191, 246, 247, 249 Cross, F.M. 47 Brock, S.P. 196, 199, 200, 203, 204 Crown, A.D. 4, 14, 38, 134, 139, Bronner, L.L. 89 154 Brooten, B.J. 25-26,55 Crum, W.E. 263 Brown, P. 60,92 Cumont, F. 97 Brox, N. 280 Bruneau, Ph. 13-14,28,145 Dagron, G. 56, 223 Bullard, R. 241 Dalman, G. 266 Bunte, W. 91 Danby, H. 88,240 Burton-Christie, D. 208, 210, 211,213, Daniel, R.W. 273 214,215 Daniélou, J. 203 Bury, J.B. 243,246 Danker, F.W. 230,231 Buxton, R. 247 Datema, C. 199 Davies, M. 243 Cadbury, H. 172 Debrunner, A. 161,174,253 Cameron, A. 53-56 Decharme, P. 244,245,246 Camp, C.V. 87 Deines, R. 5,9 Cancik, H. 8 Deissmann, A. 164, 273, 276, 277, 282 Canivet, P. 184,208 Delling, G. 139 Casson, L. 103 Denniston, J.D. 94,97, 162 Cavallin, H.C.C. 93 DePalma Digeser, E. 185 Cazeaux, J. 122 Derda, T. 77 Cerny, G. 152-155 Déroche, V. 56,216,220,223,224 Charlesworth, J.H. 7, 67 Dexinger, F. 134, 136, 138, 139, 146, Chazon, E. 10 148, 158 Chesnut, G.F. 18 Di Berardino, A. 208 Chirat, H. 180 DiSegni, L. 147 Chuvin, P. 6,79 Dibelius, M. 16 Claußen, C. 34, 105, 106 Diez Macho, A. 240 Clements, R. 10 Dillon, J. 131,132, Coggins, R.J. 136 Dinur, B. 152 Cohen Stuart, G. 59 Dixon, R.M.W. 250 Cohen, A. 134 Dodds, E.R. 246 Cohen, J. 62 Dölger, F.J. 206 Cohen, S.J.D. 32,33 Döpp, S. 221 Cohn, H.H. 268 Dornseiff, F. 273 Cohn-Sherbock, D. 117 Dörrie, H. 114,248 Colera, P.B. 229 Dörries, H. 114,209,214 Collins, J.J. 93-7 Dragona-Monachou, M. 48 Colson, F.H. Ill Drexler, W. 237 Conzelmann, H. 16 Dreyer, O. 115,129 Cook, A.B. 238 Drenke, P. 196 Cook, J.G. 133,181,189 Dunn, J.D.G. 177 Cox Miller, P. 273 Düring, I. 174 342 Index of modern authors

Ebeling, H. 174 Gardiner, A. 263 Edel, E. 263 Gärtner, H.A. 115 Egger, R. 14,138,145 Gaster, M. 278 Eisenstein, J.D. 241 Gaster, T.H. 237,240 Eissfeldt, 0. 16 Geerlings, W. 221 Eitrem, S. 273,275,276 Geiger, B. 79 Elior, R. 126 George, B. 236,239 Evans, C.A. 96 Gerschmann, K.H. 110 Eynde, C. van den 199 Gerth, B. 162,174,178 Gibson, E.L. 72, 77 Fahr, W. 245,246,248 Gildersleeve, B.L. 161 Falk, Z.W. 268 Gill, D.W.J. 30 Falkenstein, A. 250 Ginzberg, L. 54, 68, 70, 87, 88, 196, Fauth, W. 17 276 Feldman, D.M. 65 Glare, P.W. 252 Feldman, L.H. 51,68,90 Glempf, C. 30 Fernández Marcos, N. 39 Glenthej, J.B. 205 Festugiére, A.-J. 206, 207, 236 Gleßmer, U. 67 Fine, S. 51 Goldin, J. 62 Finkel, J. 240 Goldstein, J.A. 13,28 Fischel, H.A. 240 Gonda, J. 254 Fischer, B. 253,254 Goodman, M. 12 Fischer, H. 234 Gordon, R.L. 109 Fitzgerald, J.T. 178 Goulet, R. 181-189 Fitzmyer, J.A. 147 Grabbe, L.L. 135,136,140 Flusin, B. 206,212 Graf, F. 275,281 Fossum, J. 149 Grayston, K. 161 Foucart, P. 182 Grese, W.C. 277,281 Fowden, G. 269 Gressmann, H. 96 Fram, E. 117 Grimal, P. 244 Frankfurter, D. 281 Gross, K. 110,195 Fräser, P.M. 12 Grossfeld, B. 67 Frazer, J.G. 234, 235, 237 Grundmann, W. 161 Frede, M. 35,74 Guarducci, M. 12,22 Freedman, H. 120 Gudemann, A. 115,117 Frerichs, E.S. 226 Gulkowitsch, L. 134 Frey, J.-B. 6,32,71, 104, Guthrie, W.K.C. 243, 245, 246, 248, Frick, P. 109 249 Friedlander, G. 265 Frohnhofen, H. 128 Haag, E. 152 Fuks, A. 71 Haas, L. 117 Fuks, L. 153 Hachlili, R. 96, 195 Fuks, R. 153 Hackett, J. 172 Hagner, D. 163 Gager, J.G. 35,282 Haidon, J.F. 223 Galling, K. 104 Hall, B.W. 146,148,149 Gamble, H.Y. 209,210 Hamilton, A. 155 García Martínez, F. 7, 67, 93 Hamonville, D.M. d' 63 Index of modern authors 343

Hansen, G.C. 18 Horsley, R.A. 20-21 Hanson, J.S. 20 Horst, P.W. van der 1-11, 26, 28, 32, Hargis, J.W. 181 33, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 47, 49, 59, 62, Harl, M. 66,225 63, 71, 73, 75, 77, 81-85, 90-95, 98, Harnack, A. (von) 182 103-5, 107, 108, 113, 116, 126, 139, Harrington, D.J. 147 143, 145, 190, 192, 207, 208, 225, 232, Harvey, A.E. 266 235, 240 Harvey, G. 76 Hospers-Jansen, A.M.A. 17 Hauser, A.J. 117 Howard, W. F. 161,165 Hay, D. 114 Hull, J.M. 274,275 Hayward, C.T.R. 69, 195 Humbert, J. 174 Heine, R. 133 Hunt, E.D. 102 Heine, S. 25 Hurst, A. 9, 190, 191 Heinemann, I. Ill Hussey, R. 18 Heinimann, F. 245 Hyman, N.M. 89, 121 Heitmüller, W. 284 Heitsch, E. 271 Isaac, B. 48 Helbing, R. 173 Hemelrijk, E.A. 229 Jackson, F. 168 Hempel, Ch. 126 Jacobs, L. 61 Hengel, M. 13,20,31, Jacobson, H. 20, 69, 194 Henrichs, A. 271 Jacoby, A. 276 Herion, G.A. 129 Jacoby, F. 247,248,249 Hermann, A. 53 James, M.R. 27 Herrmann, P. 54 Jamin, H. 155 Herzer, J. 142-143 Jannaris, A.N. 260, 261 Heubner, H. 17 Jeffreys, E. 55 Heurtebize, B. 152 Jeffreys, M. 55 Hezser, C. 84 Jellinek, A. 54 Hilgert, E. 114 Jensen, R.M. 196 Hi Ihorst, A. 10,224 Jeremias, J. 21,87, 91, 147 Hill, G. 28,29 Jocelyn, H.D. 236 Himmelfarb, M. 226 Johnson, E. 129 Hirschberg, H.Z. 17 Jones, S. 106 Hirschfeld, Y. 209 Juster, J. 20,34 Hirshman, M. 196 Hjelm, I. 134,140 Kahn, Ch. H. 242, 243, 245, 249 Hoenig, S.B. 267 Kaibel, G. 172 Hoffmann, R.J. 181 Kamesar, A. 66,70, 115, 116, 117 Hofmann, J.B. 252 Holladay, C.R. 14,116,146 Karlin-Hayter, P. 56 Holtz, B.W. 117 Kartveit, M. 141 Holtzmann, O. 88 Käsemann, E. 177 Holwerda, D. 177,179 Kasper, C. 221 Hölzer, V. 235,239 Kessels, A.H.M. 10,190,249 Hopfner, Th. 272,281 Kessler, E. 197 Horbury, W. 32,71,91,110,222,273, Kiley, M. 7 282 Kippenberg, H. 147, 148 Kirchbaum, E. 203 344 Index of modern authors

Klein, M. 68 Lesky, A. 243,244 Kleinknecht, H. 168 Leumann, M. 252 Kleve, K. 246 Lévi, I. 21 Knox, L.W. 273, 276, 277, 280, 283 Levine, L.I. 33,41,45 Koch, H. 131 Levinskaya, I. 6, 72 Koehler, L. 171 Lévy-Bruhl, I. 234 Koets, P.J. 229 Lewis, Ch. T. 252 Kolenkow, A. 276 Lewis, D.M. 71 Kondoleon, Ch. 55 Lewy, H. 273 Kooten, G.H. van 10 Lichtenberger, H. 8, 60 Korpel, M.C.A. 136 Lichtenstein, H. 147 Kotansky, R. 37-8, 39, 273, 279, 280, Lieberman, S. 91 282,284 Lifshitz, B. 6, 22-3, 32, 33, 47, 51, 71 Kraabel, A.T. 14, 27, 43, 46, 47, 48, 145 Lightstone, J.N. 91 Kraeling, C.H. 79, 195 Linder, A. 20, 222, 223, 224 Kraemer, R.S. 22, 25, 34, 73 Lipinski, E. 44 Kraft, R.A. 134 Livrea, E. 191 Krauss, S. 31,32,34,222,266 Lohmeier, E. 161 Kroll, J.H. 43, 47, 49, 51, 52, 72 Lohr, H. 7 Kropp, M. 272 Long, A.A. 228 Krueger, D. 209,212 Loosjes, J. 152 Küchler, M. 26 Louth, A. 69, 122, 123 Kugel, J.L. 7,67, 118-120, 125 Lucchesi Palli, E. 203 Kühner, R. 162,174,178 Lüderitz, G. 71 Kundert, L. 194 Luttikhuizen, G.P. 67,93 Kushnir-Stein, A. 102-3 Luz, U. 177

Labrousse, E. 152 Maas, P. 177 Lake, K. 168,172 Macdonald, J. 141 Lamberton, R. 115 Magen, Y. 139 Lambros, S. 236 Mäher, M. 68, 195 Lampe, G.W.H. 83,215,216 Maier, J. 67 Lankhorst, O.S. 153 Malherbe, AJ. 208 Larson, C.W. 113 Maltomini, F. 273 Latte, K. 177,179,180 Mansfeld, J. 123 Lawson, J.C. 235 Maraval, P. 18 Layton, B. 180 Marcus, R. 45, 120 Le Bohec, Y. 71 Marcus, S. 12 LeDeaut, R. 68 Martin, D.B. 229,231 Le Moyne, J. 148,267 Masaracchia, E. 181 Leander, P. 264 Maspéro, G. 282 Leclercq, H. 273 Matthews, E.G. 204 Leeuw, G. van der 234 Mazar, B. 71,87 Lefkowitz, M. 246 Me Arthur, H. 62 Leon, H.J. 71 McGowen, A. 233 Leonhardt, J. 46, 106 McKay, K.L. 161 Lerch, D. 196 McLean, B.H. 6 Leroy-Molinghen, A. 208 McNamara, M. 67 Index of modem authors 345

McVey, K. 208 Orcibal, J. 151 Méasson, A. 122 Osborn, E. 133 Meijer, P.A. 246 Meisterhans, K. 261 Panayotov, A. 22,71,73 Mélèze-Modrzejewski, J. 31,108 Parker, R. 231,245,246 Menken, M. 166 Parmentier, M.F.G. 9, 196 Mercier, Ch. 68, 120 Patrich, J. 9,209 Meredith, A. 181 Pearce, S. 106 Meyer, M. 279,281,284 Pearson, B.W.R. 225 Michel, O. 177 Pease, A.S. 247 Millar, F. 12,28,44,104, Pelletier, A. 108 Milligan, G. 239 Perichon, P. 18 Miranda, E. 72 Perrot, Ch. 92 Mirecki, P. 279,281,284 Pesch, R. 16 Mirsky, M.J. 226 Petit, F. 114,204 Mitchell, S. 35,74 Popkin, R.H. 155 Mitford, T.B. 28, 32, 33, 34, 35 Porter, F.C. 59-61 Mittmann-Richert, U. 4 Porter, S.E. 225 Monier-Williams, M. 252 Porton, G. 117 Montgomery, J.A. 145 Powell, J.E. 259 Moore, G.F. 60-2,266,267 Pradel, F. 234,239 Mor, M. 229 Preisendanz, K. 269,276,281 Morabito, V. 141 Preisigke, F. 257,263 Mortari, L. 206 Preuschen, E. 172,173 Moulton, J.H. 161,165,239 Price, J. 86 Mussies, G. 4, 17,50 Price, R.M. 206 Pulleyn, S. 110 Naveh, J. 283 Pummer, R. 14, 38, 134, 139, 140, 145, Negelein, J. von 234 154, 224 Nestle, W. 101, 172, 243, 244, 245, 246, Purvis, J.D. 134,136,140 247, 248, 249 Newman, J.H. 7 Rabello, A.M. 20 Nickelsburg, G.W.E.134 Radt, S. 180 Niebuhr, K.-W. 5,9 Rahmani, L.Y. 72,96 Niggemeyer, J.-H. 273 Rajak, T. 46,48,52 Nikiprowetzky, V. 110,111,114 Ramsey, B. 208 Nilsson, M.P. 235, 237, 246 Regnault, L. 208 Nobbs, A. 30 Rehkopf, F. 161 Nock, A.D. 93,270,271,279 Reifenberg, A. 28,31,32,34 Noethlichs, K. 32,222 Reinink, G.J. 224 Noy, D. 22, 23, 37, 40, 50, 71-86, 104 Reland, A. 155 Nystrom, B. 23 Rengstorf, K.H. 230 Reverdin, O. 190 Odeberg, H. 124 Rey-Coquais, J.-P. 54 Oegema, G.S. 4 Reynolds, J. 48,54,81 Olsson, B. 106 Riedweg, C. 248 Onians, R.B. 167-8 Rinaldi, G. 181 Oppenheimer, A. 48 Rist, J.M. 228 346 Index of modern authors

Rist, M. 272 Segonds, A.-Ph. 216 Rizzo, S. 181 Seligsohn, M. 18 Robert, L. 24,43,47,50-1 Shaked, Sh. 283 Robertson, A.T. 161 Shanks, H. 88 Rochholz, E.L. 234 Sharf, A. 56,223 Romero Pose, E. 208 Sherif, M. 57-8 Rompay, L. van 199 Short, Ch. 252 Roscher, W.H. 237, 238, 267 Silver, A.H. 19 Roth, L. 29,78 Silvera, M. 152 Roueche, Ch. 54,57-8,82 Simon, M. 20,35,221,224 Rowlands, E.C. 251 Simon, R. 154 Rubinkiewicz, R. 273 Simonsohn, S. 37 Rudhardt, J. 9, 190, 191 Sirinjan, M. 18 Ruiten, J.T.A.G.M. 67 Sjöberg, E. 129 Runesson, A. 106 Skard, E. 177,179 Runia, D.T. 5, 114, 120, 125, 130, 132, Skarsten, R. 114 133,243 Sly, D. 123 Smallwood, M. 29,31,36 Saffrey, H.D. 216 Smelik, K.A.D. 229 Safrai, S. 12 Smith, A. 115,182 Saldarini, A.J. 62 Smith, M. 39,46,91,268,272,278-9, Salvesen, A. 123 280, 282 Sander-Hansen, C.E. 263 Smith, M.F. 85, 227, 229, 233 Sanders, I.F. 12,25,26 Snell, B. 242 Satran, D. 10,90,91 Solin, H. 23 Sauer, G. 129 Somolinos, J.R. 229 Sawyer, J.F.A. 209 Sperber, A. 68 Schäfer, P. 8, 10, 85, 108, 230, 232, 283 Speyart van Woerden, I. 196 Schechter, S. 59-61 Speyer, W. 101 Schenkl, H. 178 Spicq, C. 16,229 Schermann, Th. 283 Spiegel, S. 195 Schiffman, L.H. 136, 147, 149, 150 Stählin, G. 129 Schmid, W. 244,249 Stählin, O. 244 Schmidt, F. 179 Stanton, G.N. 110 Schnabel, E.J. 50 Starr, J. 32,58 Schneider, G. 16 Stein, E. 206 Schreckenberg, H. 32,216,222 Stemberger, G. 19,117,148 Schürer, E. 12, 31, 42, 274, 277 Stemplinger, E. 235 Schwabe, M. 71 Sterling, G.E. 5,64,98,114 Schwartz, D. 99, 100, 102, 103 Stern, D. 226 Schwartz, E. 206,207,213 Stern, E. 139 Schwarzfuchs, S. 21 Stern, M. 12,14,17,23,29,31,35,42, Schwemer, A.M. 31,90, 179 71,230 Schwyzer, E. 174,253,261 Stiegmann, E. 59,62,65 Scott, R. 55 Stolte, B.H. 224 Seager, A.R. 43 Stone, M.E. 46 Sedley, D.N. 228 Stratos, A.N. 223 Segal, A.F. 195 Stroumsa, G.G. 110 Index of modern authors 347

Swetnam, J. 195 Wagenaar, W.A. 58 Swidler, L. 26 Wander, B. 48 Szantyr, A. 252 Washburn, D.L. 118 Watson, D.F. 117 Tabory, J. 5,8, 113 Weinberger, L.J. 21 Tal, A. 154 Wendt, H.H. 173 Tannenbaum, R. 48,54,81 Wessely, C. 270 Tardieu, M. 273 Wevers, J.W. 225 Tcherikover, V.A. 14,22,71 White, L.M. 178 Terian, A. 114 Wigoder, G. 117 Tevel, J.M. 198,202 Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von 162 Thomsen, P. 206 Wilckens, U. 176 Thornhill, R. 142 Wilken, R. 181,226 Thraede, K. 283 Wilkinson, J. 92 Thum, J. 55 Williams, M.H. 55, 72, 77, 86 Tiede, D.L. 21 Williamson, R. 98 Till, W.C. 262 Wineland, J.D. 44 Tonneau, R.M. 204 Winiarczyk, M. 243, 246, 247, 248, Tournay, R. 146 249 Tozzer, A.M. 251 Winston, D. 64, 131 Trafton, J.L. 67 Winter, B.W. 98 Trebilco, P.R. 43,44,51,233 Winton Thomas, D. 239 Turner, N. 161 Wolff, H.W. 44 Wünsch, R. 282 Unger, D.J. 180 Unnik, W.C. van 2 Yadin, Y. 87 Untersteiner, M. 243, 244 Yardeni, M. 154,155 Urbach, E.E. 20,59, 121 Zahn, Th. 177,186 Van der Horst, see Horst, van der Zamagni, C. 4 VanderKam, J.C. 126 Zangenberg, J. 137, 140, 141, 144, 146, Verdenius, W.J. 168 147 Vermes, G. 12,195 Zeller, D. 124 Versnel, H. 246 Zgusta, L. 80 Ville-Patlagean, E. 54 Zimmermann, B. 243 Vögeli, A. 172 Zwi Werblowski, R.J. 20,117 Volgers, A. 4 Voste, J.-M. 199 Index of names and subjects

120 years 66-70 Asia Minor 80-85 Abraham 190-205,209 Asima 157 Abu'l Fath 155 assumptions (in Jewish exegesis) 118-20 accommodation 131 Assyrians 135 acrostichon 191 atheism 242-249 Acts of the Apostles 98-105 Adam 122 Bar Kochba war 229 additive numerals 250-68 Barnabas 30 afterlife 93-7 Basilius of Seleucia 198,202 Agrippa I 30,99-103 Basnage, Jacques 151 -160 air 96-7, 275 Bayle, Pierre 151-2 'al tiqre 123 beach (worship on the) 106-7 Alexander the Great 138-9 Beliar 141-2 Alexandria 99-105 Belkira 141 allusions 211-2 Benjamin of Tudela 42, 157 alphabet 273 Beth Alpha 195 alter ego 234-5 biblical interpretation 116-20 Amidah 113 biblical quotes 206-15 amulets 39^10, 85 blowing 167-175 anagnostes 84 Blues 53-8,79 Anastasius Sinaita 224 Bodmer papyri 190 anthropomorphism 128-33 bouleutai 49 anti-Christian polemics 181-9 breathing 167-175 anti-Jewish polemics 216-26, 227-33 bridal chamber 196 Antioch 55 Antiochus III 44 Caecilius of Calacte 42 apenthesia 82 Cain 123^t Aphrodisias 46,48,81-2, Caligula 99-103 Aphrodite 282 cannibalism 231-2 Apollinaris 186 Cassian 208 apopyrgizein 248 Celsus 185 apple 203^1 Chalcedon, Council of 223 Aqedah 191 charms 271 Aqiva 147 Clip 86 Aquila 39, 223 Cinesias 246 Aramaic 124 circus factions 53-8 archisynagogos 25,33,81 Cleopatra III 29 Aristophanes 246 Cnossos 14, 145 Ashera 240 condescensio 131 Index of names and subjects 349 corpse impurity 240 evil inclination 59-65 Crete 12-27 exodus 21 Critias 243-9 exorcism 273-8,280^1 cryptic nature of the Bible 118 Cyprus 28-36,78 fear (in divine pedagogy) 132-3 Cyrene 232 Felix 29 Cyril of Scythopolis 206-215 fence around the Torah 121-2, 264-8 Flaccus 99 Daphne 55 Flood 66-70 David 213 forty less one 266-8 death, two kinds of 120 freedmen 103, 105 Deborah 89-91 deisidaimon 85,229-31 Garizim (Mount) 14,142-4,156 Delos 145 Genesis 207-9 Demetrius (the chronographer) 115-6 genitive 172^1 Democritus 246 Ge'ula 113 demon 63 goat 203^1 demonic possession 273-8, 280^4 Godfearers 48-9 Diagoras 245, 247-9 grain transport 102-3 diakonos 79 Greens 53-8 dignum deo 129,130 Gregory of Nyssa 202 Dike 107 Gregory the Great 41 Diogenes of Oenoanda 85, 227-233 disputations 222 Hades 96-7 divine authorship 119 hand of God 195,203 Doctrina Jacobi 56 hands (stretched out in prayer) 110 Dorotheus 190 hazzan 79 Drusilla 29 hebraïkê 33^1, 78 Dura Europos 79-80 hebraïkos logos 273-9,281 Hebrew 37, 40, 47, 75-6, 105, 272 Ebal 146 Hekhalot 277 Egypt 269, 280, 282 Henri IV 151 Egyptians 229 heptamyxion 50 elements 112 Heraclius 32, 223 elpizein 95 Herman van der Horst 83 enemies of God 100-1 hermeneutics 214-5 Enoch 125-6 Herod the Great 29, 87 Entolios 34 Hesiod 129 Ephraim the Syrian 156, 204 hiereus 49 Epicurus 85, 130, 227-9 Hierocles 185 Epimenides 16 Historia monachorum 207 epitaphs 37-8 historiola 275,281,283^1 eros 63 Homer 115,129 erotapokriseis 114-6 houtôs 176-180 eschatology 95 Huguenots 151-3 Euripides 246 Huldah 87-92 Euthymius 211 hyena 235-6 Eve 120-2 hymns 271 350 Index of names and subjects

Iao 271, 272, 273 magic bowls 283 idolatry 142-4, 148-9, 158 magical papyri 269-284 image of God 59, 64 magicians 29, 30, 34-5, 269-284 inscriptions 13-4, 22-6, 32-4, 37-9, malicious pleasure 110-1 47-52, 54, 71-86, 145, 227-233 Manetho 231 intergroup relations 57-8 manumission 77 intermarriage 76, 139—40 Marcianus 223 Isaac 190-205 Marinus of Neapolis 157 Isaiah 141,207-8 Marnas 17 Isho'dad of Merv 199 Marranos 223 Matthew 207-9 Jephtha's daughter 194 Mediterranean Sea 102-3 Jeremiah 89, 142, 276 mellopresbyteros 76 Jerusalem 148,277 Menasseh ben Israel 154 Jesus 274 menorah 50 Jewish magic 278-9 messianic impostors 18-21 Jewishness (of inscriptions) 22, 73, 74 Messianism 18-21 Joel 273 Methodius 186 Josephus 137-140 metrical epitaphs 84 Judah ha-Nasi 148 miaros 231-3 Julian (the Emperor) 116, 185 midday hour, fear of 237 Julius Africanus 69 millenarianism 154 Julius Caesar 45 Mishnah 223 Justinian 223 mnema 81 monotropos 215 kephalaia 216 mosaics (in synagogues) 195 Kidron Valley 88 Moschus, Johannes 224 King of the gods 112 Moses (as a Jewish name) 77 Kuthim 134, 136, 148-9 Moses 126,132,141,272 lamellae 271 names of synagogues 103-5 Latin 40 Nantes, Edict of 151 laura 214 navigation 102-3 lector 84 ner tamid 277 Leontii 50-1,83 Nero 156 Leontius of Neapolis 32 nomina barbara 272 Levite 85 nomophylakion 47-8, 83 libraries 209 normative count 264 lion proselytes 137 numerals 250-68 lions 50-1 liturgical poetry (Jewish) 224 Oenoanda 85 Louis XIV 151 omnisignificance of the Bible 119 Luke 98-107 Origen 186 lungs 167-8 ossuaria 96 Lykaion, Mount 237-8 Palladius 208 Macarius of Magnesia 181-9 particles (Greek) 94 magic 269-284 patellas 82 Index of names and subjects 351

Patriarchs 37,209 revolt of 115-117 31 persecution 99-101 Rome 19,45,102-3,104 Pharaoh 280-3 Pharisees 276, 278 Sabaoth 276 philargyria 82 Sabas 207-14 Philistines 17 sabbath 37,267-8 Philo 98-133 Sacrifice of Isaac 190-205 Photius 224 sacrifices 46, 49 Phylactery of Moses 39-40 Sadducees 148 piafraus 133 Salamis (at Cyprus) 30, 31 pilgrimage 92 Samaritan Chronicles 156,157 Plato 115,130,132,243 Samaritans 13-4, 38-9, 41, 75, 76, 78, 81, Plutarch 130 134-160, 224 pneó 167-175 Sambathion 23 pneuma alalon 275 Sarah 192-3, 198-200 pogrom 99, 108 Sarapion 13-4 polytheism 112 Sardis 43-52, 83^1 Porphyry 116,185-7 Schadenfreude 110-1 prayer 108-113 scholastikos 76 presbytera 25, 81 sea (worship near the) 106-7 pres by teros 38, 41, 49, 81 Seal of Solomon 276 principles of exegesis 118-20 seat-markers 54 Prodicus 246 Sefer Zerubbabel 226 pronoia 48, 83 Sepharad 44 prophetesses 88-9 Septuagint 223 prophets 89-90, 141 sexual desire 59-65 Protagoras 245,246 seyag la- Torah 121, 264—8 Prounikios 82 shadow 234—41 providence 48, 109-110, 113 Shield of Abraham 113 Psalms 207-210 Shimon ben Gamliel 147 Pseudo-Eupolemos 145-6 Shomea' Tefillah 113 Pseudo-Phocylides 93-97 Sicily 37^42 Ptah 275 sign of Cain 124—5 Simon the Maccabee 28 Ptolemy VI 12,13 Sisyphus 244 Ptolemy IX 29 snorting 167-175 purity 106, 139^10, 143 Socrates 243,245 Puteoli 102 Solomon 54, 272, 276 Sophia (of Gortyn) 25-6 quaestiones literature 114-6 Sophists 245 quotations 206-211 sophodidaskalos 49 Sophronius 31 rabbinic exegesis 116-120 soul 96 rabbis 32-3, 116-126, 146-150,240 spirit 96 Red Sea 280-3 Reds 53 spiritual death 120 Reland, Adriaan 155 Stobi 75 religion, invention of 242 subtractive numerals 250-268 resurrection 94-6 superstition 229-31 352 Index of names and subjects synagogues 41,43,46-7, 103-6 trading vessels 102-3 synkatabasis 131 trees, shadow of 238-9 Synod of the Oak 183 Syria 78-80 Valens 184 Vision of Dorotheus 190-1 tacha 95 vital power 234 Tacitus 232 Voltaire 152 Temple 87-8 water (worship near) 106-7 temple, Samaritan 138-9, 144-6, 147 Tetragrammaton 273 Whites 53 Theodoret of Cyrrus 207 women 25-6, 123 Theodorus of Cyrene 247 wrath (God's) 128-33 Theodosius II 19 Xenophanes 129 theomachos 101 theophoric names 14 yetser hara' 59-65 theoprepes 129-30 yetser tov 59-65 Theos Hypsistos 35, 76 Thucydides 246 Zeno (emperor) 55 tombs (of biblical persons) 87-92 Zerubbabel 226 Torah 50,51,61 zetemata 115 Torah-shrine 51, 83 Zeus Cretagenes 17 Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament Alphabetical Index of the First and Second Series

Ädna, Jostein: Jesu Stellung zum Tempel. - Volume II 1997. Volume 91. 2000. Volume II/l 19. Bash, Anthony: Ambassadors for Christ. 1997. Ädna, Jostein (Ed.): The Formation of the Volume 11/92. Early Church. 2005. Volume 183. Bauernfeind, Otto: Kommentar und Studien - and Kvalbein, Hans (Ed.): The Mission of zur Apostelgeschichte. 1980. Volume 22. the Early Church to Jews and Gentiles. Baum, Armin Daniel: Pseudepigraphie und 2000. Volume 127. literarische Fälschung im frühen Christen- Alkier, Stefan: Wunder und Wirklichkeit in tum. 2001. Volume 11/138. den Briefen des Apostels Paulus. 2001. Bayer, Hans Friedrich: Jesus' Predictions of Volume 134. Vindication and Resurrection. 1986. Anderson, Paul N.: The Christology of the Volume 11/20. Fourth Gospel. 1996. Volume 11/78. Becker, Eve-Marie and Peter Pilhofer (Ed.): Appold, MarkL.: The Oneness Motif in the Biographie und Persönlichkeit des Paulus. Fourth Gospel. 1976. Volume II/L 2005. Volume 187. Arnold, Clinton E.: The Colossian Becker, Michael: Wunder und Wundertäter Syncretism. 1995. Volume 11/77. im früh-rabbinischen Judentum. 2002. Ascough, RichardS.: Paul's Macedonian Volume 11/144. Associations. 2003. Volume 11/161. Becker, Michael and Markus Ohler (Ed.): Asiedu-Peprah, Martin: Johannine Sabbath Apokalyptik als Herausforderung neutesta- Conflicts As Juridical Controversy. 2001. mentlicher Theologie. 2006. Volume 194. Volume 11/132. Bell, Richard H.: The Irrevocable Call of God. Avemarie, Friedrich: Die Tauferzählungen der 2005. Volume 184. Apostelgeschichte. 2002. Volume 139. - No One Seeks for God. 1998. Volume 106. Avemarie, Friedrich and Hermann - Provoked to Jealousy. 1994. Volume 11/63. Lichtenberger (Ed.): Auferstehung - Bennema, Cornells: The Power of Saving Ressurection. 2001. Volume 135. Wisdom. 2002. Volume 11/148. - Bund und Tora. 1996. Volume 92. Bergman, Jan: see Kieffer, René Baarlink, Heinrich: Verkündigtes Heil. 2004. Bergmeier, Roland: Das Gesetz im Römerbrief Volume 168. und andere Studien zum Neuen Testament. Bachmann, Michael: Sünder oder Übertreter. 2000. Volume 121. 1992. Volume 59. Betz, Otto: Jesus, der Messias Israels. 1987. Bachmann, Michael (Ed.): Lutherische Volume 42. und Neue Paulusperspektive. 2005. - Jesus, der Herr der Kirche. 1990. Volume 52. Volume 182. Beyschlag, Karlmann: Simon Magus und die Back, Frances: Verwandlung durch Offenba- christliche Gnosis. 1974. Volume 16. rung bei Paulus. 2002. Volume 11/153. Bittner, Wolfgang J.: Jesu Zeichen im Johan- Baker, William R.: Personal Speech-Ethics in nesevangelium. 1987. Volume 11/26. the Epistle of James. 1995. Volume U/68. Bjerkelund, CarlJ. : Tauta Egeneto. 1987. Bakke, OddMagne: 'Concord and Peace'. Volume 40. 2001. Volume 11/143. Blackburn, Barry Lee: Theios Ane- r and the Baldwin, Matthew C.: Whose Acts of Peter? Markan Miracle Traditions. 1991. 2005. Volume 11/196. Volume U/40. Balla, Peter: Challenges to New Testament Bock, Darrel! L.: Blasphemy and Exaltation in Theology. 1997. Volume 11/95. Judaism and the Final Examination of Je- - The Child-Parent Relationship in the New sus. 1998. Volume 11/106. Testament and its Environment. 2003. Bockmuehl, Markus N.A.: Revelation and Volume 155. Mystery in Ancient Judaism and Pauline Bammel, Ernst: Judaica. Volume I 1986. Christianity. 1990. Volume 11/36. Volume 37. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

B0e, Sverre: Gog and Magog. 2001. Classen, Carl Joachim: Rhetorical Criticsm of Volume 11/135. the New Testament. 2000. Volume 128. Böhlig, Alexander: Gnosis und Synkretismus. Colpe, Carsten: Iranier-Aramäer-Hebräer- Volume 1 1989. Volume 47- Volume 2 Hellenen. 2003. Volume 154. 1989. Volume 48. Crump, David: Jesus the Intercessor. 1992. Böhm, Martina: Samarien und die Samaritai Volume 11/49. bei Lukas. 1999. Volume U/111. Dahl, Nils Alstrup: Studies in Ephesians. 2000. Böttrich, Christfried: Weltweisheit - Mensch- Volume 131. heitsethik - Urkult. 1992. Volume 11/50. Deines, Roland: Die Gerechtigkeit der Tora Bolyki, Jânos: Jesu Tischgemeinschaften. im Reich des Messias. 2004. Volume 177. 1997. Volume 11/96. - Jüdische Steingefäße und pharisäische Bosman, Philip: Conscience in Philo and Frömmigkeit. 1993. Volume 11/52. Paul. 2003. Volume 11/166. - Die Pharisäer. 1997. Volume 101. Bovon, François: Studies in Early Christiani- Deines, Roland and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr ty. 2003. Volume 161. (Ed.): Philo und das Neue Testament. Brocke, Christoph vom: Thessaloniki - Stadt 2004. Volume 172. des Kassander und Gemeinde des Paulus. Dettwiler, Andreas and Jean Zumstein (Ed.): 2001. Volume 11/125. Kreuzestheologie im Neuen Testament. Brunson, Andrew: Psalm 118 in the Gospel of 2002. Volume 151. John. 2003. Volume 11/158. Dickson, John P: Mission-Commitment in Btichli, Jörg: Der Poimandres - ein pagani- Ancient Judaism and in the Pauline siertes Evangelium. 1987. Volume 11/27. Communities. 2003. Volume II/l59. Bühner, Jan A.: Der Gesandte und sein Weg im Dietzfelbinger, Christian: Der Abschied des 4. Evangelium. 1977. Volume 11/2. Kommenden. 1997. Volume 95. Burchard, Christoph: Untersuchungen zu Jo- Dimitrov, Ivan Z., James D.G. Dunn, Ulrich seph und Aseneth. 1965. Volume 8. Luz and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr (Ed.): Das - Studien zur Theologie, Sprache und Um- Alte Testament als christliche Bibel in or- welt des Neuen Testaments. Ed. by D. Sän- thodoxer und westlicher Sicht. 2004. ger. 1998. Volume 107. Volume 174. Burnett, Richard: Karl Barth's Theological Dobbeler, Axel von: Glaube als Teilhabe. 1987. Exegesis. 2001. Volume H/145. Volume 11/22. Byron, John: Slavery Metaphors in Early Dryden, J. de Waal: Theology and Ethics in 1 Judaism and Pauline Christianity. 2003. Peter. 2006. Volume H/209. Volume 11/162. Du Toit, DavidS.: Theios Anthropos. 1997. Byrskog, Samuel: Story as History - History Volume U/91. as Story. 2000. Volume 123. Dübbers, Michael: Christologie und Existenz Cancik, Hubert (Ed.): Markus-Philologie. im Kolosserbrief. 2005. Volume U/191. 1984. Volume 33. Dunn, James D.G.: The New Perspective on Capes, David B. : Old Testament Yaweh Texts Paul. 2005. Volume 185. in Paul's Christology. 1992. Volume 11/47. Dunn, James D.G. (Ed.): Jews and Christians. Caragounis, Chrys C.: The Development of 1992. Volume 66. Greek and the New Testament. 2004. - Paul and the Mosaic Law. 1996. Volume 89. Volume 167. - see Dimitrov, Ivan Z. - The Son of Man. 1986. Volume 38. -, Hans Klein, Ulrich Luz and Vasile Mihoc - see Fridrichsen, Anton. (Ed.): Auslegung der Bibel in orthodoxer und Carleton Paget, James: The Epistle of westlicher Perspektive. 2000. Volume 130. Barnabas. 1994. Volume 11/64. Ebel, Eva: Die Attraktivität früher christli- Carson, D.A., O 'Brien, Peter T. and Mark cher Gemeinden. 2004. Volume U/178. Seifrid (Ed.): Justification and Variegated Ebertz, Michael N.: Das Charisma des Gekreu- Nomism. zigten. 1987. Volume 45. Volume l:The Complexities of Second Eckstein, Hans-Joachim: Der Begriff Temple Judaism. 2001. Volume 11/140. Syneidesis bei Paulus. 1983. Volume 11/10. Volume 2: The Paradoxes of Paul. 2004. - Verheißung und Gesetz. 1996. Volume 86. Volume 11/181. Ego, Beate: Im Himmel wie auf Erden. 1989. Ciampa, Roy E.: The Presence and Function Volume II/34. of Scripture in Galatians 1 and 2. 1998. Ego, Beate, Armin Lange and Peter Pilhofer Volume 11/102. (Ed.): Gemeinde ohne Tempel - Commu- nity without Temple. 1999. Volume 118. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

- and Helmut Merkel (Ed.): Religiöses Ler- Freyne, Sean: Galilee and Gospel. 2000. nen in der biblischen, frühjüdischen und Volume 125. früh-christlichen Überlieferung. 2005. Fridrichsen, Anton: Exegetical Writings. Volume 180. Edited by C.C. Caragounis and T. Fornberg. Eisen, Ute E.: see Paulsen, Henning. 1994. Volume 76. Elledge, C.D. : Life after Death in Early Gackle, Volker: Die Starken und die Schwachen Judaism. 2006. Volume U/208. in Korinth und in Rom. 2005. Volume 200. Ellis, E. Earle: Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Garlington, Don B.: 'The Obedience of Early Christianity. 1978. Volume 18. Faith'. 1991. Volume 11/38. - The Old Testament in Early Christianity. - Faith, Obedience, and Perseverance. 1994. 1991. Volume 54. Volume 79. Endo, Masanobu: Creation and Christology. Garnet, Paul: Salvation and Atonement in the 2002. Volume 149. Qumran Scrolls. 1977. Volume 11/3. Ennulat, Andreas: Die 'Minor Agreements'. Gemünden, Petra von (Ed.): see Weissenrieder, 1994. Volume 11/62. Annette. Ensor, Peter W.: Jesus and His 'Works'. 1996. Gese, Michael: Das Vermächtnis des Apostels. Volume 11/85. 1997. Volume 11/99. Eskola, Timo: Messiah and the Throne. 2001. Gheorghita, Radu: The Role of the Septua- Volume 11/142. gint in Hebrews. 2003. Volume 11/160. - Theodicy and Predestination in Pauline Grübe, Petrus J.: The Power of God in Paul's Soteriology. 1998. Volume 11/100. Letters. 2000. Volume 11/123. Fatehi, Mehrdad: The Spirit's Relation to the Gräßer, Erich: Der Alte Bund im Neuen. 1985. Risen Lord in Paul. 2000. Volume 11/128. Volume 35. Feldmeier, Reinhard: Die Krisis des Gottes- - Forschungen zur Apostelgeschichte. 2001. sohnes. 1987. Volume 11/21. Volume 137. - Die Christen als Fremde. 1992. Volume 64. Green, Joel B.: The Death of Jesus. 1988. Feldmeier, Reinhard and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): Volume 11/33. Die Heiden. 1994. Volume 70. Gregg, Brian Han: The Historical Jesus and Fletcher-Louis, Crispin H.T.: Luke-Acts: An- the Final Judgment Sayings in Q. 2005. gels, Christology and Soteriology. 1997. Volume 11/207. Volume 11/94. Gregory, Andrew: The Reception of Luke and Förster, Niclas: Marcus Magus. 1999. Acts in the Period before Irenaeus. 2003. Volume 114. Volume 11/169. Forbes, Christopher Brian: Prophecy and Grindheim, Sigurd: The Crux of Election. Inspired Speech in Early Christianity and 2005. Volume 11/202. its Hellenistic Environment. 1995. Gundry, Robert H.: The Old is Better. 2005. Volume 11/75. Volume 178. Fornberg, Tord: see Fridrichsen, Anton. Gundry Volf, Judith M.: Paul and Persever- Fossum, Jarl E. : The Name of God and the ance. 1990. Volume 11/37. Angel of the Lord. 1985. Volume 36. Häußer, Detlef: Christusbekenntnis und Jesus- Foster, Paul: Community, Law and Mission in überlieferung bei Paulus. 2006. Volume 210. Matthew's Gospel. Volume 11/177. Hafemann, Scott J.: Suffering and the Spirit. Fotopoulos, John: Food Offered to Idols in 1986. Volume 11/19. Roman Corinth. 2003. Volume 11/151. - Paul, Moses, and the History of Israel. Frenschkowski, Marco: Offenbarung und 1995. Volume 81. Epiphanie. Volume 1 1995. Volume 11/79- Hahn, Ferdinand: Studien zum Neuen Testa- Volume 2 1997. Volume 11/80. ment. Volume I: Grundsatzfragen, Jesus- Frey, Jörg: Eugen Drewermann und die bibli- forschung, Evangelien. 2006. Volume 191. sche Exegese. 1995. Volume 11/71. - Volume II: Bekenntnisbildung und Theolo- - Die johanneische Eschatologie. Volume I. gie in urchristlicher Zeit. 2006. Volume 192. 1997. Volume 96. - Volume II. 1998. Hahn, Johannes (Ed.): Zerstörungen des Jeru- Volume 110. - Volume III. 2000. Volume 117. salemer Tempels. 2002. Volume 147. Frey, Jörg and Udo Schnelle (Ed.): Kontexte Hamid-Khani, Saeed: Relevation and Con- des Johannesevangeliums. 2004. Volume 175. cealment of Christ. 2000. Volume U/120. - and Jens Schröter (Ed.): Deutungen des Hannah, Darrel D.: Michael and Christ. 1999. Todes Jesu im Neuen Testament. 2005. Volume 11/109. Volume 181. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Harrison; James R.: Paul's Language of Grace Hoegen-Rohls, Christina: Der nachösterliche in Its Graeco-Roman Context. 2003. Johannes. 1996. Volume 11/84. Volume 11/172. Hoffmann, Matthias Reinhard: The Destro- Hartman, Lars: Text-Centered New Testa- yer and the Lamb. 2005. Volume 11/203. ment Studies. Ed. von D. Hellholm. 1997. Hofius, Otfried: Katapausis. 1970. Volume 11. Volume 102. - Der Vorhang vor dem Thron Gottes. 1972. Hartog, Paul: Polycarp and the New Testa- Volume 14. ment. 2001. Volume 11/134. - Der Christushymnus Philipper 2,6-11. Heckel, TheoK.: Der Innere Mensch. 1993. 1976,21991. Volume 17. Volume 11/53. - Paulusstudien. 1989,21994. Volume 51. - Vom Evangelium des Markus zum vierge- - Neutestamentliche Studien. 2000. staltigen Evangelium. 1999. Volume 120. Volume 132. Heckel, Ulrich: Kraft in Schwachheit. 1993. - Paulusstudien II. 2002. Volume 143. Volume II/56. - and Hans-Christian Kammler: - Der Segen im Neuen Testament. 2002. Johannesstudien. 1996. Volume 88. Volume 150. Holtz, Traugott: Geschichte und Theologie des - see Feldmeier, Reinhard. Urchristentums. 1991. Volume 57. - see Hengel, Martin. Hommel, Hildebrecht: Sebasmata. Volume 1 Heiligenthal, Roman: Werke als Zeichen. 1983. Volume 31 - Volume 2 1984. 1983. Volume 11/9. Volume 32. Hellholm, D. : see Hartman, Lars. Horbury, William: Herodian Judaism and New Hemer, Colin J.: The Book of Acts in the Testament Study. 2006. Volume 193. Setting of Hellenistic History. 1989. Horst, Pieter W. van der: Jews and Christians in Volume 49. Their Graeco-Roman Context. 2006. Hengel, Martin: Judentum und Hellenismus. Volume 196. 1969, M988. Volume 10. Hvalvik, Reidar: The Struggle for Scripture - Die johanneische Frage. 1993. Volume 67. and Covenant. 1996. Volume 11/82. - Judaica et Hellenistica. Jauhiainen, Marko: The Use of Zechariah in Kleine Schriften I. 1996. Volume 90. Revelation. 2005. Volume 11/199. - Judaica, Hellenistica et Christiana. Johns, Loren L.: The Lamb Christology of the Kleine Schriften II. 1999. Volume 109. Apocalypse of John. 2003. Volume 11/167. - Paulus und Jakobus. Joubert, Stephan: Paul as Benefactor. 2000. Kleine Schriften III. 2002. Volume 141. Volume 11/124. - and Anna Maria Schwemer: Paulus zwi- Jungbauer, Harry: „Ehre Vater und Mutter". schen Damaskus und Antiochien. 1998. 2002. Volume 11/146. Volume 108. Kühler, Christoph: Jesu Gleichnisse als Poesie - Der messianische Anspruch Jesu und und Therapie. 1995. Volume 78. die Anfänge der Christologie. 2001. Kamiah, Ehrhard: Die Form der Volume 138. katalogischen Paränese im Neuen Testa- Hengel, Martin and Ulrich Heckel (Ed.): ment. 1964. Volume 7. Paulus und das antike Judentum. 1991. Kammler, Hans-Christian: Christologie und Volume 58. Eschatologie. 2000. Volume 126. - and Hermut Lohr (Ed.): Schriftauslegung - Kreuz und Weisheit. 2003. Volume 159. im antiken Judentum und im Urchristen- - see Hofius, Otfried. tum. 1994. Volume 73. Kelhoffer, James A.: The Diet of John the - and Anna Maria Schwemer (Ed.): Königs- Baptist. 2005. Volume 176. herrschaft Gottes und himm-lischer Kult. - Miracle and Mission. 1999. Volume 11/112. 1991. Volume 55. Kieffer, René and Jan Bergman (Ed.) \ La Main - Die Septuaginta. 1994. Volume 72. de Dieu/Die Hand Gottes. 1997. Volume 94. -, Siegfried Mittmann and Anna Maria Kim, Seyoon: The Origin of Paul's Gospel. Schwemer (Ed.): La Cité de Dieu / Die Stadt 1981,21984. Volume 11/4. Gottes. 2000. Volume 129. - Paul and the New Perspective. 2002. Herrenbrück, Fritz: Jesus und die Zöllner. Volume 140. 1990. Volume II/41. - "The 'Son of Man'" as the Son of God. Herzer, Jens: Paulus oder Petrus? 1998. 1983. Volume 30. Volume 103. Klauck, Hans-Josef: Religion und Gesellschaft Hill, Charles E. : From the Lost Teaching of im frühen Christentum. 2003. Volume 152. Polycarp. 2005. Volume 186. Klein, Hans: see Dunn, James D G. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Kleinknecht, Karl Th.: Der leidende Gerecht- Lau, Andrew: Manifest in Flesh. 1996. fertigte. 1984,21988. Volume 11/13. Volume II/86. Klinghardt, Matthias: Gesetz und Volk Gottes. Lawrence, Louise: An Ethnography of the 1988. Volume 11/32. Gospel of Matthew. 2003. Volume 11/165. Kloppenborg, John S.: The Tenants in the Lee, Aquila H.I.: From Messiah to Preexistent Vineyard. 2006. Volume 195. Son. 2005. Volume 11/192. Koch, Michael: Drachenkampf und Sonnen- Lee, Pilchan: The New Jerusalem in the Book frau. 2004. Volume II/I84. of Relevation. 2000. Volume 11/129. Koch, Stefan: Rechtliche Regelung von Kon- Lichtenberger, Hermann: Das Ich Adams und flikten im frühen Christentum. 2004. das Ich der Menschheit. 2004. Volume 164. Volume U/174. - see Avemarie, Friedrich. Köhler, Wolf-Dietrich: Rezeption des Lierman, John: The New Testament Moses. Matthäusevangeliums in der Zeit vor 2004. Volume 11/173. Irenäus. 1987. Volume II/24. Lieu, Samuel N.C.: Manichaeism in the Later Köhn, Andreas: Der Neutestamentier Ernst Roman Empire and Medieval China. Lohmeyer. 2004. Volume U/180. 21992. Volume 63. Kooten, George H. van. Cosmic Christology Lindgárd, Fredrik: Paul's Line of Thought in in Paul and the Pauline School. 2003. 2 Corinthians 4:16-5:10. 2004. Volume 11/171. Volume 11/189. Korn, Manfred: Die Geschichte Jesu in verän- Loader, William R. G.: Jesus' Attitude Towards derter Zeit. 1993. Volume II/51. the Law. 1997. Volume 11/97. Koskenniemi, Erkki: Apollonios von Tyana in Lohr, Gebhard: Verherrlichung Gottes durch der neutestamentlichen Exegese. 1994. Philosophie. 1997. Volume 97. Volume U/61. Lohr, Hermut: Studien zum frühchristlichen - The Old Testament Miracle-Workers in und frühjüdischen Gebet. 2003. Volume 160. Early Judaism. 2005. Volume U/206. - see Hengel, Martin. Kraus, Thomas J.: Sprache, Stil und histori- Lohr, Winrich Alfried: Basilides und seine Schu- scher Ort des zweiten Petrusbriefes. 2001. le. 1995. Volume 83. Volume 11/136. Luomanen, Petri: Entering the Kingdom of Kraus, Wolfgang: Das Volk Gottes. 1996. Heaven. 1998. Volume 11/101. Volume 85. Luz, Ulrich: see Dunn, James D. G. Kraus, Wolfgang and Karl- Wilhelm Niebuhr Mackay, Ian D.: John's Raltionship with (Ed.): Frühjudentum und Neues Testament Mark. 2004. Volume U/182. im Horizont Biblischer Theologie. 2003. Maier, Gerhard: Mensch und freier Wille. Volume 162. 1971. Volume 12. - see Walter, Nikolaus. - Die Johannesoffenbarung und die Kirche. Kreplin, Matthias: Das Selbstverständnis Jesu. 1981. Volume 25. 2001. Volume U/141. Markschies, Christoph: Valentinus Gnosticus? Kuhn, Karl G.: Achtzehngebet und Vaterunser 1992. Volume 65. und der Reim. 1950. Volume 1. Marshall, Peter: Enmity in Corinth: Social Kvalbein, Hans: see Ädna, Jostein. Conventions in Paul's Relations with the Kwon, Yon-Gyong: Eschatology in Galatians. Corinthians. 1987. Volume 11/23. 2004. Volume 11/183. Mayer, Annemarie: Sprache der Einheit im Laansma, Jon: I Will Give You Rest. 1997. Epheserbrief und in der Ökumene. 2002. Volume U/98. Volume II/l50. Labahn, Michael: Offenbarung in Zeichen und Mayordomo, Moisés: Argumentiert Paulus Wort. 2000. Volume II/117. logisch? 2005. Volume 188. Lambers-Petry, Doris: see Tomson, Peter J. McDonough, Sean M.: YHWH at Patmos: Lange, Armin: see Ego, Beate. Rev. 1:4 in its Hellenistic and Early Jewish Lampe, Peter: Die stadtrömischen Christen in Setting. 1999. Volume U/107. den ersten beiden Jahrhunderten. 1987, McGlynn, Moyna: Divine Judgement and 21989. Volume U/18. Divine Benevolence in the Book of Landmesser, Christof: Wahrheit als Grundbe- Wisdom. 2001. Volume 11/139. griff neutestamentlicher Wissenschaft. Meade, David G.: Pseudonymity and Canon. 1999. Volume 113. 1986. Volume 39. - Jüngerberufung und Zuwendung zu Gott. Meadors, Edward P.: Jesus the Messianic 2000. Volume 133. Herald of Salvation. 1995. Volume 11/72. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Meißner, Stefan: Die Heimholung des Ketzers. Onuki, Takashi: Heil und Erlösung. 2004. 1996. Volume U/87. Volume 165. Meli, Ulrich: Die „anderen" Winzer. 1994. Oropeza, B. J.: Paul and Apostasy. 2000. Volume 77. Volume 11/115. Mengel, Berthold: Studien zum Philipperbrief. Ostmeyer, Karl-Heinrich: Taufe und Typos. 1982. Volume 11/8. 2000. Volume II/l 18. Merkel, Helmut: Die Widersprüche zwischen Paulsen, Henning: Studien zur Literatur und den Evangelien. 1971. Volume 13. Geschichte des frühen Christentums. Ed. - see Ego, Beate. von Ute E. Eisen. 1997. Volume 99. Merklein, Helmut: Studien zu Jesus und Paulus. Pao, David W.: Acts and the Isaianic New Exo- Volume 1 1987. Volume 43. - Volume 2 dus. 2000. Volume U/130. 1998. Volume 105. Park, Eung Chun: The Mission Discourse in Metzdorf, Christina: Die Tempelaktion Jesu. Matthew's Interpretation. 1995. 2003. Volume 11/168. Volume II/81. Metzler, Karin: Der griechische Begriff des Park, Joseph S. : Conceptions of Afterlife in Verzeihens. 1991. Volume 11/44. Jewish Insriptions. 2000. Volume U/121. Metzner, Rainer: Die Rezeption des Matthäus- Pate, C. Marvin: The Reverse of the Curse. evangeliums im 1. Petrusbrief. 1995. 2000. Volume 11/114. Volume 11/74. Peres, Imre: Griechische Grabinschriften und - Das Verständnis der Sünde im Johannes- neutestamentliche Eschatologie. 2003. evangelium. 2000. Volume 122. Volume 157. Mihoc, Vasile: see Dunn, James D.G.. Philip, Finny: The Origins of Pauline Mineshige, Kiyoshi: Besitzverzicht und Almo- Pneumatology. 2005. Volume 11/194. sen bei Lukas. 2003. Volume 11/163. Philonenko, Marc (Ed.): Le Trône de Dieu. Mittmann, Siegfried: see Hengel, Martin. 1993. Volume 69. Mittmann-Richert, Ulrike: Magnifikat und Pilhofer, Peter: Presbyteron Kreitton. 1990. Benediktus. 1996. Volume 11/90. Volume U/39. Mournet, Terence C.: Oral Tradition and - Philippi. Volume 1 1995. Volume 87. - Literary Dependency. 2005. Volume 11/195. Volume 2 2000. Volume 119. Mußner, Franz: Jesus von Nazareth im Umfeld - Die frühen Christen und ihre Welt. 2002. Israels und der Urkirehe. Ed. von M. Theo- Volume 145. bald. 1998. Volume 111. - see Becker, Eve-Marie. Mutschier, Bernhard: Das Corpus Johanneum - see Ego, Beate. bei Irenäus von Lyon. 2005. Volume 189. Pitre, Brant: Jesus, the Tribulation, and the Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm: Gesetz und Paränese. End of the Exile. 2005. Volume 11/204. 1987. Volume U/28. Pliimacher, Eckhard: Geschichte und Ge- - Heidenapostel aus Israel. 1992. Volume 62. schichten. 2004. Volume 170. - see Deines, Roland Pöhlmann, Wolfgang: Der Verlorene Sohn - see Dimitrov, Ivan Z. und das Haus. 1993. Volume 68. - see Kraus, Wolfgang Pokorny, Petr and Josef B. Souèek: Bibelausle- Nielsen, Anders E.: "Until it is Fullfilled". gung als Theologie. 1997. Volume 100. 2000. Volume U/126. Pokorny, Petr and Jan Roskovec (Ed.): Nissen, Andreas: Gott und der Nächste im an- Philosophical Hermeneutics and Biblical tiken Judentum. 1974. Volume ¡5. Exegesis. 2002. Volume 153. Noack, Christian: Gottesbewußtsein. 2000. Popkes, Enno Edzard: Die Theologie der Lie- Volume 11/116. be Gottes in den johanneischen Schriften. Noormann, Rolf: Irenäus als Paulusinterpret. 2005. Volume 11/197. 1994. Volume II/66. Porter, Stanley E.: The Paul of Acts. 1999. Novakovic, Lidija: Messiah, the Healer of the Volume 115. Sick. 2003. Volume 11/170. Prieur, Alexander: Die Verkündigung der Obermann, Andreas: Die christologische Er- Gottesherrschaft. 1996. Volume II/89. füllung der Schrift im Johannesevangelium. Probst, Hermann: Paulus und der Brief. 1991. 1996. Volume U/83. Volume U/45. Ohler, Markus: Barnabas. 2003. Volume 156. Räisänen, Heikki: Paul and the Law. 1983, - see Becker, Michael 21987. Volume 29. Okure, Teresa: The Johannine Approach to Rehkopf, Friedrich: Die lukanische Mission. 1988. Volume 11/31. Sonderquelle. 1959. Volume 5. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Rein, Matthias: Die Heilung des Blindgebore- Schutter, William L.: Hermeneutic and Com- nen (Joh 9). 1995. Volume 11/73. position in I Peter. 1989. Volume U/30. Reinmuth, Eckart: Pseudo-Philo und Lukas. Schwartz, Daniel R.: Studies in the Jewish 1994. Volume 74. Background of Christianity. 1992. Reiser, Marius: Syntax und Stil des Markus- Volume 60. evangeliums. 1984. Volume ¡1/11. Schwemer, Anna Maria: see Hengel, Martin Rhodes, James N.: The Epistle of Barnabas Scott, ¡an W.: Implicit Epistemology in the and the Deuteronomic Tradition. 2004. Letters of Paul. 2005. Volume 11/205. Volume ¡1/188. Scott, James M.: Adoption as Sons of God. Richards, E. Randolph: The Secretary in the 1992. Volume Ü/48. Letters of Paul. 1991. Volume H/42. - Paul and the Nations. 1995. Volume 84. Riesner, Rainer: Jesus als Lehrer. 1981, '1988. Shum, Shiu-Lun: Paul's Use of Isaiah in Ro- Volume H/7. mans. 2002. Volume H/l56. - Die Frühzeit des Apostels Paulus. 1994. Siegert, Folker: Drei hellenistisch-jüdische Volume 71. Predigten. Teil I 1980. Volume 20- Teil II Rissi, Mathias: Die Theologie des Hebräer- 1992. Volume 61. briefs. 1987. Volume 41. - Nag-Hammadi-Register. 1982. Volume 26. Roskovec, Jan: see Pokorny, Petr. - Argumentation bei Paulus. 1985. Volume 34. Röhser, Günter: Metaphorik und Personifika- - Philon von Alexandrien. 1988. Volume 46. tion der Sünde. 1987. Volume 11/25. Simon, Marcel: Le christianisme antique Rose, Christian: Die Wolke der Zeugen. 1994. et son contexte religieux I/II. 1981. Volume II/60. Volume 23. Rothschild, Cläre K.: Baptist Traditions and Snodgrass, Klyne: The Parable of the Wicked Q. 2005. Volume 190. Tenants. 1983. Volume 27. - Luke Acts and the Rhetoric of History. Söding, Thomas: Das Wort vom Kreuz. 1997. 2004. Volume 11/175. Volume 93. Rüegger, Hans-Ulrich: Verstehen, was Markus - see Thüsing, Wilhelm. erzählt. 2002. Volume 11/155. Sommer, Urs: Die Passionsgeschichte des Rüger, Hans Peter: Die Weisheitsschrift aus Markusevangeliums. 1993. Volume II/58. der Kairoer Geniza. 1991. Volume 53. Soueek, Josef B.: see Pokorny, Petr. Sänger, Dieter: Antikes Judentum und die My- Spangenberg, Volker: Herrlichkeit des Neuen sterien. 1980. Volume II/5. Bundes. 1993. Volume H/55. - Die Verkündigung des Gekreuzigten und Spanje, T.E. van: Inconsistency in Paul? Israel. 1994. Volume 75. 1999. Volume 11/¡10. - see Burchard, Christoph Speyer, Wolfgang: Frühes Christentum im an- Salier, Willis Hedley: The Rhetorical Impact of tiken Strahlungsfeld. Volume I: 1989. the Se-meia in the Gospel of John. 2004. Volume 50. Volume ¡1/186. - Volume II: 1999. Volume 116. Salzmann, Jorg Christian: Lehren und Er- Stadelmann, Helge: Ben Sira als Schriftge- mahnen. 1994. Volume 11/59. lehrter. 1980. Volume H/6. Sandnes, Karl Olav: Paul - One of the Stenschke, Christoph W.: Luke's Portrait of Prophets? 1991. Volume H/43. Gentiles Prior to Their Coming to Faith. Sato, Migaku: Q und Prophetie. 1988. Volume ¡¡/¡08. Volume ü/29. Sterck-Degueldre, Jean-Pierre: Eine Frau na- Schäfer, Ruth: Paulus bis zum Apostelkonzil. mens Lydia. 2004. Volume H/176. 2004. Volume ¡1/179. Stettier, Christian: Der Kolosserhymnus. Schaper, Joachim: Eschatology in the Greek 2000. Volume ¡¡/¡3¡. Psalter. 1995. Volume H/76. Stettier, Hanna: Die Christologie der Pastoral- Schimanowski, Gottfried: Die himmlische Li- briefe. 1998. Volume H/105. turgie in der Apokalypse des Johannes. Stökl Ben Ezra, Daniel: The Impact of Yom 2002. Volume H/154. Kippur on Early Christianity. 2003. - Weisheit und Messias. 1985. Volume ///17. Volume 163. Schlichting, Günter: Ein jüdisches Leben Jesu. Strobel, August: Die Stunde der Wahrheit. 1982. Volume 24. 1980. Volume 21. Schnabel, Eckhard J.: Law and Wisdom from Stroumsa, Guy G.: Barbarian Philosophy. Ben Sira to Paul. 1985. Volume U/16. 1999. Volume 112. Schnelle, Udo: see Frey, Jörg. Stuckenbruck, Loren T.: Angel Veneration and Schröter, Jens: see Frey, Jörg. Christology. 1995. Volume U/70. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament

Stuhlmacher, Peter (Ed.): Das Evangelium und Walter, Nikolaus: Praeparatio Evangelica. Ed. die Evangelien. 1983. Volume 28. von Wolfgang Kraus und Florian Wilk. - Biblische Theologie und Evangelium. 1997. Volume 98. 2002. Volume 146. Wander, Bernd: Gottesfurchtige und Sympa- Sung, Chong-Hyon: Vergebung der Sünden. thisanten. 1998. Volume 104. 1993. Volume U/57. Watts, Rikki: Isaiah's New Exodus and Mark. Tajra, Harry W.: The Trial of St. Paul. 1989. 1997. Volume II/88. Volume 11/35. Wedderburn, A.J.M.: Baptism and - The Martyrdom of St.Paul. 1994. Resurrection. 1987. Volume 44. Volume 11/67. Wegner, Uwe: Der Hauptmann von Theißen, Gerd: Studien zur Soziologie des Ur- Kafarnaum. 1985. Volume 11/14. christentums. 1979, M989. Volume 19. Weissenrieder, Annette: Images of Illness in the Theobald, Michael: Studien zum Römerbrief. Gospel of Luke. 2003. Volume 11/164. 2001. Volume 136. Friederike Wendt and Petra von Theobald, Michael: see Mußner, Franz. Gemünden (Ed.): Picturing the New Testa- Thornton, Claus-Jürgen: Der Zeuge des Zeu- ment. 2005. Volume 11/193. gen. 1991. Volume 56. Welck, Christian: Erzählte ,Zeichen'. 1994. Thüsing, Wilhelm: Studien zur neutestamentli- Volume U/69. chen Theologie. Ed. von Thomas Söding. Wendt, Friederike (Ed.): see Weissenrieder, 1995. Volume 82. Annette. Thurén, Lauri: Derhethorizing Paul. 2000. Wiarda, Timothy: Peter in the Gospels. 2000. Volume 124. Volume 11/127. Tolmie, D. Francois: Persuading the Galatians. Wifstrand, Albert: Epochs and Styles. 2005. 2005. Volume 11/190. ' Volume 179. Tomson, Peter J. and Doris Lambers-Petry Wilk, Florian: see Walter, Nikolaus. (Ed.): The Image of the Judaeo-Christians Williams, Catrin H.: I am He. 2000. in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. Volume IUI 13. 2003. Volume 158. Wilson, Walter T.: Love without Pretense. Trebilco, Paul: The Early Christians in Ephesus 1991. Volume 11/46. from Paul to Ignatius. 2004. Volume 166. Wischmeyer, Oda: Von Ben Sira zu Paulus. Treloar, Geoffrey R.: Lightfoot the Historian. 2004. Volume 173. 1998. Volume 11/103. Wisdom, Jeffrey: Blessing for the Nations and Tsuji, Manabu: Glaube zwischen Vollkommen- the Curse of the Law. 2001. Volume 11/133. heit und Verweltlichung. 1997. Volume 11/93. Wold, Benjamin G.: Women, Men, and Angels. Twelftree, Graham H.: Jesus the Exorcist. 2005. Volume 11/2001. 1993. Volume U/54. Wright, Archie T.: The Origin of Evil Spirits. Urban, Christina: Das Menschenbild nach dem 2005. Volume 11/198. Johannesevangelium. 2001. Volume U/137. Wucherpfennig, Ansgar: Heracleon Visotzky, Burton L.: Fathers of the World. Philologus. 2002. Volume 142. 1995. Volume 80. Yeung, Maureen: Faith in Jesus and Paul. Vollenweider, Samuel: Horizonte neutesta- 2002. Volume 11/147. mentlicher Christologie. 2002. Volume 144. Zimmermann, AlfredE.: Die urchristlichen Vos, Johan S.: Die Kunst der Argumentation Lehrer. 1984,21988. Volume 11/12. bei Paulus. 2002. Volume 149. Zimmermann, Johannes: Messianische Texte Wagener, Ulrike: Die Ordnung des „Hauses ausQumran. 1998. Volume 11/104. Gottes". 1994. Volume 11/65. Zimmermann, Ruben: Christologie der Bilder Wahlen, Clinton: Jesus and the Impurity of im Johannesevangelium. 2004. Volume 171. Spirits in the Synoptic Gospels. 2004. - Geschlechtermetaphorik und Gottesver- Volume 11/185. hältnis. 2001. Volume 11/122. Walker, Donald D.: Paul's Offer of Leniency Zumstein, Jean: see Dettwiler, Andreas (2 Cor 10:1). 2002. Volume 11/152. Zwiep, Arie W.: Judas and the Choice of Matthias. 2004. Volume 11/187.

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