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Conflict and Consensus of Interest Between Christianity and Obollo Traditional Practices

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Conflict and Consensus of Interest Between Christianity and Obollo Traditional Practices International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 5, Issue 4, 2018, PP 1-11 ISSN 2394-6288 (Print) & ISSN 2394-6296 (Online) Conflict and Consensus of Interest Between Christianity and Obollo Traditional Practices Chuka Enuka, Ikechukwu Kingsley Agu Department of History and International Studies Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,Nigeria *Corresponding Author: Chuka Enuka, Department of History and International Studies Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,Nigeria. ABSTRACT The history of Obollo people in the South-eastern Nigeria can hardly be complete without the impact of Christianity on both the lives and cultural practices of the Obollo people. The interaction between the two cultures(Christianity and Traditional religion) is traced to twentieth century from when both received shocks reciprocally, arising from the interplay of the people’s religious adherence to their sacrosanct traditional and cultural practices, and the resilience of Christianity at the face of this insistence. The Obollos of the Southeastern Nigeria viewed Christianity as an alien religion and that which came to displace their time- tested cultural practices handed down to them ancestrally. Consequently, the Obollos who later converted to Christianity did so with half-hearted acceptance. This is manifested in their loose Christian living which carries with it to date, respect for some sections of traditional practices inimical to the Christian faith. This situation has developed a contradictory situation resulting to clash and conflicts of interests that have defined the people’s time and town today. The paper examines the conflict between traditional religion and Christian Christian practices in Obollo, which has defined social interactions albeit negatively among the adherents of the two religions in Obollo. The study adopts content analysis and thematic approach of data collection, collected data from both primary and secondary sources – oral interviews and books, brochures respectively. It concludes with useful recommendations on ways for more harmonious relationship between Christianity and Obollo cultural practices. INTRODUCTION face of God through Christ. According to C. O. Tagbo Ugwu: A cursory look at the features of Obollo pre- colonial history provides some undoubted Christianity is a missionary religion holding evidence of continuity, with intermittent that Christ’s message as intended for the interruptions in human activities. However, a whole world is not just for a particular area continuum exists in the culture of Obollo or people. In Mark 16:15f, Jesus is quoted people, as Obollo religious and cultural patterns as saying “Go ye into the world and preach were well enough, formed to constitute the the gospel to the creation. He that believeth primary base of survival and co-existence. and is baptized shall be saved2. Religion, worship, ritual, art and other ways of life had been established which were, The above citation marks a turning point in the distinctively structured for Obollo culturally. people‟s civilisation through Christianity. In The European arrival in Obollo marked the most other words, good virtues and moral lessons important turning point in the history and way preached in Christian teachings have had of life of Obollo people. Modern Obollo began positive effects in reforming the Obollo man to with the era of the European incursion spear- deal with his fellow cordially. Jesus left headed by Christianity and missionary believers examples to follow as far as religion activities.1 Christianity remained totally alien to and certain cultural values are concerned. An the people, „offering salvation‟ to the select few example could be cited on the payment of tax. who would desert their homestead, their This was one of the finance sourcing cultures ancestral norms and other practices. This was during the earthly ministry of Jesus, in which he dramatised by the confidence, ignorance and said, “Render to Caesar the things that are arrogance with which the Obollo Christian Caesar‟s and unto God the things which are converts defied traditional tenets and sought the God‟s”.3 Nonetheless, as to Obollo traditional religious beliefs, ideas, norms and values, International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies V5 ●I4 ●2018 1 Conflict and Consensus of Interest Between Christianity and Obollo Traditional Practices cultural practices and worship, they perceived area, advent of Christianity, conflict between the universe as a three-tier structure: the sky Christianity and the Obollo culture, and above (Elu Igwe), the solid earth (Ala), and the integrating aspects of Christian Values to some under-world (Ala Muo); all of which is of the Obollo traditional practices. Hence, this inhabitable. There is also the Supreme Being, work concludes with a few recommendations known by various names in Igbo sub-cultural for more harmonious relationships among zones such as; Chukwu, Chineke, Olisebuluwa Christians and traditional adherents. (Oseburuwa), Obasi di n‟elu and the very principal divinities such as Anyanwu, Igwe, OVERVIEW OF GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Ezechitoke, Ugwuanyiagama, Amadioha; all AND ORIGIN OF OBOLLO dwell in the high heavens. The earth is the Obollo lays extreme North of Enugu State. It is abode of men, also the Earth deity (Ala), some bounded on the East by Ikem, Mbu and Neke, minor deities, patron spirits, nature spirits and all in the present Isi-Uzo Local Government cosmic forces.4 The ancestors (Nna), numerous Area, in the West; it is bounded by Enugu Ezike other spirits and nature forces, some malevolent, and Amalla. In the Southern hemisphere, it is live in the under-world, which the Obollo man bounded by Ogbodu-Aba, Ezimo, Igugu and believes that there is an intense and continual Iheaka. Now housing the Headquarters of relationship of various aspects of spiritual being Udenu Local Government Area, Enugu North from one plane to another. Senatorial Zone, Southeast Nigeria; Obollo is As could be expected, inter-connected with found at about 14–16 kilo meters north of the indigenous religious belief and practices of the University town, Nsukka. The place lies Obollo people were time-tested customs between the latitude 06o52 North, and therefore handed-down from their ancestors. Some of referred to as Nsukka–Okigwe cuesta by these customs included: the cleansing of the geographers.7 The community is densely town of desecration, the institution of slavery, populated by indigenes and non indigenes to the human sacrifice, killing of twins and albinos, tune of about 150,000 people8. Obollo is located taking of oaths and trial by ordeal, first and along old Onitsha–Oturkpo Road, Nsukka–Eha second burial for the dead, long mourning Amufu Road, Eke–Idoma Road, and Enugu– period for widows and widowers, the practice of Makurdi federal highway. polygamy, birth and death rituals and the wrath For the tradition of origin, it was claimed that of the ancestors for marital infidelity.5 The Olenyi Dedu Obe, the progenitor of Obollo was Obollo society had their traditional piety and a distant trader who traded within his town religion which though often disrupted, Umujora, Idah and neighbouring villages. He continued to survive. traveled on foot to Onicha market. According to In times of crises and inexplicable difficulties, oral accounts, Olenyi lost his travelling horse at many Christians in Obollo and traditional Ama-ebo, where he usually rested while on adherents readily sought redress in traditional business trip. In the bush, he killed an elephant divination, sacrifices and medicines. They did as he was searching for his horse.9 This may not fold their arms for ugly situations to become have led to his settlement in Ulo n‟Obollo, worse, without running to the medicine man in otherwise known as Ama-ebo, where all other time of sickness; to their gods for appeasement parts of Obollo started dispersing to their and sacrifices for taboos and abominations, and present places. This is currently, a location in to diviners/ soothsayers in bizarre between “Welcome to Obollo” sign-post and the circumstances. Put succinctly, Chinua Achebe‟s junction harbouring the military check-point Things Fall Apart exposed the core of the Igbo along Enugu – Makurdi Road. traditional culture and religious worship, using To support the tradition of Obollo migration Okonkwo‟s medicine house and shrine where he from Abakaliki to Idah and later to the present kept the wooden symbols of his personal god place, oral history/ speculation also traces a man and of his ancestral spirits.6 whose name was Nnam Dedu Obe, who moved This paper, therefore, attempts to underscore the from Abakaliki through Eha-Amufu and settled level of acceptability of the new religion and its at a place now known as Ikem.10 From integration with the Obollo traditional practices available evidence, it was believed that Olenyi as a result of their contact, which had often left his father and brothers at Ikem for Idah. He witnessed significant influences and alterations. finally settled at Ama-ebo now Ulo n‟Obollo The paper is divided into sections and subtitles. after his encounter with the elephant. Olenyi had This include the geographical location and five sons namely Ezeojo, Amutenyi, Ohulo, origin of Obollo, socio-cultural practices in the Ugbabe and Iheakpu. 2 International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies V5 ●I4 ●2018 Conflict and Consensus of Interest Between Christianity and Obollo Traditional Practices SOCIO-CULTURAL TRADITION IN OBOLLO another person (including your children) to BEFORE THE ADVENT OF CHRISTIANITY make use of your matrimonial bed or wrapper with another „bed mate‟, allowing one to see Obollo had a very deep socio-cultural history one‟s nudity, conspiring against one‟s husband which was sustained even after the coming of or wife with another one, among others.14 Men- Christianity. However, few relics of her cultural folk claimed that they were exempted to some practices encountered tremendous changes extent from observing some of these rules, and/or outright extinction as a result of the because they could marry two or more wives.
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