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Politički I Etnički Sukobi U Rijeci Od 1905. Do 1907

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Politički I Etnički Sukobi U Rijeci Od 1905. Do 1907 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repository of the University of Rijeka SVEUČILIŠTE U RIJECI FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET U RIJECI POLITIČKI I ETNIČKI SUKOBI U RIJECI OD 1905. DO 1907. GODINE PREMA NOVINAMA IZ JADRANSKE REGIJE (Diplomski rad) Studentica: Šuran Vanesa Rijeka, 2016. SVEUČILIŠTE U RIJECI FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET U RIJECI ODSJEK ZA POVIJEST POLITIČKI I ETNIČKI SUKOBI U RIJECI OD 1905. DO 1907. GODINE PREMA NOVINAMA IZ JADRANSKE REGIJE (Diplomski rad) Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Giovanni D'Alessio Studentica: Šuran Vanesa Rijeka, 2016. Sadržaj Uvod .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Povijest Rijeke do 1848. godine ......................................................................................................... 10 2. Događaji u Habsburškoj Monarhiji i Rijeci od 1848.-1866. godine ................................................... 12 3. Austro-Ugarska Nagodba 1867. godine i Riječka krpica .................................................................... 16 4. .Post-nagodbeno stanje u Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji ........................................................................ 19 4.1. Riječki provizorij i riječko-mađarska idila ................................................................................. 21 4.2. Kraj Idile ..................................................................................................................................... 25 5. Austro-ugarska i vanjska politika krajem 19. stoljeća ........................................................................ 28 5.1. Početak krize dualizma ............................................................................................................... 29 5.2. Talijanski utjecaj ......................................................................................................................... 30 6. Rijeka početkom 20. stoljeća .............................................................................................................. 32 6.1. Zaoštrenje krize dualizma i neredi u Hrvatskoj 1903. godine..................................................... 34 6.2. Ponovno okretanje Mađarima ..................................................................................................... 35 6.3. Riječka rezolucija ........................................................................................................................ 36 7. Politički i etnički sukobi u Rijeci od 1905. do 1907. godine .............................................................. 37 7.1. L'Eco dell'Adriatico .................................................................................................................... 42 7.1.1. Mađarsko-riječki sukobi 1906. i 1907. godine .................................................................... 43 7.1.2. Odnos prema riječkoj autonomiji ........................................................................................ 45 7.1.3. Odnos prema talijanskom elementu u Rijeci ...................................................................... 46 7.1.4. Stav prema vanjskoj politici ................................................................................................ 49 7.1.5. Hrvati u Rijeci prema L'Eco dell'Adriatico ......................................................................... 50 7.1.6. Intervju sa Zanellom, Viom, Dall'Astom i Grossichem ...................................................... 51 7.2. Il Giornaletto di Pola ................................................................................................................... 55 7.2.1. Prolazak društva „Sokol“ kroz grad Rijeku 1906. godine .................................................. 55 7.2.2. „Gli eterni barbari“.............................................................................................................. 58 7.2.3. Vanjska pomoć .................................................................................................................... 61 7.3. Slavenska Misao ......................................................................................................................... 62 7.3.1. Sokolske demonstracije – druga istina? .............................................................................. 63 7.3.2. Dvojezični natpisi i krah Riječke rezolucije ....................................................................... 64 7.3.3. Frano Supilo i „novinski rat“ .............................................................................................. 66 7.3.4. Odnos prema Talijanima i Mađarima ................................................................................. 69 8. Zaključak............................................................................................................................................. 72 9. Literatura ............................................................................................................................................. 73 SAŽETAK U ovom radu prikazani su politički i etnički sukobi u Rijeci 1906. i 1907. godine na temelju novina L'Eco dell'Adriatico, Il Giornaletto di Pola te Slavenska Misao koje su izlazile u Puli i Trstu, kozmopolitskim gradovima koji su zajedno sa Rijekom dijelili vrlo kompleksne nacionalne strukture u multinacionalnoj Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji. Nadalje, s obzirom da je veliku ulogu u tim sukobima imao utjecaj unutarnje i vanjske politike Austro-Ugarske monarhije prikazan je i razvoj događaja na nivou Austro-Ugarske monarhije još od postrevolucionarnih godina te njihov direktan utjecaj na događaje i političku situaciju u gradu Rijeci. Također, u rad je ukomponiran i hrvatski i talijanski utjecaj i njihov povijesni kontekst koji je jednako imao utjecaja na događaje u Rijeci s obzirom da su i Hrvati i Talijani bili dijelom strukture stanovništva Rijeke. Kroz analizu članaka prikazani su odnosi riječkog stanovništva sa Mađarima, Hrvatima i Talijanima, kao i razna druga politička i nacionalna pitanja koja su u gradu kulminirala nasiljem i sukobima 1906. i 1907. godine. Ključne riječi: corpus separatum, autonomija, fiumanski identitet, Sokol, Austro-Ugarska, iredentizam Uvod Politički i etnički sukobi u Rijeci 1906. i 1907. godine posljedica su velikih promjena na političkom, kulturnom i ekonomskom polju u 19. stoljeću diljem Europe. Upravo iz tog razloga u svrhu prikazivanja uzroka zbog kojih je došlo do ovih događaja, ovim radom obuhvaćena je i politička situacija u Habsburškoj Monarhiji od 1848. do 1867. godine, odnosno u dualističkoj Austro-Ugarskoj monarhiji sve do 1907. godine. Promjene na nivou čitave Monarhije direktno su se odražavale i u najmanjim sredinama, pa tako i u gradu Rijeci koji je u tom razdoblju predstavljao vrlo važan dio teritorija, posebice za Ugarsku. Nadalje, promjene u ideološkim i društvenim aspektima poput jačanja građanske buržoazije, izgradnje nacija i nacionalizma koje su postepeno obuhvatile područje čitave Austro-Ugarske monarhije ali i njezinih susjednih zemalja, također su prikazane kao i njihov utjecaj na grad Rijeku čija je kompleksna struktura stanovništva rezultirala brojnim političkim i nacionalnim napetostima između Hrvata, Talijana, Mađara i Fiumana. Posebnost Rijeke je i upravo postojanje fiumanskog identiteta isključivo vezanog uz grad Rijeku koji se temelji na statusu koji je Rijeka stekla dodjeljivanjem titule corpusa separatuma čime je osigurala svoju autonomiju, te talijanskog karaktera i njegovanju talijanske kulture. Uz ove dvije karakteristike, uvelike se ističe i ona ekonomska – Fiumani su u Rijeci oblikovali zatvorenu zajednicu koja se temeljila na financijskim povlasticama u sklopu trgovine, brodogradnje i ostalih poslova koji su bili zastupljeni u gradu. Brojni aspekti građanskoga života u gradu bili su uvjetovani financijskim mogućnostima stanovnika pa se postavlja pitanje je li zaštita povlaštene, financijski dobro situirane građanske klase uvjetovala oblikovanje nacionalnog identiteta Fiumana i u kojoj je to mjeri uopće bio nacionalni identitet, ili se u skladu sa stvaranjem nacionalnih država, nacionalnim aspiracijama i Hrvata i Mađara, na temelju riječke autonomije oblikovao pravi nacionalni osjećaj pripadnosti nekome gradu. U prikazu događaja na nivou Habsburške Monarhije koji se odnose na postrevolucionarno razdoblje do sklapanja Austro-ugarske nagodbe koristila sam brojnu literaturu koja se odnosi na povijest Europe i svijeta od različitih autora poput Jochena Bleickena, J. M. Robertsa, E. J. Hobsbawma i Norman Daviesa. Nadalje, u prikazu događaja i različitih perspektiva vezanih uz Habsburšku Monarhiju koristila sam djela autora poput Kanna, Taylora i Judsona. O specifičnom mađarskom nacionalizmu na temelju kojeg su Mađari kroz gotovo čitavo 19. i početak 20. stoljeća 6 nastojali postići nacionalnu i državnu ravnopravnost unutar Austro-Ugarske, detaljno doznajemo od Setona-Watsona (1908), koji je opisao mađarsku politiku pod pseudonimom Viator Scotus. Hrvati su u gradu Rijeci i njezinim podopćinama činili većinsko stanovništvo, te s obzirom na teritorijalni položaj Rijeke neophodno je prikazati i događaje na području Hrvatske i Slavonije, kao i Dalmacije i Istre i njihov utjecaj na grad Rijeku. U tome je bila značajna literatura autora Jaroslava Šidaka, Mirjane Gross et al, kao i ponovno dijela Setona-Watsona u koja detaljno govore o južnoslavenskom pitanju i njegovoj povezanosti sa Habsburškom Monarhijom te o nacionalizmu na području Balkana.1 O
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