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The “Comfort Women” and the Nanjing Massacre

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The “Comfort Women” and the Nanjing Massacre Volume 18 | Issue 6 | Number 4 | Article ID 5382 | Mar 15, 2020 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Canada's “History Wars”: The “Comfort Women” and the Nanjing Massacre Satoko Oka Norimatsu This article is based on a talk that Satoko Oka Norimatsu gave at the seminar “The ‘History Wars’ and the ‘Comfort Woman’ Issue: Revisionism and the Right-wing in Contemporary Japan, U.S., and Canada,” held at the Institute of Asian Research, the University of British Columbia (Vancouver, BC), hosted jointly by the Centre of Korean Research and the Centre for Japanese Research, on November 21, 2019. Event poster by the Centre for Korean Research and the Centre for Japanese Research, University of British Columbia Introduction I am going to discuss the “history wars” in Canada, 2015 – 2018, building onTomomi 1 18 | 6 | 4 APJ | JF Yamaguchi’s illustration of Japanese history the Japanese-Canadian community who wanted revisionism and its intervention seeking to to prevent it. Eventually, I became part of the block overseas memorialization of Imperial “Peace Statue Committee,” which the Korean- Japan’s system of military sex slavery. Canadians formed, including members of the Japanese-Canadian, Chinese-Canadian and In 2015, Burnaby, a city of about 220,000 other ethnic communities. In 2018, I formed people to the east of Vancouver, planned to the Japanese-Canadians Supporting Nanjing erect a “Girl Statue for Peace,” in Central Park, Massacre Commemorative Day to counter the one of the city’s public parks, in conjunction Japanese government and Japanese nationalist with its Korean sister-city Hwaseong. The plan, opposition. however, met heavy opposition from the Consulate-General of Japan in Vancouver, the My position was two-fold. One was to oppose right-wing within Japan, and local residents opposition to the commemoration: First, I influenced by them. Hwaseong City’s statue thought it would be shameful for people with eventually found a home across the continent, Japanese ancestry to actively oppose at a Korean-Canadian facility in Toronto. memorialization of Imperial Japan’s dark past. Second, I felt compelled to condemn the From 2016 to 2018, members of provincial historical denial that was behind such legislatures of Ontario, Manitoba, and British opposition. Could we imagine German- Columbia attempted to establish December 13 Canadians staging an organizational protest as the Nanjing Massacre Commemorative Day against commemoration of the Holocaust in (NMCD), as 2017 marked the 80th anniversary Canada, claiming that the historical claims of of the atrocity in which hundreds of thousands the event were groundless? It was necessary to 1 of Chinese POWs and civilians were massacred demonstrate that some Japanese-Canadians and women and girls were raped and murdered were engaged in such nationalistic opposition by the Imperial Japanese Army that conquered and historical denial. Nanjing and surrounding areas. These efforts faced adversary pressures from the Japanese government and Japanese nationalists in Japan 2014-2015: The “Comfort Women Statue” and Canada, but on October 26, 2018 Soo Plan in Burnaby, British Columbia Wong, a member of the Ontario Legislature, succeeded in gaining unanimous support for the NMCD motion (Motion 66). At the federal level, on November 28, 2018, a member of Parliament, Jenny Kwan, tabled a similar motion. It did not pass, but Prime Minister Justin Trudeau recognized the importance for Canadians to remember this history. I was not just an observer of these events but a participant in the 2015 debate over the The Korean War Memorial at Central Park, Comfort Women statue in Burnaby and the Burnaby. Photo by author. 2018 effort to proclaim a federal Nanjing Massacre Commemorative Day. In 2015, I initially sought to provide a “bridge” between members of the Korean-Canadian community The planned site for the “Comfort Women who wanted to build the statue and members of Statue” for Burnaby, BC was on the western 2 18 | 6 | 4 APJ | JF edge of the 86-acre Central Park, facing the Otaka also mentioned that the Change.org Boundary Road, which borders thepetition and the email templates to Burnaby neighbouring city of Vancouver. CityA were “kindly prepared by Yamamoto Memorandum of Understanding was signed Yumiko,” the founder of Nadeshiko Action, not between Burnaby and Hwaseong in the fall of being shy at all about disclosing the fact that 2014, and plans were underway to build the the opposition against the statue in Burnaby statue near the Korean War Memorial, which was initiated and controlled by the right-wing honours the 36 servicemen from Britishhistorical revisionists in Japan, not by local Columbia who died in the Korean Warresidents. On April 1, 2015, Japanese (1950-53). conservative newspaper Sankei Shimbun ran a big front-page story on the Burnaby statue plan 7 According to the Sankei Newspaper,2 the in its “History War” series. It is remarkable Japanese government was aware of this plan as that a national newspaper in a country of over early as September of 2014, but the knowledge 120 million people saw such newsworthiness in became public when the Hankyoreh Newspaper a memorial statue proposed for a city of in Korea reported “Hwaseong City, of Gyeonggi 220,000, across the Pacific Ocean. Province is going to erect a ‘Girl Statue for Peace’ that honours the victims of the Japanese military sex slavery and wishes for world peace, in its Canadian sister-city Burnaby,” in its March 6, 2015 edition.3 Japanese rightists reacted swiftly.Nadeshiko Action, a women’s right-wing group, based in Japan, which denies the history of Japanese military sex slavery, called on the public to support a petition campaign opposing the statue on Change.org.4 The petition collected over 13,000 signatures by mid-April (from the Examples of Vancouver Shinpo running comments section, it appears that most front-page articles on the opposition supporters were from Japan). It also movement against the Comfort Women encouraged sending emails to the City of statue. Photo by author Burnaby by providing five letter templates in 5 English. As a result, thousands of emails swarmed the inbox of the Burnaby Mayor’s Office. By contrast, no Canadian mainstream media took any interest in this except a report or two Otaka Miki, a conservative journalist alerted in Burnaby’s local newspaper Burnaby Now. It her audience on the Internet-basedChannel reported that on March 18, 2015, about two Sakura by saying that the “innocent Japanese dozen residents of Japanese ancestry “showed children will be bullied” as a result of the up at the monthly Parks, Recreation and “propaganda of fabricated history” byCulture Commission meeting to protest the “Koreans.” She called on Japanese residents in prospect of a statue commemorating ‘comfort Burnaby if they were willing to cooperate, to women.’”8 Otherwise, local discussion of the “get in touch with the Japanese people who are issue was almost exclusively conducted in active in Canada.”6 Japanese, with the weekly Vancouver Shinpo 3 18 | 6 | 4 APJ | JF effectively acting as the mouthpiece of the local Opposition group Kisei Domei’s petition opposition group called Zo Hantai Kisei Domei form. About 1,300 signatures were Kai [Alliance for Opposing the Statue – collected from mid-April to mid-May of hereafter the “Opposition Alliance”],9 led by 2015. Gordon Kadota, a Japanese-Canadian businessman. There were peer pressures as well. Kadota Nevertheless, there were multiple-level initiated a local petition campaign that pressures against the statue plan in Burnaby. collected physical signatures. Petition On the government front, the “Special circulated among local community groups, Committee for Recovering Japan’s Honour and sports and cultural activities such as marshal Trust”10 of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party arts and tea ceremony, with this kind of of Japan, led by former Minister of Foreign pressure: “If you are Japanese, you must sign.” Affairs Nakasone Hirofumi, on April 2 was When I met Kadota for the first time on April briefed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 10, 2015, he did not hide his surprise that I was (MOFA). MOFA explained that it had been not supporting opposition to the statue, being a “collecting information since September of Japanese-Canadian. Since I was vocal in my 2014, and making proactive, though ‘discreet,’ criticism of the opposition, soon rumors spread efforts to stop the erection (of the statue),” among the Japanese immigrants’ community such as assisting Burnaby’s Japanese sister city and among the Internet-right that I was “a Kushiro’s effort, and working with the Japan- Korean (chosen-jin)” and “anti-Japan (han- Canada Association and Japanese businesses in nichi)”. Canada.11 However, as Kadota admitted in his Vancouver Indeed, I learned that opposition meetings Shinpo interview on April 9, 2015, participants were being held at the official residence of the of the campaign against the Comfort Women Consul General of Japan in Vancouver, and that statue were almost exclusively “Japanese- Kushiro city was threatening Burnaby city with Canadians who use Japanese in everyday life, cancellation of events to commemorate the and Japanese-Canadians who use English in 50th anniversary of the sister-city relationship. everyday life do not even know such a debate is Mayor of Burnaby Derek Corrigan also received going on.” In fact, quite a few English-speaking direct pressure from Okada Seiji, then Consul Japanese-Canadians reacted differently -- while General of Japan, and Gordon Kadota, leader of many Japanese-speaking Japanese Canadians the opposition group who had close ties with regarded the Comfort Women as a defamation the Consul General.12 of Japan and the Japanese, these second- or third-generation Japanese Canadians saw it as an expression of historical memory that was important to another ethnic group that carries painful war experience.
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