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Faculty of Life Science Department for Nature Conservation, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology in cooperation with Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning University of Sopron Institute of Forest Resource Management and Rural Development Man & Biosphere Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services as scientific foundation for the sustainable implementation of the Redesigned Biosphere Reserve “Neusiedler See” Final report DOI: 10.1553/bioserv‐neusiedler‐see http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/bioserv‐neusiedler‐see Online‐ISBN: 978‐3‐7001‐7289‐5 Funded by: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Report by the funded institutions: University of Vienna Faculty of Life Science Department of Nature Conservation, Vegetation‐ and Landscape Ecology 1030 Vienna, Rennweg 14 T +43 1 4277‐54382 Ass.‐Prof. Dr. Thomas Wrbka [email protected] Mag. Dr. Christa Hainz‐Renetzeder [email protected] Mag. Michael Kuttner [email protected] Mag. Anna Hermann [email protected] University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning 1190 Wien, Peter Jordan‐Straße 82 T +43 1 47654‐7204 F +43 1 47654‐7209 Ao. Univ.Prof. DI Dr. Christiane Brandenburg [email protected] Dr. habil. Karen Ziener karen.ziener@uni‐klu.ac.at DI Brigitte Allex [email protected] Mag. Ursula Liebl [email protected] DI Christina Czachs [email protected] University of Western Hungary Institute of Forest resource Management and Rural Development Cházár András tér 1 H‐9400 Sopron Hungary T + 36 99 518 336 Prof. Éva Konkoly‐Gyuró [email protected] Ágnes Tirászi [email protected] Pál Balázs [email protected] Valéria Bacsárdi [email protected] Project period: October 2008 – January 2012 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. Problem identification ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Scientific concepts ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.3. Landscape functions and services .................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Potential landscape functions ........................................................................................................ 10 1.5. Research questions ......................................................................................................................... 13 2. Material and Methods ................................................................................................................... 14 2.1. Area description: Wider investigation area, municipalities ............................................................. 14 2.1.1. Location ........................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1.2. General description – natural conditions Austrian part ................................................................... 15 2.1.3. General description – natural conditions Hungarian part ................................................................ 16 2.1.4. Landscape history in brief .............................................................................................................. 16 2.2. Project specific approach ................................................................................................................ 17 2.3. Utilisation claims ........................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1. Agriculture .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.1.1. Agricultural conditions in the Austrian project region ................................................................ 20 2.3.1.2. Agricultural conditions in the Hungarian project region ............................................................. 38 2.3.2. Tourism & Recreation .................................................................................................................... 39 2.3.2.1. Tourism development in the Neusiedler See/Fertő Region ........................................................ 39 2.3.2.2. Recreation and leisure time activities of local people and one‐day visitors ................................. 42 2.3.2.3. Leisure activities of tourists and motives of holidaymakers ....................................................... 42 2.3.2.4. Tourism strategies in the Neusiedler See/FertőRegion .............................................................. 46 2.3.2.5. Touristic nodes in the Neusiedler See/FertőRegion .................................................................... 48 2.3.2.6. Detailed tourism and recreational analysis in selected areas ....................................................... 57 2.3.3. Nature Conservation ...................................................................................................................... 67 2.4. Harmonisation of Austrian and Hungarian landscape types ‐ LFT and LCT ...................................... 71 2.4.1. Defining landscape character types – methodological approach ..................................................... 71 2.4.2. Description of the landscape character types in the Fertő/Neusiedlersee landscape ........................ 77 2.5. Potential landscape functions ........................................................................................................ 96 2.5.1. Constructed vegetation types ........................................................................................................ 96 2.5.2. Capacity matrix ............................................................................................................................ 101 2.5.3. Area‐weighting ............................................................................................................................ 102 2.6. Concept of actual services assessment......................................................................................... 102 2.6.1. Habitat and regional approach: provision, habitat, regulation, carrier (partly) ............................... 103 2.6.1.1. Sampling and identification of representative validation areas ................................................. 103 2.6.1.2. Service assessment ................................................................................................................. 106 2.6.2. Socio‐cultural approach: information services and touristic services ......................................... 110 2.6.2.1. Socio‐cultural approach: information services .......................................................................... 110 2.6.2.2. Socio‐cultural approach: touristic services ............................................................................... 124 2.6.3. Upscaling of Landscape function values from single landscape elements to LFTs ......................... 134 2.7. Seville criteria (WP 4) .................................................................................................................... 136 2.7.1. General description of Seville strategy .......................................................................................... 136 2.7.2. Seville conform Leitbild creation .................................................................................................. 137 3. Results .......................................................................................................................................... 140 3.1. Potential landscape functions ...................................................................................................... 140 3.1.1. Constructed Vegetation types ..................................................................................................... 140 3.1.2. Potential landscape functions ....................................................................................................... 141 3.2. Actual landscape services ............................................................................................................ 145 3.2.1. Examples of validation areas and indicators ................................................................................. 145 3.2.2. Spiderwebs of each Landform / LCA ............................................................................................ 149 3.3. Comparison of Potential landscape functions and actual services spiderwebs (3 axes) ................. 154 3.4. Results from stakeholder participation process ............................................................................ 156 3 3.4.1. Communication with decision maker ........................................................................................... 156 3.4.2. Expert Workshop for evaluation of landscape functions in Rust ................................................... 156 3.4.3. Information workshops in Illmitz 2009 and 2011 .......................................................................... 162 4. Discussion ....................................................................................................................................