National Livestock Breeding Policy Guidelines and Strategies for Sri Lanka
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TheThe NationalNational LivestockLivestock BreedingBreeding PolicyPolicy GuidelinesGuidelines andand StrategiesStrategies forfor SriSri LankaLanka Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Development Department of Animal Production & Health, P.O.Box 13, Gatambe, Peradeniya. The National Livestock Breeding Policy Guidelines and Strategies for Sri Lanka Department of Animal Production and Health P.O. Box 13, Gatambe, Peradeniya Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Development No: 45,St. Micheal’s Rd,Colombo 3 2010 ISBN NO: 978-955-0355-01-3 Contents Page No 1. Preface 1 2. National Animal Breeding Committee 2 2.1 Composition 2 2.2 Duties and Functions 2 2.3 Members of the National Animal Breeding Committee 3 2.4 Members of the sub Committee to Revise the Animal Breeding Policy 3 3. General Definitions 4 3.1 Management Systems 4 3.1.1 Cattle and Buffaloes 4 3.1.2 Goats and Sheep 4 3.1.3 Swine 5 3.2 Animal Types 5 3.2.1 Dairy type 5 3.2.2 Draught type 5 3.2.3 Meat type 5 3.2.4 Dual type 5 3.3 Genetic Groups of Livestock 6 3.3.1 Cattle 6 3.3.2 Buffaloes 6 3.3.3 Goats 6 3.3.4 Sheep 6 3.3.5 Swine 6 4. Review of the Livestock Breeding Activities in Sri Lanka 7 5. Agroclimatic Zones of Sri Lanka 11 5.1 Agroclimatic Zones of Sri Lanka 12 5.2 Central Province 13 5.3 Sabaragamuwa Province 14 5.4 Uva Province 15 5.5 Southern Province 16 5.6 Western Province 17 5.7 North Western Province 18 5.8 North Central Province 19 5.9 Eastern Province 20 5.10Northern Province 21 5.11 Salient Features of Agroclimatic Zones 22 i ContentsContents Page No 6. Cattle Breeding 23 6.1 Cattle Breeding in the Field 24 6.1.1 Up Country Wet Zone 24 6.1.2 Up Country Intermediate Zone 25 6.1.3 Mid Country Wet Zone 26 6.1.4 Mid Country Intermediate Zone 27 6.1.5 Low Country Wet Zone 28 6.1.6 Low Country Intermediate Zone 29 6.1.7 Low Country Dry Zone 30 6.2 Cattle Breeding in the Nucleus Farms 31 7. Buffalo Breeding 33 7.1 Buffalo Breeding in the Field 34 7.1.1 Whole Country 34 7.2 Buffalo Breeding in the Nucleus Farms 34 8. Goat Breeding 35 8.1 Goat Breeding in the Field 36 8.1.1 Up Country Wet Zone 36 8.1.2 Up Country Intermediate Zone 36 8.1.3 Mid Country and Low Country 37 8.2 Goat Breeding in the Nucleus Farms 38 9. Sheep Breeding 39 9.1 Sheep Breeding in the Field 40 9.1.1 Whole Country 40 9.2 Sheep Breeding in the Nucleus Farms 40 10. Pig Breeding 41 10.1 Pig Breeding in the Field 42 10.1.1 Whole Country 42 10.2 Pig Breeding in the Nucleus Farms 42 11. Indigenous Livestock 43 11.1 Breeding of Indigenous Livestock 44 11.2 Some Facts About Indigenous Livestock in Sri Lanka 45 12. Role of the State and Private Sector Agencies in Implementation of the Breeding Policy 47 Annexure I: Continuous grading up of existing population with exotic types 49 Annexure II: Grading up of existing population with exotic breed up to 75% blood level 50 Annexure III: Grading up of existing population with exotic breed up to 50% blood level 51 Annexure IV: Production of two way and three way crossbred pigs under 3-tier system 52 13. Acknowledgments 53 ii Th e Na n tio al Anima l B reed in P g ol cyi Guidelines &St rate g ei s for Si r La n ak 1. Preface 01 The Department of Animal Production and Health of the Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Development is pleased to present “The National Livestock Breeding Policy, Guidelines and Strategies for Guidelines and Breeding Policy, National Livestock present “The pleased to Development is The Document captioned “The National Breeding Policy for Dairy cattle in Sri Lanka” was first published in published first was Lanka” Sri in cattle Dairy for Policy Breeding National “The captioned Document The Sri Lanka” Sri January 1989 focusing on Cattle Breeding activities in the field and subsequently in October 1994 “The National Breeding Policy Guidelines for Livestock in Sri Lanka” was published focusing on cattle, buffaloes, cattle, on focusing published was Lanka” Sri in Livestock for Guidelines Policy Breeding National goats, sheep and pigs both in state farms and in the field. the in and farms state in both pigs and sheep goats, Since it has been well over fifteen years from last publication a need arose to revise these guidelines utilizing guidelines these revise to arose need a publication last from years fifteen over well been has it Since the experiences gained while practicing the former guidelines. Accordingly this document has been revised been has document this Accordingly guidelines. former the practicing while gained experiences the by a Revision Sub Committee appointed by the National Animal Breeding Committee. Breeding Animal National the by appointed Committee Sub Revision a by This document covers the national breeding policy guidelines for cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep and pigs both in the field and in the state farms. The document also includes new sections on conservation and utilization of indigenous animal genetic resources realizing the value of indigenous breeds and the necessity the and breeds indigenous of value the realizing resources genetic animal indigenous of utilization to conserve and develop them. The need to apply long term strategies in cross breeding programmes while programmes cross breeding in strategies term long apply to need The them. develop and conserve to Artificial insemination in cattle was first established in Sri Lanka in 1937 and seventy years of cross conserving the indigenous animal genetic resources is highlighted. is resources genetic animal indigenous the conserving breeding and up grading programmes carried out in Sri Lanka have led to the existing animal population with varying degrees of genetic make up and production potential which can not be harnessed due to poor to due harnessed be not can which potential production and up make genetic of degrees varying with The choice of breeds and definition of breeding goals in relation to the prevailing environmental and management systems adapted and the scarcity of proper records. proper of scarcity the and adapted systems management management systems adapted by farmers, the knowledge and skills of all stakeholders in livestock industry livestock in stakeholders all of skills and knowledge the farmers, by adapted systems management and proper recording system will result in successful application of breeding policy laid down in this document to implement a sustainable breeding programme in Sri Lanka to achieve self sufficiency in milk in sufficiency self achieve to Lanka in Sri programme breeding sustainable a implement to document Dr. A.D.N.Chandrasiri Dr. General Director Health and Production Animal of Department and other livestock produce. livestock other and Tnhe Natio al Animal Breedi ng Policy Guidelines & S trategi r i nes fo Sr L a k a 2. NationalAnimalBreedingCommittee 2.2 DutiesandFunctions c.Reviewandrecommendationofthebreedingstrategiesperiodically b.Decisionmakingontheintroductionofnewgermplasmintocountry a.Planing,monitoringandcoordinationoftheanimalbreedingactivities The maindutiesandfunctionsoftheNationalAnimalBreedingCommitteeare entrepreneurs engagedinlivestockbreeding. and AnimalScience,FacultyofAgriculturePrivate Livestock DevelopmentBoard,FacultyofVeterinaryMedicine Departments ofAnimalProductionandHealth,National Department ofAnimalProductionandHealth,Provincial Development, andcomprisedofmembersfromtheMinistry, the Secretary,MinistryofLivestockandRuralCommunity animal breeding.Thiscommitteeisappointedby and privatesectoragenciesonallmattersrelatedto formed bytheMinistrytoprovideguidancestate National AnimalBreedingCommittee(NABCo)is 2.1 Composition 02 T e N National Animal Breeding Committee h a n 2. 3 Members of the National Animal Breeding Committee t i o Dr. A.O. Kodituwakku Additional Secretary /LD Ministry of Livestock &Rural Community Development a Department of Animal Production and Health Dr. A.D.N. Chandrasiri Director General l An Dr. Mrs. H.M.S.P. Herath Former Director General Department of Animal Production and Health i Dr. C. Pathiraja Chairman National Livestock Development Board m l Faculty of Veterinary Medicine &Animal a B Prof. B.M.O.A.Perera Senior Professor Science, University of Peradeniya. Prof. Mrs. Pradeepa Silva Professor Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya r Professor e in P Prof. C.M.B. Dematawewa Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya ed Faculty of Veterinary Medicine &Animal Dr. Basil Alexander Senior Lecturer Science, University of Peradeniya Former Director/ Dr. Wasantha Piyadasa Ministry of Livestock &Rural Community Development Animal Breeding g ol cy Dr. B. Sivayoganathan Director/ Animal Breeding Ministry of Livestock &Rural Community Development Dr. D.R.T.G. Ratnayaka Director/ Animal Breeding Department of Animal Production and Health i Dr. Mrs. M.M.J. Amunugama Provincial Director Provincial Department of APH ( Central) Gu Deputy Director / Mr. D.V.S.de S. Gamage Veterinary Research Department of Animal Production and Health i Assistant Director/ d Mr. A.S. Premasundara Dairy Development Department of Animal Production and Health e li Dr. S.C. Kaduwela Assistant General Manager National Livestock Development Board n Deputy Director`/ e Dr. L.W.N. Samaranayaka Department of Animal Production and Health s Animal Breeding St Dr. Mrs. W.M.S.P. Weerasinghe Veterinary Research Department of Animal Production and Health & Officer 2. 4 Members of the Sub Committee to r a g Revise the Animal Breeding Policy te e 1.Dr.A.O.Kodituwakku (Chairman) 2.Dr. A.D.N. Chandrasiri (Convenor) i s 3.Dr.Mrs.H.M.S.P.Herath 4.Dr. B. Sivayoganathan f 5.Prof. Mrs. Pradeepa Silva or 6.Mr. A.S. Premasundara i 7.Dr. D.R.T.G. Ratnayaka S 8.Prof. C.M.B. Dematawewa r a 9.Dr. S.C. Kaduwela L n a 10.Dr.