FINAL considerations 2151 2152 * * * The results of up to date scientific research, including results of current scientific research, and other pending studies (fundamental, heuristic, longitudinal and panel studies), of empiric and theoretical character, clearly confirm two initial, basic, relevant, fundamental empiric and scientific facts surrounding contemporary events and situations in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the end of the 20th century: - first, aclassic armed aggression was carried against the Republic od Bosnia and Herzegovina, that is, crime against peace and safety of humanity, which is, according to basic interpretation, understanding and definition, an international armed conflict, and - second, the gravest crime of all was committed in the occupied territories of an independent and internationally recognized Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a member of the United Nations, in towns under siege and in the territory of the United Nations – UN Safe Areas, including the free territories, against Bosniacs, members of (protected) national, ethnic, and religious groups as such – a crime of genocide. Serbian nationalistic elite (intellectual, political, military, and clerical), in the nineties of the 20th century, based on a political and genocidal project – Serbian great-state project “all Serbs in one state”, whose primary objective is made of setting up a single (great) Serbian state in the Balkans, in which “the whole Serbian population” would live – “uniting all Serbs in the same state structure”, which (project) along with the Yugoslav program, has lived among the Serbian ideas for more than two centuries, resulted in an internal crisis in the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia and devastated a common state; 2153 - The Milošević’s nationalistic politics and practice of massive meetings and demonstrations (around five million people participated in the 1988-1989 demonstrations) and the methods of coup (“bureaucratic anti- revolution”) removed (in late 1988 and early 1989) in Serbia, Vojvodina, Kosovo, and Montenegro, the legitimately elected leadership and “unwanted” personnel; - The Republic of Serbia, by the revision of the 1974 Constitution, and adoption of the new Constitution on 28 September 1990, annulled the autonomy of Vojvodina and Kosovo, and practically got separated (from SFRY), destroyed the SFRY constitutional order (carried out the coup d’état against the federal Constitution and “legal aggression against the constitutional system of Yugoslavia”), assumed functions of “new independent Serbian state”, thus excluded itself from the SFRY legal system, which was the gravest offense according to the SFRY laws, and finally began with the establishment of Great Serbia even before the (multi- party) elections; - a collaborator regime was set up in Montenegro; - the Republic of Serbia attacked the SFRY monetary system (9 January 1991) – Slobodan Milošević seized reserves in gold, kept abroad, worth 1.4 billion USD; - a process of homogenization of Serbs was expedited, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina; - a political project – unification of all Serbs – setting up of a great, ethnic (Serbian) state was massively supported by the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Association of writers in Serbia, Serbian Orthodox church, Yugoslav national army (“YNA”)/Army of Yugoslavia, political and cultural institutions, along with, unfortunately, massive nonselective support of Serbian people; Intent (mens rea) of this criminal act, based and demonstrated in Serbian, as well as in Croatian, great-state project was to occupy and destroy the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and “finally resolve” the Muslim 2154 issue – destruction of Bosniacs or their downsizing to insignificant ethnic and religious group. The pseudo-state creations and servile fifth-column from Bosnia and Herzegovina acted obediently and as direct associates and executors in these criminal activities (“Croatian community Herzeg- Bosnia”/“Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia”, “Republic of Serbians in Bosnia and Herzegovina”/“Republika Srpska” and “Autonomous Province of West Bosnia”) and from the Republic of Croatia (“Republic of Serbian Krajina”). The state aggressors (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Croatia), applying the Nazi models, designed, planned, prepared, organized, set up, supervised, armed, trained, and issued orders to these collaborators. However, they served as marionette regimes of the aggressor states, which guided and controlled them, as they were dependent of them. In fact, they acted in their name – as the authorities of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Croatia. To achieve this criminal enterprise, the aggressors, particularly Serbia and Montenegro, in line with the strategic plans, executed the planned activities: - constitutional concept of defense of SFRY was destroyed; - Republics and Provinces were deprived of their sovereign rights in the area of organization and supervision over the territorial defense, equal component of the SFRY armed forces, so that they were subordinated and placed under the full control of YNA; - Territorial defense of Bosnia and Herzegovina was downsized and disarmed, including some other constituent elements of SFRY; - YNA was “transformed” from antifascist, Yugoslav, peoples, and multiethnic army to great-Serbian army; - Fascistic movements were renewed and the great-Serbian and great-Croatian movements escalated; - Methods, mechanisms, and acts of planning, organization, and preparation of crimes were defined; 2155 - Principle agreement (March 1991) on destruction of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was made between the heads of neighboring states (Pact Milošević - Tuđman); - Boundaries of “great Serbia” and “great Croatia” were defined; - The fifth column (great-Serbian and great-Croatian) of the neighboring states was set up in Bosnia and Herzegovina; - Initial positions for the aggression and other criminal activities, including the genocide against Bosniacs were taken; - - Control and command in the occupied territories were unified in hands of the heads of neighboring states – forces of occupation; - Responsible function holders for specific activities under certain conditions were identified and appointed; their objectives, methods, means, and effects were identified – results and consequences. These are the crimes against humanity and international law, grave violations of international humanitarian law, based in fascistic ideology, politics, and practice, which were operationalized through two great- state projects, two genocidal policies, two joint criminal enterprises, two nationalistic movements, two states, two or better to say three collaborators and fifth-column creations, two armed forces, four collaborator armed formations and many more other armed units and groups, including foreign mercenaries (Russians, Greeks, etc.). Such a fascistic ideology, politics, and practice, of aggressive and genocidal character, aimed at setting up of great- Serbian and great-Croatian state to the detriment of the independent and sovereign Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Objective of those ideologies and policies was the aggressive war aimed at expansion of territory (“war for territories”, territorial expansion), war for “living space”, for stealing the Bosnia and Herzegovina land, and destruction of Bosniacs, national, ethnic, and religious group as such. 2156 Findings of the up to date studies identified and stated scientific facts, which confirm and prove the scientific truth, whose important determinants, inter alia, are: - the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and genocide against Bosniacs were planned (intellectually, ideologically, politically, militarily, economically, psychologically, by means of media and intelligence, etc.) with clear objectives, ordered, directed, organized, and pursued from competent political and military positions, executed as per plan, systematically, and organized; - the Belgrade and Zagreb regimes, under the leadership of Slobodan Milošević and Franjo Tuđman: planned, prepared, directed, organized, and pursued aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and genocide against Bosniacs; controlled and commanded the aggression; operationally planned, prepared, directed, and with their own armed forces (Yugoslav national army/Yugoslav Army, Croatian Army, “Army of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina”/“Republika Srpska Army”, “Republic of Serbian Krajina”, “Croatian Defense Council” and “National defense of the Autonomous Province of West Bosnia”) waged military operations against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; ensured manpower (commanders and soldiers), full logistic and financial support (tanks, transporters, helicopters, artillery and infantry weapons, radars, explosives, ammunition, fuel, oils, and other strategic raw materials), medical material, healthcare insurance and all other military equipment, salaries and pensions, and in this way directly participated in commission of genocide and other forms of crimes against humanity and international law; - armed aggression, the aggressive war against Bosnia and Herzegovina, was an essential component of the Milošević’s and Tuđman’s state policies, in whose names the biggest portions of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina were occupied, and Bosniacs killed, expelled, and taken to concentration camps, just on the ground of their national, ethnic, or religious background and conquering