July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 1 2 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 From the CEO’s Desk...

President Dr. MJ Khan CEO & Group Editor Mamta Jain Group Executive Editor Rajni Shaleen Chopra Editor Agri News Sanjay Kumar Andhra Pradesh Satish Babu Gadde Assam Jyoti Bikash Nath Bihar Girendra Narayan Haryana The Changing Dynamics of Indian Agriculture Bijender Singh Dalal he pandemic has exposed both the strengths and the vulnerabilities Himachal Pradesh of India’s agri food systems. It has emphasized the need for Rakesh Kumar agricultural market reforms and digital solutions to connect Karnataka farmers to markets, create safety nets, ensure reasonable working Santosh Langer conditions, and decentralize our agri food systems to make them Maharashtra moreT resilient. Pasha Patel Madhya Pradesh Agriculture has the power to revive the Indian economy post Covid. Are we Rakesh Dubey on the right track for this mission? Do we have what it takes to meet the Punjab challenges of these changing dynamics? Puneet Singh Thind Rajasthan Speaking at an event recently, Dr Ashok Dalwai, Chairman, PM’s Taskforce Parvinder Singh Chauhan on Doubling Farmers Income said, “We now need to bring equilibrium

STATE HEADS OF ATG BUREAUS Tamil Nadu between the demand and supply. We need to focus on markets. Liberalize Raju Narasimman agriculture, make it more market friendly so that it is the demand and the Telangana prices that become an incentive for farmers to produce what the domestic Jaipal Reddy and global markets demand.” Uttar Pradesh Umesh Shukla Rising income, urbanisation, a change in dietary preferences, socio- Uttarakhand demographic factors, increased awareness about the health benefits of fruits Narendra Singh Mehra and vegetables, food industry marketing and policies of trade liberalisation over the past two decades have been major market drivers for the growth of Admin & IT Head - Anil high value agriculture. Escalating agricultural exports are playing an important role in expanding the activities of the agriculture sector. They are generating IT Manager - Ankit robust employment opportunities and diversifying agricultural operations. Assistant Editor - Rida Business Manager - Tasmin Digital innovations, effective climate risk mitigation strategies, start-up Web Designer - Deepak ecosystems, the strengths of Farmer Producer Organisations and water management initiatives will be some of the SUPPORT TEAM Circulation - Rajkumar key emerging trends that promise an exponential growth curve for Indian Agriculture. Streamlining of policies and creation of the required Graphic Designer infrastructure is essential. We shall also A. Rehman benefit from the infusion of digital solutions

DESIGN in agri-business. The digital innovation shall facilitate better quality, traceability, logistics Publisher & Printer – Dr. MJ Khan on behalf of M/s Con- and distribution and strengthening of all cept Agrotech Consultants Limited, Published from 306 links in the value chain. Rohit house Tolstoy Road New Delhi-110001 and printed by Everest Press E-49/8, Okhla Industrial Area-II New Delhi-110020 Indian agriculture and the allied sectors are Phone No. 011-23731129 Fax No.011- 23731130 discovering new technologies such as IoT E-mail: [email protected] and agri drones. The government, industry [email protected] and research institutions should form a No part of this magazine can be reproduced, imitated or consortium to respond to this new normal. transmitted in any form, including electronic, mechanical, In this way, agri-tech start-ups can flourish photocopying, recording or any information stage retrieval and meet the demands of Indian farmers. system or extracted in any way without permission from the publishers. Views expressed in the magazine need not Happy Reading necessarily be those of the Editor / Publisher.

www.agriculturetoday.in Page in the magazine: 68

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 3 Farmers’

y 2021 Welfare ul 12

Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank Union Education Minister, Government of India

The CEO’s Desk 03 From the PresIdent’s Desk 06 From the Executive Editor’s Desk 07 Government Support VOLUME XXIV | ISSUE 7 j Will try to address all issues of seed industry: 08 Shri Parshottam Rupala 21 Youth in Agriculture Transforming Bharat Dr Raj Paroda Additional Profit Generation in Farm Produce 24 Pulse Milling Operations NAFED: Meeting India’s Processed Pulse Needs 28 Agri Ecosystems Making Small Farmers Self-Reliant 14 Healthy Farmers During Kharif 36 Mr Ajay S Shriram Tech Support T echnology Adoption Essential to Minimise Losses 38 Way To Grow Entrepreneurship Through Oil Plant Establishment 40 16 Route to Revolution Industry Speak T ransition Towards Energy-Smart Production mr Deepak Jain Systems 42 Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Innovative infrastructure approach in Sukhet Model 46 Vision and Support Maximizing AI For Agri Growth 48 18 The Way Ahead One Planet, One health Direct Seeded Rice - The Right Choice 50 Mr Ram Kaundinya

Content Agri Vision Successful Kharif Season Amidst the Pandemic 52 Agri Science Mobile Apps: Timely Info, Better Decision-Making 54 22 Agri Challenges Emerging Markets Major Barriers for Sustainable Agriculture 56 Dr Madhaiyaan Eye On Future Angamuthu How Covid Has Changed the Rules of the Game 58 technovation A gri Logistics in the Age of Disruption 60 Duck Farming- A Profitable Source of Livelihood 64 62 Agri Aspirations Strengthening Combining Agriculture With Cutting Edge Grassroots Technologies 65 Effective Ways of Storing Post-Harvest mr Gagan Pal Farm Produce 66 4 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 5 From the PresIdent’s desk

Special Clusters and Agri-Export Zones Can Immensely Boost Farmers’ Income

ndia’s agricultural exports have rapidly grown in recent years to reach $40 billion annually. With rapidly changing times and evolving market requirements, there are newer challenges that need to be identified and addressed for elevating India’s position in international trade. The government bodies, service agencies, exporters, agribusiness companies and agro startups have to play an aggressive roleI to tap the booming export market opportunities and sustaining growth. Is the export of agricultural produce a dream that must be limited to only those farmers who own large tracts of land? No. Our small and marginal farmers can unlock Dr. M.J. Khan their huge potential if they come together for a cluster-based approach to farming. The situation demands alternate models that shall increase the scalability and profitability of farming. There are many examples in the last few years where farmers have immensely benefited from the cluster-based approach. Formation of FPOs promises great opportunity to translate this dream into reality. The institutional mechanism, which farmers can leverage on for economy of scale and for professional support, can certainly help farmers effectively connect with the national and global markets. The will of the farmers for pursuing collective success is crucial. At the same time, the farmers need a support system in which they can flourish. The public sector plays a crucial role here. The state government and other public institutions can play a vital role in the formation of a cluster in their respective areas which specializes in the production of some specific agro produce. States have crucial role to play. Under the new agro exports policy, APEDA is already entering into MoUs with the States to help them boost up export related efforts. The various institutions of the state must come forward to provide the technical and commercial expertise to the farmers to develop the cluster, and also the loans to support the pursuit of development. State institutions can support the cluster in various other ways. The state marketing boards can collect technical and market information for producers. The agriculture produce marketing boards or even the agro industries corporations of the states can take the initiative to collaborate with the support agencies and farmers in order to support the cluster. The state governments can provide guidance and training sessions and quality testing systems for farmers so that their produce meets the international standards. The collaborative approach of the national level institutions also plays a vital role in the development of a state-specific cluster. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) has initiated a number of steps to support the export of agricultural produce from various specialized clusters in the country. Through such collaborative approaches, agri-export zones have been developed in various parts of the country. These initiatives have been successful, and promise immense possibilities for the farmers and the country’s future of agro exports.

6 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 from THE executive editor’S desk

Black Wheat, and How Our Youth Are Leading The Change

ovid has gifted us immense learning in terms of food products that build our immunity and resilience. In several farmer groups on social media, I observed a spike in the production of black wheat as a premium product. I learnt that black wheat has many health benefits and has many important nutrients which boost immunity. CWhen a young farmer engaged in the production of black wheat in Punjab connected with me through the reference given by a friend, I was intrigued by the product. The sixth-generation farmer, Vidur Ahuja, has taken up the production of black wheat at his farmland in Fazilka district, one of our border areas. He has also RAJNI SHALEEN CHOPRA taken upon himself to market the product. One would think that Covid stress and the demand for immunity boosting products would make black wheat fly off the shelves. Such is not the case. Many such agricultural products have a relatively higher price tag. Hence only a select group of buyers can afford them on a regular basis. Vidur markets black wheat for Rs 100 a kg. Vidur reveals that the production of black wheat is perhaps the simplest part of the value chain. He has taken care that black wheat is grown without chemicals. The tougher part has been ensuring that at the time of grinding, black wheat does not get mixed with the white wheat at the atta chakki. So the entire chakki has to be cleaned and washed and then black wheat is grinded. This entire process gives high overheads to black wheat, adding to its cost. Vidur says he has realized that even though people have a high interest in immunity-building products, the shift to black wheat shall not be total. Culturally we identify with the golden brown roti. Vidur has received a good demand for the product in cities like Delhi, Bhopal, Ludhiana, Shimla, Lucknow etc. So yes, there is a definite niche market where such products can flourish. With our youth leading the charge, the future looks bright.

Vidur Ahuja with his farm workers at Fazilka where he has grown black wheat

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 7 Youth in Agriculture

Advisory Agents, Input Providers, Entrepreneurs Youth Can Link Farmers to Markets More Effectively griculture is an engine of growth in the econo- my of most Asian countries. It is quite diversi- fied from country to country. This is the region which has experienced Green, White and Blue Revolutions. Lately, we are witnessing Rain- Abow Revolution also through increased fruits and vegeta- bles production, which has even excelled total foodgrains production. All these revolutions had been science-led and contributed a great deal to the household food and income security despite four-fold increase in India’s population since independence. Agricultural sector has helped several countries such as India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand in improving their economies. In fact, the then importing countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam are now ex- porting rice and other agricultural commodities. Currently, we are facing the second generation problems of Green Revolution like factor productivity decline, concern of poor soil health, water ta- ble decline, biodiversity depletion, greater incidence of diseases and pests and above all the adverse

Dr Raj Paroda is Chairman, Trust for Advancement of Agricultural Sciences (TAAS). He is former Secretary, DARE, Govt. of India and Director General, ICAR. Dr Paroda was awarded several awards, including Padma Bhushan in 1998. He was President of Indian Science Congress in 2001. He is recipient of Honorary D Sc Degree from 20 agricultural universities from India and abroad

8 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Youth in Agriculture

sustainable, for example, maize-soybean We are facing the second generation problems of Green combination in the USA, which has sus- Revolution like spectral productivity decline, concern of tained agriculture production for many soil health, water decline, biodiversity depletion and also decades now. Also, the efficiency of nutrients being with regard to vagaries of climate change used (around 33.6 million tons) is barely 30 per cent. This has to be enhanced. Also, we must discourage flood irrigation impact of climate change. The region is and promote the use of micro-irrigation also faced with two important sustainable aggressively. Conservation agriculture development goals (SDGs) - zero hunger (CA) in dryland areas using no till or zero and no poverty. In order to address these, tillage approach is likely to give rich divi- we need to bring in perceptible change in dends. CA has been found highly suc- our farm and farming practices. We need cessful in many parts of the world, es- to focus more on innovations and bring pecially in Latin America, USA, Canada, a paradigm shift from genetic enhance- Europe and Australia covering around ment to that of sustainable use of natural Dr Paroda loves to listen to 205 million hectares. resources, being the second pillar of sus- old songs, talk to friends, play Also, it is critical to understand that tainable agriculture. chess and spend time with we do not waste what we produce. This grandchildren would require emphasis on value addi- Need for Scaling Innovations tion, processing and storage infrastruc- In the present context, developing coun- ture and better marketing opportunities. tries, including India, must lay greater increased exorbitantly and the returns In fact, we have done extremely well in all emphasis on new innovations which defi- from inputs have considerably declined. areas such as horticulture, animal, poul- nitely will help in improving production, Availability of water is also reduced. try/ egg or fish production. Considering diversification in agriculture and also Therefore, scaling of innovations aim- our rich agrobiodiversity, we see great value addition to reap higher income. In ing at natural resource management is potential for its adaptation to climate doing so, we need to ensure that the cra- critical. We need to focus on ‘One Health’ change. Also, the need for reorienting ag- dles of Green Revolution are there, viz., concept, which includes soil health, plant ricultural research from commodity and policy support from government, good health, animal health and also human crop approach to that of farming systems number of proven institutions and human health. In addition, farmers in Asia will approach, while addressing the needs resource and willing and progressive have to embrace secondary and special- of smallholder farmers is fully justified. farmers to adopt new technologies and ity agriculture. To attain this, the country needs to at policies. Unfortunately, youth is not interested least double the current expenditure on Among the existing challenges, in traditional agriculture. They wish to agricultural R&D with emphasis on scal- economic return to farmers is a major diversify from cereal-centric approach ing innovations that make a difference in one. Over the years, the input cost has to cereal-legume rotation, being more the income of farmers. In general, 1.0 per

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 9 Youth in Agriculture

cent of agricultural GDP is justified for meeting formidable challenges. Unfortu- We have to scale up innovations which are likely to help us in nately, this support is currently ranging improving production, diversifying agriculture and ensuring between 0.3 to 0.6 % in most of the de- sustainable agriculture for time to come. We have to focus on value veloping countries in Asia (0.39% in In- dia). On the other hand, the returns from addition of our produce and ensure linking farmers to markets investment in agriculture sector is much higher (10- 15 times) than other sectors. change. they need to shift towards low volume Farm and farmers of the future would high value crops such as some special- Partnership for Farmers’ Welfare require an enabling environment such ized vegetables and flowers, seed spic- Smallholder farmers will have to align as: proper land, input and credit poli- es, medicinal plants etc and also go for themselves to either established Farmer cies, incentives instead of subsidy for the value addition. In the area of permanen- Producer Organisations (FPOs) or go for environmental services as well as good cy, the farmers will have to work towards contract farming, or establish Self Help agriculrural practices (GAP), including di- regenerative agriculture (RA) involving Groups (SHGs) or farmers’ cooperatives versification and conservation agriculture conservation agriculture (CA) practices (FCs) so as to link effectively with the for sustainable intensification (CASI). for sustainable intensification, organic markets. For this, the role of youth to pro- Farmers of future must ensure that the farming, less dependence on inorganic vide much needed advisory services as benefits of efficient farming also reach to fertilisers and more use of biofertilisers, paid extension agents or input providers the consumers. biopesticides, etc. Future farmers will or entrepreneurs will be highly critical. In the next two decades, I do see a have to increase productivity through This would need institutional backstop- significant shift towards diversified and greater dependence on vertical agricul- ping, hand holding and easy access to specialised agriculture. In this context, ture, protected cultivation, artificial intel- credit. In the process, it must be ensured farmers shall have to address the con- ligence (AI), use of robots and drones for that inputs are provided timely, inputs cerns of productivity, profitability and per- spraying pesticides, fertilisers and use of that cut cost for the farmers, like biofer- manency. For productivity, we will have Big Data in solving specific problems. In tilisers, biopesticides, fertigation, micro- to adopt innovations around genetically the process, I see an important role of irrigation, etc. Farmers would also be re- modified crops, whether soybean, corn, youth (including women) to make Indian quired to adopt secondary and specialty canola, and also have dependence on agriculture more attractive and remu- agriculture like raising of mushroom, genome-edited crops for better resist- nerative. specialty vegetables, flowers, medicinal ance to diseases and pests and also (Based on Dr Paroda’s address in an inter- plants, etc. Obviously, there seems to be for abiotic stresses. Youth will definitely national dialogue on ‘Farms and Farmers ample opportunities for raising farmers’ come forward in adopting and scaling of Future’ organised jointly by Purdue Uni- income provided there is willingness to these new innovations. For profitability, versity and USAID in March 2021)

10 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 ! " # $ % &' ( % & ) *+

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 11 Farmers’ Welfare Confluence of Agriculture and Education

uman history is evident in how civilizations and empires have emerged and thrived on the foundations of great agricultural practices. For a long time, India has primarily been an agro-based economy, with more than 55% of Hour population engaged in agriculture and allied activities. In our culture, the noble profession of agriculture is wor- shipped while farmers are revered as Ann-Daata. During the 1965 war, the then Prime Minister Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri gave the clarion call of Jai Jawan-Jai Kisan. This not only enthused our soldiers but also moti- vated the farmers to boost the agricultural productions. As our farmers toiled, India emerged victorious without depending on the food imports from other countries. Undoubtedly, agriculture is the key to achiev- ing Aatmanirbhar Bharat. I believe that it is the synthesis of education and agriculture that will play a crucial role in realizing this goal. There are a multitude of ways by which education positively impacts the agriculture sector. On the one hand, literacy enables a farmer to read and understand how to use chemical fertilizers and pesticides efficiently. On the other hand, numeracy allows a farmer to calculate the right amount of components to produce a greater output with better usage of current resources. The continuous advancements in science, research, and technol- ogy also impact the agricultural sector massively. The Green Revolu- tion in India is a case in point. With the subsequent progress in agri- cultural sciences and research made during the previous decades, the agriculture sector has contributed to nation-building. According to the Economic Survey 2020-21, the share of agriculture in In-

About the Author Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank is Union Education Minister, Government of India

12 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Farmers’ Welfare

India’s GDP increased to 19.9% in 2020- 21. Today, we are feeding millions of our citizens and sending tons of food aid to friendly countries during the pandemic, thereby enhancing India’s image globally. A robust ecosystem for agricultural edu- cation across the country can give further impetus to our agricultural sector. It gives me immense pleasure to share that our premier educational insti- tutes contribute to ameliorating the coun- try’s agriculture landscape. To name a few, IIT Kharagpur has a dedicated Agri- cultural & Food Engineering Department, which has been contributing to human resources development in the agricul- tural and food engineering sector in India. Likewise, IIT Kanpur aims to create an enabling ecosystem for students and re- in rural areas shall expand the horizon of cent graduates to develop deep technolo- their pre-existing knowledge of agricul- gies in the agriculture sector to empower There is massive potential ture and disseminate correct information smallholder farmers in solving various in agro-entrepreneurship to their families and communities. Third, challenges through the IAIN fellowship. I practical exposure will allow students to am sure that such initiatives being under- in India. Our government understand the subject betterand devel- taken by our educational institutions will has been undertaking op an entrepreneurial mindset from the positively impact agricultural education in school level itself. India in the long run. several initiatives to support In the higher education sector, univer- I also believe that there lies a mas- and give a boost to agro- sities shall aim to offer Ph.D. and Masters sive potential in agro-entrepreneurship in programs in multidisciplinary fields and India. Our government has been under- entrepreneurship in the professional areas like agriculture which taking several initiatives to support and will help create intellectual capital in the give a boost to agro-entrepreneurship in country agricultural sector. the country. Last year, we had organized With the NEP 2020, we aim to shift an Agri-Food Techathon, which was the the objective of agricultural education first initiative of its kind and dedicated to sized improving both the capacity and towards developing professionals who the agricultural sector. This Agri-Food Te- quality of agriculture and its allied disci- can utilize the fusion of local knowledge, chathon was launched to identify and se- plines to enhance agricultural productiv- traditional knowledge, and emerging lect novel concepts and innovative ideas ity through better-skilled graduates and technologies. At the same time, these for agri-food start-up incubation and help technicians, innovative research, and professionals shall also remain mindful transform these start-ups into success- market-based extension linked to tech- of critical issues adversely impacting the ful business ventures. In my opinion, by nologies and practices. agricultural sector, such as the decline in utilizing the potential of educated youth, At the school level, the policy recom- land productivity and climate change. creative ideas, and indomitable passion mends that schools/school complexes The implementation of these recom- for launching advanced technologies and hire eminent persons or experts as ‘mas- mendations will transform the way we business ideas, we can elevate the status ter instructors’ in various subjects such perceive agricultural education and pro- of Indian agriculture. as vocational crafts, entrepreneurship, vide the needful momentum to the agri- Today, there is also an imperative agriculture, or any other subject. I foresee cultural sector in India. The significance of need to align agricultural education with multifaceted benefits of this approach. the relationship between education and mainstream education. I am proud to First, our students in the urban schools agriculture cannot be overstated. With a share that with the National Education shall be introduced to basic agriculture fitting synergy between the two, we can Policy 20202, we have taken a great concepts, thereby igniting their curiosity surely realize the dream of New India of stride in this direction. We have empha- towards the subject. Second, our students the 21st century soon.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 13 Healthy Farmers Rural hinterland amid the second wave of Covid Even as the rural regions have been badly affected by the more transmissible second wave, their plight has been compounded by the paucity of healthcare in- frastructure. Vaccinating these cohorts first should be the top priority

ebruary 2021, and a sense of comfort and complacency had set in. The number of ac- tive Covid 19 were far and few and within manageable numbers. Economic activity was picking up with the hope that financial Fyear 2021-22 will witness robust growth. Then, almost by stealth, in end March cases began rising rapidly and peaked to unprecedented levels causing despair and helplessness. The virus spared almost no family and the healthcare system was overburdened. Even under such trying times, medical personnel and vol-

About the Author Mr Ajay S Shriram is Chairman & Senior Managing Director – DCM Shriram Ltd & Past President Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)

14 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Healthy Nation

unteers worked tirelessly to save lives and assist people, often at great personal risk. During the first wave, the virus spread was largely limited to urban areas while rural regions remained mostly unaffected. Unfortunately with the onset of the sec- ond wave rural India was overwhelmed. Inadequate healthcare infrastructure added to the enormity of the problem. Businesses that traded with rural India witnessed firsthand at the intensity of in- fections and loss of lives. Agricultural activities continued unin- terrupted during the second wave. But it was the non-agricultural segment that suf- fered greater losses because of repeated lockdowns and supply chain disruptions. vaccine supplies easing, priority should Sectors such as construction, rural indus- Spending by the poor will be for inoculating villagers. The hinter- tries, transport and trade suffered a huge lands need greater and more immediate loss of income. Employment in such ac- spur economic activity and access to vaccination considering the tivities is dominated by daily wage earn- get the get the economic lack of proper healthcare infrastructure. ers and they had to bear the brunt. Even cycle moving. We may Second, all primary health centres worse, the scope of recovering loss of should be stockpiled with oxygen and es- income was not an option. worry about inflation, but sential medicines to so that there is ad- Thankfully some of the learnings from the choice for the receiving equate preparedness. Third, employment must be ramped up by aggressively by the first wave came in use. There was segment is between no no hard lockdown, and limited services re-launching rural road and housing con- of trains and buses continued. We were income and some income struction projects. Lastly and most impor- spared of the sorry sight of migrant labour tantly, money needs to be transferred into being left in limbo. With substantial de- the hands of the rural poor. It has been cline in infections by end June, the impact done in the past and technology enables on agriculture production is expected to less landless labour. The question we it to be done quickly through Jan Dhan be minimal. Rabi harvesting and procure- need to ask ourselves is, is that enough? accounts. ment was conducted smoothly. The Agri Spending by the poor will spur eco- input supply chain is now well-equipped Spur Rural Spending nomic activity and get the get the eco- to meet sowing requirements during the The Central and state governments nomic cycle moving. Fears that cash in- upcoming Kharif season. Stable prices can take four steps to boost confidence fusion with trigger inflation are somewhat of agri commodities, reduced instances amongst the rural population. Firstly, with valid, but the choice for the receiving seg- of distress selling and a higher volume of ment is between no income and some in- exports have been a consolation. come, albeit with lower purchasing power. Sadly, confidence level amongst rural With a good monsoon the impact on households has been subdued due to de- the Indian Agriculture sector will be less cline of income, financial burden of health than what was estimated at the peak of care and loss of human lives. Early feed- the second wave. On the other hand, the back indicates lower spending on FMCG non-agri rural segment will need support, products and caution in acquiring con- both from government and corporate In- sumer durables. Under these compelling dia. As we head towards recovery, we conditions, the government needs to step must stay prepared for the third wave, in aggressively and help people recon- should it hit us. Building a robust ecosys- struct their lives post the second wave. tem to minimize the impact of the third MGNREGA has been a savior for count- wave is the need of the hour.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 15 Industry Speak OPPORTUNITIES FOR MSME IN FOOD PROCESSING IN POST COVID ERA

ndia is predominantly an agriculture based economy. Over 60 percent population is employed in this sector, and contributes about 17 percent to the national GDP. This figure in itself highlights the imbalance betweenI employment and the corresponding GDP ratio of this sector. Before going into into strategic management of this problematic ratio, let me disclose some figures for a better understanding of the challenges faced in the agriculture sector. The central government is giving financial support in the form of subsidy of around Rs 2 lakh crore to agriculture and related sectors in various forms. An additional Rs.15 lakh crore is disbursed as credit to farmers. Further, Rs 1.25 lakh crore is provided as infrastructure funds for agriculture and allied activities. India’s total food grain production is about 300 million tons, but the storage capacity is just 85 million tons. India produces about 350 million tons of perishable fruits and vegetables, the storage capacity is less than 70 million tons. Only about 7 to 10 percent food is processed in organized sector. The central government has introduced various schemes to address these gaps. Some of them are as follows: 1. Upgradation of individual Micro Food Processing Units through credit linked subsidies (PM FME Scheme) about the author 2. Capacity building and training support for the micro enterprise through entrepreneurship Mr Deepak Jain is an industrialist with over development, marketing, Udyog Aadhar, GST 40 years of experience. He is the Director Registration etc General of Federation of Indian Industry, a 3. Common Infrastructure Support non-profit organization to realize his vision for India’s economy. His expertise lies in the 4. Seed Capital to Self Help Groups MSME industry and its ecosystem 5. Various incentives on sales and investment

16 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 6. Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry to support creation of global food manufacturing giants and support Indian brands of food products in the international markets 7. Strengthening of institutions focussing on R&D in area of Food Processing 8. Skill Development to produce skilled workforce for various processes involved in food processing 9. Concept of Mega Food Park based on Cluster approach for setting up of contributing GDP from the same land. modern food processing units with well Convergence of these two sectors established supply chain infrastructure can benefit crores of people. including collection centres, primary India’s MSME sector is in trouble processing sectors, cold chains etc due to the Covid pandemic. Nearly Even with all the initiatives put 11 crore people dependent on it will forth by the government, it is clear that become unemployed. Some became achieving full potential of this sector unemployed last year, some might face would require Indian companies to the repercussions this year. Trained improve their competitive strength vis- manpower in MSME sector is struggling à-vis their global counterpart in term with unemployment. They are looking obtained at a higher cost of labour of scale of output, productivity, value for opportunities. involved. addition and their linkages with the On other hand, farmers are facing In an alternate scenario where there global value chain. issues where they are unable to get a are advanced technologies at play, only good price for their crop. one or two members of family would be Post-Covid Scenario It is time to strengthen Food engaged in farming activities. The other The projections of the market and the Processing sector by merging MSME members of the family can be trained to industry look different in the post-Covid and agriculture sectors, the joint be engaged in food processing business era. With the changing dynamics, strength can be used to benefit the of goods obtained from the same piece the plan of action for boosting the country. of land. food processing industry needs to be Bringing together the two sectors In the alternate scenario, the cost strategized in a new light. can lead to huge gains. In the invested in terms of human labour goes The initiatives taken by GOI Agriculture Sector, there will be value down. There is added profit from sale of have been formulated to address the addition. Farmers will get better prices processed foods, and an increase in current struggles faced by the sector, for their produce. Advancements in food be it the need for skill development or processing industry will help produce incorporation of better technology for higher quality and economically viable higher quality processed products. products. Marketing, food safety and These are the areas where our Quality Assurance Infrastructure will be MSMEs have always excelled in – provided by the skilled MSME workforce. skilled manpower and advanced This would boost the outreach technology. MSME sector boasts of both of processed goods in local market manufacturing and marketing strength. Mr Jain loves to listen to the and higher exports to international Both these are amiss in the agriculture ghazals of Pankaj Udhas and market through insulated/ refrigerated sector. enjoys watching action thrillers. transport, which are among the key In a typical scenario, there are He sings, reads and writes for strengths of the MSME sector. This is an roughly seven to eight members of a leisure. He is also extremely fond untapped potential with huge success of nature, travel, photography and family, all engaged in farming of a single projections of all three sectors: Food connecting with people piece of land. There is a limited produce Processing, Agriculture and MSME.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 17 One Planet Post-Harvest Management of Kharif Crops

Bullish Aintob theout textile value chainKh or intoa rif 2021 he monsoon has arrived. Kharif sowing is in full swing exports. Rice is the largest volume crop in some places while it is in this assortment. Most of it goes into completed in some others. warehouses, meant for buffer stock of There is a general feel good FCI, domestic consumption or exports. situationT about the Kharif prospects. With the Government’s programme to This is good news for the country in provide free food grains as COVID relief, general and for the farmers in particular. these stocks of rice will be needed. While we are very bullish about the Kharif prospects and the expected Losses at post-harvest stage about the authors production of more than 150m tons Good storage conditions and of food grains from this season, we practices are essential Mr Ram Kaundinya, is Director should also think of how we plan to for holding the General & Dr Ratna Kumria is manage the production that will come harvested Director (Biotechnology), Federation out. Come September, the harvesting crops in of Seed Industry of India season will start and eventually all good crops are covered all over the country by November. Important crops are Rice, Cotton, Maize, Soybean, Ground Nut, Jowar, Bajra and Vegetables. Among them Rice, Bajra and Vegetables go for human consumption. Soybean and Ground Nut will go for oil extraction. Kharif Jowar is mainly for animal feed purposes. Maize goes for animal feed or for export purposes. Cotton gets

18 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 One Health

is a need to review how much we are Contract farming holds prepared with these measures to reduce the key to get private losses in this Kharif. businesses to create the Technologies for post- harvest infrastructure in rural management Post-harvest strategies serve to areas to minimise post- reduce respiration rates, ripening, harvest losses decrease ethylene production, and consequently senescence, condition and for avoiding storage prevent dehydration, preserve losses. The Economic Survey of 2021 quality and extend the reported the 2013 post-harvest losses shelf-life of produce. These annually due to gaps at Rs. 44,000 cr at 2009 prices (page technological implementations in the cold chain such 254). The latest estimates at current include temperature reduction, as poor infrastructure, prices must be much higher. modification of the atmosphere, or insufficient cold storage A paper titled Assessment of mechanical or chemical treatments. capacity, unavailability of cold Quantitative Harvest and Post-Harvest Postharvest the produce is submitted to storages in close proximity to farms, Losses of Major Crops / commodities abiotic stresses. Strategies are needed poor transportation infrastructure, etc. in India written by Dr SN Jha of ICAR, to activate different metabolic pathways The paper also recommended Dr RK Vishwakarma of ICAR-Central to manage stress, attain homeostasis to certain measures like cold chain and Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering avoid undesirable quality traits that limit multi commodity cold storages and and Dr Tauqueer Ahmed and Dr Anil shelf-life. low-cost short duration structures for Rai, both of Indian Agricultural Statistics Inadequate management of reducing losses in vegetables. The Institute, was published in January controlled atmosphere packaging, report shows that the post-harvest 2016. It brought out certain interesting industrial processing and transport can technology in use in India is mostly facts about post-harvest losses. Losses cause major losses in nutritional quality, manual and dated. We need to adopted in cereals were estimated to be between outbreak of foodborne pathogens. This newer technologies and mechanization 4.65 pc to 5.99 pc and in pulses from may result in financial loss of supply to improve efficiency, save time and 6.36 pc to 8.41 pc, mainly due to chain management system as well as reduce losses. Most well-developed harvesting, threshing and poor storage farmers and consumers. operations are for sugarcane and at farm and wholesaler level. Technology improvement studies on oilseed. Vegetables are neglected. Use of improper threshers, delayed fruits and vegetables have increased As these are Kharif crops, there harvesting and improper storage understanding of ripening, development, practices were identified as the probable reasons. Losses in oilseeds were estimated between 3.08 pc to 9.96 pc. For ground nut, the losses went up to 12.3 pc. Reasons are almost the same as cereals and pulses. In vegetables, the losses were 6.7 pc to 15.88 pc. Harvesting, sorting/grading, transportation, storage at wholesaler and retailer level and lack of good storage at market level were the main reasons. According to another report, the annual storage losses were estimated to be 14 million ton of food grains worth $ 16,000 million every year. About from 30 per cent to 40 per cent of the fruits and vegetables grown in India (40 million tons amounting to US$ 13 billion) get wasted

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 19 One Health

require technological and credit support for better adoption and economic feasibility. Adoption is also impacted by food industry and consumer demand. Many private players entered the warehousing market with arrangements for loans to farmers through Warehouse Receipt system. This is an emerging field. Similarly silo based storage can save our grains from spoilage in storage. This is gaining prominence at policy level now. Both these trends can help us to eventually minimize post-harvest losses. But for this year, Kharif being a major season of production for us we have to ensure that all the above precautions are taken by both private operators and govt institutions to prevent post-harvest losses.

and senescence of different commodities like tomato, grapes, citrus, strawberry, peach, papaya, mango, and banana. Also, the mechanism of fungal or bacterial disease progression post-harvest is being focussed on. In case of staple grains primary processing produces decorticated grain, meal, and flour. Mechanization of these processes helps improve efficiency as well as prevents storage losses. Some of the harvesting techniques, threshing and field drying practices can improve the grain quality and prevent Transformative changes needed deterioration in storage. After harvesting and before reaching We have to go down the path of taking other initiatives, in the warehouses the quality of grain has to be maintained line with what was envisaged in the new farm market reforms well including moisture management, proper packing and brought through new Acts in 2020, to transform management transportation. About 4 to 8 pc losses occur before the grain of agricultural output through modern approaches like village reaches storage facilities. Good storage conditions including level micro processing, value chain development for domestic well-constructed warehouses, with timely fumigation and and export markets and modernize farm gate infrastructure rodent control will help in storing cereals and pulses in a big for drying, storing and transportation including village level way. mini cold storage systems and cold transport systems. Supply Fruit shrivelling and mechanical damage are another chains have to get shortened so that losses in the system are issue in maintaining fresh fruit quality. Quarantine procedures reduced, farmer and consumer are brought closer thereby and new postharvest technologies, such as edible coatings to increasing farmers’ share in consumer price. Digital platforms reduce nutrient losses (ascorbic acid and pigment oxidation) have to be created to overcome traditional bottlenecks in and dehydration, should be developed in order to expand linking farmers to markets and to large e-commerce platforms the market for fresh fruit. These techniques must be applied and retailers. Contract farming holds the key to get private on a commercial scale in order to improve the storability of businesses to create the infrastructure in rural areas to fruit nutrients and ensure juice safety requirements. However, minimise post-harvest losses. Large private investments have toxicity and potential allergenic hazards need to be studied, to be attracted by the states towards this end through a policy accompanied by a detailed fruit composition analysis for legal framework for a seamless system across country. regulation compliance. It is not possible to achieve all this for this Kharif but we Studies are ongoing to explore the possibility of using must start making the right efforts. States should announce the electromagnetic energy in pest dis-infestation to shorten policy framework, private industry should come forward, take treatment times and to reduce the adverse thermal effects of up small pilots to demonstrate success and give confidence to current lengthy treatments with hot water and air on product the farmers to make use of this modern approach to transform quality. their agriculture, reduce post-harvest losses and increase All these new protocols of good manufacture practices their income levels.

20 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Government Support Govt committed to safeguard farmers’ interest Will try to address all issues of seed industry: Shri Parshottam Rupala

he government is committed to safeguard the interests of farmers as they are primary stakeholders in any discus- sion on issues concerning agricultureT sector, said Mr Parshottam Rupala, Union Minister of State for Pan- chayati Raj, Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare at an ASSOCHAM virtual semi- nar today. “Farmers are primary for us, be it terms of suggestions, recommendations, policy or anything else that we come up with, all other stakeholders including the government, its officials and the industry are secondary,” said Mr Rupala address- ing the ASSOCHAM Webinar on the theme, ‘Paradigm Shift on Agri Inputs: Challenges & way Forward.’ Mr Kumar added, “We also intend to Noting that farmers should not suffer strengthen the seed certification agency due to issues arising between the gov- and boost infrastructure and manpower ernment and industry, the Minister said, support so that it brings down the cost of “This will help us in achieving the Prime seed certification.” He informed that gov- Minister’s vision of doubling farmers’ in- ernment is looking to produce newer va- come which has given a new dimension rieties of seeds in the PPP (public private In his address during the ASSO- to the entire agriculture policy of the gov- partnership) mode with the associations CHAM virtual seminar, Mr Ashwani Ku- ernment.” in the pulses and oil seeds sectors. mar, Joint Secretary-Seeds, Ministry of Providing better seeds is priority as Mr Aayush Marodia, Co-Chairman, Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare ensured it is the basic need to improve productiv- ASSOCHAM Agriculture Sub Coun- the industry that government will not ban ity then comes the technology and other cil: Eastern Region and Director, Pan truthful labelled seeds, but he urged the aspects, he asserted. “Whether we need Seeds spoke on the farmers’ need for industry to usher in transparency. to resolve issues pertaining to truthful la- quality seeds. Amid other experts who “While the major companies with ca- belled seeds or be it the smaller compa- addressed the ASSOCHAM webinar pacity provide certification and sell the nies facing issues in terms of certification included: Mr J.V. Ratnam, Senior AVP truthfully labelled seeds as their product and other challenges, it needs to be seen - Crop Protection, Coromandel Interna- but there are many small companies that that such issues do not impact the farm- tional Limited; Mr Ranjan D Sen, Chair- buy the seeds from market, get them cer- ers in any which way,” said Mr Rupala. He man, ASSOCHAM Agriculture Sub tified under truthful labs, we are holding added, “We need to ensure that farmers Council: Eastern Region; Dr Sanjay Ku- discussions with industry on provisions get timely, affordable, and quality seeds, mar, Director, ICAR- Indian Institute of to boost confidence of truthful labels and there can be no compromise in this re- Seed Science; Dr Gyanendra Shukla, ensure quality testing of their seeds,” he gard.” President & Director (CEO), JK Agri Ge- said. netics Limited.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 21 Emerging Markets

APEDA EFFORTS TO BOOST EXPORT MILLETS: THE LITTLE JEWELS illet is a common term to categorize small- seeded grasses that are often termed nutria-cereals, and Mincludes sorghum, pearl millet, ragi, small millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and other millets. Millets are the cereal crops generally small-seeded and known for high nutritive value. Increasing interest in reviving the consumption of millets across various countries is favoring the growth prospects of this market in recent years. The millets market is set to grow from its current market value of more than $9 HIGH DEMAND FOR MILLETS millets in infant food and nutrition billion to over $12 billion by 2025. Water withdrawals are predicted to products is increasing and many India is the global leader in millet increase by 50 percent by 2025 in manufacturers are expanding their production with share of around 38 developing countries, and 18 per cent business. Photo-insensitive and percent, and also the largest exporter. in developed countries. In 60 percent of resilient to climate India produces around 14 Million MT European cities with more than 100,000 change, millets of Millets annually. Millets exports from people, groundwater is being used at a are hardy, India have continuously increasing at faster rate than it can be replenished. resilient crops 12% CAGR in last 3 years. India’s major Millet grows easily in dry climate, that have a competitors are shown in table below: have smaller harvesting period and low carbon require minimal water quantity. and water INDIA EXPORTS OF MILLETS Growing inclination of urban footprint, can As per the data availability from DGCIS, population towards healthy food in withstand high during April-February, 2020-21 the export Asia Pacific. Millets contain calcium, temperatures of Millets was 79459 MT as against iron and fibers which helps to fortify and grow on 71203 MT during same period last year, essential nutrients for the healthy poor soils with which represent a growth of 11.6%. growth in children. The usage of little or no external about the author

Dr Madhaiyaan Angamuthu is an IAS officer of the Assam- Meghalaya Cadre, with ample experience in several key sectors of public administration. He is currently Chairman, Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), an apex organisation of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, GOI, created specifically for export promotion of agro and allied products from India

22 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Emerging Markets

H S Product 2019-20 (April-February) 2020-21 (April-February) Code Qty in MT Rs. Lacs US$ Mill Qty in MT Rs. Lacs US$ Mill 10081010 Buckwheat Of Seed Quality 12.45 14.67 0.02 22.43 13.49 0.02 10081090 Buckwheat Other Than Seed 6762.75 1515.45 2.14 1558.67 661.34 0.88 10082120 Millet (Bajra) Of Seed Quality 11346.59 4319.28 6.17 8341.61 2323.94 3.12 10082130 Millet (Ragi) Of Seed Quality 9068.97 2002.04 2.83 18683.76 4113.69 5.55 10082910 Millet (Jawar) Other Than Seed 385.46 170.64 0.24 554.73 233.51 0.31 10082920 Millet (Bajra) Other Than Seed 38930.76 9857.68 13.97 45242.61 9819.73 13.23 10082930 Millet (Ragi) Other Than Seed 4696.43 1239.59 1.75 5054.90 1202.92 1.62 Total 71203.41 19119.35 27.12 79458.71 18368.62 24.73 Source: DGCIS

Top Global Exporters of Millets Value in US Dollar thousand Exporters Year- 2017 Year- 2018 Year- 2019 United States of America 25849 38941 58678 India 22670 23921 28490 Ukraine 12648 7870 16778 France 6759 12079 12711 Dr Angamuthu is fond of Russian Federation 9839 9275 11694 gardening and the beautiful play Uzbekistan 0 0 5526 of the natural greens China 4751 3728 5236 Netherlands 2738 3225 5131 inputs. Austria 4223 4406 4884 The demand for gluten free food Canada 1536 1656 4265 products is increasing across the globe due to their benefits. Top 10 Total 91013 105101 153393 Other Countries 128802 107649 108795 APEDA’S INITIATIVES World 219815 212750 262188 To give impetus to the export of potential Source: ITC Trade Map products as well as to remove the bottlenecks in the supply chain of Nurti Cerelas, APEDA created Nutri Cereals Export Promotion Forum which also include Millets. A series of Virtual BSM meetings with Embassies, importers, Exporters and Product associations from India have been organized. The virtual sessions involved Millet exporters also. APEDA organized its first Virtual Trade Fair – India Rice and Agro Commodity Show, where participation of millet exporters was also organized. Virtual Buyer Seller Meets with Farmer Producers Organization and Millet Exporters of Andhra Pradesh was organized. A Sensitization programme of Millet Start- ups was organized to familiarize them about export opportunities.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 23 Transforming Bharat

Simple and Attractive Approaches Additional Profit Generation in Farm Produce ndian agriculture confronts with its sheer com- plexity, inadequate factor conditions, weather uncertainties and vagaries, multiplicity of schemes and multiple of institutions at farm level. Indian Farmer producers, who under- Itake farming cultivation in about 140 million op- erational holdings, constantly face the problems of not getting adequate remunerative prices for their produces. Due to involvement of innumerable middlemen operating in agricultural commodity value chain, farmer producers need to sell their produces on a Fair Average Quality (FAQ). We have attempted to discuss modest ap- proaches (simple and attractive) to generate ad- ditional profit in farm produce, without any capital investment, through appropriate capacity building about the author of Indian farmer producers, for value added pro- duces, and also to Know Your Consumers (KYC) Mr Vijay Sardana is a Techno- in the produce retail value chain, for generating Legal and Trade Policy Expert for Agri-businesses, and an Advocate additional profit in their farm produces, and by at Delhi High Court. He tweets adopting Farm as a Business (FaaB) approach @vijaysardana

about the author

Prof. M. Moni is Professor Emeritus & Chairman, Centre for Agricultural Informatics and e-Governance Research Studies (CARIS), Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technology, Meerut (A NAAC Accredited Deemed to-be University). He is Chairman, ICFA Working Group on ICT in Food and Agriculture and former DG, National Informatics Centre, New Delhi. Prof. M. Moni has been associated, since his retirement on superannuation from the Central Government in May 2013, with NGOs viz., AHIMSA (www.ahimsaact.com) Chennai, ICCo (www.iccoindia.org) New Delhi and HPMI (www.hpmi.org.in) Noida, to establish Digitalised Agricultural Value Systems (Input Value Chain, Production Value Chain, Domestic Marketing Value Chain and Export Value Chain) for agricultural commodities in the country

24 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Transforming Bharat

– Market Oriented Farms. A Mission title Farmers and MSMEs produces, while optimizing the human labour Use Every Part of a Crop and Use Every required by production (i.e. Cyber-Physical Part of an Animal is appropriate. We have are unaware of the Farm Management). Farmers in the 21st cen- suggested some insightful golden princi- promising materials tury have access to GPS, Soil scanning, Data ples as simple and attractive approaches management, and IoT technologies. Indian which can be adopted to rekindle new and that can be extracted Agriculture is moving towards digital platform dynamic sources of growth and generate out of agri-waste to economy progressively. additional profit in farm produce and value Farm business is a part of large value addition. make value added chain. To be successful in market-oriented The Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022 products farming, farmer producers require basic knowl- (DFI-2022) Committee Report (2018), in its edge of farm business management. Market Volume 12 B (Chapter 10) has suggested dynamics is a basic concept for supply, de- digitalized value chain for about 400 agri- mand and pricing economic models, and refer cultural commodities. The Central Farm Produce Trade Laws to the forces that impact the prices and the behaviours of Pro- 2020 viz.(i)Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promo- ducers (Farmer producers) and consumers. Market-oriented tion and Facilitation) Act, and (ii) Farmers (Empowerment farms can still be linked to a farm household. The goals and and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm decisions for the farm are less influenced by the goals and Services Act, are the legal instruments to produce and sell decisions of the farm household. They are more influenced by value-added produces to consumers – individuals, process- markets, prices of produce and cost of the farm inputs. With ing industries, public sector units (PSUs) etc. The Atmanirb- the advent of the internet and e-commerce, there is a para- har Bharat Abhiyan has envisaged Supply Chain Reforms for digm shift in sales and marketing functions around the world. Agriculture as the need of the hour, wherein the strength of our Demand-Supply Chain should be utilized to full capacity. Sustainable Source for Generating Wealth from Waste Smart Farming and Understanding Market Agriculture is the largest generator of sector waste materials. Dynamics The proper management of bio-mass from agricultural opera- Smart Farming is an emerging concept to managing farms tions can contribute in a significant way to farm operations. using technologies like Precision farming equipment, IoT, Farmers and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) AI, big data analytics, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or are unaware of the promising materials that can be extracted drones), robotics, etc., to increase the quantity and quality of out of the waste and these materials can be utilized to make

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 25 Transforming Bharat

building agricultural enterprises in rural India” through “farm-linked activities and secondary agriculture”, to GOI in Febru- ary 2018. The Ashok Dalwai Committee has defined secondary agriculture as a pro- duction activity at enterprise/farm level, and it devised a four-fold strategy: (a) sus- tainability of production, (b) monetisation of farmers’ produce, (c) Strengthening of extension services, and (d) recognizing agriculture as an enterprise, and enabling it to operate as such, by addressing vari- ous structural weaknesses, and through three avenues: Value-addition to primary agriculture production systems; Alterna- tive enterprises, but linked to rural off- farm activities, and Enterprises that thrive on crop residues and waste materials of value added products. Bio-mass man- tion from the wastes to the farmers, and primary agriculture. agement is required for agro-wastes, cat- (ii) huge employment opportunities at the egorized as: Paddy waste, Wheat waste, bottom of the pyramid. Agri-Tourism to fuel rural Sugarcane waste, Coconut waste, Cotton economy waste, Mustard waste, Horticulture waste, Secondary Agriculture for Agri-tourism can fuel rural economies Jute Waste, Agro-Forestry waste, Bam- Additional Income Generation through the multiplier effect. The acquired boo (Grass) Waste, Minor Forest Pro- The term “secondary agriculture” has benefits will be shared amongst different duce (MFP)/Non-Timber Forest Produce not been defined in India. But it refers businesses within the community. Further (NTFP) Waste, Floriculture waste (Sun- to a level above primary and commonly development of agri-tourism leads to prof- flower waste), Mushroom waste, Biogas means agro-based manufacturing. In the it margins for farm products and services, waste, Livestock waste, Fishery waste, United States of America (USA), second- particularly for small farms in crisis. In etc. Waste is not a waste until it is wasted. ary agriculture is “performed either by a the United States and in many European In India, 8.9 lakh hectares of land is farmer or on a farm as an incident to or countries, farm and ranch stays continue under banana cultivation, leading the in conjunction with such farming opera- to be popular. There is great potential for world in terms of land under cultivation tions”. The essence of secondary agri- Agri-Tourism in the “Hill Agriculture” sys- and total production. Banana plants not culture was understood when the Ashok tem of India. only give fruits but it has lot to offer after Dalwai Committee submitted its report on harvesting. In case of banana, once the “adding value to primary agriculture and Simple and Attractive Approaches fruits are harvested, the plants could not to generate additional profits bear fruits again and farmers are forced The Primary responsibility for adopt- to cut off the pseudo-stems and that cost ing any developmental approach is to them around INR 15,000 – 20,000 per increase farm income. Farmers face the hectare to get their fields cleared. Farm- Agri-tourism can fuel problem of not getting remunerative pric- ers throw away the stems on road side or rural economies through es for their produces. They are not aware burn them or crush them in fields. All of of the demand of the consumers and the this results in pollution or waste of use- the multiplier effect. The markets. Farmer, Producer and Consum- ful raw material. On an average, there are acquired benefits will be er are the important actors (Source and about 3,000 plants per hectare of banana Sink) in the agricultural value chain. farms which makes a total of 267 crore shared amongst different The minimum support price (MSP) is pseudo-stems, wasted every year. an agricultural product price set by GOI to Economic clusters at village level, businesses within the purchase directly from the farmer. This is for this purpose, will strengthen agrarian community not enforceable by law. By definition, this businesses facilitating (i) income genera- rate is to safeguard the farmer to a mini-

26 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Transforming Bharat

mum profit for the harvest if the open mar- 3. Make Customers feel your produce ket has lesser price than the cost incurred. 4. Ensure value added products GOI sets the price for identified agricul- 5. Conserve agricultural resources tural commodities twice a year. This MSP 6. Adopt “Farm as a Business” method is for a FAQ of the identified agricultural 7. Grade Your Produce through five commodity. MSP formula ignores vital pa- sensory approach – Eye (See), rameters like quality and efficiency includ- Hand (Touch), Ear (Hear), Tongue ing enhancement. The MSP system does (Taste) and Nose (Smell), as not provide higher market price for good normally adopted by Consumers quality produce cultivated through good / Retailers before making buying/ seed input and adopting certified Good purchasing agricultural produces Agricultural Practices (GAPs). 8. Opt for grade for farm produce to get Farmers have always faced difficult higher than market price situations like “not getting remunerative 9. Produce for tailored markets (affinity price for their produce”, “problem in selling & emotional) their produce”, “where to sell?”, “what not 10. Undertake nutritional profiling of to produce?” etc. This is an opportune time vestment, Infrastructure and Innovation. products to examine the consumer’s point of view Through out-of-box thinking and innova- 11. Document your agricultural practices and their requirements. A common sense tion, AgriTech StartUps are effectively 12. Develop agricultural system through approach is appropriate. If the customer changing the outdated and expensive Informatics approach is willing to pay for the produce of choice management practices adopted in crop- 13. Adopt Technology: AgriTech and and the farmer has opted for information- land farm management, animal farm Digital Technology based cultivation over just hard work, he management, poultry farm management, 14. Package your produce for product can ensure premium value for farm pro- fishery farm management, plant health visibility and standout in the market duce. The farmers and also the MSMEs management etc. In agriculture, nothing place need to appreciate this principle. This is must be regarded as waste. Every part of 15. Position yourself as a customer of what defined as “SMART Working” over the crop and every part of an animal gen- your produce “Hard Working”. In any business, Lifelong erate additional profits in farm produces if 16. Understand that business cannot be Learning (LLL) is vital. It equally applies to there is value addition. built on borrowed knowledge farmer producers to modernize their farm- Without any additional capital invest- 17. Learn that good input, Good ing methods, as value creation is dynami- ment, farmer producers may adopt the Agricultural Practices (GAPs) and cally changing along with market. It is bet- following common sense approaches as hard work will yield “good quality” ter to deliver what the market wants, and Golden Principles. These have been sug- produce and not FAQ Produce. not what the farmer feels is right. gested by Mr Vijay Sardana to exploit the 18. Know that Government cannot give market potential for their produces, which profit but customer can give profit Five Principles of Atmanirbhar is the result of hard work, and also to re- 19. Connect with missing links in the Bharat Abhiyan duce farm level production expenditure. value chain Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan rests on 1. Know Your Consumer 20. Continuous Innovation and five major principles: Intent, Inclusion, In- 2. Communicate with Customer Exploration of market

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 27 Pulse Milling Operations Meeting India’s Processed

More than 60 Years in Service Pulse needs ulses are an important con- has also brought global acclaim to the and dry milling method. The latter is stituent of Indian diet and Federation. NAFED has been playing an more popular and used in commercial have long been considered instrumental role in the domestic pulse mills. Pulses are usually converted into as the poor man’s source of management of the country. Unprec- Daal by decorticating and splitting. Ba- protein in our country. The edented volumes of pulses have been sic processes in Daal milling are clean- Pcrop of pulses also helps increase soil procured in the recent years under the ing, de-husking, splitting, separation and fertility through nitrogen fixation and Price Support Scheme of GOI, providing bagging. Daals like Arahar, urad, moong providing agronomic benefits to the suc- remunerative prices to farmers. At the and lentil are difficult to de-husk. As a re- ceeding crop in terms of better soil mi- same time, on the direction of the gov- sult, repeated operations for de-husking croenvironment, quality and yield. India ernment, NAFED also procures pulses rollers are required. Re-wetting and dry- is the world’s largest producer, importer for creation and management of the ing is done to loosen portions of husk and consumer of pulses. national buffer with the aim of prevent- sticking after repeated rolling. Linseed ing unreasonable spurt in the domestic oil is used to impart shine or better ap- NAFED: The Pulse Arm of the pulse prices. peal to the milled daal. The removal of Nation the outer husk and splitting the grain into The mega pulse procurement, process- Pulse Processing Operations of two equal halves is known as milling of ing and supply operations of NAFED NAFED pulses. To facilitate de-husking and split- during the last 6 years or so have made In India, there are two conventional puls- ting of pulses, alternate wetting and dry- NAFED the pulse arm of the nation. It es milling methods; wet milling method ing method is used. NAFED has been supplying whole/ milled pulses to various prestigious in- stitutions like the Army, Central Para Military Forces (CPMFs) and the state governments for utilization under their various schemes like the Mid Day meal, ICDP etc. The Federation is well equipped with full fledged infrastructure and rich experience for supply of pro- cessed pulses.

The Institutional Supply Division of NAFED In order to organize the supplies to the institutions, a full-fledged Institutional Supplies Division was created in NAFED in 2016. The Division was entrusted to handle all operations pertaining to sup- ply of pulses to institutions which includ- ed engagement of daal mills for organ- Distribution of milled pulses supplies by NAFED to beneficiaries at Fair Price Shop izing milling of pulses stock of NAFED.

28 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Pulse Milling Operations

Senior Officers of NAFED lead the supplies under Pradhan Mantri Garib Institutional Supplies Division headed by Ms. Veena Kumari, GM ensured Kalyan Yojana (PMGKAY) from the front under the leadership of MD successful implementation of the supplies under PMGKAY amidst NAFED, monitoring the entire gamut of activities round the clock. various challenges

From left (sitting): Mr Pankaj Prasad, AMD; Mr Sanjeev Kumar Chadha, MD From left (sitting): Mr Kamal Bhushan, Manager; Mrs Veena Kumari, General From left (standing): Mr N Ramesh, ED; Ms Veena Kumari, GM; Mr SK Manager; Mrs Babita Dhawan, Asst. Manager Verma, ED; Mr AK Rath, ED; Ms Nidhi Srivastava, GM From left: (standing): Mr A Vimal, Assistant Manager; Mr Jitendra Thakran, JAA; Col RK Verma, Adviser; Mr Vikas Gupta, JA; Mr Talwinder Singh, PS; Ms Garima Tiwari, EA The Division is well-equipped with a supplied 10,500 MT of pulses to its es- pulses during this whole period amidst highly competent and professional team teemed buyers, Army and CPMFs. The extreme challenging conditions to ben- of officers and staff. total supply during 2019-20 was 38,500 efit over 19.5 Crore NFSA beneficiaries The critical tasks in the supply pro- MT. NAFED also supplied pulses to every month starting from April- Novem- cess have been digitized for ensuring ef- states and UT governments for their dif- ber 2020. ficiency and timely supplies. The custom- ferent welfare schemes such as ICDS, ized electronic portal nafed.agribazaar. MDM, PDS, COVID relief kits etc. out com manages empanelment of millers, of the national buffer. Around 4 LMTs mapping, assaying deliveries, payments of pulses was supplied to Arunachal and logistics. The portal is managed by Pradesh, Kerala, Rajasthan, Goa, Guja- the professionals of the service provider rat, Telangana, Mizoram, Uttar Pradesh, engaged by NAFED. More than 300 West Bengal, Orissa, Manipur, Lakshad- millers have been empanelled across In- weep etc. during 2020-2021. dia through the portal for milling, packing NAFED was also entrusted with the and delivery to institutions. The work is task of supplying milled/cleaned pulses assigned to the millers as per the pre- to states and UT governments under the scribed procedure on the basis of high- PMGKAY announced by GOI in March est out-turn-ratio (OTR) of milled pulses. 2020. NAFED was designated a nodal agency for the purpose. The duration of Voluminous Supply of Milled and the scheme was eight months starting Whole pulses by NAFED April 2020. NAFED arranged supplies of From January to March 2021, NAFED around 15 LMTs of different varieties of Quality testing at mills before dispatch of milled pulses The supply mechanism established to organise the supply of pulses to Army and CPMFs now functions as a well- oiled machine. Its efficacy was tested in 2020 during the pandemic. NAFED rose to the challenge and fulfilled its commit- ments and supply obligations to all the esteemed buyers despite the pandemic and pressure of supplies under PMG- K AY. Pulse Milling Operation of NAFED

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 29 Strengthening Grassroots Pandemic Restrictions Preparedness of Mechanization Industry to

Sndiau has the ppsecond-largest arableort land area in the world Farmersand a coast- line of over 7,500 kilometres. Expectantly, agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for 58 percent of the population in India. The sector generates employment for 44 percent of the country’s workforce. Last year when COVID-19 struck India and the world, it led to many Ichallenges threatening livelihoods, restricting movement of people and goods, disrupting supply chains, increasing unemployment, eroding de- mand, production capacities, and withering liquidity, thereby impact- ing the overall economy. This ongoing pandemic also brought to the fore the realisation that agriculture activities in India are still largely labour dependent, which came to a complete standstill due to lock- down. Mass exodus of farm hands to their native places further pre- cipitated the shortage of farm labour for various farming operations that require timely intervention to ensure optimal crop output. Agri mechanization provides several economic and social benefits to farmers. Primary among the economic benefits is the improved yield that comes as a result of greater level of mechanization. Looming water scarcity crisis along with the need to ensure food security in the country can be effectively mitigated with rapid mechanization of various farm op- erations. The benefits of farm mechanization make it a crucial component of shaping the future of Indian agriculture. Farm mechanization is at various stages of adoption in India. The use of improved farm implements has the potential to increase productivity by up to 30 per cent and reduce the cost of cultivation by up to 20 per cent. It helps in enhancing agriculture productivity and availability of food grains; increasing agriculture exports; mitigating la-

about the author

Mr Gagan Pal is Vice President and Head of Sales, Marketing & Service at Honda India Power Products Limited

30 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Strengthening Grassroots

bour shortage; and facilitating judicious Power Tillers, Brush Cutters, Backpack use of scarce natural resources and Sprayers, HTP Sprayers, Honda engine farm inputs. Effective use of agriculture powered Reapers & crop harvesters/ machinery helps farmers to undertake weeders for various farm applications timely farm operations and enable them bringing optimal work efficiency. The to quickly rotate crops on the same land. Honda brand has been the preferred According to Economic Survey, farm Mr Gagan Pal is enamoured by choice of customers in India and over- mechanization and crop productivity has machines. He loves to study the seas markets powering the dreams of a direct correlation. Farm mechanization emerging technologies, their over 5 million satisfied users for over 3 saves time and labour, reduces drudg- genesis and their multi-directional decades. ery, cut down production cost in the long possibilities Honda brand of power products has run, reduces post-harvest losses and contributed significantly to ramp up the boosts crop output and farm income. efficiency in various farm operations Farm Mechanization also helps farm- tensification (multi-cropping) and timely ers in raising second/multi-crops on the planting of crops, leading to increased same land thereby improving cropping productivity. intensity, making agricultural land com- Recognizing the issues that hinder mercially more viable. farm mechanization rate in agriculture, The farm machinery industry is posi- GOI has introduced several schemes and tioned at an inflection point, from where policies that support greater mechaniza- it is expected to move into a high growth tion of Indian Agriculture, in the light of its period and is expected to transform the commitment to transform the agriculture like land preparation, sowing, irrigation, way an average Indian farmer works in sector and double farmers’ income by spraying, de-weeding & crop harvesting. the farm. 2022-23. It has initiated several schemes Unmatched portability, fuel efficiency and to boost the mechanization prospects. durability offered by these products make Faster adoption of agri- The Sub Mission on Agricultural Mecha- them gender neutral thereby equipping mechanization nization (SMAM) is an important initiative majority of the workforce available in At present, Indian farmers are adopt- by the Government in this direction. farms to carry out routine farm opera- ing farm mechanization at a faster rate tions efficiently thereby improving farm in comparison to recent past. Currently, Boosting Efficiency productivity remarkably. penetration of farm mechanisation is ap- For the last 35 years, Honda India Power In today’s context, as the economy proximately 40 percent in India. This is Products Limited (HIPP) has consciously slowly opens after the second wave of much lower than that in the developed made efforts to facilitate mechanization COVID-19 pandemic recedes, there is economies, where mechanisation has in agriculture by introducing Honda’s limited time window available to farmers reached beyond 90 percent. There are legendary 4-stroke technology powered to complete required farm operations ef- multiple reasons for it including fragmen- products like Portable Water Pumps, ficiently. HIPP has carefully nurtured its tation of land holdings, a large presence vast network of over 600 servicing deal- of small and marginal farmers, unafford- ers spread across the country during its ability of farm technology and the prac- eventful journey of over 35 years and tice of subsistence agriculture. is very well positioned to offer effective, Agriculture mechanization is crucial At present, Indian farmers are durable, timely and optimal solutions to for modernization and commercialization adopting farm mechanization the Indian farmers for their various farm of agriculture as it improves productivity at a faster rate in comparison needs in line with its vision of “Empower and timeliness of agriculture operations, People, To Do Better”. aids in value addition, brings down the to recent past. Currently, As the Indian farmer gears up for cost of cultivation and enables climate penetration of farm the ensuing Kharif season buoyed by change adaptation and not only provides mechanisation is approximately the winds of another year of favourable optimal utilization of resources e.g., land, monsoon, HIPP along with its country labour, water but also helps farmers to 40 percent in India wide network of channel partners will save valuable time and reduces drudg- continue to be their partner in progress ery. This judicious use of time, labour as they challenge another year of golden and resources facilitates sustainable in- harvest.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 31 Safeguarding The Farmers Role of Stewardship for Agrochemical Industry CropLife India’s outreach to help safeguard the food security of our nation

nhancing the awareness of about the author farmers on safe and judi- cious use of agrochemicals, Mr Asitava Sen is the Chief Executive right time of usage, dosage; Officer of CropLife India; an industry safe disposal of containers; association of 15 R&D driven member Eetc. is of prime importance and is part crop science companies, jointly of product stewardship. representing approximately 70 percent of India has the lowest usage of pes- ticides per hectare (307 g/ha) as com- crop protection market and responsible pared to up to 13 kg/ ha in USA, Japan, for 95 percent of the molecules China or other countries (5 Kg/ Ha in introduced in India so far UK, 7 Kg/ Ha in US, 12 Kg/ Ha in Japan and 13 Kg/ Ha in China). Yet India’s Sharing the common goal of sus- to farmers on GAP (Good Agricultural agricultural produce gets rejected in tainability and farmers’ welfare, Practices), IPM (Integrated Pest Man- international markets for various rea- CropLife India has been collaborating agement), Responsible Use of Crop sons including lack of awareness of in the various initiatives of Ministry Protection Products and ensuring farmers. This can be overcome by ef- of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. quality crop protection products. fective product stewardship and poli- Grow Safe Food campaign is one of The Grow Safe Food campaign, cies, wherein CropLife India has been them. Our team has been actively in- launched by the Department of Agri- contributing immensely. volved in providing hands-on training culture, Co-cooperation & Farmers’

32 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Safeguarding The Farmers

Welfare, Government of India, is a key Pradesh, is supported by local govern- led to a higher market price. Under the pillar of its efforts to improve sustain- ment bodies, farmer associations and mentorship of CropLife, they used crop able production of adequate amount of Kisan Unions, and locally operational protection products more efficiently safe food, and augment food and nu- NGOs. Departments of Agriculture at and judiciously, cutting the cost of in- tritional security for the billion-plus state and district level are in sync with puts. The farmers who benefitted from population. The nation-wide initia- the outreach effort through commu- the program became advocates of pro- tive is aimed at promoting awareness nication channels targeted at farmers, moting pollination, protecting the en- and capability-building efforts such spray-men and their families. More vironment and using crop protection as training for pesticide dealers and than two lakh farmers have been im- products responsibly. farmers particularly on food safety and parted training on usage of PPEs and quality issues. safe use of crop protection products. Crisis Preparedness – Doctor’s CropLife India has taken various Training Program initiatives towards product steward- Madhu Sandesh: Shared Benefits Doctors’ Training Programs com- ship. The following are the highlights: Approach to Shared Responsibility bined with a digital module was spe- This is a project of CropLife India in cially designed for health practition- Safe & Responsible Use of Crop association with Indian Council of ers to be able to treat patients affected Protection Products Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Ag- due to accidental pesticide poisoning, Through its pilot projects in the dis- riculture Development Trust, Krishi caused by improper use of pesticide. tricts of East Godavari in Andhra Vigyan Kendra (Farm Science Centre) CropLife India had organized work- Pradesh Bharuch in Gujarat and East Baramati, to provide subsidized rental shops for doctors in Guntur District, Champaran in Bihar, CropLife India’s bee hives to farmers in Maharashtra. Andhra Pradesh and Amravati district initiatives aimed to cover around 6,000 This involves joint funding for the bee- in Maharashtra. To amplify the voice, farm families in three states. Trainings hives and the project staff to be based for farmers include classroom teach- at in Baramati, training the staff on ing and practical field training sessions crop-specific knowledge of input and for farmers. The training curriculum pesticide use. ICAR trained the project includes 16 elaborative modules cover- staff on bee health and hive manage- ing a wide range of topics such as IPM, ment. As a result, an apiary with 250 role of beneficial insects including pol- beehives was set up to function as a linators, judicious and responsible use knowledge hub and act as a bee rental of Crop Protection Products, secure library, with its staff on hand to trou- storage of pesticides, impacts of coun- bleshoot any teething problems with terfeit and illegal products, use of PPE first time renters. (Personal Protective Equipment) such Madhu Sandesh was a resounding as masks and gloves, correct spraying success with the community. Ninety techniques, maintaining sprayers and percent of 180 participants reported nozzles, and triple rinsing of used con- better quality crops. Pomegranate tainers. farmers saw an average of 35 percent increase in their yields. The corre- Outreach Initiative for Use of PPE sponding income gains were even larg- er, at 42 percent due to the improved in AP, Maharashtra, Punjab shape and color of their fruits which CropLife India along with its member companies have been working towards making the PPE kits available at retail outlets for farmers through the dis- tribution channels in three key states, viz. Maharashtra, Punjab and Andhra Pradesh. CropLife India has been com- mitted towards empowering the rural communities and raising awareness on the responsible and safe use of crop protection products along with impor- tance and proper use of Personal Pro- tective Equipment. The project, in a total of 15 districts of Maharashtra, Punjab and Andhra

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 33 Safeguarding The Farmers

of Pesticide Exposed Patients during this unprecedented time. CropLife India was awarded for Commendable Work for Changing Public Perception in India at India Chem 2021. The event was jointly organized by Department of Chemicals and Petro- chemicals, GOI and Federation of Indi- an Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). Despite lockdown toppling the various supply chains, aggravating the labour issues, etc., our farmer show- cased irrepressible might, enhancing the agriculture output to record levels. One of the focus of our efforts has been boosting the farmers’ morale. During CropLife India has developed a Health Practitioners’ Handbook; Prevention, Diagnosis & Treatment, elucidating the necessary information related to symp- toms and treatment for different types of exposure to various crop protection products.

Caring for our Annadata during modern technology and spraying de- onset of Covid vices. Apart from the traditional spray system, CropLife India suggested ex- CropLife India digitalized all the ef- tensive use of drones for spraying rec- forts towards Farmers’ education on ommended agrochemicals to control Safe and Judicious Use of Crop Pro- locust and other invasive pests. tection Products, which had been our We created a CropLife India Farm- motto. Farmer Education Poster on er’s Training Film, an educational Safety points in farming during Covid-19 video featuring both stewardship and pandemic and a video was designed and anti-counterfeiting messages for our shared digitally. farmers’ welfare. This is available in During the locust attacks in the eight languages, viz. English, Hindi, these troubled times, CropLife India country, CropLife India had issued an Punjabi, Gujarati, Bangla, Marathi, maintained an emotional yet informa- advisory for farmers and spray man- Kannada and Telugu. tive relationship with our Farm He- agement agencies to follow the rec- CropLife India in collaboration roes. Our efforts have been foremost ommendations for the management with Commissionerate of Agriculture, for creating mechanisms to reach out of the locusts. We recommended the Govt. of Maharashtra, developed a to farmers effectively via various pos- concerted efforts of the Centre and video for health practitioners to pro- sible platforms. Our efforts shall mo- state governments in controlling the vide necessary information to them on tivate them and remind them to main- locust menace, including use of novel Recognition, Management & Treatment tain and follow proper safety protocols along with regular practice of respon- sible use of pesticides. As children influence opinions in our families, we reached out to them, with the help of a rhyme. CropLife India has a long history of creating awareness and building ca- pacity on sustainable practices among various stakeholders including farm- ers, agriculture input retailers, agricul- tural extension staff, custom officials, key stakeholders and several NGOs.

34 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 35 Agri Ecosystems OF SOWING AND REAPING MAKING SMALL FARMERS SELF-RELIANT DURING KHARIF timely and generous mon- soon season is crucial for Indian farmers, bringing the promise of a bounti- ful produce and flourishing Aeconomy. Particularly for 86 percent small and marginal farmers, the Kharif season is decisive in securing food supply year- round and additional income. Several challenges such as mistimed inputs of seeds and fertilizers, quality concerns, lack of financial support, and limited knowledge on crop management, hold back the growth of smallholders – a com- munity that is critical to nourishing India. base, offering quality and timely inputs, training sessions about methodical farm- With the second wave of the pandem- and training them in productive agricul- ing practices, can boost crop yield and ic significantly affecting rural areas, chal- tural practices. improve their incomes by at least 20-30 lenges are bound to arise. But predictions percent. Subsequently, it is necessary to of timely monsoons and an overall down- IMPROVING ACCESS TO make relevant market linkages and pro- ward trend in infection sustains our hopes. RESOURCES cure best quality raw material for sow- To secure Kharif produce and support the Ensuring orderly and timely access to ing as well as produce marketing. For small farmers whose livelihoods depend various input resources is the first and instance, under the Tata Trusts’ Lakhpati on it, we must follow a three-pronged ap- most fundamental step of extending as- Kisan initiative, women-led community proach: We work closely with them to give sistance to small and marginal farmers. federations and farmer producer compa- impetus to their growth journeys by help- Land parcel-based planning for staple nies representing small farmers negotiate ing them expand their existing knowledge crops and high-value crops, coupled with with traders for bulk purchasing of inputs, examining the quality of seeds and fertil- izers carefully. about the author In addition to this, facilitating loans for Mr Ganesh Neelam is Zonal farmers through varied linkages—or get- Manager, Central & East Regions, ting them in touch with the right market Tata Trusts. He handles Tata avenues that offer fair pricing post-har- Trusts’ flagship projectCentral vest—can improve food security for the India Initiative that aims to community, whilst generating stronger enhance community livelihood returns from their agricultural practice. of tribal regions within India’s central belt Another important aspect concerns irrigation provisions vis-à-vis the geo-

36 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Agri Ecosystems

graphic locations of farmers. Linking with critical irrigation, relevant agro-technol- ogies such as solar irrigation systems and drip-mulch can substantially help in- crease productivity, given how many agri- cultural plots in tribal regions across India are in hilly terrains with undulating topog- raphy. Robust tech integration can solve access limitations for tribal farmers who often find it tough to manage water during monsoons, or any other part of the year. such as crop infestation and climate soons. change to name a few. The combination of staple crops with UPSKILLING THE FARMING HVA vegetables ensures diversity in crop COMMUNITY CROP DIVERSIFICATION baskets, since these are essential parts The training and upskilling of farmers help To have a good income from the Kharif of everyone’s diet. This reduces the farm- augment the implementation of proper season, farmers have promising potential ers’ dependency solely on the successful cultivation practices. This includes con- to think beyond staple crops. Ergo, they harvest of staples. This vegetable culti- ducting focused field-level training with must be encouraged to take up commer- vation value-chain approach additionally the help of community resource persons cial vegetable cultivation of high-value ag- fetches inputs of healthy soilless saplings in specific areas such as crop treatment, riculture (HVA) crops in addition to their through micro-entrepreneurs, ultimately land preparation, and nursery prepara- existing staples. Seasonal vegetables fostering holistic growth of the rural-agri- tion beforehand. Once monsoons arrive, such as tomatoes, chillies, eggplants, cultural ecosystem. these trainings can come into practice, varied kinds of gourds through trellis Despite constituting 86 percent of and farmers can be given relevant point- cultivation – all these can significantly farm households in India, small and mar- ers on crop management practices. This boost income as these crops are high in ginal farmers continue to face some of the upskilling in better agricultural practices demand, but low in supply during mon- gravest food security crises, with incomes then continues sustainably by the farm- that hardly justify their labour. Providing ers. farmers with access to economic, agri- Only providing pre-season training cultural, and intellectual resources; and is not sufficient. Extending constant ho- upskilling them with requisite training and listic support to reduce chances of crop guidance in times of need, can take us a failure is an essential next step. This can long way in empowering everyone’s lives involve general counselling on good prac- and livelihoods. Together, our efforts can tice, solving for specific problems farmers help create a culture of irreversible and face, or tackling unforeseen roadblocks. sustained support during cultivation and This is especially relevant due to the Mr Neelam’s favourite stress fair prices in markets, ensuring nourish- buster is travelling unpredictability of circumstantial factors, ment for the entire community of India’s small farmers.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 37 Tech Support

Logistics for Kharif Te chnology adoption essential to minimise losses n 2020, India’s area under kharif crops hit an all-time high of 108 million hectares. This is an increase acreage of 1.5 percent beyond the average growth of last five years. TheI future of our country with respect to agriculture seems booming, with many discoveries and innovations constantly enriching us. Let us start off by understanding what are Kharif crops. * They are harvested in during the month September and October. * They require warm conditions to grow. * Their growth depends on the rainfall pattern. * They need shorter day lengths for flowering. It is important for us to grow a quality crop. It is equally important to ensure the logistics of these crops. Reports have found that every year, on India level, when we take the average of vegetables and fruits, farmers are unable to sell around 42 percent of their about the author produce, which equals about Rs 63,000 crore. The primary cause for this loss is Mr Gubba Kiran, CEO of Gubba Cold Storage, is regard- poor storage and transportation. In this ed as the face of Gubba for the Indian seed industry. He has led the company into efficient service in cold stor- era of globalization and modernization, age preservation. He has been instrumental in creating it would be not less than a sin to the Gubba brand from 0.7 million cubic feet to one of underutilize the existing technologies India’s biggest cold storage companies with presence and advancements to minimize the loss. on 11 million cubic feet. He has played a key role in edu- cating pharmaceutical companies in preserving critical Till very recently, we had a lot of products at Gubba regulatory barriers constraining our

38 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Tech Support

Effective solutions like reefer logistics keep agri produce safe and fresh. It is slightly expensive but incurring the expense here is more feasible than bearing the loss development and growth. The following Seeking support in these two major supported in brining latest trends measures taken by the government have areas would enable many to enter into and innovations, experimenting with helped immensely. the field of storing and preservation to machineries in such a way that we are * Agri-warehousing by RBI serve the farmers and in turn the country! equipped to minimise wastage. * Subsidies Inadequate Infrastructure: The gap Transportation: The losses * Tax Incentives etc. between agri-warehousing demand and incurred by poor transportation facilities Our Challenges: We are open to supply has been reported to be close to accumulate to a loss of 24 percent more opportunities to bring sustainable 35 million tons. The industry is still more approximately. The produces are mostly and impactful changes. We first need to on the unorganised sector side. There transported by road. Due to seasonally be aware of our challenges. are so many technologies existing in the blocked roads, weather etc, heavy loss In the 2019-2020 Kharif season in world and not yet in India, for reasons is incurred. To improve roads, especially India, the total produce recorded was like cost and skills which has to be in the rural, isolated areas is a must for around 143.38 million tonnes. According updated and addressed. Rightly-suited the produces to be safe. When the mode to a report by the Associated Chambers of infrastructure will enable us to make the of transport gets uninterrupted, we will Commerce and Industry (ASSOCHAM), operations cost effective and reliable with see a hike in the figure of goods being only 11 per cent of the perishable yield is regards to timelines ensuring higher level preserved. preserved. Here, we clearly understand of accuracy. Emerging solution: We can think of the seriousness of the losses looking at Emerging solution: We must effective solutions like reefer logistics to the figures. Nearly ninety percent of the invest our potential resource in research keep the produces safe and fresh. It is a produce didn’t even have the opportunity and development in such a way that little on the expensive side but we have to be preserved…resulting as a downfall the domain experts in agriculture are to look at the bigger picture. Incurring in the quality and shelf life of the produce. the expense here is more feasible Emerging solution: The government than bearing the loss. The government shall encourage and support the youth to has to strictly regulate and prioritise invest their talent and money in providing maintenance and construction and roads warehouse facilities, from a community as and where needed. angle as well as a business angle. Our India is a developing country. The country must expand its cold-chain next 10 years shall be crucial for our and warehouse units. Establishing and nation’s growth. Agriculture has and managing a warehouse is very heavy on will always continue to be one of the the pocket. Monetary support, directly or My stress buster is spending most essential components to India’s indirectly from the government is needed quality time with my wife and growth economy, employment etc. The and desired especially in the following chatting with her. Sitting in government and private sector must join my garden and chatting with areas: my family. Watching TV and hands together in favour of the farmers * Power supply speaking to friends and relatives and ensure everything needed is done at * Interest rates the right time.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 39 TheWy a R oTaod G Aherowad

Self Reliant India Entrepreneurship Through Oil Plant Establishment

ndia’s yellow revolution was con- benifit. ceived to increase the nation’s About 3.5 kg oil can be obtained yield of oilseeds. Uttar Pradesh is from 10 kg mustard which can be sold in the first state in oilseed production the market at the rate of Rs 200 per kg. whereas Rajasthan is ranked third. Apart from this, 6.5 kg cake which will OilseedsI are the crops from which veg- be obtained by extracting oil can be sold etable oil is produced in which sesame, at the rate of 25 per kg. From 50 kg of mustard, peanuts, soy and sunflow- mustard, 17.5 kg oil can be obtained and ers are important. Mustard, Sesame, 32.5 kg Khal can be used. Groundnut, Castor, Soybean, are the About 4.5 kg oil can be obtained from major oilseed crops arising in Rajasthan. 10 kg linseed. In one day, from 50 kg of Rajasthan ranks first in the production of linseed 22.5 kg linseed oil and 27.5 kg mustard and mustard seed. Khal can be obtained to get a net profit India is the largest producer of of Rs 3495. groundnut in the world. Gujarat ranks About 5.7 kg of coconut oil can be first in groundnut production in India obtained from 10 kg of coconut. From and Rajasthan ranks fourth. Madhya 11.5 kg Khal, sweets can be prepared Pradesh has the highest soybean pro- duction in India. India processes only 1 percent of its production, while develop- ing countries process 40 percent of their produce. To get the maximum benefit from production, it is necessary to pro- mote the processing of food grains. The food processing sector can play a major role in reducing post-harvest losses and aid in the creation of an additional mar- ket for farm produce.

Oil Extraction Enterprises Youths can become entrepreneurs by setting up business of extracting oil from oilseed crops. Knowledge of the econ- omy of oil is important to get maximum

40 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 TheWy a R oTaod G Aherowad

by adding sugar or jiggery. About 5 kg of almond oil can be obtained from 10 kg of almonds. From 50 kg almond, 25 kg oil and 25 kg khal can be obtained, which can be sold at the rate of Rs 1500 per kg and Rs 28 per kg respectively. About 5 kg of sesame oil can be Recommendations for Promoting obtained from 10 kg of sesame. An en- Food Processing Industries trepreneur shall need large containers * The Agricultural Produce Marketing and bottles for storage. Stickers must be Committee (APMC) Act may promote prepared for labeling and packaging on direct trade between farmers and con- the bottles. Food Safety and Standards sumers. Authority of India (FSSAI) registration * To boost exports, India should work on number is needed for sale of all types of Dr Tewari is passionate about improving the quality of its supply. oils. The fee charged by FSSAI is only cooking nutrient-rich food. * Government and industry should con- Rs 100 for a year for the purpose of pro- She grows organic fruits and centrate on the needs of the market and moting entrepreneurs. Scrub soap can vegetables of diverse colours in try to meet the demand. also be made with almond and sesame her kitchen garden * Producers and entrepreneurs should seeds. Biscuits, toffee and other sweets supply processed products according to can be made with almond and coconut demand. cake. About 4.5 kg of oil can be obtained * The government, agricultural univer- from 10 kg of peanuts. The grains sities and companies should focus on should be well dried. It is advisable to making entrepreneurs efficient through remove peanut shell before extracting skill trainings and especially promoting oil. All these oils can be extracted eas- the marketing of their products. ily through a machine costing Rs 1 lakh * Domestic start-ups and industries to Rs 1.5 lakh approximately. It is neces- should be encouraged in comparison to sary to install a filter machine along with international companies. the oil dispenser. Quality assurance is * There should be a centre of Food Pro- essential. cessing Excellence in the state, where more and more food processing can be taught. In Rajasthan, skill development about the author in the processing of soyabean, garlic, amla, coriander, potato, orange, guava, Dr Mamta Tiwari is Professor tomato, gram, mustard and flaxseeds and Director Human Resource and other foods is being promoted by Development, the Food Processing Unit of Agricultural Agriculture University, Kota University, Kota.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 41 Route to Revolution

Indian Agriculture Transition Towards Energy-Smart Production Systems

ndia’s agricultural sector has wit- strained world, sustainable deployment wards energy-smart agriculture in India. nessed a high rate of growth in of energy efficient solar irrigation pumps This promises immense opportunity in electricity consumption, from 84.7 along with innovative business models reducing the overall power consumption, billion units in 2000/01 to 213.4 for increasing water use and energy effi- improving efficiencies of ground water billion units in 2018/19, which is ciency provides plausible entry points to- extraction, reducing grid dependency equivalentI to 17.6% of total electricity consumption in India. A growing signifi- about the author cance of electricity as preferred input in Indian agriculture, specifically for ener- Dr Manish Anand, Fellow at TERI, is an interdisciplinary researcher with basic training gizing irrigation pump sets results from in agricultural sciences and advanced training aggressive rural electrification coupled in interdisciplinary field of science policy, with a policy of below cost pricing to innovation studies, and developmental studies. farmers. This has led to major malad- In his professional career of over 14 years, he aptation in terms of water overuse and has worked on several interdisciplinary projects overexploitation of groundwater for ag- encompassing diverse areas of agriculture, energy ricultural production. In a climate con- and environment, and emerging technology policy

42 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 TRheoute Ro atod AheRevolutionad

and reducing the subsidy burden on the states without sacrificing the service ob- ligation to this sector. Furthermore, farm- ers can sell the excess solar power thus enabling additional on-farm income. As of 2019, over 181 thousand solar water pumps had been installed across the country with a target of providing 2.75 million solar pumps (1.75 million stand-alone and 1 million grid connect- ed) under the PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Ut- thaan Mahabhiyan) Scheme, 2019. This shall enable installation of over 10 giga- watt of solar capacity in the agriculture sector. A diversity of innovative approaches has been attempted linking solar energy use to agricultural productivity and wa- ter reductions. Primarily these pertain to two areas: innovations in technical design options and policy/institutional innovations. Technical design options in- Surya Raitha public programme pro- clude interventions based on the level of motes grid-connected solar irrigation PV integration such as integrated systems pumps on a net metering basis through combining solar pumping with drip irriga- a 90% cost subsidy and a feed-in tariff tion and /or water harvesting, dual solar- of around US$0.15/kWh for non-subsi- agricultural systems as well as interven- dised plants, and US$0.11/kWh for sub- tions based on grid-connectedness such Dr Anand loves engaging with sidised ones. as mini-grid, grid-connected systems, puzzling word games like word Odisha’s project on “Ground Water net-metering of pumps and plants at worm, stepdown etc Recharge and Solar Micro Irrigation to farm level. Policy/ institutional innovation Ensure Food Security and Enhance Re- broadly pertains to level of subsidisation, silience in Vulnerable Tribal Areas of Od- level of regulation of water use, level of kWh. isha” under Green Climate Fund with a cooperation among farmers and support In Bihar, a pay-as-you-go model has total investment of US$166.3 million has for capacity building. been attempted as a business model of attempted to link community-based rain- providing water as a service. Here wa- water harvesting measures (recharge Successful Interventions ter user associations cooperate with a shafts in 10,000 tanks) and improved We have several examples of interven- private company responsible for opera- irrigation schemes through the use of tions encompassing technical and insti- tion and management of a solar pump- 1,000 solar pumps. West Bengal under tutional aspects. At the Solar Pump Irri- ing system and associations charges the US$300 million World Bank project gators’ Cooperative Enterprise (SPICE) government-fixed irrigation fees. on “West Bengal Accelerated Develop- in Dhundi village in Gujarat, surplus of In Rajasthan, a programme to con- ment of Minor Irrigation” addresses the six net-metered pumps with a total ca- struct additional tanks and diggis to issue of water use efficiency by deploy- pacity of around 56 kWp has been sold counteract negative impacts on ground- ing ICT based solutions such as equip- to the local power utility. A 25-year power water recharge has been attempted link- ping hybrid solar photovoltaic systems purchase with the power utility at the ing solar pumps and water harvesting. for pumping purposes with a GPRS rate of around US$0.07/kWh has been Subsidised pumps are not connected to wireless modem, automatically transmit- established and a Green Energy Bonus the grid. Farmers are required to deploy ting data on flow and energy use. and a Water Conservation Bonus provid- drip-based micro-irrigation systems and These innovations in technology and ed under the IWMI-Tata programme has farmers with a diggi are preferred. policy address objectives such as dis- brought the total feed-in tariff to $0.11/ The Karnataka State initiative on semination of clean energy, water use

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 43 TRheoute Ro atod AheRevolutionad

efficiency and/or agricultural productivity. In Rajasthan, a programme the solar equipment, metering and farm- These in turn also promote CO2 emis- level water use efficiency plans. sion reduction from agricultural opera- to construct additional tanks • There is a shift in focus from tions through solar energy use for water and diggis to counteract subsidies on solar pumping systems and pumping, dehusking, milling, and vehicle equity in groundwater access to options use, as well as the on-farm use of biogas negative impacts on promoting groundwater use efficiency for heating, processing, etc. The diverse groundwater recharge has via tradable water rights, pro rata pric- experiences from these interventions, ing systems and linking solar with micro- summarised below, represent critical is- been attempted linking irrigation systems sues and are also indicative of current solar pumps and water • Integrated and smart ap- directions in energy efficiency measures proaches such as grid-connected pump- promoting sustainable water and land harvesting. Subsidised ing, solar pump mini-grids, replacement use: pumps are not connected of diesel pumps with solar pumps in off- • High subsidies and inadequate to the grid. Farmers are grid areas, community based or water- farmers’ capacities can lead to over ex- as-a-service systems. ploitation of groundwater resources as a required to deploy drip-based • Approaches for small scale consequence of the dissemination of the micro-irrigation systems farmers has focused on pay-as-you-go oversized systems and increased ac- and water as a service to address issues cess to solar energy in agriculture. and farmers with a diggi are of affordability and using the profession- • Linking subsidised solar equip- preferred al services of intermediaries. ment with purchase of micro-irrigation • Role of system integrators in systems and conditions for irrigation surplus for on-farm activities related to providing integrated solution at the farm scheduling can minimize the trade-offs heating, chilling, drying, grinding and level with regard to system, installations between on-farm renewable energy pro- distribution. and maintenance through designated duction and promote responsible water • Solar greenhouses and solar dealers and providing options to the use. based aquaculture for cold or temperate farmers to choose the dealers and avail • Solar pumping with power pur- environments has been attempted for in- subsidised loans becomes important. chase agreements can be designed to stance in China for breeding installations Such innovative interventions need improve participation incentives, financ- in fisheries, for waste water purification, to consider a range of push and pull fac- ing, enforcement and water use reduc- in water pumping and for improving rural tors with participation from water, agri- tion which may create an opportunity electrification. culture and energy sector stakeholders. cost of inefficient and wasteful use of • It is important to improve farm- There is a need to examine the interven- solar energy. ers’ capacities by establishing links to tions through the lens’ of climatic vari- • For small and marginal land- extension services, water users associa- ability and change, of economic viability holdings decentralized systems/off-the tion and institutions at the local level. (especially at the level of a farmer/entre- grid provides avenues for using energy • Connecting mobile phones to preneur), and of political acceptability.

44 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 advertorial

Why is Amrita University’s Agriculture Science program such an excellent fit for a career? Curriculum designed by integrating technological advancements through a multidisci- plinary approach aligned with international standards

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham entered ber and quality of farm commodities, Agriculture Sciences domain in order and so on. to deliver value-based education in “Through a multidisciplinary ap- both letter and spirit. Amrita has de- proach and technology integration, signed programs that are analysed and the agriculture science sector is pre- changed on a regular basis in order to paring to address such difficulties. In keep up with the latest advancements the strict sense, a major pest outbreak in the industry. like the locust incursion that occurred Despite great gains in modernity and in northern India in 2020 is an ento- India’s march toward globalisation, mological problem. But the outbreak agriculture has always remained the has a connection with rainfall pat- backbone of our economy. It still em- tern, wind movement, soil, tillage and ploys over two-thirds of the country’s vegetation in the area. The impact can workers and contributes significantly be minimised through a multidiscipli- to the economy. nary approach rather than disciplines It satisfies both our basic dietary working in isolation,” says Dr Sud- needs and the demand for raw mate- Dr Sudheesh Manalil, Professor & heesh. rials in the manufacturing industry. Head of Research, and Chairperson In contrast to traditional agricul- Agriculture has benefited immensely of Post Graduate Program, School of tural science teaching and research, from science and technology in terms Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa students at Amrita receive advanced of increasing output and improving Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore campus education in the field of agriculture quality. science through embracing technology Dr Sudheesh Manalil, Head Re- shift in approaches as many of the innovations. Expertise from both the search, Chair Person Post Graduate conventional agricultural practices are national and international levels will Program, Amrita School of Agricul- energy-intensive (such as heavy till- be included into every aspect of the tural Sciences says: age) and employ indiscriminate use curriculum. “The importance of agriculture edu- of fertilizers. This leads to greenhouse “To meet such challenging objectives, cation and research is going up day by gas emission from crop fields, reduces in Amrita School of Agricultural Sci- day as food, its quality and nutrient carbon sequestration, pollutes the en- ences, contrary to the conventional completeness are of utmost impor- vironment and acts as a catalyst for a teaching and research, the curriculum tance to humankind and other living changing climate.” is designed by integrating technologi- entities. The burgeoning population Agriculture includes farm manage- cal advancements through a multidis- and changing climate further demand ment, agricultural machinery manu- ciplinary approach aligned with inter- precise and eco-friendly practices to facture, agricultural product pro- national standards and as envisaged ensure maximum production from a curement and processing, banking by the Indian Council of Agricultural unit area with a minimum impact on activities for financing and developing Research (ICAR).”, explains Dr Sud- the environment. There is a need for farms, research to increase the num- heesh. July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 45 Aatm Nirbhar Bharat Innovative infrastructure approach in Sukhet Model Self Reliance Through Monetization of Agro Waste

he rural areas of Bihar, like other rural areas of the country, suffer from poor sanitation. There is no mechanism for the disposal Tof agro waste as well as household waste. The villages also lack suitable disposal of cow dung, mainly used for domestic fuel. With Ujjawala programme, it was expected that the cow dung cake will be replaced by LPG. Unfortunately, expenditure will be 11 lakhs with total Dr Ramesh poor economic condition and patriarchal profit of 4 lakh per annum. The total Chandra society made refilling of cylinders less Srivastava, capital expenditure is about 16 lakhs than 50 percent. Thus, a unique solution Vice which include cost of structure, shredder, of sustainable nature was conceptualized Chancellor carts (including one e-cart) and chaff to achieve four objectives: (a) Rural Dr Rajendra cutter along with arrangements of water Prasad Central sanitation by collection and recycling of Agricultural supply and electricity. The requirement household waste (b) Smokeless cooking University, of working capital is about 10 lakhs per (c) Restoring nutritional balance of soil Pusa, annum. and (d) Providing employment to rural Samastipur Presently the system is serving 56 (Bihar) youth. farm families. It is expected that there will With this concept, a vermicompost be annual production of 240 tonnes of unit having capacity of 56 windrows of 2 Kg per 1000 kg of bio waste cow vermicompost. With a rate of Rs 6000/- size 10/ x 3/x 2.5/ (L x W x H ) alongwith dung mixture having 2000-2500 young per tonne, the annual gross return will a shed for storing cow dung and agro earthworms (1.2±0.25 g/worm) with be Rs 14.4 lakhs with net profit of Rs 5 waste was constructed. Infrastructure each cycle getting completed in 12 lakhs (approx). was created to collect household waste weeks accommodatingfor four cycle a The system, called the Sukhet and shredding of agro waste along with year. The compost quality and maturity Model, is in operation in a village in daily collection of cow dung. Two dustbins parameters i.e., C/N ratio. CEC/TOC Madhubani district of Bihar. It shall be were provided to each household for ratio, Total N,P, K, and micronutrients self-sustaining. Bihar has 2 crore farm collecting household waste. A household (Fe,Cu, Mn, Zn) has been assessed and families. To provide similar facility, we shall contributing cow dung of two cattle compared with standard compost quality need about 2 lakh units. The system will daily was given an LPG refill every two parameters. provide employment to 10 lakh people, months. For vermicomposting, batch About 250 tonnes of vermicompost provide 5 crore tonnes of vermicompost, process is being followed in which will be prepared every year giving gross and will provide 6 cylinders annually to shredded biowaste is mixed with cow revenue of Rs 15 lakhs per annum. The 2 crore families. This will bring a huge dung slurry in the ratio of 65:35 (waste: unit has been designed for 100 farm transformation in rural Bihar in terms of cow dung, w/w) , at suitable moisture families, hence about 600 cylinders will employment, wealth creation, smokeless and temperature (50-65 percent and 35- have to be purchased costing 5.5 lakhs domestic cooking and rural sanitation. 400C), the epigeic earthworm species per annum. With 5 laboures being paid There will be sufficient organic manure (Eisenia fetida, Peryonix excavates 5 lakhs per annum and Rs 50,000 as availability for restoring soil health and and Eudrilus eugenii) was spiked @ contingent expenditure, the total annual boost organic farming.

46 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 47 Vision and Support

Policy Interventions Maximizing AI For Agri Growth he utilisation of technology Core Issues has seen a sharp fall in labour will enable a radical growth l The pricing structure characterises of agricultural productiv- poor cost and weak demand-supply AI, IoT and Tech Solutions for ity and accelerate access chains Agriculture to markets, data, advisory l▪ The Food and Agriculture l An enhanced approach to price Tand inputs. AI usage is estimated to add Organization (FAO) predicts structuring can be enabled via a USD 500 billion to India’s GDP by 2025, approximately a 20-40 per cent digital platform, which can customize with agriculture adding USD 60-65 bil- decrease in global crop production and compare prices across regions lion. Emerging technologies including due to plant diseases and pests. and vendors creating cost clarity. sensors, Internet of Things (IoT), drones, India accounts for 25 per cent of l The utilisation of AI technologies to and satellite images can consolidate and global production. Well-structured identify and control pest behaviour. examine weather data, soil figures and pest management can help Consolidation of remotely sensed market costs. diagnose pest behaviour resulting in data, image categorisation and reduced crop damage. weather data helps differentiate l Uncertain climatic conditions weed from crops. This differentiation damage crops, highlighting the need results in a reduction in harvest and for weather prediction systems. environmental destruction. l Soil and crop regulation mechanisms l By using local farm pictures, AI are needed to determine the models can be established for soil moisture and nutrition level, restoration and crop growth. humidity, temperature and health l Driverless tractors can work by indicators for well-timed farming replacing the scarce labour and measures generate quicker and nutritious l During the past decade, the sector production.

about the author Mr Uday Nagaraju is Founder & Director, AI Policy Labs, London. He is also Co-Founder & Executive President, Global Policy Insights, and Conference Chair & Convener, AI Conference 2020. He proposed a Commonwealth Partnership on AI, actively works on UK-India AI partnership and is passionate about utilisng AI & innovation for agriculture. Researcher to the author, Ms Naman Singha is Research Associate, AI Policy Labs

48 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Vision and Support

a precision agriculture solution company l adoption of connections between identifies diseases, pests and optimum private players for efficient data harvesting time towards better crop accessibility to farmers management. Another firm, SpectroAg l Sowing prediction recommendations examines field data to create real-time by AI tools provide stability for the information. agriculture community. In collaboration with industries and l reduction in wastage is monitored academia, the Japanese government by AI tools by managing the launched policies on Smart Agriculture environment of storage. focused on resolving the challenges of Launched ICT and enhancing productivity. A Japa- The Way Forward in 2016, ‘Kisan nese agricultural drone company, Nile- There is a massive potential of utilising AI Suvidha’, a mobile works, established a drone system to for agriculture. NITI Aayog’s National AI application by the Depart- search and spray pesticide accordingly. Strategy prioritising agriculture is headed ment of Agriculture & Cooperation, Min- A booming start-up, Vegetalia, installs in the right direction. The complex chal- istry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare camera sensors to track weather and soil lenges prompt for more government in- (MoA&FW), provides information on parameters. terventions for short and long-term re- weather conditions, market price struc- Canada invested $49.5 million to- sults. ture, expert advisory and soil health card wards expanding farming solutions and The approach could be indepen- in several languages. access to innovative technologies. They dent government initiatives along with MoA&FW uses modern method- have the presence of start-ups like Ele- multi-stakeholder in-country and external ologies to distribute and store grains, vate Farm which utilises tech-based ver- partnerships. An immediate intervention implement policies and cost strategies. tical farming systems to grow vegetables. to expedite the enhancement of rural in- MoA&FW, in association with ISRO, is frastructure is needed. In addition, bring- working to enhance production of nine Policy Requirements ing together a country level coordinated crops including wheat, rice, jute, mus- Niti Aayog’s National AI Strategy identi- structure for pricing and other related tard, cotton, sugarcane, rabi and kharif fies agriculture as a core focus with en- processes is pivotal. crop and rabi sorghum. Niti Aayog, in hanced income, farm productivity and The start-up ecosystem is critical for collaboration with IBM, developed a crop reduction in wastage. The motive is to innovation. Strengthening the agritech yield prediction apparatus, shedding light double the farmers’ income by boosting ecosystem through incentives, bursaries, on enhancing crop and soil production productivity and expanding the market advancing research and empowering re- and warning of pest outbreaks. and supply chain. search bodies through additional funding Skymet, a start-up spread across FICCI, in collaboration with PwC, pub- and private partnerships can encourage 20 states, implements agro insurance lished a report “Ushering in New Growth homegrown innovation. International col- and risk management in agriculture Wave: From Artificial Intelligence to laborations can bring innovative methods with Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojna Agricultural Intelligence”, which recom- working elsewhere and can aid research. (PMFBY), thus helping to tackle climate- mends: Data availability is a critical issue. caused disturbances using space agen- l identifying agencies to disseminate Increased digitalisation and subsequent cies. AI solutions to strengthen yield and data availability can leapfrog techno- In terms of CSR initiatives, Adani profitability of arms.f logical advancements in the sector. The Foundation in association with Krishi l encouraging AI use among farmers government needs to identify areas of Vigyan Kendra spreads awareness on and agribusinesses to enable growth digitalisation along with a structured form agricultural technologies. Mahindra & without much effort. of data availability without compromising Mahindra Ltd’s Seed The Rise initiative l formation of skill development privacy and ethics. works towards tackling poor weather and centres towards AI training for Government initiatives in raising complex farming conditions. farmers to boost productivity and awareness regarding technology are sustain growth momentum. paramount. Global Use Cases and Interventions l promoting associations between Natural Language Processing (NLP) The Netherlands, the second-largest private agencies and state advancements in Indian languages and agricultural exporter globally after the agriculture universities which dialects are crucial to benefit farmers in United States, has shown great potential advances efficiency of irrigation and rural India. Strengthening the research in utilising AI for food security. Polariks, timely evaluation of soil health. ecosystem plays a major role.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 49 Tyhe Wa Ahead

Ground water Conservation, Air Pollution Control Direct Seeded Rice - The Right Choice

conomically, rice is a farmer- total growing period. This can be sustained friendly crop as compared to without over exploitation of groundwater in other kharif crops. But rice irri- the normal rainy season of IGP (500-800mm gation water productivity (IWP) rains). But water guzzling agronomic prac- is relatively low at 0.22 kg/m3. tices of puddle transplanted rice (TPR) in- uthor ThisE reflects inefficient irrigation water use, creases need for irrigation to over 1250 mm. a causing depletion of groundwater to grey This causes imbalances between annual zones in the northern states of Punjab and groundwater recharge by the rains and wa- Haryana. Further, paddy stubble burning ter consumed by rice crop. Water need of causes severe air pollution in the National rice crop can be reduced to sustainable level bout the a Capital Region. at below 700 mm without any compromise It is a myth that rice is a water-guzzling with seed yield by shifting from TPR to DSR Dr. Virender Singh Lather crop. Its biological need for water is similar system. Excess use of water in TPR has no is Former Principal to other summer season crops like maize, additional incentives to seed yield except for Scientist, ICAR-IARI, New sorghum, soybean etc and nearly half as easiness to weed control. Delhi compared to cotton, sugarcane etc. Sum- TPR needs about 3000 liters of water to mer rice crop needs only 450-700 mm for produce a kg of raw rice. This causes deple-

50 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Tyhe Wa Ahead

tion of groundwater to grey zone in the northern states. To counter this, a joint consortium of PAU-Ludhiana, HAU- Hisar, ICAR in collaboration with Austra- lian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), IRRI, Cimmyt and Pepsico developed Direct Seeded Rice technology during 2005-2012 with em- phasis on weed control with chemicals namely Bispyribac Sodium (Nominee Gold). Farmers have been slow to adopt it due to menace of weeds caused by de- fective recommendation of sowing dates (June 10 onwards, which coincides with pre-monsoon showers) and overdepen- dence on frequent irrigation and herbi- cides. Many of those who adopted DSR reverted back to TPR, giving a serious and have planted under improved DSR ter conservation, control of air pollution, setback to the new technology. (TAR-VATTAR DSR) on about 16 lakhs sustainability of agriculture and better Our research team at ICAR-IARI acres in Punjab and 5 lakh acres in incomes f for farmers. (2014-2016) developed farmer-friendly Haryana during the year 2020 (about 20 improved DSR (TAR-VATTAR DSR, de- per cent of total area under paddy culti- SOP-Direct Seeded Rice tails enclosed in Box) by removing the vation). This makes rice cultivation sus- • 15 May to 5 defects faced earlier. In improved DSR, DSR sowing time: tainable and resilient to climate change June (one month before the onset of the date of sowing is advanced to May by saving about 30 percent consumption monsoon) 15- June 5, a month before the onset of groundwater, energy, labour, diesel • in TAR-VATTAR field after of monsoon. Sowing done in moist field Sowing: etc. It maintains soils porosity for better heavy irrigation and field preparation after irrigation (TAR-VATTAR fields like recharge of water through rains in com- • 8 kg seed/acre after wheat crop sowing), application of pre- parison to transplanted rice which forms Seed rate: treatment with 2 g Bavistin & I ml emergence weed killers (Pendameth- hard layers in the soils. chloropyriphos per kg seeds alin etc) immediately after sowing and DSR based cropping system can ef- • 2-3 cm only. delayed first irrigation on the 20th day. fectively control the incidences of stubble Seed depth: Later irrigations through Alternate Wet- burning and air pollution by using early • Distance between rows: 9 inches. ting & Drying Cycle (AWD) of 10-15 days varieties (110 days maturity namely PB- • Weed Control: Spray pre- interval on the basis of rain and type of 1509 & 1692, PR-126 etc). These are emergence weed killer the soils. For DSR in sandy soils, we use harvested by mid September. [email protected] liter per acre locally-available natural gums. DSR-based cropping system with in 200 liters water immediately We validated improved DSR at farm- early maturity rice and zero tillage (with- after sowing. If weeds still cause ers’ fields during 2016-2021 in Punjab, out stubble burnings) can become even problems, spray bispyribac sodium Haryana, UP, Uttrakhand etc includ- more environment and farmer friendly. @ 100ml in 200 liter water in moist ing sandy soils and rain-fed areas. This Farmers can take benefit of additional field after 25-30 days of sowing. proved that “In DSR the first irrigation short duration crops like Urd (black • Irrigation: First irrigation delayed could be delayed by three weeks with- gram), Toria (rape-seed), Peas, vegeta- at 20 days after the sowing. Later out mortality of seed and seedling even ble or dencha (For green manure) before irrigations by adopting Alternate in hot and dry months. This helps in ef- the sowing of wheat. This will effectively Wetting & Drying cycle (AWD Cycle) fective weeds control with application of reduce paddy stubble burning. It shall at the interval of 10-15 days on the pre-emergent weed killer pendimethalin make the country self sufficient in pulses basis of the rains and type of the etc. The incidence of pests and diseases and oilseed production, with addition in- soils. is also less and crops become nearly comes for the farmers. The government • Fertilizers & Pest Control: As free from bakanae disease. must promote farmer-friendly DSR as recommended for transplanted rice Farmers have shown keen interest the permanent solution for groundwa- (TPR)

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 51 Agri Vision

Smart measures required Successful

About the kharif season Author amidst the pandemic griculture sector had emerged inputs. as the only bright spot when There are uncertainties in commodity the Indian economy faced markets due to disrupted farm sector and Dr Shivendra Bajaj, headwinds of Covid-19 last volatility in demand and supply. In case of Executive Director, year. India witnessed record sudden slump in demand, commodity rates Federation of Seed productionA of foodgrains (303.34 million can drop and hurt farmers. This is a key area Industry of India tonnes), which was 2 percent higher year-on- where government agencies will have to look and Alliance for Agri year. at. Proper communication and advisories Innovation While the central government is reviewing through different channels including Kisan and assessing the preparedness for crop Call Centres can help reach out to farmers management, local agriculture agencies effectively. Satellite remote sensing can be practical alternative. Farmers too will have to ensure optimum and timely used to get precise and up-to-date information must rely on machinery and availability of input materials such as seeds, on the crop situation. technological solutions for pesticides, fertilisers, farm machinery and Also, we must encourage agri-tech start- safe, stable and efficient tools. Proper communication channels ups with suitable policies and incentives. farm operations. Cooperative should be established among farmer groups, They can play an important role in providing and private custom hiring local traders, wholesalers and government artificial intelligence and digitization- based centrescan play a crucial role agencies. Farmers must get timely and technological solutions when access of in providing farm machinery accurate updates about farming materials and farmers to the outside world has become and equipment, especially techniques, weather forecasts, and market restricted due to lockdowns. These start- to the small and marginal dynamics. Creating such platforms in the age ups can help farmers obtain farm tools and farmers. The government of ICT will not be a difficult task. Farmers too equipment as well as certified seeds and can extend the scope of will have to follow health advisories as the nutrients. Ecommerce companies too can Sub-Mission on Agricultural possibilities of Covid-19 infection remains. pitch in to deliver crop inputs to farmers Mechanisation (SMAM) to They must follow social distancing, use wherever possible. set up hubs for hi-tech and masks, sanitise farm machineries and avoid Though there might not be shortage of high value farm equipment rushing to crowded markets to buy crop labour this time, farm mechanisation is a and create awareness.

52 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 advertorial

KATARNI RICE FUTURE OF AROMATIC RICE IN EXPORT MARKET

Since more than 100 years, Katarni Rice is grown in Bhagalpur and its adjoining area. During the Bhagalpur visit of Pt. Jwaharlal Nehru in 1952, Katarni Chura from a Jagdishpur block was gifted to him by the then District Mag- istrate. The word “Katarni” literally means an awl with a hook at the end for sewing and has resemblance of the tip of its husk (apicull) with awl. It has unique taste due to its palatability and special aroma which develops only when it is grown in a specific geographical territory comprising few blocks namely Jagdishpur, Sanhaula, Sahkund and Sultanganj in Bhagalpur District; Tarapur and Asharganj in Munger District and Amarpur, Shambhuganj, Rajaun, Barahat, Chanan and Katoria in Banka District. The farmers in this tract are growing this special rice since long mainly in the surrounding catchment areas of a river namely Chanan.

The tag of Geographical Indication was given to Katarni rice in 2018. A registered farmers’ society ‘Bhagalpuri Katarni Rice Utpadak Sangh’ has been awarded by Intellectual Properties Rights, Govt. of India to utilize the GI tag which has provided an exclusive right to the growing farmers and will protect the high reputation and brand name of Bihar state for having such valuable natural and commercial assets. The GI tag of Katarni rice has helped the consumers and producers in enhancing the commercial value and the growers/stakeholders can intervene in the export and the domestic market. Like Basmati, It has potential to capture the Indian agriculture export market particularly in the Middle East Asian countries.

Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210, Bihar, India. July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY Mob No. +91 9771602414 53 Agri Science

ew mobile apps are help- IKSHU KEDAR ing farmers with vital infor- This mobile application was developed mation that enable them by ICAR-IISR, Lucknow. It helps farmers to take economically and to decide upon the date and duration of environmentally sound the next irrigation, which helps in water Ndecisions. Mobile apps are an effective management. This app is based on the platform for training, teaching, plantation, climatic condition of the area, weather plant protection, marketing and many forecast for northern states, and the other roles. They provide farmers with impact on sugarcane farming. Limited timely information to enhance yield and usage of the app is reported in unfavor- income. able situations like saline or alkaline soil, The mobile apps are designed in waterlogged areas, and areas with very accordance with the needs of the farm- heavy or loamy soil. ers, extension workers and researchers. Many researchers working in different CASHEW INDIA institutes of the Indian Council of Agricul- This mobile app was developed by ICAR- ture and Research, New Delhi, India have Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, developed a number of mobile apps on and Karnataka, India. The developer forecasting and forewarning of pest inci- had collected all the critical inputs and dence, synthesis of information on inte- information’s from all the centers of All grated pest management, and selection about the author India Coordinated Research Project on cum calculation of label-claim pesticides Cashew, under the program on Mission Dr Meenakshi Malik is a scientist in the area of crop protection, like pesti- for Integrated Development of Horticul- in ICAR-National Research Centre cide calculator, mobile apps on pest fore- for IPM, New Delhi. For ten years, ture (MIDH), Ministry of Agriculture and warning (Pest-predict EMS and RBS). she has been working on the Farmers Welfare, GOI. It provides com- Many good agricultural apps are avail- development of various information prehensive statistics on cashew grafts, able on Google play store. The following and communication tools for pest nursery, cultivation, plant safety, submits are some commonly used mobile apps. management in different crops harvest processing, market records, e-

54 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Agri Science

marketplace, various stakeholders con- SOYBEAN GYAN sisting of farmers, researchers, develop- This mobile app was developed by ICAR- mental corporations, processors at one Indian Institute of Soybean Research, place, and helps orchard growers. Indore. It is very useful for researchers, scholars, students, agro-advisors, ex- CHANA MITRA tension workers and soybean growers. This mobile app was developed by The app helps in knowing the latest rec- ICAR - Indian Institute of Pulses Re- Dr Malik loves gardening, ommended production and protection playing with children and search, Kanpur, UP. Chana Mitra is an technologies. It helps the farmer to know listening to music internet-enabled initiative of the institute about the key pests of the crop and their for helping chickpea farmers with the lat- management strategies. It provides in- est information and advisories for higher GROUNDNUT-IPM formation about the tools and equipment chickpea production. The app presents This GIPM mobile app was developed needed for harvesting, threshing, crop the data related to location-specific im- by ICAR- NCIPM, New Delhi, India on management, and some special treat- proved chickpea varieties, crop manufac- Groundnut pest management. This pro- ment like seed treatment etc. By using turing technologies, and crop plant pro- vides useful for dissemination across this mobile app farmers are able to get tection technology, harvest technology various stakeholders, extension function- information about scientific recommen- as well as marketing and climate. aries, pesticide dealers, and farmers. It dations on seed rate, sowing time, vari- has features like pictorials of key pests, eties in seed chain location wise etc. It CICR COTTON APP damage symptoms, monitoring of pests, also helps other consumers with different This mobile app was developed by ICAR- management techniques, IPM schedule soy food recipes, Good Agricultural Prac- CICR, Nagpur, India for benefiting cotton etc. The chemical options have a link to tices, farmer soybean advisories gener- farmers. It provides useful information on insecticide and fungicide calculator to fa- ated by the experts and provides links for cotton, from sowing, varieties, hybrids, cilitate their selection along with calcula- farmer discussion platforms. cultivation to management practices like tion of quantity for a required area and protection and production technology. application technology. ICAR-MUSHROOM Farmers can use this app to know about This mobile app was developed by ICAR- market prices and cultivation scenarios. Mobile apps are an effective Directorate of Mushroom Research, So- The key components are information platform for training, teaching, lan, Himachal Pradesh to help mushroom on best varieties and hybrids, crop pro- growers, entrepreneurs, researchers, tection and production technology, and plantation, plant protection, and students. It helps to disseminate farmers outreach programs. It also gives marketing and many other roles. about the use of mushroom and how it weekly advisories and regular updates They provide farmers with timely can be cultivated on agricultural waste. It on facts and figures related to cotton cul- provides the latest technologies of mush- tivation, production, market, pricing, and information to enhance yield and room cultivation. schemes, which improve the farmers’ income decision-making skills. AGRICULTURE: FARM EXTENSION MANAGER This mobile app was developed by Kera- la Agricultural University (KAU) and con- tains information on 100 essential crops of Kerala. The information is categorized in ten heads which include tool, crop cul- tivation, plant protection, organic inputs, agrochemicals, agricultural quiz, video gallery, farm posters, expert support, contact directory and app information. The crops are classified as spices, vegetables and medicinal plants etc. The crop production aspects cover informa- tion on planting, variety, fertilizer, after- care and harvest.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 55 Agri Challenges

Sustainable Agriculture Major roadblocks to complete adoption he term Sustainable Agri- to adopting modern agricultural technol- tion of any natural element, which would culture has less to do with ogy. But one of the biggest drawbacks of ensure minimal impact on the surround- the long-term sustenance technology-infused agriculture was the ings. of agriculture. Rather it is negative impact it had on the surround- There are only a few pockets with- a way of doing agriculture ing flora and fauna. in India where sustainable agriculture inT which there are enough economic This is precisely what sustainable practices have found acceptance. The returns for the farmer and minimal dis- agriculture seeks to remedy. Primarily, following are some of the major reasons. turbance to the surrounding ecosystem. it is holistic farming where there is an l Absence of Economic Incentive: Agreeably, there are visible advantages integrated approach without the nega- The government is yet to fully embrace sustainable agriculture as a critical com- about the author ponent of the national agricultural policy. There have been initiatives on the gov- Mr Nikhil Das is the brain behind Agdhi, an agritech startup based in ernment’s part like the National Mission Bengaluru which aims to create the for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). But next revolution in agriculture. The a full-fledged roll-out of a policy docu- startup is revolutionizing agriculture ment that spells out an economic incen- by introducing digital technology tive to the farmer for sustainable agri- and building alternatives solutions cultural practices is yet to find a place to facilitate sustainable methods in among the government’s plans. This agriculture. Mr Das has designed and delivered a variety of products in the makes the farmer wary of switching to market that played key roles in Village sustainable agriculture. Electrification Projects l Lack of Awareness: Although the

56 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Agri Challenges

While the government still provides subsidies for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, no such subsidy is extended towards organic inputs

farmer receives help from regional ag- seeds available, but there is no recog- ricultural centers, it is more to do with nition for such seeds. This forces the increasing crop yields and associated farmer to go with conventional seeds practices within the existing framework. even if they are ready to go with certi- There aren’t enough avenues for the fied organic seeds. There needs to be farmer to get educated and informed a policy framework guiding the use and about new paradigms like sustainable procurement of seeds among farmers. agriculture. Even if farmers start on their l Higher Cost: One of the criti- own, there aren’t enough resources and cal hurdles when it comes to adopting support that can be extended by gov- sustainable farming is the higher cost ernment intermediaries in taking the compared to conventional farming. Or- sustainable initiative to its logical end. ganic seeds are costlier, take time to ment drives the importance of sustain- This makes even regional centers reluc- grow and storage of the final product is able agriculture at the community and tant in getting started with sustainable expensive. Most farmers who do con- grassroots level. Mass adoption of sus- agriculture. ventional farming are not likely to switch tainable agriculture can bring down the l Lack of Institutionalized Sup- over easily considering the high cost. It costs substantially. port: Any initiative needs consistent is highly recommended that the govern- institutional support to get operational. Quest for Sustainability In the case of sustainable agriculture, Although the country is lagging in sus- except for the (NMSA) under the De- tainable agriculture, it is imperative that partment of Agriculture of the union gov- our policymakers wake up to the re- ernment, there has not been an autono- alities of side effects of pesticide use, mous government body that can drive overexploitation of natural resources the adoption. The lack of coordinated ef- and climate change. All these factors forts with regards to dedicated person- are intertwined and are likely to have a nel, facilities, and motivation has kept Mr Das is fond of motorcycling significant impact on the lives of 1.3 bil- sustainable agriculture in its infancy. and interest in electronics. lion Indians. The authorities need to put l Lack of Organic Inputs: While MotoNerdz, his hobby turned their best foot forward in bringing sus- the government still provides subsidies business venture, specialises tainable agriculture to the forefront as for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, in superbikes, spares parts, necessary need of the hour. Ultimately, services and Arttora, an online no such subsidy is extended towards or- platform for artists it is about securing the well-being of ganic inputs. There are certified organic coming generations.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 57 Eye On Future

Agri Sector How Covid Has Changed the Rules of the Game ovid disrupted supply chains across agriculture and its allied sectors. It prompted the need for re- forms in the agri-sector and Cdigital solutions to link farmers to markets, build wage safety nets, and ensure equi- table working conditions at the farm level. For the horticulture industry, an opportu- nity exists to enhance and strengthen its value chains. In order to make these value chains more flexible and effective, digital technol- ogy, including geo-tagging, digital profiles of farmers, communication and payments will play a crucial role. Indian agri-industry is on the brink of a massive transforma- tion. More steps are necessary to reboot perishable horticultural products at rates ger durations until market prices become the industry and ensure it exits the crisis that are typically sub-standard. Decentral- suitable. Such facilities can even operate more robust than ever as experts suggest ized cold storage infrastructure is the need on alternative energy sources like solar that a third and a fourth Covid wave in the of the hour to bring down the losses. energy. As this area is still germinating, it waiting. has huge potential for growth, given the The crisis accentuates the country’s Needed: Network of Cold Storage large share of horticultural produce it can prospects for strengthening our cold chain Facilities cater to. A mix of government and private infrastructure along with agri-warehousing A network of cold storage facilities across partnership can further boost its pace of facilities. The lack of sufficient cold storage rural and urban India can allow farmers implementation. facilities in India force farmers to sell their to store their horticultural produce for lon- In terms of the consumer, a significant impact of the pandemic has been that it about the author has imprinted mass consciousness for Mr Pankaj Khandelwal is the Chairman and hygiene and safety. People have become Managing Director of INI Farms, a vertically increasingly conscious of their health integrated branded fruit company. With its and the safety of the food they consume. flagship products of banana, pomegranate and There has also been a significant shift in fresh cuts, INI is at the forefront of bringing the buying habits as consumers became ag-tech to Indian agriculture. It has built large wary of stepping out of their homes for in- scale operations spanning contract farming, store purchases produce during the pan- aggregation, supply chain management and demic. They rely more on e-commerce for serving retailers in 35 countries globally home delivery. These trends opened up

58 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Eye On Future

The agri sector will need to rethink and continue to adapt towards resilient, sustainable and game-changing agri-models to widen the horizons for the industry new segments and created opportunities sector and empower farmers. for business expansion for agriculture and The above changes can materialise horticulture companies beyond their tradi- only if the health of the farmers is ensured. tional routes. Agri companies can ensure that the farm- Subsequently, Ag-tech solutions that ers and the workers associated with them offer quality and safety have gained sig- are vaccinated. Emphasis should also be nificant attention. Companies are shifting placed upon the safety protocols at farms, focus from aspects such as trade trace- citing the fact that the rural hinterlands ability to consumer traceability, providing Mr Khandelwal ranked among have witnessed a spike in infection rates. a transparent mechanism to track the top 100 in IIT-JEE and graduated journey of the produce from farm to fork. in Computer Science from IIT Horticulture The Thriving Sector This has been further enhanced through Kanpur. He studied management As the lockdown continues to unfold from IIM Calcutta where he won tech-enabled solutions such as QR Code- across the country, horticulture is emerg- gold medal for outstanding aca- based stickers for individual fruits, the lat- ing as a thriving sector. Despite the chal- demic performance. Mr Khandel- est consumer centric innovation adopted lenges posed by the pandemic, the impact wal co-founded INI Farms with his by the horticulture industry. of this global crisis can be mitigated. The wife Purnima in 2009 Consumers today can have access to pandemic is a fertile pivotal point to transi- real-time insights like where and who has tion from conventional agri-business mod- grown the fruit, simply by scanning the ing aims to retain food quality at its best. els to innovative advanced tech-based dynamic QR code, and are willing to pay Companies continue to shift towards a ‘Di- models. a premium to be able to do so. Packag- rect to Consumer’ model. The emphasis is The future of farming will reconcile largely on providing the best ‘experience’ with domains that were earlier not asso- to the consumer, without compromising on ciated with agriculture. The digitization of quality. databases, real-time monitoring of the dis- Covid pointed out the need to incor- tribution supply chain, and logistical trace- porate policy frameworks that can sus- ability will shape our agronomy while add- tain and uphold a resilient supply chain. ing value to the commodity and produce. GOI’s recent agri-reforms are expected to As the pandemic continues to unfold, deregulate the market, a move that shall it is difficult to predict how long this or- encourage greater competition and intro- deal will last, and to what extent its impact duce best global agri practices. Keeping could be. Therefore, the sector will need supply chains functioning well is crucial to to rethink and continue to adapt towards ensure food security. It is crucial for farm- resilient, sustainable and game-changing ers to have continuous access to markets, agri-models to widen the horizons for the be it through private or government pro- industry. It will also determine how well we curement mechanisms. The reforms are cope with the ramifications of the pandem- foreseen to revamp the Indian agri-food ic in the times to come.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 59 technovation

Challenges and Emerging Solutions Agri Logistics in the Age of Disruption uestions have often been transportation and warehousing. There for the safety of our employees. raised on the logistical were challenges aplenty. But proactive capability of India and deployment of solutions offered by TOWARDS EFFICIENT AGRI whether the logistics and emerging disruptive technologies WAREHOUSING warehousing industry is have enabled players like Sohan Lal An enormous amount of food grain gets Qcapable of successfully withstanding force Commodity Management Pvt. Ltd (SLCM) wasted due to archaic procurement, majeure events like the pandemic. But to quickly remodel and adapt their day-to- storage and inefficient warehousing since March 2020 when India announced day working to continue providing their methods every year. Scientific the world’s largest lockdown to contain services 24x7 in these times of a major warehousing is the need of the hour and the virus’ spread, the country’s logistics & global crisis. is a one-stop solution that can address warehousing sector, particularly the agri We imbibed a technology-enabled the problem of wastage during storage to logistics & warehousing segment, has rural platform nine years ago. It stood us in a large extent. performed its role seamlessly. good stead during this very testing period. SLCM has done pioneering work to The sector ensured a disruption- Technology adoption came in handy implement scientific warehousing in the free agricultural supply chain and safety when we were required to manage our country. Presently, all our warehouses are of the produce by facilitating its storage, operations remotely or work-from-home integrated with real-time data embedded in artificial intelligence (AI), enabling real- time tracking of the facilities to provide error-free results on the site’s status and the products stored within as well as in transit. A patent-pending algorithm named AGRI-REACH developed by us combines a series of processes, audits and real- time tracking of the facilities to give error-free results and minimise the risk of crop damage. It uses techniques like geo-fencing to real-time tracking, bar- coded storage receipts to avoid thefts or pilferage, and internal audits with a maker and checker policy at each level. We have taken a lead towards paperless quality control by developing an AI-based mobile application to assess crop quality within a

about the author

Mr Sandeep Sabharwal is CEO, Sohan Lal Commodity Management Pvt. Ltd (SLCM) Group

60 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 technovation

minute with up to 90 percent accuracy.

HUMONGOUS GROWTH OPPORTUNITY Agri warehousing constitutes approximately 15% of the warehousing market in India and is worth between Rs 80-85 billion. At present, the agri warehousing capacity in India is more than 120 million metric tonnes (MMT) and has grown at 4 percent CAGR since 2017. The exponential growth and innovations like scientific warehousing, GPS tracking, geo-fencing, real-time monitoring, etc., have instilled confidence amongst stakeholders involved in the sector. This has brought in a lot of interest from private equity (PE) investors as well. The segment can contribute by helping The outlook for the agri logistics POTENTIAL FOR OVERSEAS the Indian economy achieve the ambitious EXPANSION $5 trillion target. Typical storage losses for and warehousing industry is Despite the slowdown brought about by agricultural produce in India account for the pandemic, our outlook for the industry approximately 10% – only for the dry food positive, and there is increased is positive, as there is increased focus grains – of the entire production, which focus of policymakers on on part of policymakers on scientific works out to a staggering Rs 1 trillion! It is scientific warehousing warehousing. We are optimistic that important that technological solutions are this will help trigger the much-needed adopted at a rapid pace to help reduce the integrated with real-time data embedded momentum in the sector. Successes in post-storage losses. in AI help in real-time tracking of the domestic operations along with increasing An independent study by the facilities. These provide error-free results confidence and depth of domain expertise industry chamber Federation of Indian on the status of the warehouse and the and operational competence have Chambers of Commerce and Industry products stored within as well as in transit. emboldened Indian agri warehousing (FICCI) concluded that SLCM’s scientific A virtual customer service network is the companies to look at the overseas markets storage AGRI REACH technique had a need of the hour because it will enhance for expansion. In keeping with the Central remarkable impact on the quality of stored the service standards. It will also help Government’s outreach to countries of produce. in raising the bar on scientific storage South East Asia, we launched holistic The May 2020 announcement by by eliminating paperwork and providing warehousing operations in Myanmar in the Central Government of 11 measures evidence of the calling details. 2014. for the agriculture sector as part of the The country’s South Asian neighbours Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative was a like Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka also welcome move. Among the measures present an opportunity for homegrown announced, eight are for boosting the players to establish an overseas presence agricultural infrastructure, capacity and owing to their geographical and cultural logistics. The allocation of Rs 1 trillion proximity. In addition, Africa presents a for farm gate infrastructure, including lucrative market for expansion because of affordable and viable post-harvest its untapped agri warehousing potential. management, clearly reveals the In preparation for the future, the seriousness of the government’s intent in Indian Agriculture sector needs a modern developing and enhancing post-harvest and professionally managed agritech agri infrastructure. mechanism that is capable of successfully In a marketplace model, intelligent addressing the demands of a growing call centres have an extremely important population, a rapidly expanding economy role to play. Smart call centres when and competing with the world’s best.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 61 Agri Support

The Annadata is helpless, is I ndian AgriculTURE needs Financial facing multiple challenges Oxygen to survive Kharif season Many states are doing their best to sup- Rice is a representative Kharif port farmers and their produce by provid- crop. Farmers works hard on ing loan waiver or mechanisation support. the entire cycle of plowing, But farmers urgently need the Centre’s bed-building, land-cleaning, support to survive during the pandemic. seed-refining. Soon enough, The aid may be in the form of subsidy for farmers have to deal with the the purchase of fertilizers, seeds or green vagaries of nature. They face channels to sell their crop. Revised fertiliser natural disasters, but there prices announced in April disturbs farmers is nobody to listen to the ma- before Kharif season. Already, the price of Vinay Kumar Gautam jor challenges faced by them. Pramod Kumar electricity and diesel are sky-high. The gov- National Correspondent, They have to take up work like ‘Pramodanand’ ernment may offer subsidized rate for nitro- ATG Group storage maintenance, main- Agriculture Today gen and potassic fertilisers to entice farmers for more balanced use of tenance of agricultural ma- Lucknow the nutrients, mainly in states with high nutrient deficiency. According chinery, building repair and construction and many other to a NABARD report (2018-19), only 31 pc of the farming commu- tasks. Every crop needs to be raised like a child. nity borrowed by government sources. The rest borrowed from money The second wave of corona virus paralyzed in differ- landers or non-government institutions. The government must ensure ent ways. The farmers need supportive systems. They that the flow of finance/credit for kharif season is not disrupted. The need hand-holding. They need appropriate, effective, government must also ensure the liability of meteorological forecast. strong welfare schemes. Agricultural grants and crop pro- The pattern of monsoon from early June to September is the most crit- tection insurance are some of the support systems. Pub- ical factor for kharif cultivation. Also, the government should promote lic representatives should come forward for the welfare of modern machinery for cultivation of Kharif crops like DSR technique the farmers. for paddy and cotton crop.For Kharif season agricultural and horticul- The welfare of the farmer is crucial to the welfare of tural crop, farm insurance policy norms should be relaxed with clear the nation. Businesses, enterprises, employment – the guidelines during pandemic. Farmers may be concerned about timely entire economy is sustained because of the farmer. There purchase of their harvested Kharif crop. That’s why government and must be total realization of this in order to drive farmer other responsible authorities should assure the famers community to welfare. better procurement, storage and timely payment of their produce. Required: Government and Industry Support for a Successful Kharif The second wave of Corona shook agriculture and farmers. The time for the preparation of Kharif crop is near. But we do not see the usual radiance, happiness and zeal on the faces of the farmers. The second wave of Covid shook even a state like Uttarakhand. Due to Covid curfew, all the crops, fruits and vegetables that were ready were on the verge of ruin. The harvest was ready but there were no buyers, no market. Then farmers had to prepare for Kharif. The entire government machinery was battling the pandemic. The government or the industry was unable to help farmers. But farmers know that life must go on. They are busy preparing for Kharif de- spite the many challenges. Small issues like getting the seeds, fertilizers or repair of farm equipments became difficult because of the pandemic. Over the last one year, farmers of this hill state have become very weak financially. We have suffered hailstorm, excessive rain and recession. In such a situation, Narendra Singh Mehra farmers need cooperation from the government and the banks. Due to hardships, they were not able State Bureau Chief to repay the bank loan. Hence they are facing problems in Kharif cultivation. Many departments includ- Agriculture Today ing the government are battling the corona epidemic. The first priority of the government is to deal with Uttarakhand Covid. Hence farmers will have to prepare for the Kharif crop from their own resources. No matter how challenging the circumstances, farmers have to discharge their duties. They shall have to patiently work in their fields to produce food grains for the country.

62 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Agri Support Restoration of Supply Assam Farmers Need Stress Chains Essential Tolerant Rice Varieties Agriculture is an age-old economic As the kharif season is approaching, activity in our country. Over the years, Assam farmers have started preparing cultivation methods have changed for cultivation of their main crop, Sali significantly depending upon the paddy. A major part of the total cultiva- characteristics of the physical envi- ble area of Assam is flood prone. Farm- ronment, technological know-how ers always face uncertainty over the and socio-cultural practices. consequences of devastating floods. Farmers are facing many chal- During the Kharif season, a major need lenges during the current Covid of farmers is the availability of stress times. The impact is more on the Yudhvir Singh tolerant rice varieties (STRV). Of late, Jyoti Bikash Nath small farmers, especially those who General Secretary Department of Agriculture and Assam State Bureau Chief, grow vegetables and fruit. Due to Bhartiya Kisan Union Agricultural University, with the techni- Agriculture Today the perishable nature of the pro- cal support of IRRI under the World Assam duce, their earnings are impacted immediately. Bank-funded Assam Agri Business and Rural Transformation Due to Covid, transportation is a challenge for farmers. Project has distributed STRVs among farmers in order to popu- Due to marketing issues, they are forced to sell their produce larize them. The Assam government must make STRV seeds cheap. It is not possible for them to take the produce back available in large numbers for farmers. Growing community home. Sometimes produce has to be dumped as feed for an- nursery in upland for supplying seedlings after recession of the imals. During the Kharif season, farmers may face financial flood to the needy farmers will be a major step in supporting problems. They may be unable to purchase essential inputs their livelihood. like quality seed, fertilizers etc. Other sectors too are feeling Most farmers are still not aware of crop insurance schemes. the heat. Poultry, dairy, goatery, fishery – in all these sectors, Awareness campaigns must be organized so that maximum farmers are facing the problem of disrupted supply chains, numbers of farmers can avail the benefit of the insurance marketing and pricing. It is essential to restore the supply schemes. Labour scarcity is an emerging issue for Assam ag- chains so that the small farmers can get the right market and riculture. Mechanization is at a budding stage. Custom hiring also the correct price. Financial assistance in terms of easily centers are emerging, but availability of machines is still a major available loans with an extended recovery period will be a issue for Assam farmers. Due to the narrow window of different boost. Assurance of availability of production input is urgently crop operations during Kharif, farmers have to struggle for com- needed by the small and marginal farmers. pleting different agricultural activities on time. Increasing the Consumers and middlemen must support farmers in this number of machines among farmers is the only solution. This hour of need. They should not try to benefit from the com- needs to be addressed on priority. pulsion of the farmers. Significant financial aid in the form Marketing of the produce is also a major challenge. The gov- of loan waivers and no restrictions over transportation will ernment must ensure that the farmers can sell their produce at immensely benefit farmers. In addition, subsidized supply of the minimum support price announced by government without electricity and water shall benefit the marginalized farmers. any hassle. What Farmers Expect From Government, Industry Agriculture is the basic source of rural prosperity. But small farmers are able to take food grains or veg- etables for sale after fulfilling the needs of their families. They are forced to sell on the rate fixed by the trader. Farmers are forced to migrate due to less cultivation, unpredictable monsoon, stagnation in yield due to lack of proper price and other factors. The fall in demand due to Covid has led to concern in the farming community. For increasing farmer income, models of farming must be developed in each Gram Panchayat. This can be a model of integrated farming over one or two acres. It can include animal husbandry, organic farming, poultry, fish farming. There should be provision for a small unit for value addition so that the farmer can have some income on a daily basis. Farmers can be encouraged to develop projects ranging U C Shukla Rs 10-20 lakh, with grant of 50 to 80 per cent. These model farms should be linked with the industry, State Bureau Chief ATG which should support the farmer by buying and selling their produce. Uttar Pradesh

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 63 Duck Farming A Profitable Source of Livelihood

uck farming is a profitable ventilation and ensuring their safety. In Key benefits of duck farming source of livelihood. The an intensive duck farming system, a Duck farms are considered highly cost- availability of duck breeds floor space of a minimum 3 sq. ft. per efficient as they are comparatively lesser and the convenience in bird is required while in a semi-intensive expensive than raising chicken. Ducks raising them for meat system, a minimum 2-2.5 sq. ft. area per require low-cost and non-elaborative Dand eggs makes poultry farmers focus bird is required for night shelter. housing facilities that save huge housing on backyard duck farming. Starting a costs for farmers. Ducks have a shorter commercial duck farming business also Selection of breed brooding period and ducklings grow depends on the factor that ducks can feed The selection of breed depends on the faster. This offers tangible benefits to on agro-industrial wastes. Further, they can purpose that a farmer wants to rear farmers. Ducks can live on a variety of survive inmarshy areas and in the areas ducks for meat or eggs. Packing duck is low-cost food including copra, cassava, where no agricultural crops can be grown the most popular and best breed in India corn, rice, fruits, etc. They tend to obtain which makes it easy for poultry and other for laying eggs. They are also known as food like green legumes, algae, aquatic farmers to shift to commercial duck farming the most profitable breed for fine quality weeds, fungi, earthworms, maggots, for adding an additional source of income. of meat production. snails and other types of insects. Ducks require less care than any other Farm size Investment bird. They are adaptive to environmental A duck farming business starts with The major factors determining capital conditions and do not require heavy determining the farm size and number investment are land prices, infrastructural efforts on management. One of the major of ducks that can be reared. A fully costs (electricity, water, etc), feeding, benefits of raising ducks is their cycle functional duck house can be made compliances, purchasing ducklings, and of laying eggs either at night or in the with local resources, facilitating proper medicines. morning. This allows the farmer to collect fresh eggs every morning and continue with their other business practices. About the Author Commercial duck farming can be Mr Prasanna Manogaran is the CEO and Co- highly profitable. There is a huge demand Founder of Aqgromalin, an innovative farm for duck eggs and meat in the market due diversification company in India. He is spearheading to their quality of produce. Ducks usually the business operations of the company in Tamil live longer than chickens and have less Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. The mortality rate. This makes duck farming company’s target is 1000 micro-farms by mid-2021 a stable source of income for poultry farmers.

64 AGRICULTURE TODAY July 2021 July 2021 Agri Aspirations

The more you know, the more you grow Combining Agriculture With Cutting Edge Technologies apid emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) based technologies has given us smart agriculture. Smart agriculture is a Rmovement from an intuition-driven approach to a more data-centric, quantitative approach. Across the end to end crop stages - soil preparation, seed planting, crop health/status, irrigation cycles, pest/ ‘Mechanization 2.0’. They include: mechanization technologies insect management, harvesting, packing, 1. ‘Farming-as-a-Service’ (FaaS) In order to usher in farm and transportation, etc, technology is 2. Big Data-based mechanization mechanization, GOI has promoted increasingly being used at each stage technologies Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) in the to aid decision making, enable faster 3. IoT-based mechanization country, where farmers can rent any turnarounds, and drive efficient use of technologies high-end agriculture equipment. GOI has assets. The key challenge that arises is 4. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based also launched the multilingual mobile the integration of modern technologies app ‘CHC-Farm Machinery’ that helps with centuries-old traditional farming farmers rent farm machinery and other practices. assets through a CHC in their area. Using sensors to collect soil data, As technology-centric innovation and then relaying the data to regionally spreads across India, several technology located labs using a communication startups are ushering innovative ideas. network, without spending hours or even For instance, FaaS is an emerging model days physically transporting the sample to where farmers can rent out machinery the lab, can a) have faster decisions taken as per the specific demand of individual b) remove challenges that may arise due farmers or farms. to changes in soil parameters over the Integrated IoT-based technologies time it takes to get the results back. such as drones, GPS, sensors, The use of unmanned aerial vehicles automated hardware, robotics, remote for crop surveillance and tracking farming sensing could provide multiplier benefits equipment (often rented) is already for India’s nascent farm equipment positively informing our current and About the Author rental market, especially as India rapidly future thinking about how India’s farm integrates IoT-based smart agriculture Mr Angira Agrawal is Chief mechanization must move forward. Operating Officer, Skylo into existing farming practices. With the rise in the emphasis and Technologies, an end-to-end With an increasing emphasis on the expanding scope of technology solution that connects machine precision agriculture in India, most integration in the farming equipment and sensor data via satellite. equipment manufacturers will need to sector, four specific ‘Agri-tech’ categories Mr Agrawal has been a senior ensure the integration of IoT sensor applicable to the farm sector have been leader at Vodafone Idea Limited, technologies with mechanized equipment identified, and together these future Tata Communications and Oracle to enhance their effectiveness and derive earlier. technology solutions are being called, a competitive advantage in the market.

July 2021 AGRICULTURE TODAY 65 E ffective ways of storing post-harvest farm produce

gricultural warehousing has transformed itself and efficient inventory management, which will include quality from the godown era to modern and scientific parameters such as testing, grading, and certification services. management of post-harvest agrarian produce. With an increase in adverse climatic events, scientific agri Agricultural warehousing has been growing warehousing can be further fine-tuned based on pilot projects. consistently at a CAGR of 4 percent, which In order to avoid distress sale by farmers, one needs to ensure amountsA to a market of nearly Rs 8500 cr coupled with a end-to-end management of post-harvest produce. Integrated progressive growth rate of over 10-12 percent per year. solutions with the establishment of multi-modal logistic parks The potential growth of agricultural warehousing is and free trade warehousing zones are an excellent booster for estimated to reach Rs 365 billion by 2024, and is regarded as a the industry. highly attractive area of investment. Despte this, Indian farmers The efforts do not just end with a scientific storage system. have incurred mounting post-harvest losses of up to Rs 92,651 Robust logistical connectivity is the path to a mammoth cr per year due to unscientific storage and transport facility. exponential growth of the Indian agri warehousing sector. The The agri warehousing sector needs to catch up with modern logistical arm plays a crucial role in the efficient functioning facilities like the e-commerce, pharma, and manufacturing of supply chain management. This shall be achieved if the sectors. Mechanization of warehousing operations is needed logistical costs are brought down from the current 13-14 to promote spearheaded reforms. percent to 7-8 percent of GDP when compared to developed Scientific storages promote the adoption of modern countries. These efforts shall benefit farmers and consumers facilities in warehousing. While India has boosted its cold alike, and conclusively achieve the goals of the storage infrastructure, it is confined to particular crops only. farm-to-fork concept. A robust innovation system with scientifically built silos, geo- fencing, geo-tagging, real-time monitoring system, RFID’s (Radio Frequency Identification), AI solutions, sensor- About the Author enabled monitoring, cloud technology, and computer-guided Mr Abhijit Verma, Executive Director robots shall ameliorate the fragmented and unorganized agri & CEO at Avigna Group, warehousing sector. spearheads the group’s Temperature-controlled systems and hermetic structures traditional business that incorporate Warehousing Management System (WMS) and also the Avigna shall reduce post-harvest losses and significantly boost farmers’ Industrial & Logistic income, as Mr Ashok Dalwai’s committee foresees to achieve. Park - state-of-the These measures need to be coupled with accelerated planning art Food Terminal Markets and A Grade industrial warehouses across the country. The company has a turnover of more than USD 30 million

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