Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 250/Tuesday, December 31, 2019
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Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory figures As of Sept
Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2014. By Aaron M. U. Church, Associate Editor I 2015 USAF Almanac BOMBER AIRCRAFT flight controls actuate trailing edge surfaces that combine aileron, elevator, and rudder functions. New EHF satcom and high-speed computer upgrade B-1 Lancer recently entered full production. Both are part of the Defensive Management Brief: A long-range bomber capable of penetrating enemy defenses and System-Modernization (DMS-M). Efforts are underway to develop a new VLF delivering the largest weapon load of any aircraft in the inventory. receiver for alternative comms. Weapons integration includes the improved COMMENTARY GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator and JASSM-ER and future weapons The B-1A was initially proposed as replacement for the B-52, and four pro- such as GBU-53 SDB II, GBU-56 Laser JDAM, JDAM-5000, and LRSO. Flex- totypes were developed and tested in 1970s before program cancellation in ible Strike Package mods will feed GPS data to the weapons bays to allow 1977. The program was revived in 1981 as B-1B. The vastly upgraded aircraft weapons to be guided before release, to thwart jamming. It also will move added 74,000 lb of usable payload, improved radar, and reduced radar cross stores management to a new integrated processor. Phase 2 will allow nuclear section, but cut maximum speed to Mach 1.2. The B-1B first saw combat in and conventional weapons to be carried simultaneously to increase flexibility. Iraq during Desert Fox in December 1998. -
Explosive Weapon Effectsweapon Overview Effects
CHARACTERISATION OF EXPLOSIVE WEAPONS EXPLOSIVEEXPLOSIVE WEAPON EFFECTSWEAPON OVERVIEW EFFECTS FINAL REPORT ABOUT THE GICHD AND THE PROJECT The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining (GICHD) is an expert organisation working to reduce the impact of mines, cluster munitions and other explosive hazards, in close partnership with states, the UN and other human security actors. Based at the Maison de la paix in Geneva, the GICHD employs around 55 staff from over 15 countries with unique expertise and knowledge. Our work is made possible by core contributions, project funding and in-kind support from more than 20 governments and organisations. Motivated by its strategic goal to improve human security and equipped with subject expertise in explosive hazards, the GICHD launched a research project to characterise explosive weapons. The GICHD perceives the debate on explosive weapons in populated areas (EWIPA) as an important humanitarian issue. The aim of this research into explosive weapons characteristics and their immediate, destructive effects on humans and structures, is to help inform the ongoing discussions on EWIPA, intended to reduce harm to civilians. The intention of the research is not to discuss the moral, political or legal implications of using explosive weapon systems in populated areas, but to examine their characteristics, effects and use from a technical perspective. The research project started in January 2015 and was guided and advised by a group of 18 international experts dealing with weapons-related research and practitioners who address the implications of explosive weapons in the humanitarian, policy, advocacy and legal fields. This report and its annexes integrate the research efforts of the characterisation of explosive weapons (CEW) project in 2015-2016 and make reference to key information sources in this domain. -
Downloaded April 22, 2006
SIX DECADES OF GUIDED MUNITIONS AND BATTLE NETWORKS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS Barry D. Watts Thinking Center for Strategic Smarter and Budgetary Assessments About Defense www.csbaonline.org Six Decades of Guided Munitions and Battle Networks: Progress and Prospects by Barry D. Watts Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments March 2007 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonprofit, public policy research institute established to make clear the inextricable link between near-term and long- range military planning and defense investment strategies. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundations, corporations, government, and individual grants and contributions. This report is one in a series of CSBA analyses on the emerging military revolution. Previous reports in this series include The Military-Technical Revolution: A Preliminary Assessment (2002), Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge (2003), and The Revolution in War (2004). The first of these, on the military-technical revolution, reproduces the 1992 Pentagon assessment that precipitated the 1990s debate in the United States and abroad over revolutions in military affairs. Many friends and professional colleagues, both within CSBA and outside the Center, have contributed to this report. Those who made the most substantial improvements to the final manuscript are acknowledged below. However, the analysis and findings are solely the responsibility of the author and CSBA. 1667 K Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................. v SUMMARY ............................................................... ix GLOSSARY ………………………………………………………xix I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 Guided Munitions: Origins in the 1940s............. 3 Cold War Developments and Prospects ............ -
NSIAD-95-95 Weapons Acquisition: Precision Guided Munitions
United States General Accounting Offhe -GAO Report to Congressional Committees June 1996 GAO/NSL4D-95-96 .-- _.-- United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-260458 June 23,1995 Congressional Committees The military services are spending billions of dollars to acquire new and improved munitions whose technical sophistication allows guidance corrections during their flight to the target. These weapons are referred to as precision guided munitions (PGM). We reviewed Air Force, Navy, and Army munitions programs in inventory, production, and development that could be defined as using precision guidance to attack surface targets.’ Our objectives were to determine (1) the costs and quantities planned for the PGMS, (2) the services rationale for initiating PGM development programs, (3) options available to the services to attack surface targets with PGMs, and (4) the extent to which the services are jointly developing and procuring PGMS. We conducted this work under our basic legislative responsibilities and plan to use this baseline report in planning future work on Defense-wide issues affecting the acquisition and effectiveness of PGMS. We are addressing the report to you because we believe it will be of interest to your committees. -ll.._-~ PGMS employ various guidance methods to enhance the probability of Background hitting the target. These include target location information from a human designator, global positioning system (GPS) satellites, an inertial navigation system, a terminal seeker on the munition, or a combination of these sources. Since PGMs can correct errors in flight, the services expect to need fewer rounds to achieve the same or higher probabilities of kill as unguided weapons, Additionally, the services expect PGM accuracy and lethality to reduce the number of launch platforms and soldiers required to counter specific targets. -
A Case Study of Evolvability and Excess on the B-52 Stratofortress and F/A-18 Hornet
ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference IDETC 2017 August 6-9, 2017, Cleveland, Ohio IDETC2017-67886 A CASE STUDY OF EVOLVABILITY AND EXCESS ON THE B-52 STRATOFORTRESS AND F/A-18 HORNET Daniel Long Dr. Scott Ferguson1 Graduate Research Assistant Associate Professor North Carolina State University North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA Raleigh, NC, USA [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT operate for 60 years, yet there is speculation that they The moment a system is put into service it begins to lose value ultimately could operate for eighty to one hundred years [2]. as technological and societal changes accrue while the system The total cost of building a replacement unit in 2009 was is frozen in the state it was constructed. System decision estimated at $7 billion per unit excluding transmission [3], makers are faced with the choice of accepting a decline in which was a nontrivial fraction of the then $53.5 billion market performance, updating the design, or retiring the system. Each cap for Duke Energy, the largest utility in the US [4]. time a decision maker faces these alternatives, the value of the A variety of methods for increasing CES lifecycle value available options must be evaluated to determine the preferred have been explored in literature. Design for: adaptability [5], course of action. A design that can adapt to changes with flexibility [6,7], changeability [8,9], and reconfigurability [10] minimal cost should provide more value over a longer period all provide system designers with heuristics and tools to design than a system that is initially less costly, but less adaptable. -
Merle A. Tuve
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES M E R L E A N T O N Y T UVE 1901—1982 A Biographical Memoir by P H ILI P H . AbELSON Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1996 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. MERLE ANTONY TUVE June 27, 1901–May 20, 1982 BY PHILIP H. ABELSON ERLE ANTONY TUVE WAS a leading scientist of his times. MHe joined with Gregory Breit in the first use of pulsed radio waves in the measurement of layers in the ionosphere. Together with Lawrence R. Hafstad and Norman P. Heydenburg he made the first and definitive measurements of the proton-proton force at nuclear distances. During World War II he led in the development of the proximity fuze that stopped the buzz bomb attack on London, played a crucial part in the Battle of the Bulge, and enabled naval ships to ward off Japanese aircraft in the western Pacific. Following World War II he served for twenty years as director of the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Ter- restrial Magnetism, where, in addition to supporting a mul- tifaceted program of research, he personally made impor- tant contributions to experimental seismology, radio astronomy, and optical astronomy. Tuve was a dreamer and an achiever, but he was more than that. He was a man of conscience and ideals. Throughout his life he remained a scientist whose primary motivation was the search for knowledge but a person whose zeal was tempered by a regard for the aspirations of other humans. -
A History of the National Bureau of Standards
WORLD WAR Ii RESEARCH (1941-45) CHAPTER 'TI! ThE EVENT OF WAR" The second worldwide war was foreshadowed in the Japanese in of Ethiopia in 1935, and Hitler's march into the Rhineland in 1936. Isolated and safeguarded by successive Neutrality Acts passed in 1935, 1936, and 1937, which barred the sale of arms or munitions to any warring nation, America watched the piecemeal fall of small nations, Austria and Czechoslovakia to Hitler, Albania to Musso- lini. With the German attack on Poland in September 1939, Britain and France declared war against the dictators and World War II began. The first amendments to the Neutrality Acts were enacted. By temperament strongly neutral and still in the grip of depression, the Nation had willed belief in Chamberlain's "peace in our time" until shaken by the occupation of Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1939. But cer- tain of war and of America's inevitable involvement was the small band of foreign-born scientists, their spokesman Niels Bohr, who had recently arrived in this country. Shepherding atomic research here, Bohn at once urged restriction in all Allied countries of the publication of further data on the possibility of nuclear fission. Many individual scientists refrained, but control of publication in American scientific journals did not become effec. five until almost a year later, following Hitler's invasion of Denmark and Norway. The National Bureau of Standards, convinced by the physicists on its Advisory Committee on Uranium of the certainty of a general war, began to put its affairs in order. On September 1, 1939, the day Germany marched into Poland, and one week before the President declared a state of limited national emergency, Dr. -
In Defense of Freedom-The Early Years
WALTER G. BERL IN DEFENSE OF FREEDOM - THE EARLY YEARS This article describes the events that led to the founding of the Applied Physics Laboratory. It summarizes the development of a novel fuze for rotating antiaircraft ammunition and the organization that achieved it, continues with a discussion of the early stages of the development of a new technology for the delivery of warheads-the guided missile, and concludes with a brief sketch of Merle A. Tuve' s career that led to his involvement with these programs. INTRODUCTION On 11 September 1939, only ten days after the German days from near the city to the Channel coast where they army invaded Poland and World War II began, President could function more effectively) and proximity-fuzed Franklin D. Roosevelt sent the first of many notes to shells were deployed for the first time in the European Winston Churchill in which he proposed that Churchill theater, only one in twenty of the flying bombs succeeded reply with "anything you may want me to know about."! in their mission. In early September, the V-I launching One such message, No. 831, from Churchill to President sites were captured by the advancing Allied forces and Roosevelt, dated 26 November 1944, read: the V-I attacks ceased.2 Halfway around the world, in the Pacific, a similar Cherwell [Churchill's Science Advisor] has told me how very drama was unfolding. In October 1944, strong American kind the US Army and Navy were in showing him their latest developments in many fields .... Perhaps, if you thought it forces appeared in the Leyte Gulf in the Philippines. -
Radio Proximity Fuzes
Radio Proximity Fuzes Residents of the United States born much after 1930 utilizing it in the likely war effort ahead, NBS Director can have little appreciation for what it was like to mobi- Lyman Briggs was placed in charge of a new Advisory lize for total war. In World War II, everyone and every Committee on Uranium to look into this proposal. facet of daily life was affected. All citizens had to learn By 1941 some 90 % of the NBS staff was doing war to live with food and fuel rationing, and no new cars or work. other consumer products made from steel could be The Bureau worked on a great diversity of war purchased. There were blackouts, air raid drills, scrap projects ranging from high technology to evaluating ma- drives, school children buying War Bonds (a 10 cent terials for blackout curtains and blackout masks. A ma- stamp at a time), and, of course, able-bodied men and jor effort carried out with the Navy and the Radiation women taken either into military service or placed in Laboratory at MIT was the development and fielding of critical jobs in industry and elsewhere. Institutions such the Bat, the first combat success with a fully automatic as the National Bureau of Standards were likewise guided missile (really a bomb with wings and a tail totally involved in the war effort. The Bureau found looking rather like a modern Unmanned Aerial Vehicle itself with a number of very important technical assign- or UAV).The story of the Bat has significant technology ments and, for a change, the resources to carry them out in common with the proximity fuze program; namely, In October 1939, after Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard the use of electromagnetic radiation sources on flying urged the President to launch a major research program ordnance and the interpretation and use of the reflected on the possibility of producing nuclear fission and waves to carry out the mission. -
Evolution of Smart Weapons
NIAS/CSS/ISSSP/U/ RR/069/2019 Srikumar Pullat Avinash Pushparaj EVOLUTION OF SMART WEAPONS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES Bengaluru, India EVOLUTION OF SMART WEAPONS Srikumar Pullat Avinash Pushparaj International Strategic and Security Studies Programme NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES Bengaluru © National Institute of Advanced Studies 2019 Published by National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru - 560012 INDIA Tel: +91-80-2218 5000; Fax: +91-80-2218 5028 NIAS Report: NIAS/CSS/ISSSP/U/RR/069/2019 Typeset & Printed by Aditi Enterprises Bengaluru - 560 023 Ph.: 080-2310 7302 E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement iv Executive Summary 1 Evolution of bombs-Ancient, Medieval, 1850’s and beyond 2 Factors affecting Trajectory and Miss distance of a Bomb 3 Methods to improve Accuracy and decrease Miss distance 5 Methods to increase Stand-off Distance 7 Modern Day Glide Bombs 9 Issues involved Deployment of a Weapon system from an aircraft 11 Enabling Technologies 12 Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 13 Survey of Glide Bombs 14 Future of Smart Weapons 14 Appendix 1 Survey of glide bomb 16 Appendix 2 Survey of LGB and GBU’s (non-exhaustive list) 17 About the authors 18 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many thanks are due to members of International Strategic and Security Studies Programme, and Prof. Rajaram Nagappa in particular for his comments which helped in enhancing the quality of the report. The authors also thank Dr Amit Mukherjee and Dr Prakash Panneerselvam, Assistant Professors, ISSSP for their comments. The authors would also like to thank Dr Shailesh Nayak, Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies for his interest and constant encouragement. -
JP 3-09.1 Joint Laser Designation Procedures (JLASER)
JOINT PUB 3-09.1 JOINT LASER DESIGNATION PROCEDURES (JLASER) 1 JUNE 1991 A large body of joint doctrine (and its supporting tactics, techniques, and procedures) has been and is being developed by the US Armed Forces through the combined efforts of the Joint Staff, Services, and combatant commands. The following chart displays an overview of the development process for these publications. MAKING A JOINT PUB ., PROJECT PROPOSAL All joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organized into a comprehensive hierarchy. Joint Pub 3–04 .1 is located in the operations series of joint publications . Joint Pub 1–01, "Joint Publication System, " provides a detailed list of all joint publications. Joint pubs are also available on CD–ROM through the Joint Electronic Library (JEL) . For information, contact : Joint Doctrine Division, J-7, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon Washington, D. C. 20318–7000 . JOINT LASER DESIGNATION PROCEDURES JOINT PUB 3-09.1 PREFACE 1. Purpose. This publication provides joint procedures for employing laser designators with target acquisition systems and laser-guided weapons to enhance the combat effectiveness of joint US forces. 2. Application a. Procedures established in this publication apply to the commanders of combatant commands, joint task forces, and the subordinate components of these commands. These procedures may also apply when significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when significant forces of one Service support forces of another Service, under criteria set forth in this publication. b. In applying the procedures set forth in this publication, care must be taken to distinguish between distinct but related responsibilities in the two channels of authority to forces assigned to combatant commands. -
What Is DRDO's Inertial Guided Bomb and How It Will Boost India's Defence Capability
Wed, 29 May 2019 What is DRDO’s inertial guided bomb and how it will boost India’s defence capability India Friday successfully test fired an indigenously-made 500-kg class “inertial guided bomb” from a Sukhoi jet at the Pokhran test range in Rajasthan. The test has been pegged as a major achievement for the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as the guided bomb achieved the desired range and also hit its target with precision. “All the mission objectives have been met. The weapon system is capable of carrying different warheads,” a statement from the Ministry of Defence said. Sources in the defence establishment said that the inertial guided bomb marks an upgrade from the existing laser-guided weapon delivery capability, which has certain limitations, such as range of delivery from the target and susceptibility to environmental conditions. “It is also a testament to DRDO’s capability to develop miniaturised inertial navigation systems that can function under tough conditions,” a source told The Print. The Print explains the upgrade in weapon technology and its implications for the country’s defence capability. What is this bomb? This 500-kg class precision bomb is guided to its target through the inertial guidance system, which allows precision targeting from long distances even under adverse visibility conditions. According to Britannica, the inertial guidance system is an electronic system that continuously monitors the position, velocity and acceleration of a vehicle, usually a submarine, missile, or aeroplane, and provides navigational data or control without the need for communicating with a base station. When an inertial navigation system is installed in a bomb, the system can help navigate the bomb to its designated target by continuously providing updated navigation inputs.