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TDMA and CDMA in Mobile Communications Arun a Bhatji

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TDMA and CDMA in Mobile Communications Arun a Bhatji Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 TDMA and CDMA in Mobile Communications Arun A Bhatji Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ENGINEERING TDMA AND CDMA IN MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS. By ARUN A BHATJI. A Thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2004. The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Arun A. Bhatji defended on April 13, 2004. Bruce Harvey Professor Directing Thesis Krishna Arora. Committee Member Simon Foo. Committee Member Approved: Reginald J. Perry, Chair, Electrical and Computer Engineering. The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii Dedicated to my Parents. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my major professor, Dr. Bruce Harvey for his guidance, advice and constant support throughout my thesis work. I would like to thank him for being my advisor here at Florida State University. I would like to thank Dr. Krishna Arora for her guidance and valuable suggestions. I also wish to thank Dr. Simon Foo for his advice and support. I would like to thank my mother, sister and relatives for their constant encouragement. I would like to convey my utmost gratitude towards my mentor Naresh Shenoy for all his guidance and help in every walk of life. I wish to thank the administrative staff of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department for their kind support. Finally, I would like to thank my friends here at Florida State University. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................ viii List of Acronyms ................................................................................................ ix Abstract ...................................................................................................... xii 1. Introduction… ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Multiple Access Procedures ................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access..................................... 1 1.1.1.1 Advantages of Frequency Division Multiple Access....... 2 1.1.1.2 Disadvantages of Frequency Division Multiple Access .. 3 1.1.2 Time Division Multiple Access ............................................. 3 1.1.2.1 Advantages of Time Division Multiple Access............... 5 1.1.2.2 Disadvantages of Time Division Multiple Access........... 5 1.1.3 Code Division Multiple Access ............................................. 5 1.1.3.1 Advantages of Code Division Multiple Access............... 6 1.1.3.2 Disadvantages of Code Division Multiple Access........... 7 2. Evolution of TDMA and CDMA .................................................................... 8 2.1 First Generation..................................................................................... 8 2.2 Second Generation................................................................................ 8 2.2.1 Evolution of GSM.................................................................. 8 2.2.1.1 High Speed Circuit Switched Data ................................ 8 2.2.1.2 General Packet Radio Service........................................ 9 2.2.2.3 Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution....................... 9 2.2.2 Evolution of CDMA............................................................... 9 3. Differences between GSM and IS-95 ............................................................. 11 3.1 Specifications ........................................................................................ 13 3.2 OSI Reference Model............................................................................ 14 3.2.1 OSI Reference Model for GSM................................................... 15 3.2.1.1 Physical Layer................................................................ 15 3.2.1.2 Data Link Layer ............................................................. 15 3.2.1.3 Network Layer ............................................................... 16 3.2.1.4 Transport Layer.............................................................. 17 3.2.1.5 Session Layer ................................................................. 17 v 3.2.1.6 Presentation Layer.......................................................... 17 3.2.1.7 Application Layer .......................................................... 17 3.2.2 OSI Reference Model for IS-95 ................................................... 18 3.2.2.1 Physical Layer................................................................ 18 3.2.2.2 Data Link Layer ............................................................. 19 3.2.2.3 Network Layer ............................................................... 19 3.2.2.4 Upper Layers.................................................................. 20 3.3 Authentication....................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 Authentication in GSM................................................................ 20 3.3.2 Authentication in IS-95................................................................ 21 3.4 Handover/ Handoff ............................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Handover Procedure in GSM....................................................... 22 3.4.1.1 Intracell Handover ........................................................... 23 3.4.1.2 Intercell Handover............................................................ 25 3.4.1.3 Inter BSC Handover......................................................... 26 3.4.1.4 Inter MSC Handover........................................................ 27 3.4.2 Handover Procedure in IS-95...................................................... 28 3.5 Network comparison and Service Selection ......................................... 32 4. Future of GSM and IS-95 in Mobile Communications................................... 33 4.1 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .................................... 34 4.2 3 Generation Partnership Project 2 .............................................. 38 4.2.1 Physical Layer........................................................................ 39 4.2.2 Link Layer.............................................................................. 40 4.2.2.1 Link Access Control Sublayer ............................................... 40 4.2.2.2 Medium Access Control Sublayer ......................................... 41 4.2.2.3 Upper Layers.......................................................................... 41 4.3 Future Advances ................................................................................... 42 4.3.1 Compatibility ......................................................................... 43 4.3.2 AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) ......... 44 4.3.3 Continuity and Transfer ......................................................... 44 5. Interoperability between TDMA and CDMA................................................. 45 6. Conclusion and Scope for Future Study ......................................................... 49 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 50 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................. 53 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Frequency Division Multiple Access .................................................. 2 Figure 2: Time Division Multiple Access ........................................................... 3 Figure 3: Combined FDMA/TDMA ................................................................... 4 Figure 4: Code Division Multiple Access ........................................................... 6 Figure 5: Evolution of TDMA and CDMA ........................................................ 10 Figure 6: The hexagonal pattern of a BTS with three sectors. ............................. 12 Figure 7: Cellular Hierarchy................................................................................. 13 Figure 8: OSI Reference Model............................................................................ 14 Figure 9: RAKE Receiver Correlator................................................................... 18 Figure 10: Authentication in GSM....................................................................... 21 Figure 11: Intracell Handover ............................................................................. 24 Figure 12: Intercell Handover ............................................................................. 25 Figure 13: Inter BSC Handover .......................................................................... 27 Figure 14: Mobile Assisted Soft-Handoff in IS-95.............................................. 29 Figure 15: Soft Handoff with Primary Base Station Relinquishing Control ....... 30 Figure 16: Dual System Protocol Stack............................................................... 35 Figure 17: Simplified 3GPP Logical Architecture............................................... 36 Figure 18: Streamlined and Evolved 3G Logical Architecture............................ 37 Figure 19: OSI
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