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Chapter Xviii
CHAPTER XVIII MOBILE TRAIN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS - GSM-R 18.0 GSM-R : 18.1 Introduction: Mobile Train Radio communication is a digital wireless network based on GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communication-Railway) designed on EIRENE (European Integrated Railway Radio Enhanced Network) Functional requirement specification (FRS) and System Requirement specification ( SRS) The Basic features of GSM-R are Point to Point call Allows user to make a distinct call. Voice Broadcast call Allows groups of user to receive common information. Voice Group call Allows groups of user to make calls within /among the groups. Emergency call Allows user to call controller by short code or button during emergency. Functional addressing Allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number, which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminal. Location dependent addressing Provides the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controller e.g. relative to the geographic area. eMLPP (enhanced Multi-Level Allows resource preemption for priority calls Precedence and Preemption) Fig.1 illustrates the system architecture. In this architecture a mobile station (MS) communicate with a base station subsystem (BSS) through the radio interface. The BSS is connected to the network switching subsystem (NSS) using the A interface. Fig.-1 Interface Interfaces Description Um Radio link between MS and BTS- Air interface Abis Between BTS and BSC, PCM 2 Mb ps Ater Between BSC and TCU, PCM 2 Mb ps A Between TCU and MSC, PCM 2 Mb ps B Between MSC and VLR, C Between MSC and HLR D Between HLR and VLR E Between two MSCs 18.1.1 The system consists of following sub systems : a) Mobile Station (MS) b) Base Station Sub system (BSS) c) Network and switching sub system (NSS) d) Operating sub system (OSS) e) Dispatcher f) Cab Radio g) Power Supply Arrangement 18.2 Radio interface and frequency used in GSM-R : The Radio link uses both FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division multiple Access) . -
16 Aug 2007 Open Mobile Alliance OMA-RD IM-V1 0-20070816-C
Instant Messaging Requirements Candidate Version 1.0 – 16 Aug 2007 Open Mobile Alliance OMA-RD_IM-V1_0-20070816-C 2007 Open Mobile Alliance Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Used with the permission of the Open Mobile Alliance Ltd. under the terms as stated in this document. [OMA-Template-ReqDoc-20050506-I] OMA-RD_IM-V1_0-20070816-C Page 2 (57) Use of this document is subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Use Agreement located at http://www.openmobilealliance.org/UseAgreement.html. Unless this document is clearly designated as an approved specification, this document is a work in process, is not an approved Open Mobile Alliance™ specification, and is subject to revision or removal without notice. You may use this document or any part of the document for internal or educational purposes only, provided you do not modify, edit or take out of context the information in this document in any manner. Information contained in this document may be used, at your sole risk, for any purposes. You may not use this document in any other manner without the prior written permission of the Open Mobile Alliance. The Open Mobile Alliance authorizes you to copy this document, provided that you retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the original materials on any copies of the materials and that you comply strictly with these terms. This copyright permission does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services. The Open Mobile Alliance assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document. Each Open Mobile Alliance member has agreed to use reasonable endeavors to inform the Open Mobile Alliance in a timely manner of Essential IPR as it becomes aware that the Essential IPR is related to the prepared or published specification. -
Location Update Procedure
Location Update Procedure In order to make a mobile terminated call, The GSM network should know the location of the MS (Mobile Station), despite of its movement. For this purpose the MS periodically reports its location to the network using the Location Update procedure. Location Area (LA) A GSM network is divided into cells. A group of cells is considered a location area. A mobile phone in motion keeps the network informed about changes in the location area. If the mobile moves from a cell in one location area to a cell in another location area, the mobile phone should perform a location area update to inform the network about the exact location of the mobile phone. The Location Update procedure is performed: When the MS has been switched off and wants to become active, or When it is active but not involved in a call, and it moves from one location area to another, or After a regular time interval. Location registration takes place when a mobile station is turned on. This is also known as IMSI Attach because as soon as the mobile station is switched on it informs the Visitor Location Register (VLR) that it is now back in service and is able to receive calls. As a result of a successful registration, the network sends the mobile station two numbers that are stored in the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card of the mobile station. These two numbers are:- 1. Location Area Identity (LAI) 2. Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI). The network, via the control channels of the air interface, sends the LAI. -
Mee10:71 Location-Aware Decision Algorithm for Handover Across
MEE10:71 LOCATION-AWARE DECISION ALGORITHM FOR HANDOVER ACROSS HETEROGENOUS WIRELESS NETWORK. BY STANLEY O.OKOYE This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering with Emphasis on Telecommunication. Department of Telecommunication Blekinge Institute of Technology Karlskrona, Sweden August 2010 DEDICATION: To my wife Gloria Okoye ,and my child Kamsi Okoye for their love, patience while doing this work; to my brothers Stephen E. Okoye and Augustine I. Okoye for their wonderful support and encouragement. ii ABSTRACT Vertical handover is the processes that switch a mobile node from one technology to another in order to maintain a communication in a network. Heterogeneous Networks are two Networks whose entities support different technologies. Because of the benefits brought about by 3G networks such UMTS, it is increasingly desirable to integrate 3G networks with WLAN. WLAN is a low coverage, high speed network compared to 3G networks. Consequently, WLAN is used to extend 3G networks at certain locations in order to provide improved services and address QoS issues. To achieve a beneficial vertical handover in a network, an algorithm that departs from the conventional RF based algorithm is necessary. An attempt is made in this study to provide such algorithm which aims to utilize location information stored in a WLAN coverage database, and the location service entities of UTRAN as defined by 3GPP to determine a valuable/beneficial vertical handover between UMTS and WLAN. RF based conventional downward vertical handovers can be inefficient and wastes resources. This study aims to correct the lapses associated with conventional RF based vertical handover across heterogeneous network. -
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Functional Description; Stage 2 (3GPP TS 23.140 Version 5.4.0 Release 5)
ETSI TS 123 140 V5.4.0 (2002-09) Technical Specification Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Functional description; Stage 2 (3GPP TS 23.140 version 5.4.0 Release 5) R GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 3GPP TS 23.140 version 5.4.0 Release 5 1 ETSI TS 123 140 V5.4.0 (2002-09) Reference RTS/TSGT-0223140v540 Keywords GSM, UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. -
Security for the Core Network of Third Generation Mobile Systems
Security for the core network of third generation mobile systems GUNTER HORN, DIRK KROSELBERG Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, D-81730 Muenchen, Germany STEFANPUTZ T-Mobil, P.O. Box 300463, D-53184 Bonn, Germany ROLAND SCHMITZ T-Nova Technology Centre, D-64307 Darmstadt, Germany Keywords: UMTS, MAP Security, Multimedia domain, SIP, IPSec, IKE, Key Management Abstract: This contribution gives a survey of the present standardisation activities by 3GPP (3'd Generation Partnership Project1) in the area of security for signalling in the core network of third generation mobile systems. We give an overview of the protocols that need to be secured, present the basic principles behind the overall security architecture and describe the key management and format of secured messages, as far as they have already been finalised. In particular, we address core network security aspects of the 3GPP multimedia domain. 1 3GPP was formed by regional standards organisations from Europe, Asia and North America to produce specifications for a third generation mobile system named UMTS which is designed to evolve from GSM core network. There is a competing effort known as 3GPP2 with partners from North America and Asia. The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. This has been corrected. The Erratum to this chapter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35413-2_36 R. Steinmetz et al. (eds.), Communications and Multimedia Security Issues of the New Century © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2001 298 1. THREATS TO CORE NETWORK SECURITY FOR MOBILE RADIO NETWORKS The core network of mobile radio systems is the part of the network which is independent of the radio interface technology of the mobile terminal. -
Cellular Technology.Pdf
Cellular Technologies Mobile Device Investigations Program Technical Operations Division - DFB DHS - FLETC Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning 1. Cellular Technology enables mobile communication because they use of a complex two-way radio system between the mobile unit and the wireless network. 2. It uses radio frequencies (radio channels) over and over again throughout a market with minimal interference, to serve a large number of simultaneous conversations. 3. This concept is the central tenet to cellular design and is called frequency reuse. Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning 1. Repeatedly reusing radio frequencies over a geographical area. 2. Most frequency reuse plans are produced in groups of seven cells. Basic Network Design Note: Common frequencies are never contiguous 7 7 The U.S. Border Patrol uses a similar scheme with Mobile Radio Frequencies along the Southern border. By alternating frequencies between sectors, all USBP offices can communicate on just two frequencies Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning 1. There are numerous seven cell frequency reuse groups in each cellular carriers Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Rural Service Areas (RSA). 2. Higher traffic cells will receive more radio channels according to customer usage or subscriber density. Basic Network Design Frequency Reuse and Planning A frequency reuse plan is defined as how radio frequency (RF) engineers subdivide and assign the FCC allocated radio spectrum throughout the carriers market. Basic Network Design How Frequency Reuse Systems Work In concept frequency reuse maximizes coverage area and simultaneous conversation handling Cellular communication is made possible by the transmission of RF. This is achieved by the use of a powerful antenna broadcasting the signals. -
Location Update and Paging in Wireless Networks — Location Management Plays the Central Role in Providing Ubiquitous Communica
Location Update and Paging in Wireless Networks Paging • Paging is the one-to-one communication between the mobile and the base station • Paging is a procedure the network uses to find out a subscriber's location before actual call establishment. • Paging is used to alert the mobile station of an incoming call — Location management plays the central role in providing ubiquitous communications services in the future wireless mobile networks. Location update and paging are commonly used in tracking mobile users on the move, location update is to update a mobile user’s current location while the paging is used to locate a mobile user, both will incur signaling traffic in the wireless networks. The more frequent the location updates, the less paging in locating a mobile user, thus there is a tradeoff in terms of signaling cost There are two basic operations for tracking a mobile user: location update and terminal paging. Location update is the process for the mobile terminals to report their locations to the network, thus all mobiles are actively sending location update messages to keep the network informed. Terminal paging is the process for the network to search the called terminal by sending polling signals to cells close to the last reported location of the called terminal. When an incoming calls to a mobile user (we will use mobile user and mobile terminal interchangeably) arrives, the wireless network simply routes the call to the last reported location of the mobile terminal. Intuitively, the location accuracy depends on the location update frequency, the more often the location updates, the more accurate the location information. -
Openbts Application Suite User Manual
OpenBTS Application Suite Release 4.0 User Manual Revision date: April 15, 2014 Copyright 2011-2014 Range Networks, Inc. This document is distributed and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. Contents 1 General Information 7 1.1 Scope and Audience.........................................8 1.2 License and Copyright........................................8 1.3 Disclaimers..............................................8 1.4 Source Code Availability....................................... 10 1.5 Abbreviations............................................ 11 1.6 References.............................................. 12 1.7 Contact Information & Support................................... 13 2 Introduction to OpenBTS Application Suite 14 2.1 Key Programs............................................ 15 2.2 Network Organization........................................ 16 3 Getting to Know Your OpenBTS System 19 3.1 Accessing the System........................................ 19 3.2 Starting and Stopping Applications................................. 20 3.3 OpenBTS Command Line Interface (CLI)............................. 20 3.4 Using the OpenRANUI....................................... 24 3.5 Databases.............................................. 25 3.6 Folder Structure........................................... 25 3.7 Logging............................................... 26 4 OpenBTS Data Tables and Structures 27 4.1 Manipulating OpenBTS Databases................................. 27 4.2 The Configuration Table..................................... -
Introduction to GSM
PART 3 Introduction to GSM Lecture 3.0 History Giuseppe Bianchi History of wireless communication Î 1896: Marconi Ö first demonstration of wireless telegraphy Ö tx of radio waves to a ship at sea 29 km away Ö long wave transmission, high power req. (200 kW and +) Î 1901: Marconi Ö Telegraph across the atlantic ocean Ö Close to 3000 Km hop! Î 1907 Commercial transatlantic connections Ö huge ground stations (30 by100m antennas) Î 1915: Wireless telephony established Ö NY – S. Francisco Ö Virginia and Paris Î 1920 Marconi: Ö Discovery of short waves (< 100m) Ö reflection at the ionosphere Ö (cheaper) smaller sender and receiver, possible due to the invention of the vacuum tube (1906, Lee DeForest and Robert von Lieben) Giuseppe Bianchi 1 History of wireless communication Î 1920's: Radio broadcasting became popular Î 1928: many TV broadcast trials Î 1930's: TV broadcasting deployment Î 1946: First public mobile telephone service in US Ö St. Louis, Missouri Ö Single cell system Î 1960's: Bell Labs developed cellular concept Ö brought mobile telephony to masses Î 1960’s: Communications satellites launched Î Late 1970's: technology advances enable affordable cellular telephony Ö entering the modern cellular era Î 1974-1978: First field Trial for Cellular System Ö AMPS, Chicago Giuseppe Bianchi 1st generation mobile systems early deployment ÎFirst system: Ö NMT-450 (Nordic Mobile Telephone) ÆScandinavian standard; adopted in most of Europe Æ450 MHZ band ÆFirst european system (Sweden, october 1981) Î Italian history: Ö 1966: first experiments -
SCCP Signalling Aspects for Roaming Version 3.2.1 10 October 2005
GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document IR.22 - SCCP Signalling Aspects for Roaming SCCP Signalling Aspects for Roaming Version 3.2.1 10 October 2005 This is a Non-binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA Security Classification: Non-confidential Access to and distribution of this document is restricted to the persons permitted by the security classification. This document is confidential to the Association and is subject to copyright protection. This document is to be used only for the purposes for which it has been supplied and information contained in it must not be disclosed or in any other way made available, in whole or in part, to persons other than those permitted under the security classification without the prior written approval of the Association. Copyright Notice Copyright © 2015 GSM Association Disclaimer The GSM Association (“Association”) makes no representation, warranty or undertaking (express or implied) with respect to and does not accept any responsibility for, and hereby disclaims liability for the accuracy or completeness or timeliness of the information contained in this document. The information contained in this document may be subject to change without prior notice. Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association’s antitrust compliance policy. V3.2.1 Page 1 of 11 GSM Association Non-confidential Official Document IR.22 - SCCP Signalling Aspects for Roaming Table of Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Scope 3 1.2 Abbreviations 3 2 Numbering Plan Indicator of Global Title 3 3 SCCP Requirement for a Node in the International ISDN 4 4 Process for the Establishment of PLMN Signalling Relationships 5 4.1 Message Routing 6 4.2 Establishment Process 6 5. -
UMTS); Network Architecture (3GPP TS 23.002 Version 4.8.0 Release 4)
ETSI TS 123 002 V4.8.0 (2003-06) Technical Specification Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Network architecture (3GPP TS 23.002 version 4.8.0 Release 4) R GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS 3GPP TS 23.002 version 4.8.0 Release 4 1 ETSI TS 123 002 V4.8.0 (2003-06) Reference RTS/TSGS-0223002v480 Keywords GSM, UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: [email protected] Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.