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Performance of a 10-Kilowatt Rotary Converter

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Performance of a 10-Kilowatt Rotary Converter STEWART Performance of a Ten Kilowatt Rotary i ^ Converter t!$m,u Electrical Engineering , 4* 4? •r. " B. S. 1901 a- VKiVEKSITY OF XI. J. UHRARJ I I * JL X * * ' *- * * ^ ^ mim i # ft- f #. ^ =£ 4- . -i * * ^ 4.- --f. * * 4 * * 4 * ,f * * i * * * * i + ^ /F T * W * v p * '# # S# £ £ * # 4 # * * # * * * * * * F # # # $ ^ ^ ^ ^ Ji ^ JL ^ - - - - 0«<J 0*0 Bsq ^ • if* ii^fl^ i/^IN! q^S«^Sb8 0000000 ; ^ ! learning anb |?abor. LIBRARY QF THE IP mm ji ^, Jt f University of Illinois. 4. Jl CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME. IT".' IP . 4 Accession No.Q.D.J St 4\ | * ^ ^* ^ F 'f . # : # * * * ^ ^i^'' a j: x, iHilir ************ * * * * *- # * * t , * * * * # :# 4" ^ * - * # * ^ * * * ^ ^ , # ^ ft 4 # , # * # # 4 # 1 f # - Www f Hi 4 # '§ ft # IT " w 1 1 /// v # if + * 1 * £ * # • - II * 4 . f * * * § 4* * * * 4 I >** ~ ^ ^ W * * * 4 n ft I I ^ ' VF ^ ^ in ~ w # IT . #11 1 1 # # # * * lip lllillt^ # f # ^ # # # # * # * p * # 1 # # 1 Ml fJj jit § # m 4 PERFORMANCE OF A 10-KILOYIATT ROTA.RY CONVERTS. BY MILES VINCENT STEWART TRESIS FOR THE 0E8REE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE I ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESENTED JUNE, 1901 no! St 4-1 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS May 51, 1901 x BO THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Myles Vincent Stewart ENTITLED PerforuiHTiCG of a Ten Kilowatt Synchronous Converter.. 1- APPROVED BY ME As FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/performanceof10k00stew . - preface. a | j The rota*y converter is a very important machine in a 'lie? ^voing current distribution to-day. My object in this thesis was tp ; co£p]pp-- rate by laboratory experiments, some of the laws govern:' ay the working of this type of inachine. The "fest inghouse polyphftse rotary was used, bein,*, taken as a general type of modern construction in this line. The different uses to which this machine may be applied were tak- en up in the best manner possible, under the circumstances, and consid- erable care was taken in working out the results. The number of in- struments required and the lack of thr - ^-phase power from the Univers- ity plant rendered it necessary to limit the investigation almost en- tirely to single-phase working. The work was done alone in general, except lag in those cases where the lines of investigation were taken up by the' class in the regular laboratory exercises. In the course of the investigation it was found that: (1) The heating of this machine was abnormal for full load and over (c) The no-displacement curve on the excitation base was very nearly a straight line. (S) This rotary was slightly over-compounded for about half load. (4) The true efficiency did not 3xceed 75. per cent.,for single- phase working, as a direct rotary. (5) Hunting was, apparently; not entirely done away with by the copper damping shoes^or grids., under the pole-tips. (6) This rotary could not be started from the slip-rings on ac- count of the low resistance of the copper grids. June 1901. Miles Vincent Stewart. o Department of Electrical Engineering. University of Illinois. Syllabus of Lectures. ROTARY (SYNCHRONOUS )CONVERTERS. 1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYNCHRONOUS CONVERTER. 1. - On the conversion and the transformation of electrical energy. 2. - Derivation of synchronous converter from direct-current generator. "A converter is a rotary device transforming electric energy from one form to another without passing it through the inter- mediary form of mechanical energy." A.I.E.E. Rep. Com. on Stan- dardization. 3. - Historical development; early and late types of machines. II. THE'CclY AND PRINCIPLES. 1. - General principles underlying action of machine as converter. 2. - Relation of synchronous converter, A.C. and D.C. features, to: (a) Electric generator; (b) Electric motor. Armature inductance and reactions; as motor, as generator. III. CLASSIEICATION. 1. - General: Synchronous commutating machines, Tjhich .comprise: ( asynchronous (rotary ) converters, A.O. to D.C, or vice versa. ( b ) Couble-current generators, producing both A.C. and B*Gf. (c) Phise converters, A.C. to A.G.,same frequency, different .phase, (d frequency converters, A.C. of one frequency to A.C. of an- other frequency , with or w ithout change o/Aphase. j 2. - Subdivision: As to excitation: (a)self -excited; (b )sepi:rately ex- cited. As to kinds of field windings: (a)Shunt-wound; (b)com- pound wound. IV. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN. 1. - Al lowances, constants, coefficients, general and special. 2. - Electric and magnetic circuit of machines; winding diagrams. 3. - Mechanical and structural details and accessories. V. CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES. 1- Electrical details: windings; connect ions A.C. end, single and poly- phase circuits; relations of phase; number of poles;.insula.tion. 2. - Magnetic considerations:lamination of armature cores and poles. 3. - Mechanical and structural details and accessories. 4. - Limit3tions upon frequency and voltage im. osed by construction. 5. - Description of machines in commercial use. VI. INSPECTION. See schedule 0.2, of the Manual. VII. OPERATION OP MACHINES. See A. C. Schedule 220.(1,2 and A). 1. - Startin5:as C.C. motor; as A. 0. induct ion motor*? independent motor. 2. - Functional, working rreversability of machine; direct , inverted. 3. - Best operating conditions; unity power factor. 4. - ?aulty working and remedies: "pumping", hunting. 5. - Faulty working due to speed variation of engine driving the gene- rator. <?.- Influence of frequency upon operation. 7. - Regulation control . of output direct -current voltage: (a Compounding; (b)induction regulator; (c)A.C. series of re- actance. IX. PERFORMANCE AND TESTING. 1. - Principles, methods; errors,. precautions, precisions cjr measurments. Effect of variables on performance; voltage, frequency, excitation, character and amount of load, wave form, etc. 3. - Voltage regulations and ratios, theoretical and actual, A. 0. and D.C. 4. - Phase relations and characteristics, influence cf excitation. 5. - Efficinecy of, and losses cf machine in various kinds of service, c.- Magnetic determinations, leakage, distribution and magnetization. ?. - Armature resistance rocicup.noo , inductance and reactions. 8. - Output influenced by heating and number of chases, various combin- ations. 9. - Special studies of machine., in various relations and services'. X. APPLICATIONS. - Elictric Lighting and Railway Service. Syllabus of Lectures. Rotary Converters. (xvi) . TABLE OP CONTENTS, Page List of Experiments .. .. / Index of curves 3 Index of tables...! Index of diagrams S Index of {hotographa ...........6 Extension of Dewey Decimal System „„...,.. 7 • Biblj bgraphy . , , , fO Chapter I -Development of the Rotary Converter. irt .1. Rectifier type. ......// 1st. 3. Induct or ium / / Art. 3. Mot CP-Generator .// Art. 4. Dynamotor // Art. 5. Rotary Converter // Art. 6. Rotary Converter vs. Motor generator /?* Art. 7. Rotary Converter in Street railway Work£...,/^ Art. 8. Mot o e -Cenara t or for Lighting /3 Chapter II-Theory of the Rotary Converter. Art s. 9510. Discussion of Alternating Current JU/*f Art .11. Discussion of Rotary. 1'" 15~ Art . Inverted Rotary. Ar t . 13. Direct Rotary / f Art. 14. Self -starting of Rotaries is Art . 15. Machine in hand l(o Art . 16. Voltage ratio I (o Art. 17. Table of Voltages and Capacities Art .13. Power -factor regulation /7 Chapter Ill-Classification. Art . 19. Classification }Q Art. 550. Machine in hand /8 Art. 21. Inverted Rotary . IB Chapter IV-Elemenbs of Design Art 22, Compared to direct -current generator Page .' tort . 23. ftrmat are react ions L . 1 .1 /3 Art. 34. Tables of outputs and Voltages )3 Art. 25. Size of machine fixed Zl Art. 26. Maximum allowable output 2' Art. 27. Frequency £ / Art.°3. Voltage. Z t Art. 29. Variation of voltage for accumulators 2./ Art. 30. Poles 2* / Art. 31. Peripheral speed ^ ' Art .32. Armature windings. Art ,33.8.M.F.per slot and slots.. 2.*. Art. 34. Heating U. 2.2. Art. 35. Self -induct ion in armaturel 2.2* 2. Art .38. Density of magnetic flux. .1 .1 .1 . ... 2x lr£.S7»Iieakage V, L. 2.3 Art. 3S. Values of 3 2. 3 Art. 33. Breadth of Machine .* 2?> Chapter V. electrical and yechanical Data. Art. 40. yechanieal data z4 Art. 41. Electrical data zb Chapter VI. Description. Art. 42. Standard frequencies : 2 7 Art. 43. Voltages and phases 2.7 Art . 44 . Mach i ne i a hand Z 7 Art . 45. Starting devices Z 7 Art. 48. Self-starting. .1 . .. Art. 47. Exciters for inverted rotarias 2. r Art. 48. Inverted rotaries £7 Art. 49. Use of inverted notaries.... £.7 Art. 50. Speed of direct ritaryU 2.8 Art. 51. Speed of inverted rotary...... 2-8 Art. 52. Speed regulation of inverted rotaries £8 Art. 53. Parallel-running for inverted rotaries L. &9 Art . 54. Transformers in transmission........ 2.3 Art. 55. Six-phase system £9 Art. 56. Par dialing of direct 3-v;ire rotaries 3° Art. 57. Pressure regulation 3 O Art.58.Eftf eat on feeding pressure. 3 Art. 59. Adaptations of regulators 3^ Art. 60. Hunting 3 1 Chapter VII. Performance. Pag Art. 61. As direct-current generator 3^ Art. 62. As alternating current generator 3 £ Art. 63. Internal character 1st ios 3 2. Art . 64. Double-current generator...! 33 Art . 85. Short -circuit characteristic 3 3 Art. 6o. As direct-current motor 3 3 Art. 67. As single-phas.3 rotary converter 33 Art. 68. As inverted rotary 33 Art. 69. As single-phase synchronous notor. ... 3^ Art. 70. No load characteristics 3^ Art. 71. Mo load regulation 3*7 Curves ^jy Tables 2>5 Diagrams 6 £s Photographs 6Q LIST OF EXPERIMENTS PBRltSMEB. Experiment l.Direc'o -current generator. For regulation characterises. Experiment 2. Alternating-current generator.
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