At RFEIRL INC. DAILY BROADCAST \cm \\NAIRkŠIV\ BROADCAST ARCHIVE ANALYSES RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO.. 72 summary of the news coverage by the Russian- Ł language programming appears at the. end of. the DBA.) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 72 for Friday, 25 March 1977 J. Vale A.Ł SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: 1. Human Rights were a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, M 3) which excerpted Die Zeit on the portion.of Brezhnev’s ’speech to the Soviet trade union congress criticizing Carter’s human rights policy. The paper noted that Moscow has intensi- fied its support of national .liberation movements as a result of Western criticism of Soviet human rights violations. The Washington Star cited Carter’s remark about Americans who be- .)come uneasy whenever Brezhnev sneezes, noting that if Carter is hoping for evolution in the Soviet Union in the direction of civil and political rights, he will have toŁwait a long - time judging by Brezhnev’s remarks; The persecution of Jews in the Soviet.Union was discussed in ŁLONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30), whieh excerpted two letters ’which were. received’ by telephone from,Moscaw and printed in -The Times (London). The letters discussed the Izvestia article levelling accusations against Jews, and the persecution and re- pression which Jews have recently been subjected to. An article ,by Bernard Levin was cited, discussing the release of Shtern and Ł the simultaneous arrest of Shcharansky, noting that the apparent ’discrepancy in Soviet policy,is due to the attempt of the Soviet ,authorities to deal both with opinion abroad and to retain their image of strength and authority at home. Avitalia Shcharanskaya’s request to the newly formed UN Committee on Human Rights to intercede ’on behalf of her husband was the .-subject of UN REPORT No.51-77 (Bykovsky, NY 4:30), which excerpted her letter to Waldheim. It was noted that the formation of this ’committee was in accordance with provisions of the international covenant on, civil and political rights which recently went into ,effect in the countries whose governments signed this UN document. INTERVIEW’(Krassovsky and Shtern, M 5) dealt with the release of Dr. Mikhail Shtern from prison, reaching the conclusion that not socialist humanism but rather the intervention of tens of thousands of simple people and scores of organizations was .re7 sponsible for the release. 2 JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No.206 (Roitman, Zuckerman, Yakhot and Gordin, M and NY 29) featured a discussion on the American organization The United Jewish Appeal, the reasons, two Soviet Jews emigrated to Israel, the contents of letters written from Israel to the Soviet Union, a seminar on future Jewish communities in the FRG, and a prayer -song by Shlomo Karlebach. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS NO. 129,6 (Burstein, M 2$:30) featured material on the formation of a CSCE monitoring group in Lithu- ania, the arrest of Jonas Matulonis and Vladas Lapiempis for distributing religious literature in Lithuania, a protest letter from Crimean-Tatar historian Aisha Satmuratova to the Soviet Procurator General Rudenko, and a "complaint" by Larissa Bogoraz on behalf of her husband Anatoly Marchenko. Memorandum No I published by the Ukrainian chapter of the Soviet CSCE monitoring group, and Albrecht’s How-to Conduct Yourself During a Search continued to be read.. .soym. pipT.s No.693 , (Rudolf, NY 4:30) reminisced about a trip taken by the author with Bukovsky to visit Tolstoy’s daughter, who called Bukovsky a "representative of the new Russia." Solzhenitsyn’s letter to Patriarch Pimen was read in SPECIAL FEATURE (Solzhenitsyn, M 12:30). 2. Vance’s Trip to Moscow was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, M 4) which cited The Chicago Tribune, noting that although Moscow is irritated by Carter’s pronouncements on human rights violations in the Soviet Union, Vance is nonetheless being re- ceived. Le Monde.pointed out that although the Soviet Union has protested so-called American "interference in Soviet in- ternal affairs," it is still prepared to conduct a dialogue with the United States. Nobel economics prize laureate.Leon- tiev commented ,in an article in The New York Times on the problem of arms limitations which will be discussed by Vance in Moscow. He pointed out that a mere quantitative limitation of arms already in existence does not solve the basic problems involved, because the money saved will not be .used to solve the economic and social problems of the country involved, but rather will be used to develop new types of weapons. 3. The American Press on Brezhnev and Carter was reviewed in NEW YORK REPORT No.180-77 (Gendler, NY 5). An article in Ł The New York Times by James Reston was cited on Brezhnev’s criticism of American human rights policy. "Reston applauded Carter’s emphasis on the positive aspects of Brezhnev’s speech dealing with disarmament. The Washington Post noted the ty- pical Soviet tactic of placing the blame on the other side in advance for any postible break in negotiations; in this case, Vance’s negotiations in Moscow; The Christian Science Monitor called’ for mutual criticism and the peaceful exchange of ideas to let the people of all countries decide for themselves which society has the greatest shortcomings. 4. Brezhnev’s Assistant Rusakov Got the Job Previously Held by Katushev, ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6:30) reported. In the wake of the appointment of Katushev as the Soviet repre- sentative to Comecon, it was announced that Rusakov was appointed as chief of an unidentified department of the CPSU CC. The script opined that circumstantial evidence supports the assumption that this is the Department of Liaison with the Communist and Workers’ Parties of the Socialist Countries which was previously super vised by Katushev. It was further speculated that Rusakov will be nominated as successor to Katushev in his position as CPSU CC secretary. Rusakov’s career was examined and his political .interests and attitudes analyzed. RL research paper RL 69/77’ -was used. Ł 5. The Poetry of Andrei Tarkovskv was -read and analyzed in A POET ON POETRY No.136 (Betaki, P 10). 6. The Works of Vasilv Shukshin were analyzed in LITERATURE OF MORAL RESISTANCE No.43 (Svirsky, NY 16). B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS: 1110 1. The Yugoslav Conception of National Defense was discussed Ł in EAST EUROPEAN CHRONICLE No. 169 (Pusta, M 13) which featured excerpts from the Yugoslav press on the determination of the Yugoslav Army to repel any aggressor regardless of the cost. The articles noted that Yugoslavia has been subject to attempts "from without" to change the country’s status as an independent socialist society and that for the attainment of this goal, the use of military intervention is conceivable. The program ex- plained that the pro-Soviet Cominformists were the objects of reference. It was added that Yugoslavia is uneasy over the continuing presence of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia and of Soviet naval forces in the Mediterranean. -4-. 2. American-Vietnamese Relations were discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 179-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), pegged to the recent announce- ment by Carter that the American-Vietnamese Paris negotiations on the normalization of relations would be renewed. Reference was made to the recently ended visit of the special presidential commission to Vietnam headed by Leonard Woodcock. 3. Pavel Kohout’s Interview given to the Prague correspondent of the German TV network ARD was featured in NOTE (Mirsky, M Kohout discussed the spirit of Helsinki,.pointing out that from Czechoslovakia the voice of Charter 77 is the same as the voice of Helsinki. It is the voice of people who, al- though they. might have different opinions or political’ beliefs, are trying to relate to one another with respect for one another’s ’views and expect the same from others. He emphasized that man, has the right to live in a humane environment. .Polish Samizdat Documents dealing with the increase in ex- 411 penditures on the Polish security apparatus and the role of the io Polish militia in subduing the’ June food riots’ were discussed in EAST EUROPEAN NOTES No, 14 (Vardi, M 7:30). 5. The Economic Situation in China was the topic of an article in Newsweek by Harvard Professor Dwight Perkins, and was featured in FROM EVERYDAY LIFE No.56 (Glasenapp, M 5). C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS-:. 1. India. NOTE (Rahr, M 6) discussed the situation in India after the elections, noting that a new Prime Minister, Morarji Desai, has been sworn in and is beginning to form his government. It was pointed out that Ram has declined to participate in the government, but promised his full support. Thus, the ruling party. may command Only half the votes in the parliament. 2. The Demilitarization of the Indian Ocean, a recent Carter pro- posal,was noted to be on the agenda of Vance’s Moscow discussions, NEW YORK REPORT No.181-77 (Davydov, NY 5) pointed out. It was ob- served that the Soviet Union has significantly increased the . activities of its navy in this region, particularly in connection with Somalia. 3. The Twentieth Anniversary of the EEC was noted in BRUSSELS REPORT (Ryser, B 5), pegged to a meeting of the Council of Europe. The success in the sphere of trade within the EEC was noted, while observing that the unification of currencies and political unifi- cation have been postponed until more propitious times. Reference was made to the decision to hold direct elections to the European Parliament in the spring of 1978. - 5 - 4. Carter’s Report to Congress on International Broadcasting’ was a topic of PRESS REVIEW .(Mirsky, M 4).