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At RFEIRL INC. DAILY BROADCAST \cm \\NAIRkŠIV\ BROADCAST ARCHIVE ANALYSES RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO.. 72

summary of the news coverage by the Russian- Ł language programming appears at the. end of. the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 72 for Friday, 25 March 1977 J. Vale

A.Ł SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Human Rights were a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, M 3) which excerpted Die Zeit on the portion.of Brezhnev’s ’speech to the Soviet trade union congress criticizing Carter’s human rights policy. The paper noted that Moscow has intensi- fied its support of national .liberation movements as a result of Western criticism of Soviet human rights violations. The Washington Star cited Carter’s remark about Americans who be- .)come uneasy whenever Brezhnev sneezes, noting that if Carter is hoping for evolution in the Soviet Union in the direction of civil and political rights, he will have toŁwait a long - time judging by Brezhnev’s remarks;

The persecution of Jews in the Soviet.Union was discussed in ŁLONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30), whieh excerpted two letters ’which were. received’ by telephone from,Moscaw and printed in -The Times (London). The letters discussed the Izvestia article levelling accusations against Jews, and the persecution and repression which Jews have recently been subjected to. An article ,by Bernard Levin was cited, discussing the release of Shtern and Ł the simultaneous arrest of Shcharansky, noting that the apparent ’discrepancy in Soviet policy,is due to the attempt of the Soviet ,authorities to deal both with opinion abroad and to retain their image of strength and authority at home.

Avitalia Shcharanskaya’s request to the newly formed UN Committee on Human Rights to intercede ’on behalf of her husband was the .-subject of UN REPORT No.51-77 (Bykovsky, NY 4:30), which excerpted her letter to Waldheim. It was noted that the formation of this ’committee was in accordance with provisions of the international covenant on, civil and political rights which recently went into ,effect in the countries whose governments signed this UN document.

INTERVIEW’(Krassovsky and Shtern, M 5) dealt with the release of Dr. Mikhail Shtern from prison, reaching the conclusion that not socialist humanism but rather the intervention of tens of thousands of simple people and scores of organizations was .re7 sponsible for the release. 2

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No.206 (Roitman, Zuckerman, Yakhot and Gordin, M and NY 29) featured a discussion on the American organization The United Jewish Appeal, the reasons, two Soviet Jews emigrated to Israel, the contents of letters written from Israel to the Soviet Union, a seminar on future Jewish communities in the FRG, and a prayer -song by Shlomo Karlebach.

LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS NO. 129,6 (Burstein, M 2$:30) featured material on the formation of a CSCE monitoring group in Lithu- ania, the arrest of Jonas Matulonis and Vladas Lapiempis for distributing religious literature in Lithuania, a protest letter from Crimean-Tatar historian Aisha Satmuratova to the Soviet Procurator General Rudenko, and a "complaint" by Larissa Bogoraz on behalf of her husband Anatoly Marchenko. Memorandum No I published by the Ukrainian chapter of the Soviet CSCE monitoring group, and Albrecht’s How-to Conduct Yourself During a Search continued to be read.. .soym. pipT.s No.693 , (Rudolf, NY 4:30) reminisced about a trip taken by the author with Bukovsky to visit Tolstoy’s daughter, who called Bukovsky a "representative of the new Russia."

Solzhenitsyn’s letter to Patriarch Pimen was read in SPECIAL FEATURE (Solzhenitsyn, M 12:30).

2. Vance’s Trip to Moscow was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, M 4) which cited The Chicago Tribune, noting that although Moscow is irritated by Carter’s pronouncements on human rights violations in the Soviet Union, Vance is nonetheless being received. Le Monde.pointed out that although the Soviet Union has protested so-called American "interference in Soviet internal affairs," it is still prepared to conduct a dialogue with the United States. Nobel economics prize laureate.Leon- tiev commented ,in an article in The New York Times on the problem of arms limitations which will be discussed by Vance in Moscow. He pointed out that a mere quantitative limitation of arms already in existence does not solve the basic problems involved, because the money saved will not be .used to solve the economic and social problems of the country involved, but rather will be used to develop new types of weapons. 3. The American Press on Brezhnev and Carter was reviewed in NEW YORK REPORT No.180-77 (Gendler, NY 5). An article in Ł The New York Times by James Reston was cited on Brezhnev’s criticism of American human rights policy. "Reston applauded Carter’s emphasis on the positive aspects of Brezhnev’s speech dealing with disarmament. The Washington Post noted the ty- pical Soviet tactic of placing the blame on the other side in advance for any postible break in negotiations; in this case, Vance’s negotiations in Moscow; The Christian Science Monitor called’ for mutual criticism and the peaceful exchange of ideas to let the people of all countries decide for themselves which society has the greatest shortcomings.

4. Brezhnev’s Assistant Rusakov Got the Job Previously Held by Katushev, ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6:30) reported. In the wake of the appointment of Katushev as the Soviet representative to Comecon, it was announced that Rusakov was appointed as chief of an unidentified department of the CPSU CC. The script opined that circumstantial evidence supports the assumption that this is the Department of Liaison with the Communist and Workers’ Parties of the Socialist Countries which was previously super vised by Katushev. It was further speculated that Rusakov will be nominated as successor to Katushev in his position as CPSU CC secretary. Rusakov’s career was examined and his political .interests and attitudes analyzed. RL research paper RL 69/77’ -was used. Ł

5. The Poetry of Andrei Tarkovskv was -read and analyzed in A POET ON POETRY No.136 (Betaki, P 10).

6. The Works of Vasilv Shukshin were analyzed in LITERATURE OF MORAL RESISTANCE No.43 (Svirsky, NY 16).

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1110 1. The Yugoslav Conception of National Defense was discussed Ł in EAST EUROPEAN CHRONICLE No. 169 (Pusta, M 13) which featured excerpts from the Yugoslav press on the determination of the Yugoslav Army to repel any aggressor regardless of the cost. The articles noted that Yugoslavia has been subject to attempts "from without" to change the country’s status as an independent socialist society and that for the attainment of this goal, the use of military intervention is conceivable. The program explained that the pro-Soviet Cominformists were the objects of reference. It was added that Yugoslavia is uneasy over the continuing presence of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia and of Soviet naval forces in the Mediterranean. -4-.

2. American-Vietnamese Relations were discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 179-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), pegged to the recent announcement by Carter that the American-Vietnamese Paris negotiations on the normalization of relations would be renewed. Reference was made to the recently ended visit of the special presidential commission to Vietnam headed by Leonard Woodcock.

3. Pavel Kohout’s Interview given to the Prague correspondent of the German TV network ARD was featured in NOTE (Mirsky, M Kohout discussed the spirit of Helsinki,.pointing out that from Czechoslovakia the voice of Charter 77 is the same as the voice of Helsinki. It is the voice of people who, although they. might have different opinions or political’ beliefs, are trying to relate to one another with respect for one another’s ’views and expect the same from others. He emphasized that man, has the right to live in a humane environment. .

.Polish Samizdat Documents dealing with the increase in ex- 411 penditures on the Polish security apparatus and the role of the io Polish militia in subduing the’ June food riots’ were discussed in EAST EUROPEAN NOTES No, 14 (Vardi, M 7:30).

5. The Economic Situation in China was the topic of an article in Newsweek by Harvard Professor Dwight Perkins, and was featured in FROM EVERYDAY LIFE No.56 (Glasenapp, M 5).

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS-:.

1. India. NOTE (Rahr, M 6) discussed the situation in India after the elections, noting that a new Prime Minister, Morarji Desai, has been sworn in and is beginning to form his government. It was pointed out that Ram has declined to participate in the government, but promised his full support. Thus, the ruling party. may command Only half the votes in the parliament.

2. The Demilitarization of the Indian Ocean, a recent Carter proposal,was noted to be on the agenda of Vance’s Moscow discussions, NEW YORK REPORT No.181-77 (Davydov, NY 5) pointed out. It was observed that the Soviet Union has significantly increased the . activities of its navy in this region, particularly in connection with Somalia.

3. The Twentieth Anniversary of the EEC was noted in BRUSSELS REPORT (Ryser, B 5), pegged to a meeting of the Council of Europe. The success in the sphere of trade within the EEC was noted, while observing that the unification of currencies and political unification have been postponed until more propitious times. Reference was made to the decision to hold direct elections to the European Parliament in the spring of 1978. - 5 -

4. Carter’s Report to Congress on International Broadcasting’ was a topic of PRESS REVIEW .(Mirsky, M 4). The Christian Science Monitor greeted the ’president’s suggestion to equip the VOA and RFE/RL with new transmitters, pointing out that ,recently the increased quantity of short-wave broadcasts has worsened the over-all reception of these stations’ programs in the Soviet Union. The NeW’York Times noted that if these stations are provided with the transmitters it will increase the power of transmission of RFE/RL by 100 per cent and that of VOA by 25 per cent. Die Welt dismissed the popularity of these .stations in the Soviet Union. France Soir noted that Carter, in suggesting that Congress provide the stations with new transmitters, is not afraid of eliciting new sneezing fits from ’Brezhnev.

5. Carter’s Press Conference was excerpted in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 146-77 and No. 146-862 (Orshansky, W 16) featuring Carter’s statements on Vance’s trip to Moscow, strategic arms limitation talks with the Soviet Union, mutual force reductions In Europe, the renewal of the Middle East conference in Geneva, and Brezhnev’s remarks on Carter’s human rights stance made during Brezhnev’s speech at the Soviet trade union congress.

.6. The Politicization of the French Peasantry was discussed in FRENCH AGRICULTURE No. 7 (Muravin, 14_9) which focused on the Ł role of the professional organizations called "syndicates" which protected the peasants from attempts to sacrifice their interests in favor of those of the bourgeoisie or proletariat and from bureaucratic government measures.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Philosophic Reforms of Protestantism proposed by the . Danish philosopher and writer.Soren-ierkegaard were the subject of PHILOSOPHY OF OUR TIMES.No. 20 (Piatigorsky, L 13:30):

.2. The Magic Word - ’Thank You." KUZNETSOV’S TALK No.173 .(KuznetsoV, L 13:30) discussed a Russian short story by Valentin Oseev entitled The Magic Word which turns out to -be "thank you." :The program reminisced about the author’s experiences in the West, ’where he found much warmth and politeness. which was symbolized ’by the frequent use of "thank you," even on official signs di- recting the public.

PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, Mirsky and Predtechevsky, M 11) consisted,of p; 1 (Predtechevsky, M 3), A 2 (Rahr, M-4) and C 4 (Mirsky, M 4).

gk/RW 1 RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 73

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- . language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 73

for Saturday and Sunday, 26 and 27 March 1977

Roy Delon

CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND Mission 1. US -Soviet Relations and Secretary Vance’s Moscow L. Predte- were discussed on ROUND TABLE (O. Krassovsky, G. Rahr, moderator *chevsky, and S. Mirsky, M 20) of March Ł26. The program’s connected invited the panelists to consider the broader questions respect with these relations and President Carter’s position on although one for human and civil rights. It was observed that forthcoming has no idea, of course, what concrete results may be for from Vance’s mission, one can identify certain subjects of further negotiation. One of the main points is the prevention growth of weapons of mass destruction,

trade Brezhnev’s speech of March 21 at the 16th Congress of tendencies: unions was analyzed in terms of two conflicting of human the rejection of the criticism of the implementation of the rights in the USSR, on the one hand, and a recognition the importance of detente, disarmament, US -Soviet trade, and settling constructive role which the two super-powers can ilay in the Middle East conflict on the other.

report The program noted Carter’s timing of his Congressional broad- and recommendations on the US-supported international and casting stations, RFE/RL and VOA, serving Eastern Europe Vance’s the USSR, which was released literally on the eve of departure for the Moscow negotiations.

the issue of question of a linkage between SALT talks and The policies human rights, as reflected in the US administration’s other topical and Brezhnevl s statements,was discussed along with March 26. world issues on WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Chuguev, L 3) of 2. HELSINKI AND HUMAN RIGHTS No. 60 (R. Dudin, NY 9) of March 27 was a brief account of V. Bukovsky’s stay in the US focusing on his appearance before the US Commission on Security and Co- operation in Europe., his Florida trip, and his White House visit where he was received in -President Carter’s office.

3. -TOPIC. OF DISCUSSION No.37- (M: Gordini. et al, M 29) of March 27 recapitulated highlights of the past week’s programs of special interest to listeners, which they might have missed, by citing excerpts from ECONOMISTS ON THE SOVIET ECONOMY, EAST EUROPEAN TESTIMONY, MISCELLANEOUS THEMES, RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION, and CULTURE, EVENTS, AND PEOPLE.

4. A Talk with General P. Grigorenko’s Son, Andrey was featured on GUEST THIS WEEK No. .22 (V. Rudolf, NY 18:30) of March 27. The guest talked about his life, his father, his own participation in the Soviet democratic movement, and the defense of human rights in the USSR.

Ł 5. Samizdat. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1297 (Burshtein, M 27:30) of March 27 reviewed the following documentary evidence of violations of religious freedom and human rights in the USSR: an announcement issued by the Moscow and Lithuanian groups monitoring ’ Soviet compliance with the CSCE Final Act; the concluding section of Memorandum No. 1 by the Ukrainian defense group; and an excerpt from V. Albrekht’s How To Conduct Oneself During a Search (samizdat documents Nos. AS-2841, 2840, and 2767).

6. The Fate of the Heroes of the February Revolution was discussed in FIFTY YEARS AGO THIS WEEK No. 133 (Yu. Gendler, NY 13:30) of March 27. The program observed the anniversary of the 1917 revolution, which reached its culminating point on March 27 with the declaration of the Provisional Government/Oh renouncing imperialist war aims. In this connection, the progeW excerpted pertinent sections from The Last Days of the Romanovs written by a chairman of the oblast Soviet, Bykov, and published by the Sverdlovsk publishing house "Uralkniga."

The February Revolution of 1917, Part 6, was recalled on RETURNING TO HISTORY No. 6 (V. Lavrov, NY 28:30) of March 26 by recounting the dramatic moments in mid-March when the question of who will rule Russia and the future of the nationalities were being discussed before the convening of the Constituent Assembly. The latter institution was to have been the highest. national authority and a forum for public discussion. 7. Dissidents: The Case of Mikhail Shtern was reviewed on SPECIAL PROGRAM (0. Krassovsky, M 20) of March 26 by recounting Ł the struggle for his release undertaken by his sons Avgust and Viktor and the role of the international world opinion. The program included an interview granted the author by V. Shtern.

Ł An article the National Review about V. Bukovsky was reviewed on PANORAMA (A. Davydov, NY 5) of March 26.

Excerpts from an announcement made by Yu. Orlov and P. Grigorenko were transmitted on PANORAMA (N. Gorchakov and Fedoseev, M 9) of March 26. The program defined the role played by these two leaders of the human rights movement in the USSR.

8. " The 60th Anniversary of the Sino-.Soviet Military Cooperation," Part 1 and its far-reaching implications after World War Two were viewed within the context of the present conflict. That the present bad state of relations weighs heavily on the Soviet Union’s foreign policy, as well -as on its defense and economy was noted on SIGNAL No. 414 (L. Predtechevsky, M 9) of March 27.

.9. The Municipal Services Workers’ Day: March 20. RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (L. Predtechevsky, M6) of March 26 noted the manner in which the new holiday was introduced, the speech by Minister ŁButusov, the new award "Merited Worker of Housing and Municipal Service," and an article by Milchakov published in Trud which reveals the intolerable working conditions in Moscow and its environs. The program contrasted these with working conditions and incentives in Poland and Yugoslavia.

10. The Trade Unions’ Role as Transmission Belts, helping the CPSU control the workers and not as defenders of workers’ interests and rights, was described on RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belotserkoysky, M 6) of March 26. The program was pegged to the 16th Congress of the Trade Unions addressed by Brezhnev on March 21. His speech and the’speeches of other leaders again placed the main stress on trade unions’ obligations to the CPSU and the state. An analysis of Brezhnev’s speech showed contradictions in terms, like democracy within the Soviet trade unions, which in fact are nothing more than puppets on a string held by the CPSU leadership.

11. Self-Determination for Soviet Nationalities was the subject of RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belotserkovsky, Me) of March 26, a program which consisted of a reading of the abbre- viated text of a statement issued by the political prisoners of Vladimir Prison to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, dated 10 August 1976. The text dealt with the imperative of holding a country-wide referendum concerning the question of national self-determination of the peoples of the USSR. The document has recently become available in the West. -4-

12. HUMAN RIGHTS No.173 (V. Fedoseev and L. Roitman, M 30) of March 26 dealt with international covenants on human rights which were ratified by 35 countries, including the Soviet Union, and went into force’ -on 23 March 1976. The program analyzed the work of UN Human Rights Commission which prepared the covenants and informed listeners about the most important provisions of those documents.

13. The First Ten Issues of the Russian Journal "Kontinent" (Paris), Part 1 were reviewed on CULTURE, EVENTS, AND PEOPLE ( A. Uladilin, M 6) of March 26. The author noted Pravda’s 110 evaluation of the quarterly journal and described its format and contents and its limited editorial staff stressing that its ,existence is made possible in part by its circulation in ten other languages. The program named some of its contributors, among whom are M. Djilas, Cardinal Mindszenty, and George Meany.

14. Moscow Keeps Silent About Heinrich Boell after he defended A.Solzhenitsyn and other champions of human rights said CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68 (Khenkin, M 2) of March 26.

15. ECONOMISTS ABOUT THE SOVIET ECONOMY No. 118 (J. Chianurov, M 9) of March 26 gave an opportunity to former Soviet citizen Viktor Yakhot, a senior scientific associate of the Weizmann Institute of Science inl.Rehovot, Israel, to recall his meetings in -Yakutsk with non-contract independent workers whose labor is an important source of manpower utilized by the local authorities to develop some of the inaccessible regions of this area. Ł 16. Demography. The views of US and French demographers and those of A. Solzhenitsyn expressed in his Letter to the Soviet Leaders were presented on THE SITUATION OF SOCIETY IN TOTALI- TARIAN COUNTRIES (Agursky, M 9) of March 26, which dealt with the demographic situation in the light of the Soviet census of 1970.

17. V. Belotserkovsky’s "Letter to the Future Leaders of the USSR" was read on SPECIAL PROGRAM (v. Belotserkovsky, M27:30) of March 26. 5

B.’ CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Charter-77 Members Meet French Journalists. PANORAMA (F. Salkazanova, P 5) of March.26 described the substance of the interview granted in Prague to French correspondents of Elle by signers of Charter 77.

2; A Yugoslav Situationer was transmitted on PANORAMA (V. Nuryev, L 5) of March 26 on the basis of an article published in The Times (London).

3. EAST ’EUROPEAN JOURNAL No. 1 (S. Vardy, M 20) of March 27 inaugurated a cycle of weekly programs aimed at reviewing events in the GDR, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia which took place during the past week.

1, 4. "Atomic Arms and the Atomic Policy of China ,"Part Shilyaev was the sub-title of PEKING 7-iND ITS POLICY No.412 (E. with and Yu. Kozlovsky, NY 9) of March 26. The program dealt the the Chinese nuclear power industry and the development of out means of delivering atomic bombs. The discussion pointed

that, in comparison with the US and the USSR, the Chinese . are’laggihg ih this’ ’

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:, on by 1. Carter’s Press Conference on March 24 was commented from WORLD THIS WEEK (Orshansky, W 4) of March 26, in a report our Washington Correspondent which included voice clips.

-title 2. "Labor Unions and the US Defense Forces" was the sub M 2:30) of of MISCELLANEOUS THEMES No. 181 (L. Predtechevsky, March 26, which dealt with the interaction between these two interest groups in ’the US and in other democratic societies.

Countries 3. The Right to Refuse Military Service in Various

was explained on MISCELLANEOUS THEMES No.182 (L. Predtechevsky, M 6:30) of March 26. The program centered on the legal provisions for refusal, describing alternate forms of socially this tight. useful services open to persons availing themselves of

Report 4. US Foreign Policy. An article in US News and World NY 5) of March 26 was the subject of PANORAMA (V. Mishcherin, Fromm of March 26. The program summarized the article by J. entitled "World Wonders and Worries About US Foreign Policy." 5. "Roots" sold more than one million copies within the first few weeks after its appearance according to CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68 ’’(14itvinoff, P 2) of March 26.

6. Prime Minister Callaghan Remains in Office reported an RL. London correspondent, who also reviewed British politics on WORLD THIS WEEK (1. Chuguev, L2) of March 26.

7. Paris Has a New. Mayor and former Premier Chirac has a new title according to WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Ryser, P 2:30) of March 26.

8. The Indian National Elections were described as a.momentous event in the life of the country, and the losses sustained by the Congress Party were analyzed in WORLD THIS WEEK (G. Rahr, M:2:30) of March 26.

9. "UN This Week." WORLD THIS WEEK (G. Bykovsky, NY 2) of March 26 reported on the opening of the Security Council de- bates on South Africa requested by 48 African countries. The talks centered on the means whereby the black majority can achieve state rule. The African delegates called for an economic blockade of South Africa.

10. Events in Ethiopia and Zaire were discussed on WORLD THIS WEEK (G. Rahr, M 2) of March 26, and the extremely complicated configurations of political forces in two countries were assessed.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Sergei Lifar, a Dancer and ŁChoreographer of Russian Descent, Is Honored by Cit’of_Paris Award CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFO No. 68 (B. Litvinov, P 2) of March 26 reported.

2. Chekhov’s Plays are a sensation on Broadway, in Manchester and Paris CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.28 (B. Litvinov, P 2:30) of March 26 noted.

3. Krzysztof Penderecki’s music was performed in the US CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68 (B. Litvinov, P 2) of March 26 said.

4. New Books by Arthur Koestler and Patrick White handHemingway’s Book Made into a Film were reviewed on CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68 (B. Litvinov, P 5:30) of March 26.

CINEMA IN NEW YORK No.39 (G. Gabai, Y 4:30) of March 26 favorably reviewed a film based on Hemingway’s novel. 4

5. A Cubist Exhibition in Paris and a Festival of African Art in Lagos were covered on CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68, (B. Litvinov, P 3) of March 26.

6. Alfred Hitchcock’s 54th Film was reviewed on CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68 (B. Litvinov, P 1) of March 26.

2, 7. The Film "The Tatar Desert" was given an award on March CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.68 (B. Litvinov, P 1) of March 26 reported.

LIFE 8. Rubens’ Year 1977 was noted on CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL No.68 (B. Litvinov, P 1) of March 26.

9. The Dangers of the "Genetic Revolution" were outlined on examin- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (E. Muslin, M 13:30) of March 26 by ing the effects on flora and fauna of genetic experiments.

4, 10. The Mystery of Evil, St. Ephrem Sirin’s Prayer, Part the and a Talk With a Visitor About Father Dimitri Dudko were of topics of MAN IN TODAY°S VIEW No.14 (A. Shmeman, NY 8:30) 26; ’March 27; SUNDAY TALK No.1040 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) of March L 9:30) and RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD No.273 (M. Bourdeaux, of March 26.

gk/ SL 7 8 - NEWS COVERAGE stories in their newscasts of :All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these March 26: arrived in Moscow for arms Ł U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance talks. having trouble filling India’s new prime minister was four posts in his cabinet. attempt in Thailand. Ł There has been an .abartive coup between the Common Market Romania has called for closer ties and the rest of Europe. , to take a joint stand in The EEC summit ended with agreement dealings with the developing world. to renew the mandate of Arab League officials are meeting peaceLeeping forces in Lebanon. Turkey on Aegean Sea talks between Greece and. Scheduled been postponed. territorial rights have reportedly

- but without its opposition Pakistan’s new parliament has met members:. to embattled Shaba Province. Zaire has cancelled a press trip is in Zambia. Soviet ]President Nikolai Podgorny has ended a visit to Poland. Special Vatican envoy Luigi Poggi permission to .emigrate to Israel. Mikhail Shtern has been given

I. NEWS COVERAGE of All RFE EDs and R1/NS carriedrthese’stOries in their newscasts March 27:

Two Jumbo jets.have collided on the.ground in what is apparently aviation’s worst disaster.

Carter’s spokesman has suggested the U.S. wouldn’t. President to modify its stand on human rights even if that were necessary get a new arms accord. rights Soviet President Nikolai Podgorny has attacked’human advocates in the West. Poland.. A movement to defend human rdghts has been launched in is in Czechoslovak President and party leader Gustav Husak Poland. Leonid Brezhnev’s Israel has cciuented on Soviet party. leader recent Mideast proposals.

Jagjivan Ram will be India’s Defense Winister. Premier Zulfikar Ali Bhutto has again appealed to Pakistani seats. *opposition politicians to take up their parliamentar military The leade/s-of an abortive coup in Thailand are under detention. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS- NO. 74

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No.’ 74 for Monday, 28 March 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Vance’s Trip to Moscow was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Predte- chevsky, Vardi and Bensi, M 5:30). The Washington Post praised Carter’s course on the eve of Vance’s departure for Moscow, and .discussed his proposals for the conclusion of a new strategic arms limitation agreement. The New York Times cautioned that without an arms limitation agreement there is the danger of a spiraling of the arms race. The Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq itemized the themes that Vance would be discussing in Moscow including: arms limitation, the demilitarization of the Indian Ocean, the mutual reduction of forces in Europe, the’ Soviet role in Africa, and a peace settlement in the Middle East. Van- quardia- noted that any arms settlement reached would have to include a compromise formula protecting the interests of both sides. The paper went on to discuss "vertical" as opposed to "horizontal" disarmament. The Guardian emphasized that disarmament is just as important as the defense of human rights, and expressed the hope that Carters statements on human rights would not interfere with disarmament negotiations.

The military aspects of Vance’s negotiations in Moscow were the subject of ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6:30). The principal topics of discussion were reviewed as follows: the ccnclusion of a new SALT agreement on the basis of the outline drawn up at Vladivistok, the classification of American cruise missiles and Soviet"Backfire"bombers, the limitation of arms sales and the creation of a demilitarized zone in the Indian Ocean. -2-

2. The Close of the 16th Soviet Trade Union Congress was reported in NOTE M 5:30) which analyzed the Soviet press on the results of the congress. It was pointed out that very little having to do with the defense of basic workers’ rights was dealt with. The Soviet articles focused on means to increase productivity, i.e. how to strengthen the exploitation of the workers cadres, rather than onl ways of raising their living standards.

3. The Soviet Naval Strategy in the Waters Around Africa was discussed in MILITARY DETENTE No. 50 (Predtechevsky, M 13:30), which excerpted Gorshkor’s book The Naval Might of the Government. on the importance of the fleet even in times, of peace, in the capacity of a "weighty" argument in quarrels with other countries. Brezhnev was cited that detente does not include a cessation of the class struggle and the support afforded to national liberation movements. Ł 4. The Arms Race in Space. ON DIFFERENT THEMES No. 183 (Predtechevsky, M 6:30) discussed the Soviet development of killer satellites which present a threat to the American satellite intelligence gathering system, using an article from Aviation Week and Space Technology.

. 5. A REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PRESS No. 27 (Shaiovich, M:13:30) featured a review published in BussYcava Mvi3j,..of,..,the Soviet yearly edition of memorbble musical dates and events; a discussion with Russian emigre singer and composer Jean Tatlyan; and a note about a medal awarded in France in honor of the famous Russian dancer and choreographer Sergei Lifar.’

, 6. Sefections from Alain Besanson’s Book "Two Model of Soviet Politics," dealing with the possible return to "mil tory communism" in the Soviet Union, were read in RADIOSEMINtR No.400 (Koryakov, NY 13:30). Ł

7. Avtorkhanov’s "The Riddle of Stalin’s Death" began to be read in FROWTHE OTHER SHE No.635 (KUnta, 19130).

8. Naum Korzhavin’s Latest Poetry was featured in NAUM KOREHAWN TALKS No. 9 (Korzhavin, NY 9:30).

9. Yuri Annenikov, artist, characaturiet, writer, Art critic, was the subject of reminiscences in MEETINdiNo.96 (BakhrOch. P10). L 10. Vvsotskv’s "Song About an Echo" was featured in THEY SING No.516 (Mitina, M 4:30). B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The Development of the Human Rights Movement in Poland was the subject of NOTE (Bensi, M 4), which was pegged to a press conference for foreign journalists held by human rights activists in Poland. Leszek Moczulski, a historian and journalist, discussed the formation of .a new organization called the "Movement in Defense of Human and Civil Rights." The Movement’s program was outlined as follows: to gather information on human rights violations in Poland and bring them to the attention of the Polish authorities, to help the victims of such violations, to demand the change of Polish laws which contradict the provisions of the General Declaration of Human Rights which was drawn up by the UN in 1948, to cooperate with all international organizations Which deal with human rights’ problems and to call upon all European governments to sign the international pacts on civil and political rights supported by the UN.

2. American -Vietnamese Relations were the topic of NEW YORK REPORT No. 182-77 (Shilaev, NY 5) which focused on the prospective questions to be discussed in the Paris negotiations on the normalization of relations between the two countries. It was noted that Vietnam is interested in the lifting of the trade embargo and in economic help from the United States. The US continues .to insist on more information on the fate of the American soldiers missing in action and unaccounted for.

3. The Theatrical Works of Vaclav Havel were the subject of EAST EUROPEAN WITNESS No. 41 (Gorbanevskaya, P 13:30), which noted that one of Havel’s principal themes is the automation of the individual. Reference was made to his plays Holiday in the Park, Vernissage, and Audience, including short selections from these works.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Human Rights were discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Bensi and Rahr, M 4). The Frankfurter Rundschau analyzed the "new style" conducted by Carter in the field of foreign relations. The paper pointed out that Carter wants the authority of the United States, not only to be based on military and economic might, but on the country’s courageous readiness to defend human rights. The Muenchner Merkur discussed the upcoming Belgrade CSCE follow-up conference, and emphasized thtt Western countries must insist on the obligation of all countries to respect human rights. If these governments were to do otherwise, their prestige would be destroyed in the international arena. 4 -

2. The Opening of the Fourth Session of the Diplomatic Con- ference on the Affirmation and Development of International and Humanitarian Laws in effect. during periods of armed conflicts was noted in GENEVA REPORT. (Mickelson, G 4). It -was pointed out that the work of the conference will be divided between four committees. The first will update the Geneva conventions of 1949; the second will discuss measures in defense of. the wounded .as well as problems connected with civil defense; ’the third will discuss the protection of the civilian population from the consequences of military activity; and the last will focus on the possible outlawing of certain kinds of Weapons which cause unnecessary suffering;

3. NATO’s Decision to Adopt an Airborne Early Warning System was discussed in NOTE (Predtechevsky, M 5). NATO already has an early warning system, consisting of -a chain of ground station from Turkey to Norway. However, the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact are not only increasing the quality and quantity of their ground forces, but also of their airforces. The airborne early warning system was noted to be more effective than the existing system. The Soviet Union was observed to have an analogous airborne early warning system.

4. The Clashes Between the West German Young Socialists and the Social -Democratic Party were discussed in BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 5). The Young Socialists have indicated their willingness to participate in joint political action with the West German CP, while a representative of the SPD announced that should any of the youth organizations connected with the party join in activities with the Committee for Peace, Disarmament, and Cooperation, sponsored by the DKP, all members of the presidium who spoke out. in favor of such cooperation with Łthe Communists would be deprived of their party membership.

5. The Composition of India’s New Government was reviewed in NOTE (Rahr, M 6) which referred to a Desai interview in Time magazine. It was pointed out that Desai emphasized that India mould-remain "neutral" or "non-aligned," cultivating balanced ties with the United States, the Soviet Union and China. This was noted to be a change from India’s former position in,the Soviet camp, although India has been officially non-aligned.

6. The Results of the Rome EEC’Session were discussed in BRUSSELS REPORT (Ryser, B 6),which noted that the Common Market countries drafted unified approaches and positions on several questions connected with the North-South dialogue between the industrial and developing countries.

7.- The Political Situation in France after the Munici 1 Electi ns was discussed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5), which weighed .the relative strength of the two political coalitions, the ruling coalition and the left opposition. It was noted that the campaign for the next round of municipal elections is focusing on Barre’s economic plan for France. 5

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. MAN ON THE PLANET EARTH No. 131 (Lobas, NY 13:30) discussed factors determining the productivity of agriculture in the United States, methods to deal with drought, and problems of Soviet agricultural machinery construction.

2. The Paris Exhibition Łof English Artist Francis Bacon was reviewed in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Litvinov, P 6).

PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, Rahr and Predtechevsky, M9:30) consisted of A 1 (Predtechevsky and Bensi,. M 5:30) and C 1 (Bensi and Rahr, M4).

gk/SL Ł NEWS COVERAGE stories in their newcasts of All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these March 28: says the air has Vance has opened talks in Moscow and Cyrus the U.S. human rights Ł been cleared by Soviet complaints over stand.

Ł The French cabinet is being reshuffled. wreckage of two Jumbo bodies have been removed from the The last 562 people. jets crashed Sunday night killing on human rights and Ludu has defended Poland’s record Trybuna working for foreign centers.. ZE-gited that anew rights group is two days of talks in Czechoslovakia’s Gustav Husak has ended Poland. Ł application. Portugal has handed in its EEC entry a constitutional amendment. new government has promised India’s assuming dictatorial powers.’ to prevent any future leader from talks with Japan in Tokyo. The Soviets have suspended.fishery leaders to discuss a hompromis( The Italian premier has met union

on his planned austerity measures.. unity Should be based on the Nicolae Ceausescu’ says communist its own, independent policy. . right of each party to work out broken .off nearly. 40 years Spain and .Mexico are to renew ties ago. Moscow support for black The Soviet. President has pledged nationalist groups in Southern Africa. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO.,75

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 75 for Tuesday, 29 March 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Vance’s Negotiations in Moscow were discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT (Savemark, W 6:30), which noted that according to agency reports Brezhnev expressed his dissatisfaction with Carter’s . human rights policy. Vance emphasized that Carter was not sing- ling out the Soviet Union for criticism, and told foreign correspondents that this exchange cleared the air. It was pointed out that, from the American side, the issue with first priority is the conclusion of a new arms limitation agreement based on the Vladivostok formula, with the addition of a provision on the limitation of American cruise missiles and Soviet "Backfire" bombers.

PRESS REVIEW (loitman and Vardi, M 3:30). The Christian Science Monitor discussed the, problem inherent in the question which Vance would be discussing in Moscow, emphasizing that the limi- .tation of arms sales is no less important than the conclusion of a new strategic arms limitation agreement. Corriere della Sera wrote that Carter’s human rights statements, although strongly disapproved of by the Soviet authorities, do not seem to present anobstacle to American-Soviet negotiations in Moscow.

2. Podgorny’s Visit to Africa was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, M 2). The Baltimore Sun expressed the danger of a repetition of the Angolan events in Rhodesia in connection with the Soviet arms deliveries to the Rhodesian insurgents. The paper discussed the position of the Organization of African unity, noting that they wanted all arms deliveries to be supervised by a special African committee to limit the influence of the super -powers.

3. Human Rights were discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Bensi and Her - kin, M 3:30). Die Welt commented on the Soviet double standard concerning diplomatic relations and the ideological struggle. - 2 -

The Soviet government insists on its right to defend its ideology throughout the world independent on the possible effects of this on foreign relations. However, the West’s defense of its "ideology," its defense of human rights, is termed interference in Soviet internal affairs. Le Monde commented on the creation of the Movement in Defense of Human and Civil Rights in Poland on the eve of the meeting between Husak and Gierek.

LETTERS AND’DOCUMENTS No. 1298 (Burstein, M 29) featured material compiled by the Moscow CSCE monitoring group on searches conducted on 4 and 5 January 1977 of the apartments belonging to members of the monitoring group. Albrekht’s How to Conduct Oneself During a Search continued to be read.

CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gladilin, P 9:30) continued to review the tenth issue of Kontinent.

Okudzhava’s He Finally Appeared Home was featured in THEY SING Ł No.520 (Mitina, M 4:30).

4. Changes, in the Soviet Law on Military Obligations were discussed in TALK (Nadirashvili and Kruzhin, M 7:30). The contents of the amendment to the previous law were itemized: the term of service for those With a higher education was lengthened from one year to one and a half for the army and two for the navy; officers with especially useful training or experience, retired because of advanced age, can now be recalled for a term of ten years rather than the previous term of five years; the role of the militia has been strengthened. The program opined that these changes were called for by the requirement of the Soviet Union for constant ’military preparedness.

5. The Soviet Union and the Newly Formed UN Committee on Human Rights was the topic of UN Report (Bykovsky, NY 4:30), which noted that the Soviet representative at the committee meeting rejected the proposal td regularly, publish accounts on the activities of the committee, because it would be discussing delicate problems which would demand a more cautious approach.

8). 6. The Brazinskas Affair was the topic of ANALYSIS (Roitman, M which recapitulated the main points of this hijacking case. In 1970, the Brazinskas, father and son, hijacked a Soviet plane to Turkey. They were tried and imprisoned according to Turkish law. Shortly thereafter, they escaped and appeared at the American embassy, requesting political asylum, which was refused. Returned

to the Turkish authorities, they were granted pardons and obtained visas to Venezuela. From there, they obtained tourist visaS to Canada, and took a plane which stopped at New York, where they _ 3 -

remained. The son married a US citizen with whom he had been corresponding. They were consequently arrested for illegal entry into the US, but were freed on bail. The program noted that they have appealed for asylum a second time, and are awaiting an answer from American authorities.

7. The National Problem in the Soviet Union was the topic.of EQUAL AMONG EQUALS No.38 (Silnitsky, NY 9), which noted the appearance of the terms "ethnopsychology" and "ethnosociology" in the Soviet Union, pointing out that they are very unusual for Marxist terminology. The program opined that the use of such terms indicates the attempt of the Soviet authorities to show the universal nature of the national problem; that is, to create the impression that the national problem in the Soviet Union resembles problems connected with ethnic groups in the United States.’ Ł

8. Chalidze’s Lectures on the Legal Situation of the Worker, in the Soviet Union, part 8. PROBLEMS OF LABOR AND DEMOCRACY No. 99 (Belotserkovsky, M 10) discussed the situation of the’ Soviet trade unions today, noting that one right not enjoyed by trade union members is the right to drop one’s membership in the union. It was pointed out that the unions are organized ."from above" in the capacity of an additional connection between the party and the people.

9. Soviet Science. THE SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE No. 100 (Vardi and Orlov, M 9) discussed the difficulties in obtaining Information on the most recent achievements of Western scientists in the Soviet Union. It was noted that many magazines and periodicals which would be very useful to Soviet scientists are banned in the Soviet Union for ideological reasons.

10. Grain. PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY AND ECONOMY No. 55 (Glasenapp, M 9) discussed the cause of the inability of the Soviet Union to produce sufficient grain for the needs of the country, focusing on the vast grain losses due to sloppy handling, trans- porting and storage practices. It was noted that the reports indicate that between 15 and 30 per cent of the grain harvest is lost in such a manner.

11. Zoya Oldenburg’s Autobiographical Story was discussed in THE WORLD OF BOOKS No.243 (Bakhrakh, P.9:30)’, which noted that Oldenburg emigrated from the Soviet Union to France at the age of 19 where she gradually entered the French literary scene. B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Western Support for Human Rights Activists in Eastern )Europe was the subject of LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 10). Reference was made to a London meeting of the organization "The Cpapaign to Fight the Misuse of Psychiatry, in the Soviet Union, an article in The Times (London) on a new human rights group in Poland, an article in The Guardian on the arrest of Shcharansky and the recently published report by Amnesty Inter- national on the situation of political prisoners in Czechoslo- vakia. The last document was excerpted and analyzed in an article by Hella Pick in The Guardian which was also used.

2. China. NEW YORK REPORT No.185-77 (Shilaev, NY 5) excerpted an interview with one of the representatives of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs published in The New York Times.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. French President Giscard d’Estaing’s Television Speech was analyzed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5). Giscard announced a Cabinet reshuffle, noting that one important reason for the .set -back suffered by the government parties was their wide political disunity. Therefore, the new Cabinet under Raymond Barre should be as non-political as the premier is himself.

2. The Beginning of the Election Campaign in Spain was reported in NOTE (Bensi, M 5:30), which pointed out that the problem of Łthe legalization of the Spanish CP has still not been resolved.

3. Carter’s Proposals on the Election Reform were the topic of NEW YORK REPORT No.186-77 (Davydov, NY 4:30). Carter proposed a change in registration requirements during the election period which would allow practically any US citizen to vote who is at least 18 years old and can produce certified proof of identification. It was also noted that Carter has proposed a change in the electoral college system.

4. Human Rights. WASHINGTON REPORT No.148 (Orshansky, W 6) noted that 57 US Senators sent a letter to Carter expressing solidarity with his position in the sphere of human rights. The text of the letter was included.

5. An Obituary of German Industrialist Gustav Schickedanz was the subject of BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B ). 6. Congressional Confirmation of Paul Warnke as the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and as a special US representative at the Soviet-American strategic arms limitation talks was discussed in PROBLEMS OF DETENTE No. 41 (Dudin, NY 9). The growing Soviet military might and the debate in American circles over whether Warnke would be a sufficiently tough negoti-. ator were reviewed.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The American Library of Congress . RADIO JOURNAL: ABROAD (Retivov, NY 18) featured an interview with a former employee of the American Library of Congress, Sergei Osipovich Jacobson; who discussed the library’s Slavic collection, how the library works, who is eligible to use it, etc.

2. Satire as a Political Literary Genre was discussed in WITH THE EYES OF THE CRITIC AND SPECTATOR (Igoshina, P9).

PRESS REVIEW (Roitman, Verdi, Rahr, Bensi and Henkin, M 9) consisted of A 1 (Roitman and Vardi, M 3:30), A 2 (Rahr, M 2) and A 3 (Bensi and Henkin, M 3:30).

gk/SL their newscasts of All RFE BDs and RI/NS carried these stories in March 29: U.S.S.R. have agreed to pet up joint working The U.S. and the nonŠproliferation. groups to study key world issues such. as nuclear have from Tenerife indicate ihat.the air disaster might Reports getting a clear Ł been caused by one pilot taking off without Ł goŠahead. jailed courts have suspended the sentences of two workers Polish imposed on over last June’s price riots but upheld the terms two others. authorities Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov.’ has spot:sod the using cowardly methods against him. , Heeley,the minister in charge of Britieh finances.’ Denim. million pounds. announced that he is cutting income taxes by 500 on The.Spanish.Sdpreme Court reportedly delayed an-announeement Party because of internal whether to legalize the communist ’ problems. Ł from reports from Brussels that high-level delegatee lbere are meeting there about 20 West European communist parties plan a in June.

force’ in Zaire has apparently" captured the major The rebel copperamining town of Mutahatsha and is pushing on toward’, a Ł centpr. Cyprus are from the. Greek and Turkish communities in Ł Delegations .talks. .in Vienna preparing.for a new round of communal in Africa. Uypt has voiced concern about foreign infiltration

Soviet president Nikolai Podgorny is now in Mocambique

government rejected as Nerroneous’ a widespread The Rhodesian the belief that it would accept black majority rule for Ł country within two years. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 76

(A .summary of the news coverageby.the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DIP.)

Russian Daily. Broadcast Analysis No.76 for Wednesday, 30 March 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Vance’s Visit to Moscow was the topic of PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, Bensi and Henkin, M 10). The Washington Star wrote that Carter’s statements on human rights in no way constitute .interference in Soviet internal affairs and should be no obstacle to the conclusion of a new SALT agreement. La Stampa opined that Carter had enriched the practice of international relations by introducing moral aspects into these relations. The Stuttqarter Zeitunq noted that it is clear that Carter will not change his human rights policies in any event, and that his policy, based on moral convictions, will doubtless lead to useful political fruits. The paper opined that Carter’s policies have given America’a serious advantage over the Soviet Union. The Greek Vradini noted the Soviet double standard of criticizing the Pinochet regime for its persecution of dissidents, while naming American support for human rights activists "interference in Soviet internal affairs." Corriere della Sera elaborated on this inequality, noting that Brezhnev receives CPUSA leader Gus Hall. Les Echos noted that Brezhnev is trying to figure out Carter who is clearly playing by different rules than his predecessors. Le Figaro agreed that Brezhnev is trying to determine the new rules of the game, but adding that his speech sounded like a warning.

The military aspects of the Soviet -American negotiations were the topic of an article by Drew Middleton in The New York Times which was excerpted in NEW YORK REPORT No.187-77 (Davydov, NY 5). 2. Human Rights. WITNESSES No. 52 (Alekseyeva and Belotserkovsky, M 9) featured ’a discussion with Ludmilla Alekseyeva, a member of. the Soviet CSCE monitoring group who recently emigrated to the West. Alekseyevna discussed the demonstrations on December 5, 1976, Soviet Constitution Day, which observed the memory of members of the human rights movement who died in camps and prisons.

Sakharov’s interview on ABC and his article in The New York Times were excerpted in WASHINGTON REPORT (Orshansky, W 9).

3. Mozambique - Soviet Relations were reviewed in ANALYSIS (Bensi, M 5:30) which was pegged to Podgorny’s visit to Mozam- bique. It was noted that this African country had had close ties with China, but changed allegiance to the Soviet Union which can afford to give greater economic aid than China. The political climate in Mozambique was also discussed.

of Ł 4. The Fourth Ukrainian Teachers’ Congress was the subject NOTE (Vardi, M 6) which focused on the speech of Shcherbitsky, the first Secretary of the Ukrainian CP-CC. It was pointed out Łthat he called for a "party" approach to all aspects of life and an end to bourgeois nationalism.

EARTH 5. Gene Transplants and Fission. TOMORROW ON THE PLANET No.204 (Patrushev, M 9) discussed the controversy, over scientific the control over the genetic content of organisms, and contrasted air broad discussion of the matter in the United States with the Soviet of secrecy which surrounds all scientific matters in the Union.

the 6. Russian Thinkers About the Humanistic Mission of Intelligentsia. HUMANISM AND MODERN TIMES No. 26 (Aksenov,

NY 9) pointed out that in Russia the intelligentsia was always

connected with humanistic service -- humanistic activities ’for Tlig. that stratum of society which was called the intelligentsia. human rights movement, the religious reawakening and samizdat

arose through the efforts of the intelligentsia. The writings were of Georgy Fedotov and Grigory Pomerants on this theme excerpted.

and Law), 7. A New Soviet Journal, "Khozyastvo i Pravo" (Economy

was the subject of EVERYDAY PROBLEMS OF SOVIET ECON0MY-No.63 (Chianurov, M 4:30). It was noted that this new magazine will

probably deal with problems connected with the dissatisfaction of their of the Soviet "managers" over the lack of clarification research legal position in the economic system of the country. RL paper RS 61/77 of March 15 was used. 3

8. The Soviet Press on Soviet Emigrants was the subject of criticism and was juxtaposed against accounts of life in the West in WE ABROAD (Sinyavskaya, Voronel and Kellermann, P 29:30).

9: Anatolv Levitin-Krasnov’s Book "The Hard Years" was reviewed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 6:30), which included a statement by Levitin-Krasnov made at a Paris press conference about his book. The book deals with the period from 1925 to 1941, and discusses the growth of religious consciousness in the Soviet Union and the repression directed against believers.

10. Avtorkhanov’s "The liKraterv.tif-Stalins Death" continued to .be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE. No.636 (Kunta, M. 27)..

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. ŁThe Democratic Opposition in the Countries of Eastern Europe was discussed in FOR YOUR FREEDOM AND FOR OURS No. 41 (Silnits- kaya, NY 13:30). P speech made by Polish historian Adam Michnik at an international conference in Paris was analyzed. The speech dealt with activities on two fronts of the Polish opposition: ’those who do not advocate change within the party, and those who advocate a movement away from Marxism. Explanations for their lack of success were offered. Michnik also discussed contemporary democratic opposition movements in the other countries of Eastern Europe and emphasized that they should utilize the power of public opinion abroad and organize constant pressure on the authorities from the side of international opinion.

Discord Among the Countries of the Warsaw Pact Over the Biennale NOTE.(Bensi, M 5)* recapitulated the story of.the Biennale, thus. far. The Soviet Ambassador in Rome., Ryzhov, announced that the Soviet Union would not participate in the festival as a Sign of protest against the decision of the festival’s organizers to de- vote the festivities to dissidents in the socialist countries. He made this announcement. not only in his own name, but in the. name .Of all ’thecountries of the Warsaw Pact. An Italian journalist conducted a phone survey, of.the.representatives of the War- saw Pact countries in.Rome to determine. the extent to which this move of Ryzhov’s was approved. Only the Czechoslovak Embassy expressed full approval. The Polish Embassy insisted on taking no position in the ’matter; the Hungarian. Embassy refused to comment ’on the groUnds that the matter did not concern them, and that the polemic: arose out of another’s initiative; and the Romanian Embassy announced that thellomanian government had other problems in connection with the earthquake and had no time to think about the Biennale. 4

3. The Trade Triangle: The United States, China, and the Soviet Union. NEW YORK REPORT No.188-77 (Shilaev, NY.5) pointed out that the amount of American foreign trade conducted with these two countries -is economically insignificant and that America views trade with the USSR and China as a means of bettering relations. It was noted that the balance of Soviet- American trade has remained constant over the past several years and has presented the Soviet Union with a large deficit. However, China has enlarged its trade with the US and concentrated on exporting items which are in great demand on the AmericanŁ market which has facilitated Peking’s expanding its imports of American goods.

4. The Plan to Call a Conference of Eurocommunists was reported in NOTE (Henkin, M 5:30). The last such conference, held in Brussels in 1974, was discussed.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Session of the Special UN Committee to Deal with Inter- national Terrorism was the .Subject of NEW YORK REPORT 5477 ’(Bykovsky, NY 4), which noted that the majority of the members cam- of the committee rejected recommendations for an organized and paign against terrorism. This majority is composed of Arab other third world countries and enjoys the support of the com- out munist countries headed by the Soviet Union. It was pointed

that this block operated under the pretext, that such, measures reason would harm liberation movements. ’This was the’identical used in 1973 when the same countries formed a united block . against proPOsals to deal with international terrorism.

REPORT 2. The British State Budget was the subject of LONDON

(ChtigUnov, L 4), which noted that British Minister of Finance, taxes Denis Healey, presented a budget calling for a decrease in pointing tied to a halt in salaries. The Times (London) was cited, assent of out that. Healey Will have difficulties winning over the be ex- the trade unions. The paper added that the oil, soon to the Bri- tracted from the North Sea ,should help the situation of strength- tish foreign balance of payments which willallow for the to deal ening of the pound.. This in turn could :make it possible with the greatest threat to. the British economy, inflation..

Inter- Mickelson’s Speech at a House Subcommittee Hearing on excerpted national Affairs about international broadcasting was rising in WASHINGTON REPORT (Savemark, W lo)., which noted the to interest in human rights, in the United States, steps taken broad- improve the quality of RFE/RL’s broadcasts, and the RFE casts in Romanian after the earthquake. 4. City Government in the United States was the topie AMERICA - DEEDS AND PEOPLE No.38 (Navrozov, NY 9).

NON-COMMUNIST D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL,.AND.SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF Ł COUNTRIES:

particular genre 1. American TV Series were discussed as a No. 6 (Gabai, of American television programs in TV IN AMERICA ŁNY 9).

consisted of A 1 PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, Bensi, and Henkin, M 10) (Vardi, Bensi and Henkin, M 10).

gk/SL NEWS .COVERAGE.

carried these stories in their: newscasts of All RFE Bps and RL/NS . March ’30: ’ ! Ł Ł Ł for a new The Soviet Union has rejected’America’s proposals strategic arms agreement. Ł threatened of Warsaw University has reportedly The rector parliament to the more than 700 students who asked to punish riots investigate police brutality after the food price last June. has reshuffled his French President Valery Giscard d’Estaing cabinet. an-austeritY.plan which mem& Italian trade unions-have accepted million dollar loan from thW .the country will qualify for a 530 _IMF. reached on whether Reports from Spain say a decision hds.been will not be published to legalize the communiet.Party,but it immediately. told that the congressional sub-committee has been ’A U.S. Liberty vrolates the jamming of Radio Free Europe and Radio .Helsinki accords. protesting against of Japanese have attended a rally Thousands negotiations. Ł the Soviet Union’s stand in the fishing settlement. Ł The stage is set for new talks on a Cyprus leader. chancellor Helmut Schmidt says Soviet party West German summer or Leonid.Brezhnev is expected to visit Bonn in early autumn. Gothal.the Romanian writer There are unofficial reports that Paul. harassed. and human rights activist, is being it had reached agreement with 7 *The. United States announced that shipping.American grain to .the Soviet Union on new terms for .the Soviets on U.S.-owned vessels. .

*).The.Romanian BD did not use this item Ł BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 77 RADIO LIBERTY DAILY - coverage by the Russian of the news the DBA.) (A summary appears at theŁend of language programming

Analysis No. 77 Russian Daily Broadcast 1977 for Thursday, 31 March J. Vale

SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, A. SOVIET TOPICS - , were discussed in Vance’s Trip tAlt_11.31 1.- The Results of 12), which excerpted the WASH-ITIGTONREPORnark,’Wpress conference on during a White House Carter’s remarks ’arms limitation pre- dealing with strategic American proposals United States and the noting that the sented to the Soviets, discussion during:the to continue this Ł Soviet Union have agreed participation of Gromyko Geneva with the .first half of May in .and Vance.

was_a topic.of.PRESS_REVIEW Vance’strip.to-Mnscow The results of Die Presse.detailed Nadirashvili, 116). . (Bensi, Roitman;.and armsŁlimitation, noting: on strategic two American proposals agree to any terms ex- is not willing .to that the Soviet side formula. Ł The up in the VladivostoCk ceeding the bounds set disagreement in the .out that there is Baltimore Sun Łpointed inŁconcrast,to the. SALT pkoposal.s, States over Vance’s rights policies.. United accorded Carter’s human full support the.disagreement between the relatively effect of discussed the in arriving The paper of the lack Of success countries on the causes that Vance made it two but noted positively SALT agreement, The Washin ton ,at a new not a one -way -street. that disarmament is Kremlin leaders clear average age of the pointed out that the future, adding Post appear in the near that new faces must negotiations. The indicates harm the SALT this could- theoretically Vance has gained Ł that Zeitun wrote that All emeine Soviet govern- Frankfurter position adopted by the clearer picture of the Union is not pre- a out that the Soviet 1...__Fi_garo pointed in the ment.’. from the.position’elaborated pared to move one iota noted that contacts The Matin de Vladivostok outline. in Several Months. . will be renewed ’between the US and USSR -2-

REVIEW to Africa was a topic of PRESS 2. Podgornv’s Trip magazine an article in Newsweek. The (Bensi, M 2), which cited influence was trying to broaden its showed how the Soviet Union successes Zaire, but added that Soviet in Rhodesia, Ethiopia and seem at first glance. are not as great as it would

DOCUMENTS No.1299 (Burshtein and 3. Dissidents. LETTERS AND on the searches conducfed Schlippe, M 27) featured material members of the Soviet CSCE the apartments belonging to in by Orlov, ShcharanskY and monitoring committee and statements How to Conduct Onself During Voronin. The reading of Albrekht’s a Search was continued. Gusev. York Times in answer to the Sakaharov’s article in The New dis- York Times:was excerpted and letter also printed in The New (Gendler, NY 5). cussed in NEW YORK REPORT No.189-77

M 29) featured (Alekseyeva and Schlippe, SAMIZDAT REVIEW No.284 statement by CSCE monitoring group, Ła material on the Soviet on the the Victor Louis report this group in connection with appeal by Grigorenko and Orlov, Moscow subway explosion, an democratic reform. and religious samizdat urging

of the Chairman of the Council 4. The Speech of Sarkisian SSR, published in Sotsialisticheskava Ministers of the Armenian was NOTE (Oganessian, M 3). It Industria, was the topic of the compared the achievements of pointed out that Sarkisian as Łin 1913, citing such statistics Republic today with those production in Armenian industrial a 28,900 per cent increase are to- showed that such statistics since 1913. The program nor there was neither an Armenia meaningless, because tally of the country. any"industry" in 1913 in that part NOTE (Nadiras Attacks on RFE/RL were the.opic of 5. Soviet Media these stations pointed out that in accusing viii, M 5:30), which with American and of having connections of being spying centers for intensifying media is creating a pretext intelligence Soviet an atmosphere dissidents and trying to create repression against It was with the radio’s broadcasts. of distrust associated violation of efforts represent a added that these slanderous the free Final Act which call for those provisions in the CSCE exchange of information. versus the same in 1913. Industrial Output Today 13:30) 6. Soviet No. 700 (Koryakov, NY YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW theme. RUSSIA Sergei Pushkarev on this by Esfir Genkin and examined works the official laudatory sta- pointed out that many of The program unrealistic, because the in- this comparison are tistics used in 1913. For example, representative for dicators chosen are not television production about the increase in it is useless to brag time. was no television at this since 1913 because there 7. "I Want Peace" was the title of an article in Pravda by Valentin Kataev on the event of the author’s 80th birthday, discussed in SPECIAL BROADCAST (Finkelstein, L 17). Kataev’s article claimed that peace is being threatened by the dissidents and the United States, that the October Re- volution was practically bloodless and that the atmosphere which reigned among the Bolsheviks was peace-loving. The program polemicized with the assertions of this article and produced contradictory citations from earlier works of Kataev.

8. Leonid Zorin’s Play "Neznakomets" (The Stranger) was favorably reviewed in WITH THE EYES OF THE CRITIC AND SPECTATOR No. 5 (Igoshina, P 8:30)., which drew parallels between this comedy. and Gogol’s The Inspector General.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. NOTE (Bensi, M 5:30) reported that Poland has ratified two important documents on human rights: the Inter- national Pact on Civil and Political Rights and the International Pact on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. It was pointed out that these documents have not yet been ratified by many -

Western governments, including the United States, and that Soviet propaganda charges that this proves that the capitalist governments do not wish to accord their citizens the rights embodied al- in these pacts. It was pointed out that these rights are even ready protected in the laws of those Western governments with though they have not ratified the pacts. Simultaneously the ratification, it was reported that the rector of Warsaw a University threatened to take disciplinary measures against open letter that the large group of students who demanded in an behavior of the militia in the June rjots be investigated for

abuse of authority. The program emphasized that the rector’s on threat conttitutes a violation of the International Pact Civil and Political Rights.

2. The Human Rights Movement in Romania was the topic of focused EAST EUROPEAN CHRONICLE No. 170 (Pusta, M 11:30), which relatively soft on the role of Romanian writer Paul Goma and the dissidents. line taken by the Romanian authorities regarding with It was noted that a group of Romanians expressed solidarity

the Czechoslovak Charter 77, and Goma was cited as drawing parallels between the situations in Czechoslovakia and in Romania. 4

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US - Latin American Relations were discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 191-77 (Dudin, NY 5), which noted the recent complications in these relations in connection with Carter’s human rights policy. Reference was made to the present negotiations on the normalization of relations between -the US and Cuba. The problems of the Panama Canal and the massive emigration of the inhabitants of these countries to the US in search of work was noted to be a central problem in US -Latin American relations. The decision of the American government to halt aid to Argentina and Uruguay because of human rights violations in these countries was noted to have led to the rejection of American help in general from Brazil, Guatemala and El Salvador.

2. The UN Security Council on the Middle East. NEW YORK REPORT No.55-77 (Bykovsky, NY 4) discussed the beginnings of the debate on Middle East problems in the UN Security Council, noting the Ł mutual accusations between Israel and Egypt and the continuing fundamental problem of the participation of the PLO in the Geneva Middle East Peace negotiations.

3. The Composition of the New French Government was discussed in PARIS REPORT (Ryser, P 5). It was noted that Barre’s aim in choosing the members of his new government is to improve the economic condition of the country, and to increase the cooperation between the parties of the ruling majority.

4. West German Aid to the Developing Countries was the topic of BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 6). The press organs of the communist countries have asserted that the economic aid given by the FRG to the developing countries is nothing more than the pursuance of the neo-colonial policies of West German monopo- 1 istic circles. An article in Azia i Afrika Sevodnya was excerpted to this effect. West German aid to developing countries was discussed in some detail. Ł Ł 5. India. PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES No. 62 (Pusta, M 13) discussed the history of the Indian opposition, Gandhi’s state of emergency and the defeat of Gandhi’s ruling party at the elections. The social and economic problems of the country were reviewed.

6. The Unsuccessful Coup Attempt in Thailand was the topic of NEW YORK REPORT No.190-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), which gave the background of the March 26 coup in the context of the unstable political life of Thailand. - 5 -

D. CULTURAL’i-SCCIAL4 AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES.:

1. An Interview with Prof. B. Segal on Alcoholism was featured in SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TODAY No.33 (Muslin, NY 13:30).

PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, Roitman and. Nadirashvili, M 8) consisted of 1-1 (Bensi, Roitman and Nadirashvili, M 6) and A-2 (Bensi, M 2).

gk/SL NO. 78 RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS - the news coverage by the Russian (A summary of the DE.) language programming appears at the end of

. Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 78 for. Friday, 1 April 1977 J.,Vale

SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, Moscow were discussed in PRESS 1. The Results of Vance’s Trip to The Frankfurter Allqemeine REVIEW (Bensi, Henkin, and Vardi, M 7). reaction to Vance’s failure Zeitunq commented on Carter’s calm Moscow, noting that a date to to achieve a new SALT agreement in The paper added that both continue the discussion has been set. agreement because of the sides are interested in reaching an race. The Frankfurter financial burden incurred by the arms side, having quickened Allqemeine Zeitunq opined that the Soviet United States,would be its armament tempo, expected that the adding that the Soviets ready to pay dearly to slow this tempo, reviewed the Soviet -American judged incorrectly. The Baltimore Sun director of the US military balance in an article by ’a former noting growing Soviet military Arms Control and Disarmament Agency importance of the upcoming con- might. The Guardian emphasized the that both. sides will have tinuation of the discussion pointing out opposite side. Der Bund time to consider the positions of the one cannot speak ok a also wrote along these lines, adding that Sera asked if the breakdown in negotiations. Corriere della proposals indicates a Soviet rejection of American disarmament superiority in Europe and intention to retain military Soviet (US-USgr) but emphasized that the problem is not two-sided many-sided.

8) discussed the official ,WASHINGTON REPORT No. 151 (Orshansky, W trip to Moscow and the US reaction to the results of Vance’s Carter’s statements failure to conclude a new SALT agreement. conference expressing cautious at an unofficial White House press

.optimism were excerpted using tape -cuts.

Vance were discussed in The recent statements by Gromyko and which summarized WASHINGTON REPORT K 866 (Savemark, W 9:30), on the Moscow ne- views of Washington political observers the points in common; they ex- gotiations. Most observers made three Soviet side rejected the pressed some disappointment that the over the decision to resume American SALT proposals and optimism future and over the strong the discussions in Geneva in the near completely independent of party support by the American people, human rights and strategic affiliations, of Carter’s policies on arms limitations. .4/

Vance’s trip to Moscow was discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT (Beloborodov, W 6) which reviewed the main points of the American proposals presented in Moscow on strategic arms limitation.

2. An -Interview with Andrei Sakharov in the Svenska Daqbladet was discussed and excerpted in ARTICLE (Matusevich, M:10).. Sakharov discussed human rights in the Soviet Union, the upcoming Belgrade conference, and the importance of Western support7 for Soviet dissidents.

3. Soviet-East European Relations were the topic of an article by Richard Davy in The Times (London) which was featured in LONDON REPORT (Finkelstein, L 5:30).

4. A REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PRESS No.28 (Shaiovich, M 13:30) featured an article entitled "Black and White Lists in Universities" from Novoe Russkove Slovo. about admission practices into Soviet institutions of higher Ł learning and an article by Ignatov entitled "About Faith" from Vestnik Russkoqo Khristianskoqo Dvizheniva.

5. Soviet Alcoholism. EDZNETSOV’S TALK No. 174 (Kuznetsov, L 13:30) compared alcohol consumption in the Soviet Union and England, where the author has lived for the last eight years. Anecdotes about drinking in England were offered.

6. The Soviet Union and the UN Subcommittee on the Use of Satellites for Television Broadcasting. UN REPORT No. 56-77 (Bykovsky, NY 5) discussed the sharp Soviet reaction to the presentation of a document dealing with the drafting of principles for the technical and legal aspects of such trans- missions. The principles outlined pursued the goal of guaran- teeing the free flow of information and the unlimited access to information. The Soviet delegate, Valery Kolosov, pointed out that the question has political as well as technical aspects Ł and called for a guarantee of the sovereign rights of the government at whose territory the broadcasts were directed. It was noted that this was the familiar Soviet demand of government control over such broadcasts, i.e. government censorship.

dis- 7. Soviet Law. NEW YORK REPORT No.193-77 (Gendler, NY 4) on cussed the publication of the first collection of documents

Soviet law by the New York Institute for the Study of Socialist Law. The background of this organization, founded by former Soviet dissident Valery Chalidze, was reviewed. Articles in this collection by Prof. Leon Lipson of Yale University were excerpted.

8. Edison Denisov,, a Soviet Avant -Garde Composer, was reported to be visiting France in CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.69 (Litvinov, P 1). -3-

9. The "Stoic" Poetry of Arseny Tarkovsky was featured in A POET ON POETRY No.137 (Betaki, P 9).

10. The Works of Vasili Shushkin continued to be discussed in LITERATURE OF MORAL RESISTANCE NO. 44 (Svirsky, NY 17).

11. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to - be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No.637 (Kunta, M 20).

12. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIETY LIFE No. 207 (Roitman, Gordin. Zuckerman, Yakhot, and Shtern, M 29) featured an article on Passover and on the’ banof the import of Matzos into the Soviet Union and -included ’a didctssion of ’the" difficulties of emigration from the Soviet Union to Israel and an interview with Viktor Shtern.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Support for Human Rights Activists in Eastern Europe was discussed in ANALYSIS (Bensi, M 6), which noted the support of theJapanese CP leader for the Czechoslovak Charter 77, British Foreign Minister David Owen’s support for human rights activists,

Mario Soares’ criticism of one-party dictatorships, and Mitterrand’s criticism of conditions in Eastern Europe.

ŁŁŁŁ CHRONICLE Foreign Policy was the topic of EAST EUROPEAN 2. Yu oslav are No. 17 (Pusta, 14:30), which noted that Yugoslavia’s policies founded on the principle of non-alignment with the military and the political blocks of the "great powers." This was suggested as reason for Yugoslavia’s rapprochement with other Balkan govern-

ments. Reference was made to the improvement in Yugoslav-Romanian

relations and to Belgrade’s attempts to find support not only from states. the other Balkan governments but from other Mediterranean

3. Sidney Hook Was Interviewed on Bertram Wolf, one of the founders of the American CP, in SOVIET NOTES No.694 (Rudolf, NY 4:30).

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS: THEMES 1. Christian Youth in Italy was the topic of ON DIFFERENT organization No. 184 (Maltsev, R 8:30), which focused on the youth sharp \called "Unity and Freedom," which has been under, especially

attack from ultra-left-wing elements in Italy. It was pointed group out that Italian Marxists are upset by the fact that this draws its members from the very strata of society which the

leftists consider their base of support; that is from among pro- the workers and the students. This Christian youth group the use poses that the current social problems be solved without of force advocated by the ultra-left. 4

2. Japan and the 200 Mile Fishing Zone. NEW YORK REPORT No. 192-77 (Shilaev, NY 4) noted that 40 per cent of the fish caught by Japanese ships are from within a 200 mile zone of . other countries. The declaration of the 200 mile fishing zone by the United States and the Soviet Union was pointed out to have hit the Japanese especially hard. The details of the recent American-Japanese agreement allowing the Japanese to fish within American teritorial waters for a fee were reviewed. It was pointed out that similar negotiations with the Soviet Union have reached an impass since the Soviet Union has used its cla. of possession of the Kurile islands in determining its 200- mile fishing zone.

3. West Indian Immigrants in Great Britain. LONDON REPORT (naugunov, L 4) discussed the report published by the British Parliamentarl Special Committee on Racial Relations and Immi- gration on the situation of the West Indian minority in Great Britain. It was noted that although this group is the equal of all other British citizens in the eyes of the law, there Ł continues to be gross economic discrepancies between this minority and the native British community. It was, however, added that there have been great improvements in this regard, and that approximately one-half of the people in this category own their own homes. The document outlined proposals to further improve the situation of the West Indian minority.

4. Sadat’s Visit to the FRG was the topic of BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 4:30), which pointed out that the main points of discussion include possible participation of the EEC countries in the resolution of the Middle East conflict and economic aid to Egypt.

5. The Twentieth Anniversary of the Common Market was observed in FROM EVERYDAY LIFE No.57 (Glasenapp, M 4:30) which noted the significant increase in trade among the member countries during this period. Ł 6. France. PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 6) discussed the preparations for the French parliamentary elections in 1978, analyzing the results of the municipal elections.

7. A Discussion with a Leader of the French Peasantry, Michel Debatisse, was featured in FRENCH AGRICULTURE No. 8 (Muravin, P 9). This first part of a series dealt with Debatisse’s background.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

Rights in Strasbourg 1. The International Film Festival on Human (Litvinov, P 1). was the topic of Ł CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No.69

of PHILOSOPHY Ł 2. The Ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche were the topic OF NEW TIMES No. 21 (Piatigorsky, L 13:30).

M 7). PRESS REVIEW consisted of A-1 (Bensi, Henkin and Vardi,

gk/sL RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 79

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 79 for Saturday and Sunday, 2 and 3 April 1977 Roy Delon

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Vance’s Mission to Moscow and its ramifications in the light of subsequent statements made by President Carter and the agreement to hold further talks in Geneva in May were discussed on ROUND TABLE No. 1 (A. Perouansky, V. Lavrov, L.I. Roitman, and K. Chenkin, M 20) of April 2. Although the US side brought forth new SALT proposals, the Soviet negotiators,in the words of Gromyko, described them as piling up one unresolved problem on top of another. Nevertheless, the program’s moderator asked panelists to analyze the current US proposals and explain how they differ, from the Vladivostok talks. The open nature of Vance’s negotiations, a sketch of Kissinger’s diplomacy, and a detailed review of specific weapons involved were the main points made by panelists. How are we to explain the rejection of US ’proposal’s by the Soviet Government, the moderator asked. Is Moscow trying to continue gaining military strength or, as Carter supposed, to think over the proposals and perhaps come to a later, more flexible position? The second possibility seems more likely in the light of qromyko’s past record of initial intransigence in his Moscow negotiations with Nixon. The Soviet side might be postponing final agreement till the very last moment, i.e., October, one of the panelists noted. The reasons for the failure of the first round of talks should be sought in 1) the newness of the administration,with the Soviet need to squeeze out every propaganda advantage; 2) the Soviet disinclination to support Carter in the manner in which they supported Nixon and Ford; 3) reaction to Carter’s basic principles in the area of human rights; and 4) apparent belief that further concessions can be gained from the US side. SPECIAL PROGRAM (M. Agursky, M 14) of April 2 focused on the End phase of Vance’s Moscow mission and Gromyko’s press conference of April 1 at which, for the first time, he mentioned some of the hitherto secret facts and did not conceal his irritation.

WORLD THIS WEEK (Savemark, W 7) of .April 2 continued a general discussion of Vance’s Moscow talks by stressing that the Carter administration has succeeded in demonstrating its youthful and elastic approach not matched by the Soviet partners. The substance of Brezhnev’s TV interview was also cited as evidence of the US resolve to achieve political patity, security from nuclear danger, and an end of the arms race.

’2. Human Rights. ROUND TABLE No. 2 (A.: Perouansky, G. Bensi, L.I. Roitman, and V. Matusevich, M 29) of April 3 dealt with Gromyko’s answer to TASS’ question posed after Vance’s departures whether the defense of human rights by "certain circles" in the Ł US is a deliberate attempt at increasing tensions and hindering SALT talks. His insistence that human rights are a purely domestic issue is inconsistent with the signing of the CSCE accords by the USSR from both political and judicial points of view, the RL panelists said. However, they agreed that Brezhnev has a pragmatic as well as a domestic interest in reaching a SALT agreement but does not adequately appreciate the important and justified defense of human rights in the USSR. To a certain extent, the worklview of Soviet leaders (pragmatism combined with cynicism)hinders their full understanding of what Carter is trying to achieve. Panelists also reviewed the support of human rights in the US, France, and other democratic countries, including the views and changing tendencies, evident in the non - ruling CPs.

RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belotserkovsky, M 5) of April 2 tried to find the causes of the sharpening reaction by the Soviet authorities to the growing defense from abroad of legality in the USSR.

HELSINKI AND HUMAN RIGHTS No. 61 (R. Dudin, NY 9) of April 3 dealt with the harsh treatment accorded foreign journalists when they try to report on the state of human rights in the USSR; UN General SecretaryKurt Waldheim’s criticism of the Czechoslovak government in regard to the treatment of an American correspondent; and a number of like incidents in Eastern Europe and the USSR which conflict with the Final Act of the CSCE, including Izvestia’s hint that dissidents are spies, HUMAN RIGHTS No. 174 (V. Fedoseev, M 27) of April 2 described the meeting of Dutch parliamentarians with deputies of the. Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Academician Sakharov. Their discussions with Sakharov related to the violations of the human rights of the Crimean Tatars. The author of the program also included a story told by a former camp inmate, Vitali Svechinsky, about the "right to live" and the prisoners’ understanding of that term.

3. The Russian Nationality Problem and Oppositional Russian Nationalism were the topics of SPECIAL PROGRAM (M. Agursky, M 20) of April 3 which featured readings from issue No. 10 of the Russian-language quarterly Kontinent (Paris).

4. GUEST OF THE WEEK No.23 (V. Rudolf, NY 18:30) of April 3 was Petr M. Boldyrev, former Komsomol member and graduate of the Philosophic Department of Leningrad University. Our guest talked about Marxism-Leninism; the philosophy of Berdyaev, Frank, Bulgakov, and Struve; and his extensive travels in the USSR before leaving it in 1976.

5. Samizdat. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1300 (Burshtein,-M 32) of April 2 presented the text of samizdat materials originating from Soviet camps and prisons— as those from the Vladimir Prison on the occasion of the anniversary of the Soviet Constitution of 1936, from the Perm camps demanding a five-day work week, an anonymous essay on the conditions in transit in prisoner ’ transibrcenters, and an excerpt from a,brochure authored by V. Albrecht, Part 7 (Samizdat documents Nos. 2\S-2807, 2806, 2815, and 2767),

6. Chinese Themes in the Soviet Press were elucidated on FIFTY YEARS AGO THIS WEEK (Yu. Gendler, NY 13:30) of April 3.

Ł 7. The Soviet Union: Beginning of the End? asked ECONOMISTS ON THE SOVIET ECONOMY No. 119 (J. Chuanurov, M 9) of .April 2. The program reviewed the thoughts of the editor of the Glasgow University’s publication Critic.

8. TURNING TO HISTORY No. 7 (V. Lavrov, M 29) of April 2 dealt with the outstanding events, persons, and facts recorded during the last week of March 1917, when the US declared war on Germany, thousands of people attended the funeral rites of victims of the revolution on the Martian Field, and the Minister of Justice A. Kerensky was preparing the prosecution of the royal couple. - 4:-

9. A Change of the Law on the Universal Duty to Perform Military Service was the topic of RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (Kruzhin, M 5) of April 2.

10. Soviet Economy, As Reflected By the Sixteenth Congress of the Trade Unions was analyzed on RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET Ł UNION (Kronche’r, M 5) of April 2.

11. Dostoyevsky’s "House of the Dead" ISsued in a French Paper - Back Edition was reviewed on CULTURE, EVENTS, AND PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 1:30) of April 2.

12. Mikhail Memyakin’s Exhibition in Paris, Gregory Kostaki’s Gift of Russian Paintings to the Soviet Government, Vladimir Tatlin’s Exhibition in Moscow, and Mikhail Rut’s Debut in Paris were covered on CULTURE, EVENTS, PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 9) of April 2.

13. The Tel Aviv Russian-Language Journal "The Times and We." was reviewed on CULTURE, EVENTS, AND PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 2) of April 2. ’

14. The Essence of Stalinism as a Political System was detailed on SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN TOTALITARIAN SOCIETIES (M. Agursky, M 9) of April 2 along the lines of Robert Tucker’s 1936 work Soviet Political Thought, including the opinions held by G. Pomerants and A. Yanov.

"The Mystery of Stalin’s Death : Beria’s Conspiracy" Part 4, was the sub.-title of FROM THE OTHER SHORE No.638 (A. Avtorkhanov, M 27:30) of April 30. The program outlined and copiously cited from those sections of Avtorkhanov’s book which deals with Stalin’s "inner cabinet" and its role as his personal secretariat and an autonomous sector of the CC of the CPSU. The special character of that body ruling the USSR has contributed to the excesses of Stalin’s personal dictatorship.

15. TOPICS OF DISCUSSION No.38 (M. Gordin, B. Orshansky, L. Predtechevsky, N. Gorbanevskaya, P. Patrushev, and P. Galich, M 29:30) of April 3 presented a general roundup of last week’s programs stemming from Munich, Paris, Washington and Australia and dealing with a broad range of topics: detente, Eastern Europe, ecology, Russian emigration, etc. (Program material was culled from PROBLEMS OF DETENTE, EAST EUROPEAN TESTIMONIES, TOMORROW OF THE PLANET EARTH, WE ABROAD, and other broadcasts transmitted last week.) - 5 -

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL No. 2 (S. Vardi, M,20) of April 3 provided listeners with a panoramic view of social developments, topical problems, and major events of the past week based on factual informational material from Bulgaria, Hungary, Czecho- slovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, and the GDR.

2. Atomic Arms and the Atomic Policy of China, Part 2. PEKING AND ITS POLICY No.413 (E. Shilayev, NY 9) of April 2Ł stressed that from the moment that the ’PRC obtained nuclear weapons it incorporated them into its policy, declaring readiness to destroy -its weapons if other countries did so. this There is no indication today that China is ready to change aspect of her policy.

Comedy" 3. Ahdrzel Wardy’s Film "Marble Man" and Dante’s"Divine

enjoy great successes in Warsaw according to CULTURE, EVENTS Ł AND PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 3:30) of April 2.

Life 4. Romanian Writers and Prominent Personalities of Cultural PEOPLE (B. Are Supporting Charter 77 reported CULTURE, EVENTS AND Litvinov, P 2) of April 2.

Amendments 5. How the Polish Intelligentsia Opposed Constitutional Bourdeaux, was related on RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD No.274 (M. year by 9) of April 2 by detailing specific actions taken last the Polish Catholics united in the "Znak" group.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS: and Human Rights, 1. The Congress Supports Carter’s Position on SALT Our reported WORLD THIS WEEK (B. Orshansky, W 6) of April 2. in both program pointed to the specific sources of this support editorial houses of the Congress on the basis of reportage and Post, opinion published in The New York Times and The Washington

naming the most prominent US legislators who stand foursquare behind the President on thosetwo issues.

date 2. A French Political Roundup brought listeners up to featured on the internal developments and governmental changes in WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Ryser, P 4) of April 1.

illustrated 3. The Working of the British Parliamentary System was by with examples taken from the Birmingham elections occasioned Commission Roy Jenkins’ appointment as President of the European on WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Chugunov, L 3) of April 2. 6

D. SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Beneficial Relationship Between the Consumer Economy and Military and Space Research was the subject of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TODAY (E. Myslin, NY 13:30) of April 2. Listeners were told about the flow and availability of information gained in space from NASA to the US Department of Agriculture, -and other examples on the interrelation between advanced research and man’s daily needs were also given.

2. European Intellectual Thought from Thomas Moore to Trotsky was surveyed in a 726-page work by the British writer Melvin J. Laski, entitled ’Utopia and Revolution, said CULTURE, EVENTS, AND PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 2) of April 2.

3. Claude Debussy’s Romantic Opera Newly Staged in Paris was rell, viewed on CULTURE, EVENTS, AND PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 2) of April 2.

4. The Cannes Film Festival, the Rewn Museum’s New Acquisitions, A Canadian Film "Colors of Love," and Non -Conformists in Venice were the subject of CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (B. Litvinov, P 7:30) of April 2.

5. The Chess Match Korchnaya-Petrosyan was the subject of RADIO JOURNAL; THE SOVIET UNION (V. Matusevich, M 5) of April 2.

6. Man.’s Fall and Palm Sunday were topics treated separately in two programs: MAN IN TODAY’S WORLD VIEW No. 15 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) and SUNDRY TALK No.1041 (A. Shmeman, NY 9), both of April 3.

gk/ MB 7Š NEWS COVERAGE- these stories in. their newscasts of All RFE Bbs and RL/NS carried April 2: United States of trying A Soviet’ commentator has-acquaed the at.the.recent Moscow disarmament .to outwit the Soviet Union talks. crisis following the Spanish Communists warn of .a political the party. Supreme court’s failure to legaliz.e says the communist Party leader Enrico. Beilinguer Italian for.a stronger minority government -fl Rome must-mak.Way administration. reported ’to be continuing Rightwing Lebanese militiamen are Palestinians and Moslems in the south. a major offensive against gang of terrorists, that and Danish .police have capturbd a Swedish cabinet minister.. allegedly, planned to kidnaRa former F by a tornado in Bangladesh least 328 people have been killed .At toll will climb. and authorities fear the death .over in Somalia president Nikcaai. Podgorny has stopped Soviet Barre. for talxs with President MohamedSiad reform what he says was the Health minister promises to India’s sterilization policy. previous government’s inhuman tennis championships with Politics has hit the world table * Israeli cOmpetitor.’ China refusing. to play against an are split over whether Delegates to a United Nations conference world commodity prices. to create a fund tostabilize of her Soviet citizenshi’p’. Natalya SolzhenitsyeAlas’been sti’ipped .00 truck. were reported to’ have arrested a Easl-German’police Carter to help ootain who appealed to President Jimmy driver to the West. permission for his family to emigrate

*) The Hungarian Badid not use this items.

Ł - 8 .NEWS’COVERAGE

All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in their newscasts of April 3:

*President Carter says the U.S.’ is determined, to succeed in arms limitation talks with the Soviet Union.

Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat has arrived in Washington to Sound out the new administration on Middle East peace prospects.

Reports .from Bangladesh now indicate that.more than 600 people Ł were killed in Friday’s cyclone.

Amnesty International alleges that Sbuth Africa uses torture and arbitrary arrest to maintain illegal power in.Namibia.

Russian author and human.rights campaigner Lev Kopelev says he has been expelled from the Soviet writer’s union. Sweden has extradited two Germans who were being held as members of an alleged terrorist_grouk. . Ł 11, = .Spanish police have.use4 tear gas to break up a political meeting due to be addressedlby communist leader Santiago Carrillo.. Ł

Leaders Of West Europe’s cocial*.mooratic parties and trade ,unions intend to work for full.employment by 1980. Zaire’s president has had a small turnout at 6 rally meant to back his. fight against the invading forCe in the.South. Ł Ł Cuban Premier Fidel Castro has.ended talks withEast German leaders.

*) he Bulgarian BD did not use this iten?. ." Ł ŁŁŁ

ŁŁ Ł RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 80

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appdars at the end of the DBP.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 80 for Monday, 4 Apri1.1977 ŁJ. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The Results of Vance’s Trip to Moscow were discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Henkin and Roitman, M 5:30). The Times (London) wrote pessimistically about the Soviet rejection of Carter’s proposals for strategic arms limitations, noting that the Soviet Union wished to show Carter that his position on human rights was harmful to the course of detente. The Daily Telegraph followed the same lines, but added that there was no cause for panic because Carter is not yielding to Soviet pressure to change his view points. Le Figaro wrote that Carter has not become dis- couraged by the Soviet rejection. Le Soir spoke of Soviet double standards concerning criticism of the West and Western criticism of the East. The Baltimore Sun wrote that although Vance’s visit was not a great success, both sides expressed their desire for the continuation of detente. The New York Times noted that, while the negotiations in Moscow resulted in a backward step in Soviet -American relations, this did not signify a total breakdown of the process of searching for a path to disarmament.

2. The New Legislation on the Soviet Penal Code was discussed in ANALYSIS (Roitman, M 7) which pointed out that new legislation will allow the government maximal utilization of the prisoners’ labor potential by broadening the sphere for the application of’ their labor. Conditions in Soviet criminal colonies were discussed. Ia.

3. Dissidents. WASHINGTON REPORT No.153 (Orshansky, W 6) excerpted the press conference of Natalia Shcharansky, wife of the Jewish human rights leader arrested in the Soviet Union. Topics of discussion included the intensification of repression against Jews in the Soviet Union, the illegality of her husband’s arrest and her intention to bring the attention of the American public to the problems of the persecution of Soviet ’Jews.

The. full Russian text. of Sakharov’s article in The New York Times was featured in NEW YORK REPORT (Sakharov, NY 7:30).

LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1301 (Burstein, M 29:30) featured an article by Emilia Sinaya on the right to emigrate from the Soviet Union, challenging the system of payment for giving up one’s Soviet citizenship. Albrecht’s "How to Conduct Oneself During a Search" continued to be read.

"My Friend Left for Magadan" and- "An Incident in the Mines" were featured in THEY SING No.521 (Mitina, M 4:30).

4. The Meeting of the All -Russian Council of Kolkhozes. NOTE (Vardi, M 6) discussed the measures proposed to develop agriculture in the non -black soil regions of the Soviet Union, noting that although this region has one half of the population of the RSSR, it only provides the country with 13 per cent of ,grain produced and 15 per cent of the meat. It was pointed out that the meeting of the Kolkhoz Council made no mention of the shortcomings in agricultural production.

5. Sovietologv. RADIO SEMINAR (Koryakov, NY 13:30) continued to discuss Alain Besancon’s book A Short Treatise on Sovietologv focusing on models for Soviet foreign policy.

6. REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PRESS No.29 (Mitina, M 13:30) featured a review of Berdaev’s book The Philo- sophy of Inequality in Grani and a review of Hedrick Smith’s The Russians in Kontinent.

7. Soviet Postal Practices came under, criticism in a protest statement by Frederick Thornberry, made in the name of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, 1;4:30) noted. It was pointed out that the complaint was aimed at the Soviet practice of censoring incoming foreign mail.

8. The Functions of Private Plots in Soviet Collective Farms were discussed in MAN ON THE PLANET EARTH No.132 (Lobas, NY 6:30).

9. The Recent Poetry of Naum Korzhavin continued to be featured in NAUM KORZHAVIN TALKS No. 10 (Korzhavin, NY 10). - 3 -

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Human Rights. PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5) discussed the reasons for the hunger strike of Romanian dissident Sergiu Manoliu, one of the members of the Romanian intelligentsia who signed the letter on Romanian CSCE Final Act violations addressed to the organizers of the Belgrade conference. The Romanian authorities then proposed that these dissidents leave the country and Manoliu, together with his mother Maria Manoliu, Serban Stefanescu, and Roxana Marcoci were among those who received permission to emigrate. However, Stefanescu’s passport was confiscated by the government. Having found out about this, Manoliu began a hunger strike in front of the Romanian Embassy in Paris protesting the illegal confiscation of Stefanescu’s passport.

Human rights in the GDR, pegged to the upcoming CSCE follow-up conference in Belgrade, was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Vardi,,M 2:30). An article in the Sueddeutsche Zeitung, which excerpted the East .European press lauding East German observance of the third basket provisions of the CSCE Final Act, was juxtaposed against a pessimistic appraisal of the GDR human rights record in the Neue Zuercher Zeitung.

Repression in Czechoslovakia was the topic of a series of articles in La Liberation, excerpted and discussed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 4:30).

2. The Polish Political Trials of the 40s and 50s, were the topic of a book entitled With the Eyes of the Lawyer by Artla Steins- bergowa, analyzed in EAST EUROPEAN WITNESSES No.42 (Gorbanevs- kaya, P 13:30).

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The FRG. BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 5:30) discussed the decision of two West German youth organizations to pursue different political lines than those orthe’.p.arties they are associated - with. The organizations in question are the youth organization of the Social Democrats and the Free Democrats, which announced their intention to cooperate with a Communist organization. It was noted that the conflict was easily ironed out when party representatives negotiated with the youth leaders, who then - renounced their earlier decision.

2. Terrorism. .TEL-AVIV REPORT K-16093 (Perelman, Isr 5) discussed the protest of the West German government to Jerusalem in connection with the detention of two West German citi2ens who were arrested after they attempted a terrorist act together with three Palestinians. 4

3. Pakistan. NEW YORK REPORT No. 194-77 (Shilaev, NY 5:30) discussed the situation in Pakistan after the elections in which the ruling party won such a great victory as to cause the opposition to charge foul play.

4. The Western Economic Summit, which will take place in London on May 17, was the subject of ECONOMIC OBSERVER No.256 (Dreier, NY 4:30), which focused on the agenda for this summit.

5. US Agricultural Policy and Food Problems in the World Today were the subject of an article by Robert Bergland in FOreign Agriculture, discussed in MAN ON THE PLANET EARTH No. 132, (Lobas, NY 7).

6. An Article Entitled "Carter, Freedom and Peace" by Robert Conquest in "Soviet Analyst" was featured in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30).

7. The Role of Human Rights in American Foreign. Policy Was the topic of an article in Foreign Policy by Donald Frazer, featured in NEW YORK REPORT No. 195-77.(Gendler, NY 5)..

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. "A Scientist in the White House" by George Kistiakovsky was reviewed in BOOKS, JOURNALS AND IDEAS No. 113 (Navrozov, NY 9).

2. Musical Life in the United States’was the topic of AMERICA - Ł DEEDS AND PEOPLE No.35 (Navrozov, NY 8), which focused on music schools in the US.

3. The Film "Providence" by Alain Renais was reviewed in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Litvinov, P 9:30).

PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, Roitman and Vardi, M 8) consisted o 2\-1 (Henkin and Roitman, M 5:30) and B-1 (Vardi, M 2:30).

Please note: Lessons of the February and October Revolutions. RUSSIA YESTER- DAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW No.699 (Koryakov, NY 13:30) was broadcast in place of item D-1 of the Russian DBP No. 71 of March 24.

gk/MB 5 -

NEWS COVERAGE of ’All RFE,BDs and RL/NS carried -these stories in their newscasts April 4: The, U.S. State Department confirms ’that the Kremlin .was not given details of American arms proposals before Cyrus Vance’s visit. in Pyotr Grigorenko has criticized Leonid Brezhnev for joining attacks on. dissidents. Ł Some 100 people are feared dead in the crash of a jetliner on a -town in the American state of. Georgia. The. presidents of the U.S. and Egypt have held their first talks on the prospects of .pushing ahead toward a. Mid.dle East peace. has Cuban leader Fidel Castro’s monthŠlong tour of Africa culminated in a visit to Moscow.’ Wounded The East Germanpews agency ADN said that 55 seriously Angolan soldiers were flown into East Berlin for medical treatment. . Ł .Zaire severed diplomatic relations with Cuba. The former Congolese Defenpa minister, colonel Joachin Yhombi Opango, has taken over as head of state. leftists and New fighting is reported.from. southern Lebanon where Palestinians are trying to retake positions from Christians. of Swedish police have detained four more people suspected links with a terrorist gang alleged to have planned a political kidnapping. Ł arrived Palestine Liberation’rorganization leader Yasser Arafat in oscow for talks. to have Last Friday’s tornado in Bangladesh is now reported killed at least 748 people and injured another 7,000, RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 81

- (A summary of the news coverage by the Russian the DBA.) language programming appears at the end of

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 81 for Tuesday, 5 April 1977 J. Vale

SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, were discussed in 1. The Results of Vance’s Trip to Moscow Bensi, M 9:30). The Washing- PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, Rahr, Vardi and of Carter’s SALT pro- ton Star commented on the Soviet rejection side did everything posals, citing Brzezinski that the American problem which would be possible to formulate a resolution of the the statement made by fair to both sides. The paper challenged has changed since Gromyko at a press conference that nothing that if a new SALT Vladivostok. The New York Times cautioned several years, it may be agreement is not concluded in the next development of technology. too late from the point of view of the about the wide support The Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq wrote and the American people. Carter enjoys among Democratic Congressmen would consider the failure The Resto del Carlino opined that Carter lesser evil than the signing of to conclude a new SALT agreement a wrote it is.necessarY that both an ineffective agreement. L’Unita the condition for a con- sides review their positions and that mutual desistance from structive Soviet -American dialogue is attempts to attain nuclear superiority.

and American-Soviet The American press on the SALT negotiations No.196-77 (Davydov, NY relations Thtire reviewed in NEW YORK REPORT York Times, The Baltimore Sun, 5) which cited articles in The New commenting on the Soviet Union’s and The Christian Science Monitor Several articles expressed rejection of Carter’s SALT proposals. may be experiencing a the fear that Soviet -American relations since the Cuban crisis cooling-off which has not been equalled connection between the Soviet in 1962. Others noted the probable Carter’s proposals, and the Union’s cold reception of Vance and rights policy. An article in American President’s outspoken human whether Carter’s outspoken- The Baltimore Sun was excerpted asking countries of the world and lead ness might not be emulated by other abroad. to an increase of American prestige -2-

ANALYSIS (Matusevich, 2. The Soviet Union and Northern Europe. Council. It was M 6) was pegged to a meeting of the Northern NATO exer- noted that Finland criticized Norway for allowing the West German cises on Łits territory and for cooperation with fear of Soviet armed forces. This was attributed to Finland’s Scandinavian soil disapproval over the presence of NATO troops on -Finnish treaty of in connection with a provision in the Soviet aggression by Germany. _1948 calling for mutual protection against expressing the mood An article from the Aftenposten was cited as the importance of the of the majority of Norwegians, emphasizing the Soviet Union preservation of the Northern balance and warning means of weakening against any attempt to destroy this balance by and their NATO allies. the ties between Scandinavian countries

NOTE (Rahr, M 5:30) re- 3. The Soviet Union, Cuba and Africa. tours of Podgorny marked that the recently completed African opined that the USSR and Castro ended in Moscow. The program between Mozambique, and Cuba would like to exploit the tension well as the strife Zambia, Tanzania,_Botswana and Rhodesia,.as movement in Eritrea between Angola and Zaire, and the insurgent policy of the Soviet on the Somalian border of Ethiopia. The reviewed. Union and Cuba in these struggles was

Soviet Union was the 4. The Role of National History in the .NY 8). The subject ofEQU’ALS AMONG EQUALS No.39 (Silnitsky, of the Soviet nations’ new. Soviet slogan "fight the idealization was discussed, noting national history and national traditions" or suppression -of ’the role of historians in the formulation national consciousness.

in a report by Reforms in Soviet Industry were discussed 5. Cambridge, excerpted Prof. Alec Nov at a recent conference at No.56 (Glasenapp, M 9). in PROBLEMS OF gOCIETY AND ECONOMICS

ANALYSIS (Henkin, M 6) 6. Secret Diplomacy was the topic of American method of con- which contrasted the openness of the which characterizes ducting foreign affairs and the secrecy between James Reston and the Soviet approach. A discussion Times ,was cited to George Kennan, excerpted in The New York this effect.

Life and Unusual Adventures 7. Vladimir Voinovich’s Book "The into English, LONDON Soldier Ivan Chonkin" was translated of Sunday Times was cited REPORT (Finkelstein, L 5) noted. The of comic litera- referring to the work as a small masterpiece The Inspector General ture, combining the satire of Gogol’s with contemporary abstract humor. 3

8. The Legal Situation of the Worker in the Soviet Union was the subject of lectures by Valery Chalidze, published by the Khronika Press, which continued to be excerpted in PROBLEMS OF LABOR AND DEMOCRACY No.100 (Belotserkovsky, M 9) which discussed the role of strikes in the Soviet economy.

9. The Creation of a CSCE Monitoring Group in Armenia was discussed in TALK (Nadirashvili and Oganessian, M 10), which focused on human rights violations in Armenia.

10. A Soviet Press Campaign on the Importance of Domestic Traits in Women was contrasted with the striving of Western women forŁ economic independence and for freedom from the drudgery of being a housewife in CONTEMPORARY WOMAN No.25 (Gordin, M 9).

11. Soviet Science. THE SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE No.101 Nardi and Orlova, M 9) discussed reasons for the retardation in the development of the peaceful branches of Soviet science, noting the difficulty for Soviet scientists to obtain the latest information on their fields due to the banning of many Western scientific publications in the Soviet Union.

12. Okudzhava’s "Without a Name"and "Georgian" were featured in THEY SING No.522 (Mitina, M 4:30).

13. A Paris Production of "Uncle Vanva" by Chekhov was reviewed in WITH THE EYES OF THE CRITIC AND SPECTATOR No. 6 (Igoshina, P 9).

14. Yuri Annekov, an artist with ties to Russian futurism, was the subject of reminiscences in MEETINGS No.96 (Bakharakh, P10).

15. "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" by Avtorkhanov continued to be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Kunta, M 22).

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS: none

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. American Foreign Relations were discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 197-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), which focused on the close relations between the United States and Japan, noting the recent consultations between the two governments in Washington. American Asian policies were reviewed, making special reference to the contro- versial question of the withdrawal of American troops from South Korea. 2. Israeli Internal Politics were discussed in TEL AVIV REPORT No. 16094 (Perelman, Isr 5:30), which was pegged to Dayan’s ulti- matum on territorial concessions.

3. Spain. ANALYSIS (Bensi, M 5:30) discussed the process of democratization in Spain during the period preceding the free elections to take place in June.

4. Sadat’s Interview in "Le Monde" was excerpted in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5).

5. India. LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30) discussed the implications of the overwhelming defeat of Gandhi in the Indian elections. An article in The Economist was cited pointing out that the results of the Indian election disproves the theory that the democratic order is not favorable for developing countries. Ł 6. The Arrest of German Terrorists in Sweden was discussed in BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 5).

- 7. Life in Great Britain was the subject of RADIO JOURNAL: ABROAD (Floyd and Kuznetsov, L 16) which discussed the role of the monarchy in British life.

D. SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Musical Life in the United States continued to be discussed in AMERICA : DEEDS AND PEOPLE No.36 (Navrozov, NY 8:30) which focused on the professional prospects for soloists. Ł

PRESS REVIEW consisted of 2-1 (Henkin, Rahr, Vardi and Bensi, M 9:30).

gk/MB Wip ŁŁ . Ł - 5 - NEWS COVERAGE Ł stories in their newscasts of All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these April 5: there appears to be a Soviet party leader Brezhnev has said toward limiting arms. good basis for practical steps been told no citizen can be The Czechoslovak parliament has prosecuted for his convictions. of a possible election Spain’s opposition parties have warned legalized. boycott if the Communsts aren’t has discussed human rights and A U.S. State Department official .reductions in foreign aid. ŁŁ Ł f , southern Lebanon. There has been more fig4ting in _ . . described his talks with Egypt’s U.S. President Carter has Anwar Sadat as very useful.

to sign an exchanges agreement. The U.S. and Hungary are expected 4 Ł ’ . voted earthquake aid The-U.S. House of Representatives has for Romania. in official harassment French group has bharged a step-up A , of Romanian human rights advocates.

said that western radio stations The Italian icommunist newspaper Liberty and the Voice of America like Radio Free Europe, Radio technical standards.’ halm high journalistic and Soviet Union over some fishing The U.S. has protested to the violations. the two sides at the Wide gaps have been reported between Cyprus talks. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO.. 82

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 82 for Wednesday, 6 April 1977 J. Vale Ł CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND in 1. The Results of Vanc&s_ Trip to Moscow were discussed journal Ł PRESS REVIEW (Rahr and yardi, M 6). The Wall Street in the opined that the Soviet Union rejected Carter’s -proposals for the hope that his next proposals. would. be more, favorable his Soviet Union. The Łpaper- recommended- that Carter-stickŁto people would original proposals and emphasized that the American only in- show him full support. The Chicao. Tribune wrote that success. The Ł sistence upon its -positions will lead America to country Washington Post noted the support for Carter from the criticism, and from abroad. The New York. Times discussed the that the voiced against. Carter’s open diplomacy, .and explained ofsdiplo- Soviet propaganda organs’ irritation over this style of macy stems from their being deprived .of the possibility what trans- offering an explanation’ favorableto themselves of -con- pired behind the closed doors- of traditional diplomatic ferences. .

disarma- Possible reasong.for the lack of success in the Moscow K-154 ment negotiations were offered in WASHINGTON REPORT being’ (Orshansky, W 6:30), which discussed anew hypothesis was suggested forwarded by the American media on this theme. It proposals that that Carter made an error in judgment by Making the bounds are too far -reaching -and cOmprehensive, surpassing pointed out defined by the Vladivostok formula- The program it was too.early that because of the sensitivity of the matter, Carter’s proposed to expect a quick and positive appraisal of made in the steps on the part of the USSR, even if they were name of’ preventing a general nuclear catastrophe. The tendencies in American public opinion atter the ’Moscow negotiations were discussed in. NEW YORK REPORT No. 199-77 (Davydov, NY 5). One group supports disarmament at all costs, tacitly criticizing Carter’s human rights policy in that it could harm arms limitation negotiations. The other group is comprised of those advocating an increase in American defense efforts.

2. Soviet Foreign Trade. EVERYDAY PROBLEMS OF SOVIET ECONOMICS No.64 (Chianurov, M 4:30) analyzed a recently published Soviet report on tendencies in Soviet foreign trade during the last several years entitled Vneshnvava Torqovlva SSSR v 1975 Godu, using RL research paper RS 63/77 of March 21.

3. A Visit of Soviet Officers to England was noted to have been met by demonstrations in support of Soviet dissidents in LONDON REPORT (Finkelstein, L 2).

4. The Soviet Anti -Religious Propaganda of the 1920s was re- ’called in DID YOU NOTICE? No.16 (Pylaev, M 9), which pointed out that this propaganda was in full force during the years when the Soviet press hailed the successes of the first five- year plans.

5. DOCUMENTS OF OUR TIMES No. 99 (Zheludkov and Henkina, M 30:30) featured religious samizdat by Father Sergei Zheludkov published in the Vestnik Russkoqo Khristianskoqo Dvizheniva.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Human Rights in Eastern Europe. PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, M 5:30) cited an article in the Sueddeutsche Zeitunq discussing the re- Ł port on the state of FRG-GDR relations, and noting numerous GDR violations of inter -German agreements. The International Herald Tribune reported on the situation resulting from the publishing of Five Days in June abroad, a book by East German author Heym. Die Welt discussed the fate of East German philo- logist Prof. Helmut Nietzsche, who sent an appeal to Carter, describing East German human rights violations. The Frankfurter Rundschau noted a Romanian campaign making emigration to the West more difficult. PG Ł

Human rights in Czechoslovakia. NOTE (Matusevich, M 4) reported the recent official statement on the observance of human rights in Czechoslovakia during a plenary session of both houses of the Czechoslovak Federal Assembly. This was juxtaposed against a report in the Aftenposten about the persecution of Jan Urban, Ła provincial Czech teacher, for refusing to sign a condemnation of the Charter 77 signatories.

YORK 2. The Economic Situation in China was discussed in NEW REPORT No.161-77 (Shilaev, NY 3:3.0), pegged to the unusual ad- mittance of economic difficulties by the Chinese media.

3. General Characteristics of Socialist Countries. FOR YOUR Ł FREEDOM AND FOR OURS No.42 (Silnitskaya, NY 13) focused on the views of French journalist Giles Martine on the characteristics comparison of social systems which consider themselves socialist in with the theoretical social and economic systems advanced by abstract socialism.

4. Howard Fast’s "The Naked God: the Writer and the Communist Party" was excerpted in WE ABROAD No. 51 (Rozanova and Nekrasov, P 29:30). This book describes the motivation for the writer’s withdrawal from the CP.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ND ECONOMIC TOPICS: S

1. Franco-American Relations Were discussed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 6:30), using an article in The International Herald Tribune on the .dissatisfactionof Giscard Over dis- Ł cussions held between representatives of the’American:Embassy and Jean Kanapa, a leading member of the. French CP. It was pointed out that, according to the source, the. French Presi- dent’s dissatisfaction focused on the way the French CP utilized the meeting to bolster’its prestige for.the upcoming parliamentary elections.Ł

2. Sadat’s Visit to the United States was the topic of WASHING- TON REPORT. No.868 .(Savemark, W.6:30),. which pointed out that ’ and this repreents the first personal contaCt between Carter a leader of an Arab country. The visit is. an important step. in the efforts of the Carter.administration to secure. the renewal of the Geneva Middle East conference. -4-

3. India. NEW YORK REPORT (Shilaev, NY 5) ,discussed the composition of the new Indian government and possible resulting changes in Indian foreign policy. The program cited prevalent public opinion that Desai’s government will be more careful and restrained in its relations with the Soviet Union than Gandhi’s,: In this connection, it was, noted that China interpreted the latter’s defeat as a Soviet defeat which would re - suit in the weakening of Soviet influence in South Asia.

4.- Genscher’s Interview in the ’.BonneeGeneralanzeiger" was excerpted and discussed in BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 4). ’ Ł Genscher discussed the importance of pursuing a "teal detente" policy. .

5. The Human Rights Movement was discussed as the public and political expression of humanism in the contemporary world in HUMANISM AND MODERN TIMES No.27 (Aksenov, NY 9). Ł

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Changing Climate of the Earth was discussed in TOMORROW OF THE PLANET E2’RTH’No.205 (Patrushev, M 9).

PRESS REVIEW (Rahr and Vardi, 11:30) consisted of A-1 (Rahr and Vardi, M 6) and B-1 (Rahr, M 5:30).

gk/ mg - 5 -

NEWS COVERAGE stories in their newscasts o All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these A)ril 6: important for the Secretary of State Cyrus Vance has said it’s with the boviet U.S. to remain patient in SALT negotiations

Union. Ł doesn’t believe Secretary-General Kurt Wadheim says he U.N. to get.a SALT detente has been halted by the recent failure agreement. engineering the invasion China has accused the Soviet Union of of Zaire. says it would be leading Yugoslav communist Party official A main issue at the completely wrong to make Human bights the

Helsinki follow-up conference in Belgrade. a visit to Washington. Egyptian President Anwar Sadat has ended the chairman Foreign’Minister Andrei Gromyko today met Soviet Yasser Arafat, in of the Palestine Liberation organization, Moscow. Greek-Cypriot -Cypriots today rejected the llatest Turkish Cyprus. proposals for a future government for on the fighting in Top-level meetings in Beirut have centered southern Lebanon. to a 20 million U.S. Congress has given final approval The Romania. dollar earthquake aid package for was. signedtoday. A U.S.-Hungarian cultural agreement Brezhnev held more talks Soviet party General ’Secretary Leonid Fidel Castro. Ł in the Kremlin today with uban leader will meet the ambassadors of. South African Prime minister Vorster five leading western countries tomorrow. West European has warned its ability to work with The U.S. come to power. governments might be impaired if communists government economic Italian parliament today approved.a * The the International package designed to clinch a loan from Monetary Fund.

*) RL/NS did not use this item, RADIO LIBERTY_DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 83

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- Ł language programming. appears at:the end of the DBA.)Ł

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 83 for Thursday, 7 April 1977 Ł J. Vale

A’. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Vande’s Mission to Moscow was the .topic of WASHINGTON REPORT (Orshansky, W 6), which noted the 100 -per cent support accorded Carter regarding his human rights and. disarmament policies in a survey conducted by Washingtonradio-stationWRC. Recent statements by Senators Pell. and Church, and. Kissinger .and Vance were referred to.

Vance’s negotiations in Moscow were also discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, M 4:30). The New York Times wrote that if the negotiations were a failure, it was not the fault of Carter’s policies, but rather of the propagandistic. considerations of.the participants. The Baltimore Sun noted that the Soviet Union was especially irritated by the endorsement of Carter’s policies on human rights and disarmaments by so-called progressive societies. The paper added that, were the proposals of the American President to be. accepted by the Soviet leadership, it. could signify the beginning of An epoch of American-Soviet cooperation in the interests of both the. Soviet Union .and the ’United States as well as in the interests of the entire world..

Senator Jackson’s support of Carter’s disarmament proposals and his comments on Carter’s manner of conducting negotiations were discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT (Beloborodov, W 5:30). It was pointed out that Jackson’s support is especially significant because he is chairman of the Senate subcommittee on armament control. An article in Novove Vremva on Soviet -American relations was analyzed in NOTE (Roitman, M 6). It, was pointed out that this was the first official Soviet publication which drew a direct connection between the lack of success in the recent Moscow negotiations and Carter’s outspoken human rights policy.

2. Soviet and Cuban African Policies. PRESS REVIEW (Roitman, Henkin and Vardi, M’5) was pegged to the trips of Pod4orny and Castro to Africa, and to the presence of Castro and Arafat in MOSCOW. Le Figaro opined that the simultaneous visits of. Castro and Arafat to Moscow are no coincidence and are indicative of Soviet interest in African and Middle East developments. Le Quotidien de Paris noted that the Soviet Union could utilize Cuban prestige in Africa. The US News and World Report wrote that the clear aim of both Podgorny’s and Castro’s visits was to demonstrate the support of the Soviet Union and Cuba for Ł those countries and partisan movements which oppose Rhodesia and the South African Republic. The Christian Science Monitor cautioned against overestimating the threat of Soviet influence in Africa, pointing out that the African governments are seeking to utilize Soviet and Cuban aid. The Washington Post opined that Podgorny’s visit to Africa was successful insofar as it reaffirmed Soviet influence in Africa.

Soviet African policies were the subject of articles in The Christian Science Monitor (David Willis) and in The New York Times (David Shipler), discussed in NEW YORK REPORT (Davydov, NY 4).

3. Dissidents. SAMIZDAT REVIEW No.285 (Schlippe, M 18) featured information on the misuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, making special reference to the case of Yuri Belov; on Christian samizdat; and a story by Liza Vins about events of last year’s Easter night. Ł

The expulsion of Lev Kopelev and Vladimir Kornilov from the Soviet Writers’ Union was reported in ANALYSIS (Matusevich, M 5:30). It was noted, Łin this connection, that Kornilov had protested the expulsion of Voinovich from the Writers’ Union.

The persecution Of belivers in the Soviet Union was discussed in RELIGION IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD No.. 275 (Bourdeaux, P 9) which focused on the case dE11eksandr Argentov.

DOCUMENTS OF .OUR TIMES No. 100 (Henkin and Zheludkov, M 27) continued the presentation of religious samizdat by Father Zheludkov, published in the Vestnik-Russkogo Khristianskogo Dvizhenva.

o’ -3-

4. Prof. Alexander Bogolepov and Vladimir. Voytinsky Reminisce About the February and October Revolutions in RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW No. 701 (KOryakov, NY 13:30).

5. Shmelev’s"Summers of the Lord" began to be read in SPECIAL FEATURE (Henkina, M 27).

6. The Reception of Poetess Bella Akhmadulina and Songwriter Vladimir Vysotsky by the French Public was a topic of CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gladilin, P 5:30).

COUNTRIES: Ł B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST 1. Human Rights in Czechoslovakia. SPECIAL BROADCAST (Matu- sevich and Pilyar, M 11) dealt with the plenary session of both houses of the Czechoslovak Federal Assembly, during which it was officially declared that human rights are fully observed in that country. ’This official proclamation was contrasted with Western reports on human rights violations in Czechoslovakia.

2. An Official Visit of a Yugoslav Communist Delegation to Great Britain at the invitation of the British Labour Party was discussed in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5). Dolanc, who headed the delegation, was noted to have reiterated the Yugo- slav position that the upcoming CSCE conference in Belgrade should not center on the problem of human rights, lest the meeting become a forum for mutual accusations.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

The Completion of President Sadat’s Visit to the United States was noted in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 869 (Savemark, W 6:30), which cited from Sadat’s press conference held before Sadat left the American capital. It was pointed out that there continues to be disagreement on a number of central questions dealing with the normalization of Israeli-Arab relations. However, many of the foreign correspondents present at the conference expressed the opinion that Sadat appears to be moving towards the points of view insisted upon by President Carter.

2. Carter’s Middle East Policies were reviewed in ON DIFFERENT TOPICS No. 185 (Perakh, Isr. 9). French Parliament 3. The Opening of the Spring Session of the (Salkazanova, and Council of Ministers was noted in PARIS,REPORT P 4).

(Chianurov, M 8) dis- 4., Peru. ON DIFFERENT TOPICS No. 186 by leftist cussed the results of almost nine years of rule and political generals, who introduced a number of economic reforms in Peru.

continued to be dis- 5. City Government in the United States (Navrozov, NY 9:30). cussed in AMERICA - DEEDS PND PEOPLE No. 39

were discussed in 6. Human Rights and Ideological Battle focused on the SOVIET NOTES No. 695 (Rudolf, NY 4:30), which

role of human rights in international relations.

TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC COUNTRIES:

reviewed in SCIENCE 1. The History of the Space Shuttle was AND TECHNOLOGY No.35 (Muslin, NY 13:30).

of reminiscences 2. The Art of Courbet and Corot were subject in WEIDLE’S TALK No. 338 (Weidle, P 9). Dante’s"Inferno" were 3. Bernard Buffet’s Illustrations for (Litvinov, P 5:30). discussed in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE

reviewed in ON THE STAGES 0 4. The American MusiCal "Chicago" was OF NEW YORK No. 14 (Gabai, NY 6:30).

M 9:30) consisted of PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, Roitman and Henkin, Henkin and Vardi, M 5). A-1 (Vardi, M 4:30) and A-2 (Roitman,

gk/mB -5-

NEWS COVERAGE of All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in their newscasts April 7: of an Israeli Prime minister Yitzhak Rabin has resigned because investigation into illegal bank accounts he kept in the U.S.

West Germany’s Prosecutor-General has seen assassinated.

U.S. president Jimmy Carter has taken another step to halt the spread of nuclear weapons. of Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin has met U.S. Secretary State Cyrus Vance to talk about SALT and other issues. tough human rights The U.S. House of Representatives has passed a to an international aid bill. amendment Ł communist’ Party Palestinian lender Yasser Arafat has met.Soviet General secretary Leonid Brezhnev.

and leftist Moslems.-- backed by pro -Syrian Palestinians in guerrillas -- are reported making progress in fighting southern Lebanon. talks in Greek and, Turkish Cypriot negotiators have ended Vienna without agreement on the island’s future. Ł tonight it British Conservative leader Thatcher said in Peking would be wrong to neglect the reality .of Soviet power. at least An earthquake which hit Iran last night has claimed 36 lives. .to Indian, government’ is setting up a. special commission Ł The Gandhi’s investigate, alleged abuses of power during. Indira emergency rule. five-day Delegates from non-aligned countries today opened a conference in New Dehli. loan from the * Italy has formally asked for a 530-million-dollar IMF. African Premier John Vorster says he’s willing to South government. ’discuss Solutions to the Namibian problem with any *) The Romanian BD did not use this -item. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 84

(A summary of the news coverage.by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.).

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 84. for Friday and’Saturday, 8 and 9 April 1.977 Roy Delon

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The Belgrade Conference. PRESS REVIEW No. 2 (K. Chenkin, M 1) of April 8 transmitted the views expressed by Le Soir concerning the defense of human rights at the forthcoming Belgrade conference and pointed out that the new US policy concerning human rights is causing uneasiness among the strategists of the major Western powers. Some people tend to advocate extreme caution in order not to turn the Belgrade Conference into some sort of a tribunal before which the USSR would be the main defendant.

2. Human Rights and the US participation in the activities of ’ international monetary organizations were reported on WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENCE No. 156 (B. Orshansky, W 6) of April 8. The program discussed the support given Carter in both chambers of the US Congress.

The right to subject the social order to criticism was explored on WRITERS CONCERNING DISSENT (N. Gorchakov, M 9) of April 9. The program asserted the right of every person to monitor the path taken by his country and to criticize decisions by his government. The program quoted from Morchadze’s samizdat article The Chronicle of Conscience.

The continuation of the struggle for respect of human rights and civil liberties was traced by using Soviet official news media and the writings of dissidents on WEEKLY JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belotserkovsky, M 7) of April 9. The professor of mathematics NaUM Meiman’s letter describing his dealings with the militia employees of 24 December 1976 just’ received in the West was.sub-titied.OLe Day in the Life of Refusenik Naum Meiman and transmitted on JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 208 (L. Roitman and zukerman, M and’.NY 5:30) of April 8.

3. The Session of the Supreme Soviet of.K61Rhoz Members. and the paradoxes of the Soviet agriculture Were discussed on RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (Maistrenko, M 7) of April 9.

4. V. Bukovsky’s Conference at Radio Liberty on. April 5, 1977 was featured on SPECIAL PROGRAM (7. Bukbvsky and 7..Vinogradov, M 20) of April 9. The program transmitted the introductory remarks by Radio Liberty Director Ronalds and Bukovsky’s replies given to questions.posed.by staff members of RFE-and RL ’concerning the views of Soviet citizens on the Czechoslovak events of 1968 Ai lir and ’Bukovsky’s meeting with Carter. Bukovsky also expressed his own personal views and. the Navas of Soviet,listenets.on the broad- the casts by RL.. Voice clips were used extensively to reflect general, atmosphere of the conference.

Europe by 5. Repeated Attacks on Radio Liberty and Radio Free Brezhnev were cited by*The Washington Post reported PRESS REVIEW No. 2 (K. Chenkin, M 1) of April 8, but Carter has given these stations his decisive support.

6." From Revolution to Revolution: Events in April 1.917 and Lenin’s Arrival in Petrograd ’was the sub-title of a retrospective feature TURNING TO HISTORY No. 8 (V. Lavrov, M 28) of April 9. The program dealt with events of .60 years ago, when "all roads Russia, led to Petrograd" and political emigres were returning to Lenin among them. What was being said and what was happening politically was recalled by the author of the program. Ł in 7. A Discussion Among Western Sovietologists was presented SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN TCTALITARIAN COUNTRIES No. 38 (M. Agursky, Isr. 9) of April 9. The program reviewed the substance of dis-

cussions 1D-tween Prof: Seaton -Watson, Prof. William E. Griffith, the late Tibor Szamuely and Prof. Alec Nove. The discussion articles are still topical today, for they deal with such questions dis- as whether communism is monolithic or is now in a state of com- integration. Prof. Nove pointed out that the unity of the munist movement has evaporated a long time ago, with the monolithic character of the CPSU itself being a mere facade for Griffith diverse groups having diverse interests. Prof. William not ideo- joined Nove in the vie’.- that the USSR and China persue -Watson logical but great power Objectives. Finally, Prof. Seaton Marxist stressed that the free world is not threatened so much by doctrine as by the well -disciplined communist political apparatus. 3

8. Samizdat., DOCUMENTS OF OUR TIMES No. 102 (I. Chenkina, M 25) of April 9 reviewed an article published in the Paris journal Herald of the Russian Christian Movement by an anonymous Leningrad author E.M. at the end of 1973. The article is devoted to Bulgakov’s Master and Margarita and the program dealt with the key to the understanding of the mystery ofsresurrection.

9. Economic Reform. ECONOMISTS ON THE SOVIET ECONOMY No. 119 (J. Chianurov, M 8:30) of April 9 examined the prospects of reforming the administration of the Soviet economy -along the lines indicated in Academician Fedorenko’s recent Pravda article.

10." Soviet Alcoholism,"Part 2, was the sub-title of ANPTOLI KUZNETSOV’s TALK No. 175 (A. Kuznetsov, L 13:30) of April 8. The program was pegged to statistical data in ’a Nauha i Zhizn No 10 (1976) article which dealt with alcohol abuse in the US. The program examined the same problem in the USSR, where no exact data are available and alcoholism is rampant.

11. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 208 (L. Roitman and Tsukerman, M and NY 16:30) of April 8 on the US public figures’ Passover greetings extended to Jews living in the USSR.

12. "Komsomolskaya Pravda’s"Report on Hunger, Illegality and Misery" in Chile was analyzed and a visual misrepresentation in a photograph showing poverty-stricken boys was pointed out in FROM EVERYDAY LIFE No. 58 (I. Glasenapp, M 4:30) of ipril 8. The program also reviewed Agatov’s article in Komsomolskaya Pravda to cite the comfortable wages and pensions paid to West German employees.

13. Dissidents and Soviet Literature:"Men in Disgrace." The- :ecent expulsion of Lev Kopelev. and Vladimir Kornilov from the Writers’ Union was discussed in the light of prior expulsions of writers of such stature as Zoshchenko, Akhmatova, Solzhenitsyn, Galich, Maksimov, Chukovskaya and Voinovich on TNTLYSIS (V. Matusevich, M 5) of April 8.

The foregoing theme was further elucidated Łon RTDIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Matusevich, M 7) of Ppril 9.

Literature of Moral Resistance, Part 45, the Execution of Issak Babel and Others recalled the destructive influence of state literary controls on the creativity of the best writers on CULTURE, EVENTS, PEOPLE (Svirsky, M 13:30) of Ppril 8.

The memory of poetess Tatyana Gnedich was honored by citing here poetry on "Poet About Poetry" No. 138 which was transmitted on CULTURE,. EVENTS, PEOPLE (Betaki, M 12) of April 8. 14. Vance’s Mission to Moscow and the post-visit discussions and aftermath in the US on WORLD TODAY (B. Orshansky, kY 4) of April 9.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST PFFAIRS:

1. Human Rights. The mass news media of the socialist bloc have opened up a broad campaign against the defenders of democratic liberties according to the Basler Zeitunq PRESS REVIEW No. 2 (K. Chenkin, M 2) of April 8 reported.

2. The Struggle of the Polish Catholic Church to Protest Its Rights was discussed on EAST EUROPEPN CHRONICLE No. 172 (B. Pusta, Mu) of April 8 in terms of the church’s adherence to the-basic Christian principle of siding with the weak ,And oppressed. The program was pegged to the workers’ protests in Ł 1976 against food price hikes and Polish Episcopate’s letters to the CP leadership critical of government’s counter-measures.

C. IN’TERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Sadat’s Diplomacy and Arafat’s Visit to Moscow According to TASS and Western Press Coverage was analyzed on PRESS REVIEW No. 1 (K. Chenkin, M 5) of April 8 by contrasting TPSS’ reportage with corments by Le Figaro and The Baltimore Sun. The Soviet news agency reported that Sadat "has accepted the US- Israeli plan for regulating the Middle East." The French paner pointed out that the Kremlin is using the simultaneous presence of Arafat and Castro to link the Palestinian problem with that of South Africa. The US paper examined the complicated problem of American arms deliveries to Egypt in response to Soviet arms supplies to Libya and Ethiopia. Al Ahram viewed Sadat’s visit Ł to the FRG, France, and the US as being connected with the diplomatic pressure which is being excerted on Israel. The Daily Telegraph examined Arafat’s visit to Moscow as a sign of an intensification of Soviet activities in the Middle East.

Sadat’s Washington visit was also analyzed on WASHINGTON CORRES- PONDENCE No. 872 (L. Savemark, VI 5) of Ppril 8 against the background of US talks with Rabin, Pssaa and Hussein. Cater hopes to achieve a general concensus in the interests of success of the Geneva conference on the Middle East.

2. The US -French Exchange of Views concerning contacts between representatives of the US Embassy in Paris and some leaders of the French CP was reported on the basis of coverage in Le Monde. PRESS REVIEW No. 2 (K. Chenkin, M 1) of Ppril 8 cited the French paper’s analysis, which attributes this exchange of views to Carter’s commitment to the defense of democratic freedom. Ł

3. The Murder of Prosecutor -General Buback and the political motivations of the West German, terrorist groups were covered on ’WORLD THIS WEEK (O. Krassovsky, M 4) of April 9.

4. The French National Assembly’s tempestuous session occasioned by attacks on the government not only by the opposition Socialists and Communists, but also by the Gaullists, Independent Republicans, and others was reported on WORLD THIS WEEK (F. Salkazanova, P 4) of April 9.

5. US Labor Unions and the New Administration. The pro and contra of anti-trust actions against the US labor unions were explored on AMERICA : ISSUES AND PERSONALITIES No. 14 (Navrozov, M 11:30) of April 8 by comparing the views of advocates and opponents of controls of unions’ activities.

Carter’s first differences with the US labor unions were discussed on WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENCE No. 157 (B. Orshansky, W 5:30) of April 8 by explaining the grounds for the AFL-CIO’s sharp criticism of the actions taken by the new administration in the sector of labor, labor relations, and import regulations.

6. FRENCH AGRICULTURE No. 9 (Muravin, P 9) o2 April 8 featured a second talk with the president of the agricultural syndicate of France, M. Debatisse, who told listeners about the struggles within the syndicate and in the French parliament following the return of de Gaulle to power.) t that time the older members of the syndicate hoped that de Gaulle would introduce a so-called "iron law" similar to the one adopted in the FRG in order to guarantee a level of income equal to that of other sections of the French population.

7. Rabin’s Resignation and the circumstances under which he stepped down were reported on WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Perelman, Isr 4 and L. Predtechevsky, M 4) of April 9.

8. Carter’Submits a New Food Stamps Plan to the US Congress. WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENCE No. 870 (L. Savemark, W 6) of April 8 presented a brief history of the federal law, cited the broadening of government-supported sales of agricultural products in 1964 and presented an illustration of the food which low-income families can obtain in the US compared with the USSR.

9. Spanish CP Jurists Meet to Examine Criticism of Secretary- General Carrillo. MADRID CORRESPONDENCE (V. Tolstikov, M 4) of April 8 reported the content of the document accusing Carrillo of failing to keep in step with the spirit of the times and of engaging in inner -party dictatorial rule under the disguise of "socialist centralism." 6

10. Elections to the European Parliament and the role played by the European Commission was detailed on LONDON CORRESPONDENCE (V. Czugunov, 1 6) of April 8 in connection with the British domestic discussion on the subject. The program cxplained the reasons why the prepatory steps toward increased European political integration is causing friction in Great Britain.

11. Conservative Party Leader Margaret Thatcher’s China Visit was reported on by LONDON CORRESPONDENCE (V. Czugunov, L 2:30) of April 8 within the context of her tour of Asia and her growing concern with the increasing military might of the USSR.

12. China and the US. PEKING AND ITS POLICY No. 414 (E. Shilaeff, NY 9) of April 9 informed listeners about the contents of A. Doak Barnett’s article in Foreign Affairs "Vilitary Security Relations Between China and the United States" Part 2. Barnett observed that no military agreement exists between the two countries, and no talks concerning such an agree- Ł ment have taken place. He does not rule out the possibility of a future conflict between them.

13. China and Taiwan Aim at Increasing Their Armed Forces reported NEW YORK CORRESPONDENCE No. 2,06-77 (E. Shilaeff, NY 5) of April 8 by ’ summarizing an article by the military observer of The New York Times, Drew Middleton, who commented on the re-organization of the Peoples Liberation 13,7my of China which aims at centralization of command. The Irogram also summarized the Łviews e>.?ressed by F. Butterfield reporting from Taiwan for the same paper, who emphasized that country’s dependence on US arms ’supplies.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Conclusion of Jewish Passover and the Commencement of Orthodox Easter were noted on TOPIC OF DISCUSSION No. 39 (E. Gordina, et al, M 29) of April 9. The program included significant excerpts from CULTURE, EVENTS, PEOPLE; RETURNING TO HISTORY; FROM THE OTHER SHORE; and other programs transmitted earlier.

2. The Legend of the Grand Inquisitor was the title of the Russian philosopher S. Frank’s article published in the Catholic journal Hochland (Munich) in 1933. SPECIAL PROGRAM (S. Frank, M 30) of April 9 noted that this article was published recently in issue No. 117 of the Herald of the Russian Christian Movement by Viktor Frank, the late son of the author, a long-time staff member of Radio Liberty. 7

3. Problems of Contemporary Christianity, Part 3 , was the sub- title of DOCUMENTS OF OUR TIMES No. 101 (S. 7.11eludkov, M 2930) of April 9, a program based on the writings of ’L’ather Zheludkov in the Herald of the Russian Christian Movement which dealt with the universality of Christianity.

4. *Easter was celebrated on SPECIAL PROGRAM (Mitina, M.13:30) . of April 43 by transmitting a message by I. Zlatoust and an excerpt from the little known story by Chekhov, Student.

Christ Has Arisen! proclaimed SUNDAY TALK No. 1041 (L. Shmeman, NY 9) of April 9.

5’. IN THE WORLD OF BOOKS No. 244(Bakhrakh, P 12) of April 8 reviewed Andre Malraux’s book published posthumously in France.

6. William James’ Philosophy of Consciousness Was the subject of PIATIGORSKY: PHILOSOPHY OF OUR TIMES No. 22 (P. Piatigorsky, M 13:30) of April B.

7. "What is NASA Deinq these Days?" asked SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TODAY No. 36 (E. Muslin, M 13:30) of April 9. Some of Albert Einstein’s theories can be verified by the flights of the "Viking" when it reaches the vicinity of the planet Mars.

8.. "Fiddler on the Roof" is a Broadway Hit commented.JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 208 -(L. Roitman and Zukerman, M . and NY 7:30) of April 8.

gk/SL 7 8 - ’NEWS COVERAGE

All RFF BDs and RUNS carried these stories in their newscasts of April 8: ’

A spokesman for T*esident,Carter today, voiabd continued optimism over prospects for reaching a new SALT agreement.

Israeli leadprs.conferred today on Pxime minister Rabin’s wish to relinquish‚office.

West Germany pays it Will go ahead.with.a deal to supply Brazil’ with a plant to produce,fueI.for nuclear ’power stations..

The. fighting gobs on in -southern LebanOn., Moscow visit ’.1 Palestinian leader Yasser. Arafat has. described his and talks with Soviet leaders as fruitful - and successful: Norocco.has sent troops to Zaire to help fight an invasion.

Pope Paul has led Good Friday observances in’ Rome.

Cuban leader Fidel Castro left Moscow’ for home toddy.

A.U.S. Senate committee has issued a warning.about,the.amount of money the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe owe to. the wsst. ’Soviet -Japanese talks continued in .Moscow today in an attempt to. break the dealock on a fisheries agreement..

’Ethiopia and Sudan .have quarreled at.the non-aligned meeting.

West German authorities are continuing their hunt.for the killers of the country’s prosecutor -general. Ł ’

An East German spac.p.:. expert predicts the first joint communist- manned space flight is being .planned for autumn next year. . NEWS COVERAGE

All-RFE BDa’and RUNS carried these. stories, in their newscast’s of April 9:

The Spanish government. has:legaliZedthe. Communist Party.

President Carter snya’he believes the Soviet leadership wants a new strategic arms accord just as’ much as be does. The Israeli Defense minister, Shimon.peres, has emerged as the likely to replace Premier Yitzhak Rabin.

Angola has warned foreign ’countries against Ł interfering in neighboringi Zaire whose government is trying to repel an .invasion. Ł Fierce fighting was reported again in southern Lebanon today.

Two emigre Polish dissidents say a statement attributed to them in a West German rightist newspaper last month is a forgery.

Pope Paul is taking part in symbolic Easter rites in the Vatican as Christians prepare to celebrate Easter.

The hunt for the killers 6D Siegfried Buback has switched to Sweden. George McGovern says he has been promised a meeting with Fidel Castro sometime this weekend to discuss U.S.-Cuban ties.

Britain’s Foreign secretary begins a southern Africa tour Ł tomorrow. Anti -government rioting has flared again in Pakistan. Chinese Vice -Premier Li Hsien-nien tonight paid tribute to British opposition leader Margaret Thatcher and other Europeans who speak out about the dangers of East-vbst detente.

Ł RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS,NO. 85

(A summary of’the news coverage by the Russian- language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 85 for Suhday and Monday, 10 and 11 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

Ł 1. Dissidents. ROUND TABLE TALK No. 271 (Krassoveky, Henkin, Katzas, Oganessian, Nadirashvili and Ruluny, M 29) of April upcoming 10 dealt with questions tied to the preparation for the Helsinki follow-Up conference in Belgrade. The discussion fo- in cussed on the activities of Soviet CSCE monitoring groups Moscow and in various republics of the Soviet Union.

A press conference with Bukovsky was featured in a SPECIAL BROADCAST (Bukovsky, M 20) of April 10. Bukovsky answered

the questions of journalists dealing with the human rights movements in the countries of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, his meeting with the American President and the activities of RFE/RL.

Newsweek’s Interview with Sakharov was excerpted and discussed

in HELSINKI AND HUMAN RIGHTS No. 62 (Dudin, NY 9) of April 10.

in Solzhenitsyn’s life in Vermont was the subject of an article Ł The Christian Science Monitor, featured in NEW YORK REPORT K-205-77Ł (Shilaev, NY 3:30) of April 11.

SING Galich’s "Lenochka on an April Night" was featured in THEY No. 523 (Mitina, ŁM 4:30) of April 11.

in 2. The Resumption of Soviet-American Negotiations next month Geneva was noted in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 871 (Savemark, W 3) of Dobrynin of April 11. Reference was made to Vance’s reception strategic to discuss the possibility of renewing discussion on arms limitation even before the upcoming Geneva talks.

Soviet-American disarmament negotiations were the topic of an

article in The Economist, featured in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5:30) of April 11.. 3. Living Conditions for Workers Constructing the Baikal -Amur Ł Maqistrale were discussed in NOTE (Vardi, M 5) of April 11, which cited articles from Nauka i Zhizn and Kruqozcir. It was pointed out that the settlements constructed for the workers did not Ł take climatic considerations into account which has resulted in serious hardship for the workers.

4. Soviet -Chinese Military Cooperation during the Stalin and post -Stalin periods was discussed in SIGNAL No. 415 (Predtechevs- ky, M 9) of April 10. It was pointed out that the Soviet Union is in part responsible for the growth in Chinese military might.

5. Soviet Production. DID YOU NOTICE? (Pylaev, M 9) of April 10, contrasted optimistic official GOSPLAN statistics with concrete facts on Soviet industrial production. Ł 6. The Models of Soviet Politics. RADIO SEMINAR No.402 (Koryakov, NY 13:30) of April 11 continued the discussion of Alain Besancon’s book A Short Treatise on Sovietoloqv, which discusses the two Soviet models of internal politics during the 60s - military communism and the NEP.

7. MAN ON THE PLANET EARTH No. 133 (Lobas, NY 13:30) of April 11 featured statistics on the past and present years harvests from Foreign Agriculture, a statement in the Soviet Red Book which deals with plant and animal forms of life becoming extinct, and an interview with Lobanov by the Novosti agency.

8. E.M.’s "Svet iii Pokov" on Bulqakov’s "The Master and Marguerite" published in Vestnik Russkogo‚Khristianskoqo Dvizheniva was featured in DOCUMENTS OF OUR TIMES No. 103 (ienkina, M27) of April 11. Ł 9. A Talk with Viktor Kudrin , a mathematician formerly of Akademgorod, was featured in GUEST OF THE WEEK No. 24 (Rudolf, NY 17:30) of April 10, in which he discussed life in Akadem- gorod, the situation of Soviet scientists, his reasons for emigration to the United States, and his plans for the future.

10. REVIEW OF THE FOREIGN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE PRESS No. 30 (Mitina, M’13:30) of April 11 featured an article by Kirill Pomerantsev entitled "Communism and Violence" published in Russkava Mvsl.

11. The Literary Works of Vladimir Krvlov were discussed in MEETINGS No. 97 (Bakhrakh, P 10) of.Ppril 11. ? Ł

Foreign 12. The Interest of Soviet University Students in Their Counterparts was discussed in NAUM KORZHAVIN TALKS NO. 11 (Korzhavin, P 8:30).. of April 11.

in 13. Shmelev’s "Summers of the Lord" continued to be read SPECIAL BROADCAST (Shmelev, M 28:30) of rpril 11.

AFFAIRS: B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST

April 10 1. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL No.3 M 20) of the featured a communique issued by the GDR and Hungary on Act. rejection of one-sided interpretations of the CSCE Final Ł allegedly The East German Horizont was excerpted on the GDR’s an article excellent record on human rights, juxtaposed against violations. in the Neue Zuercher Zeitunq on GDR human rights and Sig A UPI interview with Romanian dissident Paul Goma on help Mickelson’s speech at the House subcommittee meeting discussed. given to Romanian earthquake victims by RFE/RL were the Statements by Socialist International and l’Humanite, criticizing the Mundo Obrero, l’Unita and the Yugoslav press movement Czechoslovak authorities’ handling of the Charter 77 ratification were cited. Reference was also made to Poland’s Rights, and of the International Pact on Civil and Political Cultural Rights, the International Pact on Economic, Social, and students of contrasted with reports on threats leveled against criticizing Warsaw University for having written an open letter The Times (London) Polish human rights violations. An article in in Eastern by Richard Davy entitled "Moscow Fears .a Catastrophe Europe" was also excerpted.

Tyan Yan Min Ł 2. The First Anniversary of the Disorders on 203-77 Square in Peking was observed in NEW YORK REPORT No. background of (Shilaev, NY 4) of April 11, which analyzed the these bloody political demonstrations.

fate of a Czech 3. Moimir Klansky’s Book "Banishment" about the in the peasant,who was "sacrificed" during the collectivization WITNESSES No. 43 40s and 50s, was discussed in EAST EUROPEAN (Gorbanevskaya, P 13:30) of April 11. - 4 --

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

ŁŁ .1. Africa was a subject of PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, M 2:30) of April 11. The Baltimore Sun opined that the success of the Kremlin’s policy was somewhat limited, citing the Soviet recognition of Western diapproval of Soviet and Cuban intervention in Angola and the fact that the Soviet Union can only advocate the principle of black government in Africa. Moreover, Soviet delegates are considered by the blacks as "white" as those from Portugal and other countries of Europe. The Chicago Tribune Wrote that Podgorny was looking for support of the Soviet Union which could not be found in the Middle Est. The Philadelphia Inquirer commented on the Richard and Young interviews at the UN, in which Great Britain was called upon to show greater initiative in the solution of racial problems at home and abroad. Ł 2. The Legalization of the Spanish CP was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, M 2) of April 11. El Pais wrote that the decision would clarify the political picture and normalize the situation on the eve of the eleCtions. The ABC considered the move an error of the authorities. The Arriba wrote that the step represents the full normalization of political life in Spain and is convincing proof of the sincerity of the government’s striving for democratization.

3. Rabin’s Resignation from the Premiership in Israel was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (ienkin, M 2) of April 11. The New York Times noted that his crime was not horrendous,-but rather indicative of carelessness. The paper wrote of his remarkable career as a military leader, diplomat and government figure. The Washington Post noted that his successor. Peres has a reputation as a supporter of a hard course, but added that he might be the one to succeed in accomplishing in the Middle East what other Israeli leaders have failed to do.

TALK (Perakh, Isr. 9:30) of April 11 discussed the election campaign in Israel, analyzing the ramifications of Rabin’s decision to resign before the elections.

4. Carters Statement on the Use of Atomic Energy was reviewed ’ in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 159 (Orshansky, W 5) of April 11.

5. SadAt’s Middle East Formula was the topic of an article in The Washington Post featured in ARTICLE (Roitman, M 5:30) of April 11. D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. John Cheever’s New Novel "Falconer" was reviewed in BOOXS, JOURNALS PND IDEPS No. 114 (Bek, NY 9) of April 11.

2. Fellini’s Film "Casanova" was reviewed in CULTURE,- EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Litvinov, P 7:30) of April 11.

3. The Salvation of Man was the topic of MPN IN TODAY"S WORLD No. 16 (Shmeman, NY 9) of April 10.

Ł PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, M 6:30) of April 11 consisted of C-1 (Henkin, M 2:30), C-2 (Henkin, M 2) and C-3 (Henkin, M 2).

gk/MB 6 NEWS COVERAGE Ł

1 Al]. RFE BDs and RL/NS carried theae stories in their newscasts April 10:

U.S. arms negotiator Paul Wornke says Jimmy-Carter and Leonid Brezhnev.could hold SALT talks before the cUrrent accord expiresin October.

Jimmy Carter says he ordered the detention of a Soviet fishing trawler and has told Moscow no more will be released with ’ warnings

Israeli ruling Labor .Party today elected Defense minister Shimon Peres as its new leader to take it into general elections next month.

France announced today that it is airlifting Moroccan forces to. Zaire to oppose an invasion in the south of that country.

More violence has erupted in the Spanish Basque region. Legalization of Spain’s Communist Party has been applauded by the Left -- and brought angry.protest from the Right. The British Foreign Secretary is en route to Southern Africa. Cuban President Fidel Castro has met in Havana with U.S.. Senator George McGovern.

A U.S. delegation has opened talks in Peking. Thousands of Russiansattended Easter services in Moscow. this weekend despite what was seen as an official campaign to keep attendance down.

A former prime Minister of North Yemen was. assassinated today , in a LondonŁstreet. The Norwegians have joined Sweden in stepping up security after Ł reports that three west German wanted in connection with the Buback murder may now be in Norway.

More deaths are reported in Pakistan as clashes between authorities and antiŠgovernment demonstrators. continue. - 7 - -NEWS COVERAGE.

these stories in their newscasts o All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried April 11: of the cargo Of a. second The U.S. -coast GuaH has seized part U.S. fishing regulations. Soviet fishing vessel for violating help. Zaire .shows how serious The U.S. says France’s decision to Ł the situation is in that African country. will not be.allowed ’caretaker Premier Yitzhak Rabin Israeli general elections.. to resign his post until next month’s. around the continued battling right-wing forces Palestinians reported orders Lebanese town of Marjayoun.tespite southern to cease fire. by Palestinian leader Yasaer Arafat today.to Foreign. secretary Owen arrived in Tanzania British at reviving weeklong tour of African countries aimed ’start a Rhodesia.. efforts to achieve majority rule in to legalize extreme The Spanish government is under pressure left:-wing groups. . activists, arrested last week’, One of three Georgian .human rights is reported to. have been freed. over anti-Soviet raids. The Soviet Union.has protested to France reaffirmed that Cuba will U.S. senator says Fidel Castro. has A with the U,S. until the U.S. not renew its anti-hijacking accord ends its economic embargo against Cuba. in Pakistan. .There has been a third day of violence fright controllers involved . The. trial is under way in Zagreb of collusion last September. ’in the world’s worst -mid-air Ł troops have recaptured two Laotian government says ’that its ’The occupied:by. right-wing ’Lao Mekong River islands which had been rebels. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 86

( A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 86 for Tuesday, 12 April 1977 Vale

ŁA. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -American Relations, were discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, Henkin, Vardi and Matusevich, M 7). The Washing- ton Star compared the United States and the Soviet Union .to two people maneuvering around the question of who should back down from his position. The Sueddeutsche Zeitunq was more optimistic, noting that the fight over arms control is passing through a relatively peaceful phase. The Washington Post explained the rejection of Carter’s proposals by the Soviet Union, noting that the Soviet Union was too psychologically, politically and bureau- cratically involved with the Vladivostok formula. The Baltimore Sun analyzed the Russian press on the Soviet -American arms negotiations. The Neue Zuercher Zeitunq opined that the failure of the Soviet American negotiations is due in some degree to the Soviet intention to gain time to accelerate the growth of the Soviet military fleet. Dec:fens Nvheter discussed the possible connection between Carter’s human rights policies and the lack of success of the Moscow negotiations.

Soviet and American influence in the Indian Ocean was discussed in ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6). Reference was made to Carter’s kroposal of a total demilitarization of the Indian Ocean. It was added that Podgorny noted that in this connection attention should be paid to the liquidation of the American bases on the island of Diego Garcia. Shortly thereafter, the commanders of these bases invited a group of journalists to acquaint themselves with the process of construction there. The history of the buildup of military, forces in the Indian Ocean was given, noting the recent difficulties the Soviets have encountered with Somalia. relations after Vance’s trip to The complex of Soviet -American Le Monde entitled "The Moscow was the topic of an article in excerpted in PARIS REPORT Baptist and the Commissar," which was (Mirsky, P’6).

Moscow was discussed in The failure of Vance’s mission in 9) which focused on the PROBLEMS OF DETENTE No. 24 (Dudin, NY reaction in the US using press excerpts.

.a. family reunification ’case, 2. Dissidents.. The Agapov affair, MŁ 5:30), which offered back- Ł was the topic of TALK (Matusevich, family to be reunited. ground on’ the attempts of the. Agapov campaigns in Sweden on their Reference was made to the massive, Foreign Minister behalf, including a statement by Swedish would do everything . Karin Speder, that the Swedish government family. Ł . in its power to reunify the Agapov was the topic of a TALK The Human Right Movement in Georgia (Nadirashvili and Sharia,.M 7:30).

SING No. 524 (Mitina, Vytsotsky’s The Don was featured in THEY M4:30).

in PRESS REVIEW Norwegian-Soviet Relations were discussed 3. Zeitunq M 2:30). The Frankfurter Allqemeine (Predtechevsky, trip of the West the Soviet press criticism of the analyzed opined that while Defense Minister to Norway. The paper German participation of West Soviet Union is not threatened by’ the the excercises, it fears the German forces in the Norwegian military the other countries of strengthening of ties between Norway and NATO.

Situation of the Soviet Worlik 4. Chalidze’s Lectures on the Legal OF LABOR AND DEMOCRACY continued to be discussed in PROBLEMS program focused on the exist- No. 101 (BelotserkovskY, M 9). The can improve his position, ing methods by which the Soviet worker such measures. Included and the consequences inherent in taking of strikes in the was an anecdote by Bukovsky on occurence Soviet Union.

Reforms, part 2, was the sub- 5. Alec Nove on Soviet Economic No.57 (Glasenapp, M 9) ject of PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY AND ECONOMICS theses presented in a program continued to discuss the The the reforms in Soviet by the famous British economiston report presented at a recent industrial production. This report was Association on Soviet and Cambridge conference of the. British East European studies. 3

6. Soviet Science. SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE No. 102 (Vardi and Perakh, M 9) discussed the priority of the sciences dealing with the securing of energy from the fission of uranium iso- topes, using excerpts from the Soviet press.

7. A New Play About School Life Entitled "Experiment" by Kaverin and Savchenko published in Teatr was discussed in WITH THE EYES OF THE CRITIC AND SPECTATOR No. 7 (Igoshina, P8).

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Czechoslovakia and Foreign Correspondents. PRESS REVIEW (Matusevich, M 2) used an Ekspressen article on the recent clash between that paper and the Czechoslovak authorities. Several of the paper’s correspondents were refused entry visas

for their sharp criticism of Czechoslovak human rights violations. in As a consequence the Swedish hockey team refused to take part a Prague match, whereupon the Swedish journalists were issued

entry visas. The paper pointed out that this incident evidences the concern of the Czechoslovak authorities for international public opinion.

The "war" waged against foreign journalists in Czechoslovakia for their support of the human rights movement was discussed in ANALYSIS (Roitman, M 6:30) which reviewed recent events in Czechoslovakia.

EAST EUROPEAN 2.1 Soviet -Yugoslav Relations were discussed in CHRONICLE No. 173 (Pusta, M 13:30). The prediction of some Western political observers that after Brezhnev’s visit to Yugoslavia, Soviet -Yugoslav relations would improve was noted were to have proven incorrect. Items from the Yugoslav press cited, which continue to criticize the Soviet interpretation of the Yugoslav role in the Second World War and tile Soviet exclusion of the Yugoslav CP from the Cominform in 1948.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Middle East was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Henkin and Predtechevsky, M 4). Le Monde discussed various stabilizing and destabilizing factors in the Middle East, making special reference to the role of Syria in Lebanon, the influence of Israel’s inner turmoil to its foreign policy actions, and

Carter’s statements on the need for the Palestinians to have

a homeland. The Washington Post discussed Carter’s statements and on on the necessity of Israel’s having defencible borders Allgemeine the Palestinians having a homeland. The Frankfurter Zeitung analyzed the transfer of authority to Peres by the Israeli Labor Party. 1

resignation, The choice of Peres by the Labor Party after Rabin’s Isr 4:30) was noted in TEL AVIV REPORT No. 16097 (Perelman, situation. which discussed the Israeli internal political

AMONG EQUALS 2. Human Rights and National Awareness. EQUAL between No.40 tSiltnitsky, NY 9) examined the interdependence that in the national problem and human rights. It was shown compromise nations which suppress the minority nations which showed how them individual freedom is impossible. The program social the national problem arises in countries of varying the systems, and that the character of these systems determines arise. methods and forms for resolving national problems which

in NOTE 3. The Legalization of the Spanish CP was discussed (Predtechevsky, M 5), which excerpted statements of leading press. members of the various Spanish parties and the Spanish

TV were 4. Paul Warnke’s Statements on SALT made on American 411 excerpted and analyzed in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 244 (Belobo- rodov, W 5).

aid 5. Zaire. PARIS REPORT (Ryser, P 5:30) discussed the actions being proffered to Zaire to counter the aggressive of the Congo National Liberation Front.

to renew 6. British Foreign Minister Owen’s Trip to Africa LONDON the Geneva conference on Rhodesia, was discussed in REPORT (Chugunov, L 4).

after the Carter’s Image in the United States and Abroad 7. REPORT traditional "honeymoon° period was analyzed in .NEW YORK No. 202-77 (Dudin, NY 4:30).

Representatilk 8. The Formation of a Special Group in the House of workers was to represent the viewpoints and interests of the discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 873 (Savemark, W 4:30).

D. SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: People" was dis- 1. Michel Meier’s Book "Marks in Exchange for cussed in THE WORLD OF BOOKS No. 245 (Geller,

topic of Performers of Music in the United States were the 2. which fo- AMERICA - DEEDS AND PEOPLE No. 37 (Navrozov, NY 7:30) cused on opera in the US. Ł

PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, Henkin, Vardi and Matusevich, M 15:30) consisted of 1-1 (Predtechevsky, Henkin, Vardi and Matusevich, M 7), 1-3 (Predtechevsky, M 2:30), B-1 (Matusevich, M 2) and C-1 (Henkin and Predtechevsky, M 4).

Please note:

Delete items 1-3 concerning the Russian Nationality Problem in DBA No. 79. The program was not aired on 3 April 1977.

40 gk/SL 6 -

NEWS COVERAGE

Al]. RFE BDs and AL/NS carried these Stories in their newscasts of April 12:

The United States -and France have both made clear they have no Ł intention of getting directly involved in the Zaire fighting.

Israel has warned it will not tolerate any action against what it regards as friendly Lebanese villages close to its border. ** Reports from Madrid’say at least one military cabinet member has resigned to protest the legalization of the Spanish cOmmunist Party. Ł

President Carter meets with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly ŁDobrynin tonight for talks expected to focus on the stalled strategic arms limitation"treaty.

:British Foreign Secretary Owen arrived in Mozambique today on the second leg of his quest to revive the negotiations one future of Rhodesia.

. The Office of two Franco-Soviet organizations in Paris were , damaged by fire bombs early today, less than 24 -hours after, the Soviet Foreign Ministry protested to France over previous attacks. *The Israeli cabinet has approved a ruling that Yitzhak Rabin must stay on as caretaker premier until next month’s elections.

King Hussein of Jordan will visit Washington at the end of this month to discuss Middle East peace efforts with President Carter.

There has been another day of anti -government violence in Pakistan. Ethiopia has accused Sudan of direct military aggression against Ethiopian territory. Ł Ł The U.S: State Department says there are no present’plans to return’the crown of St; Stephen to Hungary. Ł

Prominent Soviet dissident Tatiana- Khodorvich says police searched. her home in Moscow last week and seized papers and books. Lord Killanin, president. of the International Olympic Committee, was taken to a Dublin hospital after a heart attack.

Official talks have opened in Sofia ’between the foreign. ministers of. Poland and Bulgaria.

*) The Bulgarian ’BD did not use this item. **) The Polish BD did not use this item f.

4111111111ŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁŁ.... RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 87

(A summary of the news coverage by. the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 87 for Wednesday, 13 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -American Relations were the topic of ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6) which was pegged to the statement of Novosti political observer Lavrentiev, that the US is trying

to conclude a one-sided arms limitation agreement, favorable to the United States. In this connection, reference was made to American arms in Europe, Japan and the Indian Ocean. The program examined this statement in the context of tYe Soviet- American military balance, including Soviet and American arms in the Indian ocean.

Soviet -American disarmament was discussed in ECONOMIC OBSERVER No. 257-77 (Dreier, NY 4:30), which examined the economic implications of a continuation of the arms race in light of the Soviet rejection of Carter’s disarmament proposals. Reference was made to Carter’s statement that a Soviet rejection might create a situation in which the United States is forced to hasten the development of its military technology and the construction of new types of weapons.

meeting WASHINGTON REPORT No. 874 (Savemark, W 10) discussed the between Carter and Dobrynin, noting that the topics under dis-

cussion included the situation of the American-Soviet strategic laws arms limitation talks and the Soviet violations of fishing concerning American territorial waters.

States An article in The Wall Street Journal entitled "The United and Human Rights in the Soviet Union" by Valery Chalidze was featured in NEW YORK REPORT (Geller, NY 11).

Ł 2. The Soviet Union was Noted to Have Reduced its UN Membership

Dues in UN REPORT No. 57-77 (Bykovsky, NY 5) which discussed UN the new criteria determining the paying capabilities of the member countries. -2-

3. EVERYDAY PROBLEMS OF SOVIET ECONOMY No. 65 (Chianurov, M 4:30) discussed the difficulties inherent,in the Soviet system of industrial management, which, it was noted, lags behind the needs of the times. RL research paper RS 67/77 of March 23 was used.

4. Soviet Ecology was discussed in THE FUTURE OF THE PLANET EARTH No. 206 (Patrushev, M’10), which pointed out the discrepancies between the letter of Soviet law, and the theory and practice of socialist construction. It was shown that the interests of production growth and protection of the environment are often contradictory.

5. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1302 (Burshtein, M 22) featured a document on the first day of questioning during Tverdokhlebov’s trial on April 14, 1976.

6. DO YOU REMEMBER? No. 17 (Pylaev, M 9) recalled an article Ł in Pravda by Stalin of 2 March 1930, entitled "Dizziness from Success" _lauding the "successes" of the Soviet economy. The contents of the article were contrasted with a less positive account of the collectivization front of the 30s.

7. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 640 (Kunta, M 20). -

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The Legalization of the Spanish CP was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky and Henkin, M 6). The Taqes-Anzeiger greeted this development, noting that it signified a step in the direction of democratic pluralism. The Neue Zuercher Zeitunq cited Carrillo’s promises to keep within the democratic order oil) Spain, and noted that if these promises are fulfilled it will strengthen the belief that the Spanish CP is willing to participate in the democratic process in Spain. The Christian Science Monitor wrote that this daring step illustrates Spain’s decision to secure political freedom. The Times (London) wrote that the legalization was above all of symbolic significance. The Daily Telegraph pointed out that the long hesitation preceding the decision to legalize the CP indicates Juan Carlos’ caution.

2. American-Chinese Relations were reviewed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 207-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), which noted the numerous visits of American delegations to the China in 1977 and of Chinese delegations to the United States. It was pointed out that the lively exchange of scientific and cultural delegations between the two countries has strengthened hopes for the development of Americah- Chinese trade.

"Ł’ -.3-

3. An Interview with Zdenek Mlynar, one of the Czechoslovak leaders during the Prague Spring and a Charter 77 signatory, published in Die Weltwoche, was excerpted in ON DIFFERENT THEMES No. 187 (Predtechevsky, M 9).

4. Margaret Thatcher’s Visit to China was the topic of LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30), which pointed out that her friendly reception could have been due to her sharp statements on the growth of Soviet military might .

5. The British CP was the topic of LONDON REPORT (bovchok, L 6), which noted the recently passed resolution of the British CP protesting the arrest of Charter 77 signatories in Czechoslo- vakia and other resolutions criticizing the Soviet Union or East European countries.

6. Uranium and the Soviet Bloc was the topic Of an article in The New York Times by Paul Hoffman, featured in FOR YOUR FREEDOM AND OURS No.43 (Silhitskaya, NY 13:30).

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Situation in Zaire was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Pre- dtechevsky, Henkin and Vardi, M 5). The Guardian wrote that the Soviets would have a difficult time diproving their guilt on the question of intervention. The Philadelphia Inquirer criticized the role of France in the conflict, but spoke in favor of American policy. Die Welt approved of Giscard’s decision, noting the massive interference of a number of.. "socialist"countries in African affairs. The Basler Zeitunq noted that France’s decision might be utilized by some countries as an excuse for open military intervention in African affairs. Corriere della Sera wrote of the danger that Zaire might become Ł the scene of an international conflict.

2. The UN Disarmament Committee Meeting. GENEVA REPORT (Michelson, G 4) focused on the appeals of the Japanese and Italian deleg.ptions to the United States and the Soviet Union to set examples for the other great powers in working for an all-inclusive nuclear test ban treaty.

3. Strategic Problems Arising in Connection with Carter’s Military Plans in Asia were discussed in an article by Drew Middleton in The New York Times and excerpted in NEW, YORK REPORT No. 200-77 (Shilaev, NY 5). 4. Giscard’s Speech on French TV was the topic of PARIS REPORT (Ryser, P6:30), which focused on Giscard’s statements in defense of the aid France is affording to Zaire.

5. An International Symposium on the International Charter of the Inviolability of an Individual was discussed in HUMANISM AND MODERN TIMES No. 28 (Aksenov, NY 9), which pointed out the need for an international organization, free from political pressure and influence, which would have the right to judge people’s complaints, whose rights had been violated by the. government of the country in which they live.

D. CULTUR2L,S SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Awarding -of the "Oscars" was discussed in TV IN AMERICA Ł No. 7, (Gabai, NY 9:30).

’ PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, Henkin and Vardi, M 11) consisted of B-1 (Predtechevsky and Henkin, M 6) and C-1 (Predtechevsky, Henkin and Vardi, M 5).

gk/SIJ Ł NEWS COVERAGE

A All RYE US and RUNS." carried these stories in their newscasts o

April 13: ’’‚4! Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin has ’visited the White House for the second day in a row for talks on arms control.

Mikhail Shtern, recently freed from a Soviet labor camp, has arrived in the West with his wife and been reunited with his two sons. Romanian police are reported to have detained writer Paul Goma and some other dissidents earlier this month.

A U.S. coAgresswoman has denied that President’. Carter’s stand on human lights has made matters worse for Soviet dissident

West European socialists are to,i.meet in Florence eight days

from now to discuss the issue Of -civil rights in Eastern Europe;

Japan and the Soviet Union today held a further round of fishery talks in Moscow.

British Foreign Secretary David Owen says he believes there is now a climate for a peaceful transition to black rule in Rhodesia. Fighting in Zaire’s troubled Shaba Province has apparently spilled, over into neighboring Zambia.

The U.S. State Department is watching the situation in Lebanon with deep concern even though the fighting there has eased. to Spanish Communist Party President Dolores Ibarruri hopes exile return to Spain in two weeks’ time after nearly 40 years’ in Moscow.

Ł of West Germans attended funeral services in Karlsruhe Thousands Buback this morning for the murdered Prosecutor General Siegfried by The Warnaw newspaper Zycie Warszawy has printed a statement by him is Leszek Kolakowski that a published letter purportedly a forgery.

Austrian Chancellor Kreisky has charged CzeChoslovakia with attempting to "blackmail" him into cancelling a rally planned in Vienna next month by Sudeten Germans.. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY -BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 88

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 88 for Thursday, 14 April 1977 J. Vale

CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, /ND

Minister, 1. The Speech of Marshal Ustinov, the Soviet Defense in before the officers of the East German army was discussed have ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6). Ustinov was observed to talks criticized the’positions of the NATO countries at the MBFR asserted as well as the American position on the SALT talks. Ha of that the Western countries are striving for the attainment negotiations. one-sided advantages over the Soviet Uninn in these military The program offered statistics on the Soviet -American forces balance as well as the breakdown of Warsaw Pact and NATO in Europe, challenging the Ustinov statements.

arrest of 2. Dissidents.’NOTE (Matusevich, 14 6) reported the 80 human rights activist Oleg Berdnik and the appeal of the French workers human rights activists headed by Sakharov to the the Soviet to speak out on behalf of the arrested members of Soviet Com- Helsinki monitoring group- Pn article entitled "The a So- bination" in the Pftenposten, noting that the release of arrest, was viet political prisoner is often coupled with a new excerpted.

Ameridan press on - SOVIET NOTES (Rudolf, NY 1130) reviewed the reference to human rights in the -Soviet Union, making special Valery Chalidze’s article in The. Wall Street Journal.

WASHINGTON REPORT 3. Soviet -American Relations were discussed in between Dobrynin No. 875 (Savemark, I/ 12), which noted the meeting of N/TO and Carter, WITO,Secretary-General Luns’ affirmation evaluation support for Carter’s SALT proposals, and Brzezinski’s was made to Brze- of American SALT proposals. Special reference Brezhnev. zinski’s suggestion of a meeting between Carter and the subject off an 4. Freedom of Press in the Soviet Union was (Matuse- article in Ekspressen which was excerpted in ARTICLE of vich, M 4). The program focused on the misrepresentation the Soviet human rights movement in the Soviet press. 5. Pt the Finland Railraod Station. RUSSIP YESTERDPY, TODPY ’ND TOMORROW No. 702 (Koryakov, NY 13:30) noted two significant occurences at the Finland Rcilroad Station in Petrograd in Ppril 1917: the return of Lenin from Switzerland and the return of Plekhanov from Italy.

B. CROSS -REPORTING PND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST 7FFPIRS:

1. Dissidents in Eastern Europe. RADIO JOURNAL: ABROAD (Predtechevsky, M 9:30) discussed the repressive policies against dissidents in Romania and Yugoslavia, making special reference to the case of Paul Goma (Romania) and Milovan and Vitomir Djilas (Yugoslavia.)

2. Prof. Leszek Kolakowski was Awarded a Literary Prize by the Associated Book Trade of the FRG, NOTE (Vardi, M 5) reported. The program gave a short biography of the author. It was pointed out that Kolakowski has moved away from Stalinism and neo- Stalinism as well as Leninist theory and the thesis of dictatorship of a party government in his books and articles published abroad in the last decade.

C. INTERNPTIONAL POLITICAL PND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Situation in Zaire was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, Predtechevsky and Vardi, M 5). The Washington Star noted that the Soviet Union has always considered Zaire a strategic region, and charged that the Soviet Union has fanned the conflict in Zaire. The Daily Telegraph praised the actions of France, adding that Soviet interference in Pfrican matters Ł has gone on too long. Die Welt wrote that French aid to Zaire gives "a ray of hope." Ii Popolo criticized the French move, which was effected against the advice of the EEC countries, noting that the decision will not facilitate the strengthening of European unity. Le Quotidien de Paris commented on Gis- card’s speech, and his emphasis that French policy is based on national independence. The paper noted that references to Pmerican policy were too numerous and too emphatic to leave room for any doubt that the French president would also base his policy exclusively on the principle of national independence. L’Humanite questioned whether the president meant national independence or independence of the Elysee Palace. The Kurier criticized the policies of Mobutu before the time of the armed incursion into Zaire’s province of Shaba. -3-

2. The Middle East was.a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, Ł Predtechevsky and Vardi, M 6).. The Washington’Post discussed the.events in Labanon, noting that the fighting has moved from Beirut to the southern part of. the country. The paper wrote that the one significant change has taken place in the pOliCies -of the Arab countries is that they’ have achieved a degree of rapprochement with one another and no longer seek to wage. war against one.. another through Lebanon. The Washington Star wrote Ł on the internal political situation in Israel, noting that Peres enjoys almost the total support. of his party. .The Washington ’Post pointed out that the time could not be more inopportune for internal disturbances in Israel, noting the fighting in southern Lebanon. The Journal de Geneve discussed the changes in Israeli ruling circles, noting that the present situation in Israel is determined to a significant degree by people who have grown up in Israel. The Israeli leaders who founded the .country were noted to have either died or retired.

3. The Opening of the 62nd Session of the Economic and Social Council of the UN was noted in UN Report (Bylmysky, NY 5) which pointed out that the agenda includes the drafting of an international pact opposing discrimination against women, the preparation of an international conference on racism for 1978, and the creation of an international agricultural Fund to aid the developing countries.

PEPnRT 4. American -Chinese Relations were discussed in NEW YORK American - No. 212-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), which focused on the numerous Chinese meetings in Washington and Peking, noting that Carter

has emphasized the importance America attaches to its. relations with Peking.

5. The Disarmament Committee. GENEVA REPORT No. 281 (Michelson, East G 4) discussed the insistence of the Soviet Union and the European countries on national checking of the observance of an all-inclusive nuclear test ban treaty, excluding any international means.

6. British Foreign Minister David Owen’s Trip to Rhodesia

was discussed in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5). It was noted

that Owen had emphasized that his mission is not to forward

any detailed plans but to listen to suggestions from all sides.

of 7. Chancellor Schmidt’s Speech on Terrorism and the Murder NOTE the West German Attorney General Buback was excerpted in (Rahr, M 5).

M 6), which discussed 8. Spain was the topic of NOTE (Henkin, the implications of the legalization of the Spanish CP. 9. Thailand. PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES No. 63 (Pusta, M 8:30) discussed communist subversive activities in Thailand.

10. Methods of the French Government to Reduce the Deficit in Their Social Benefits Program were discussed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 6).

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Death of French Poet Jacques Prevert was observed in PARIS REPORT (Mirsky, Galich, and Litvinov, P 8) which included selections of his poetry.

2. The Use of Laser Beams in Space was discussed in SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY No. 37 (Muslin, NY 13:30).

3. The American Sculptor George Segal was the subject of PRT AND LITERATURE No. 544 (Lvov, NY 13).

4. The Art of Manet and Degas was discussed in WEIDLE’S TPLK No. 339 (Weidle, P 9).. , . 5.-"The’AmericamBison" was reviewed in ON. THE STAGEE OF NEW YORK No. 15 (Gabai, NY 6:30).

PRESS REVIEW (Henkin,’ Predtecheysky and.Vardi, M 11) consisted of . c-1 (Henkip, Predtechevsky. and Vardi,-M 5) and C-2 (Hepkin, Predtechevsky and Vardi,.. M 6).

g}c/ SL -NEWS ..COVERAGE newscasts of. .All RFE BDs. and RUNS carried these stories in their *April 14: Ł that he Jimmy Carter’s national security adviser has proposed .hold regular consultations with .Leonid Brezhncv. alter the The Soviet Union today objected to U.S. proposals to ,197,11 Vladivostok formula on strategic arms limitation’s and said there.was no need to revise these ceilings.

The Spanish government today imposed a two-day ban on all demonstrations and political rallies. at PolitiCal changes ’announced in Brazil are said to be aimed tightening the military government’s control over the country. and socialism" * Edward Gierek today attacked "opponents of Poland who he.paid were attempting to create confusion. the release Some 1,250 British theater peoPIe have appealed for .from prison of playwright Vaclav Havel the Charter 7.7 spokesman..

President Carter say,s the U.S. heeds a new approach toward;.. the issue of human rights in Latin American countries. new The U.S. says it is willing to play a direct role in, a conference on the future of Rhodesia. time in Japan and the Soviet Union have failed. for the second three weeks to reach a new fishing.agreement, intervention There have been new.claima of Soviet and French in Zaire. his . Premier, Zulfikar Ali.BhuttO, today urged Pakistan’s -government’ supporters to’show restraint in the face of anti violence. been allowed to ) East German dissident writer Reiner Kunze has settle in the wast. today with wife of the Israeli premier was formally. charged, The accounts. failing to report money held in. two American bank *) The Polish BD did not use this item. RADr0 LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 89

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 89 for Friday, 15 April 1977 J. Vale

AND CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL,

REVIEW 1. Soviet -American Relations were discussed in PRESS the (Henkin, M 2). The New York Times pointed out that since have unsuccessful negotiations in Moscow high-level contacts an positive not ceased between both sides. This was taken to be statement that sign. The Washington Post greeted Brzezinski’s with the Carter’s government wants to soften the public polemic Monitor Soviet Union on the SALT talks. The Christian Science The also cited Brzezinski’s statements on the SALT talks. that Washington Star opined that the Soviet side was shocked Carter publicized his position on the SALT question. REPORT Arbatov’s lecture at MIT was the subject of WASHINGTON statements (Orshansky, W 6). Reference was made to Arbatov’s threatening that Carter’s outspoken human rights policy is Carter’s pro- the course of Soviet -American detente and that gain one- posals at the Moscow negotiations were an attempt to

sided advantages for the US in the SALT negotiations.

the incursions WASHINGTON REPORT No. 876 (Savemark, W.6) discussed trawlers, which into American territorial fishing zones by Soviet 200 miles. Reference have increased since this zone was extended to of Fishing In- was made to an order issued by the Soviet Ministry the inviola- dustries which emphasized the importance of observing the Soviet bility of American territorial waters, published by State Depart- press on Apiil 14. It was noted that the American ment greeted this statement positively. Unionznd.the Countries of The Indebtedness of the Soviet 2. Developed Countries Eastern Europe to the Western Industrially 5:30), which cited the sta- was discussed in NOTE (Chianurov, M that this indebtedness tistics of the Swiss Bank Corporation, It was noted that attempts has exceeded 40 billion dollars. control over credits have by Western governments to excercise been unsuccessful.

215-77 (Gendler, NY 5) Soviet Emigre Art. NEW YORK REPORT No. 3. -conformist art in New York, discussed an exhibition of Soviet non of Ernst Neizvestny, Igor which was noted to include the works Shenker. It was pointed out Galanin, Aleksandr Rikhtor and Ilya exhibition of official that this exhibition coincided with an Soviet art at the Metropolitan.

(Burstein, M 30) featured LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1303 4. Georgia compiled by the material on human rights violations in continued the reading of Georgian CSCE monitoring group, and interrogations. the transcript of Tverdokhlebov’s

(Svirsky, NY 18) THE LITERATURE OF MORAL RESISTANCE No.46 5. "Jubilada" when the reminisced about the period called the anniversary in 1967. Soviet Union celebrated its 50th

were reported in KUZNETSOV’s 6. Statistics on Soviet Alcoholism TALK No.176 (Kuzentsov, L13:30).

(Roitman, Zuckerman, JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No.209 7. with Ester Lazaris and Menchukov, M 29) featured an interview to the American CSCE who gave information about her husband the Soviet Union and is monitoring commission, who is still in the activities of a denied permission to emigrate; reviewed "Brira;" presented a discussion new American Jewish association Palestinian leaders;’ and cited a on the Middle East goals of Ł report on sports in Israel.

Stalin’s Death" continued to be 8. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of (Kunta, M 20). read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 641

discussed and excerpted in 9. The Poetry of Krivulin was P 10:30). A POET ON POETRY No.139 (Betaki, OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS: B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS 16 (Vardi, M 10:30) Human Rights., EAST EUROPEAN NOTES No. 1. in Defense of Human discussed the program of the Polish Movement historian and journalist Leszek and Civil Rights, as described by activities of the "Movement" Moczulski at a press conference. The to its role in the defense were described, with special reference the local government civil rights, such as in cases where of farmers. violates the rights of the Polish private

discussed inLONDON REPORT support for human rights was British signed by the vice - (Chugunov, L 5) which noted the protest behalf of the Czechoslovak rectors of 16 British universities on also made to a petition Charter 77 signatories. Reference was citizens regusting the signed by more than a thousand British demonstrations demanding the release of Vaclav Havel, and to Shcharansky. release of Soviet Jewish activist

topic of an article in The situation in Czechoslovakia was the a historian who authored The Times (London) by Vilem Precan, documents on the Czech invasion the Black Book (a collection of LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5:30). of 1968) which was featured in

writer who moved to the FRG, Reiner Kunze, the famous East German (Krassovsky, B 5). It was pointed was the subject of BONN REPORT of an East German media smear out that he had been the object It was noted that he had pro- campaign for his political views. by the Warsaw Pact forces. tested the invasion of Czechoslovakia

the Japanese Socialist Party 2. Sabura Ada’s Withdrawal from No. 209-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), was discussed in NEW YORK REPORT Socialist party to the which attributed his break with the in the Association conflict arising over, his membership -Marxist socialism. It for a New Japan, which advocate non the participation of the was noted that Ada spoke against Communitts in a coalition government.

Death of Mao, was the topic 3. China Seven Months After the (Shilaev, NY 5), which noted that OF NEW YORK REPORT No.214-77 strengthen- the consolidation and the new government’s task remains the popularization of its new of the new regime as well as ing was explained to imply the leader, Hua Kuo-feng. Consolidation the radicals who are led continuation of the struggle against by the group of four. - 4 -

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Zaire Was a topic of PRESS REVIEW .(Predtechevsky and Henkin, M 5). The Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq wrote that the Soviet Union would like to convince the world that the events in Zaire represent nothing more than an uprising against Mobutu The paper opined that the Soviet Union is not content to limit its influence to the province of Shaba, but wishes to spread it over the entire country. Ii Popolo greeted Giscard’s decision to afford aid to Zaire, noting the necessity of the preservation of ties between Europe and Africa. Die Welt commented on the Chinese aid to Zaire, noting that it hardly compares in amount with Soviet weapon deliveries’to Angola. More important the paper believes is the moral support of Peking. The Daqens Nvheter critcized the French move, and wrote that it is becoming increasingly impossible to limit conflicts within the confines of Africa. The Sueddeutsche Zeitunq discussed the policies of the countries of North America Ł and Western Europe on the aggression in Zaire. The paper wrote that until Europe and America show that they are willing to pressure the white African regimes to change their policies, every African conflict in the eyes of Africans will automatically become a conflict between whites and blacks. In such conflicts even the non-communists will be ready to accept offers of Soviet weapons. Le Quotidien de Paris examined the foreign reactions to France’s decision to assist Zaire, noting American response to France’s contradiction of American policy, and the lack of reaction from the countries of Europe., L’Humanite did not hide its resentment over the decision, writing that Giscard’ s decision was made without properly informing the French people.

PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 6) discussed the decision of the French government to extend aid to Zaire. Reference was made to the statement of the Soviet Ambassador to France, Chervonenko, that any instance of interference by one country in another’s internal affairs will complicate the general international at- Ł mosphere. Chervonenko added that neither the Soviet Union nor Cuba have anything to do with what is presently happening in this area of Africa.

Andrew Young’s statements on Africa were excerpted in UN REPORT No.60-77 (Bykovsky, NY 5) which focused on his assertion that communism does not pose a threat to Africa. It was noted that a White House representative commented that Young’s statements are in basic agreement with the views of the American president. Nuclear Energy in Iran 2. The International Conference on M 6), which focused was the topic of ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, based on the use of plu- on the dangers of nuclear technology of the new fast breeder tonium which is produced as a by-product subject were reviewed. reactors. Carter’s statements on the

was the topic of TEL AVIV 3. The Israeli Election Campaign which discussed the list of REPORT K-16 (Perelman, Isr. 4:30), which, because of Rabin’s candidates for the ruling coalition, up in the last few days. sudden resignation, could only be drawn

discussed in WASHINGTON 4. Carter’s Press Conference was on Carter’s statements on REPORT (Orshansky, W 5) which focused the SALT Talks. the American economic situation and

NY 9:30) discussed MULTISTORIED AMERICA No. 8 (Storozhenko, S. American trade union interactions between the leading the first administration and Congress, organizations the AFL-CIO and the new steelworkers’ union and the management, a new agreement between the "he who does not work shall not the application of the principle by the local authorities to eat" in a small town in Wisconsin election of a black, Thomas citizens capable of work and the Bradley, as mayor of -Los Angeles.

(Muravina, P 9) discussed the 6. FRENCH AGRICULTURE No. 10 for the mutual working existence of cooperatives, associations which allow groups to the land, and credit associations of French agricultural sector. each other financially in the support the French agricultural radio intervieaof the president of The highly of these was excerpted, in which he spoke syndicate the need to continue "collective" organizations, but emphasized individual management and ownership.

in the FRG. FROM EVERYDAY LIFE 7. The Soviet Press on Poverty an article in Komsomolskaya (Glasenapp, M 4:30) discussed No.59 "hunger, lawlessness and Pra/da which claimed that there is communities. The program gave poverty" in West German workers’ pensions, and the length and additional statistics on strikes, number of working days in the FRG.

TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC COUNTRIES:

(1859 to 1941) was discussed 1. The Philosophy of Andre Bergson No. 23,(Piatigorsky, L13:30). in PHILOSOPHY OF THE NEW TIMES

M.10) consisted of A-1 REVIEW (Henkin and Predtechevsky, PRESS Predtechevslcy, M 8). (Henkin, M 2) and C-1 (Henkin and

gk/SL NEWS COVERAGE newscasts of carried these stories in their - All RFE BDs and ROTS April 15: the .ttrategic-arms limitation President Carter has denied that talks are at an impasse. first free parliamentary has announced that the country’s Spain be held June 15. . elections in more than 40 years will the Zaire Army has launched an Western newsmen in Kinshasa say invaded Snaba p7ovince.. offensive against the force that turned down p remie’r Zulfikar Pakistan’s. opposition parties have new elections. All Bhutto’s terms for holding social.damoCratscre to three Leading West European Belgrade next week to discuss this year’s meetings in the of the 1975-- lip conference which will examine the implementation Helsinki accords.’ Ł in central of the talks onaŁreduction of forces Another ’round far apart. .Europe ended in /ienna today withbothaides’atill Salisbury British.Foreign.secretary David Owen has arrived in Ian Smith on the country’s .for more talks with-Rhodesian Premier future. has reportedly A.Ukrainian human tights activist,- Oles.Berdnik, Ł been released after being detained by police. agreed to start a -The Soviet Union and Japan have reportedly new round of fishing negotiations. - will begin.topŠlevel talks The United States has’confirmed it in Paris starting May 3. with Vietnam on normalizing relations has rejected a SOviet 110 from Moscow say:the.U.S.Embasay . Reports the embassy community. protest at the showing. of two films to today, stripped of some Brazilian congress returns ’to work The announced by President Of its powers under a series of measure’s Geisel. Ł government over its Italy’s Socialists have CriticiOd the approval of a)university reform bill. Ł Rabin has decided to Reports from Tel Aviv say Prime Minister general election. take a leave of absence:until next month’s

*) The Bulgarian BD did not use this item. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCST ANALYSIS NO. 90

(A summary of the news coverage by the.Russian- language programming appears at the end of tAle DEA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 90 for Saturday and Sunday, 16 and 17 April 1977. Roy Delon

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: of 1. A Re -Examination of Vance’s Moscow Mission in the light Gromyko’s quick reaction in calling a press conference on March 31, the daily criticism by the Soviet news media of the in US foreign policy positions which were disclosed by Vance the Kremlin on March 29; Brezhnev’s own views, and Dobrynin’s diplomatic talks in Washington were the substance of ROUND TI,BLE No. 1 (A. Levin, K. Chenkin, and L. Predtechevsky, M 20) of April 16. The panel’s moderator called for a discussion on the background of SALT negotiations since the fall of 1974, reviewing Kissinger’s efforts, the subsequent impasse and the current objectives set by Carter. The.panelists also analyzed the Soviet position, observing that the SALT negotiations are a political barometer of US -Soviet relations generally, noted George Kennan’s comments on how the Soviet government prefers to carry old ’out such negotiations, remarked on the deviation from the rules by the new US administration disliked by the Kremlin because this places it in a position of turning down US proposals and cited other related aspects of this problem. The stridency of the. Soviet mass media was noted. toward A review of the brisk diplomatic activity aimed at moving

a new SALT agreement was filed by RL correspondent in Washington of on WORLD THIS WEEK (L. Savemark and L. Predtechevsky,. W 6) con- April 16. Carter’s expression of hope at his Friday press

ference that he will be able to meet Brezhnev personally in theUS them, this year which might lead to periodic annual meetings between was stressed. 2

2. The State of the’Soviet ’ishin" Industry and the friction Ł with Japan and the US over fishing rights were covered by RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (L. Predtechevsky, M 5) of April 16. Ł The detention of two Soviet trawlers in a US port was described as a result of the high targets set for the fishing industry which have been published by the Literaturnava G7Izeta and other media.

3. Human Rights. The defense of human rights by workers in the West was the topic of discussion on ROUND TABLE No. 2 (L. Roitman, V. Matusevich, G. Rahr, and L. Plyushch, M 20) of April 17. The moderator opened the discussion with the letter signed by A. ŁSakharov and 82 other participants in the human rights movement in the USSR and received at the French Renault factory He gave the gist of this appeal to Western workers and labor unions for their active defense of Soviet prisoners who may be prosecuted in the USSR. The panelists compared the degree to which labor unions in France, West Germany, the US and Scandi- navia are involved in a global defense of workers’ rights, Ł including human rights in Eastern Europe and the USSR, and stressed the importance of the solidarity and dialogues across state borders which the Soviet government cannot ignore.

The appeal by Soviet dissidents, including Academician Sakharov, to workers of the Renault plant in Francewas also discussed on RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belotserkovsky, M 5) of April 16.

Excerpts from poems by dissident writers, including those by Novodvorskaya, and some thoughts of A. Solzhenitsyn were transmitted on WRITERS ON THE FREEDOM OF DISSENT (N. Gorchakov,.M 9) of April 16.

HE AND HUMAN RIGHTS No. 63 (1. Dudin, NY 9) of April 17 examined the new coordinated anti -dissident campains in the USSR and other countries of the socialist bloc, pointing out that Brezhnev’s meetings with leaders of the ruling ’CPs in the last part of 1976 included consideration of the problem of dissidence. The program stressed the reaction to this campaign by members of the US administration, including Carter, and summarized reportage by Wren in The New York Times who ’attributed the campaign to the approaching conference in Belgrade. -

AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. SHTERN (Russian Desk, M 21) of April 17 replaced the normally scheduled ’weekly feature program pANORAMA.

4. TOPICS OF DISCUSSION No. 40 (M. Gordin, et al, M 29) of April 17 recapitulated a number of themes of special interest to listeners which were transmitted earlier in the week on CULTURE, EVENTS, PEOPLE; MOM THE OTHER SHORE; ANATOLI RUZNETSOV TALKS; WE ABROAD; and other feature programs. -3-

5. Creative Youth, Newly Recognized Writers, and How to Control Them by organizing a special council along the lines of the "historic" decision taken by the CC of the CPSU, was the topic of HAVE YOU HEARD? (I. Glasenapp, M 9) of April 17.

6. Samizdat. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1304 (B. Burshtein, M 27) of April 17 featured verbatim readings from the anonymous brochure The Case of Tverdokhlebov and Tatyana S. Khodorovich’s Stop Judging Thought! The Khodorovich pamphlet was written after the sentencing of Tverdokhlebov to five years of exile for his activities as secretary of the Soviet section of Amnesty International. The text describes how Tverdokhlebov’s relatives and foreign journalists Łwere barred fm the courtroom.

7. The 60th Anniversary of the October Revolution. SIGNAL No. 416 (L. Predtechevsky, M 9) of April 17 recalled the bloody purges during the 1930s, the liquidation of Beria in 1953, and the measures taken against members of the so-calledflanti-Party group" in 1957.

8. A Talk with Vladimir. M. Ogladnikov, a Soviet Merchant Marine Officer, was transmitted on GUEST OF THE WEEK No. 25 (J. Rudolf, NY 18:30) of April 17. The informal interview with the officer who asked for political asylum last month in a US port city touched on his life as member of the CPSU and the Soviet occupation forces in Germany. The officer described the lives led by Soviet sailors and his reasons for wishing to remain in the US.

9. Dissidents. Leonid Plyushch, one of the active members of the dissent movement in the USSR, now residing in the Wet, was interviewed on RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belo- tserkovsky, M 5) of April 16.

Ernst1Neiivestny’s New York press conference of April 7th was covered on SPECIAL PROGRAM (E. Neizvestny and Yu. Panich, M 29) of April 16. The well-known Soviet sculptor’s conference was connected with the publication of Zinovev’s book. In his answers to numerous Łquestions asked by correspondents, Neiz- vestny sharply criticized the conditions under which creative artists live in a totalitarian system. - 10. Chewing Gum Comes to the USSR. The significance of this event was discussed on MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS No. 190 (Predtechevsky,’ M 2:30) of’April 17.

11. "Replaceable" and "Irreplaceable" Governmental Leaders and the distinctions between them in the Eastern and Western countries were the subjects of MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS No. 189 (L Predtechevsky, M 6:30) of April 16. The author discussed the differences in the manner in which "Socialist" and Western leaders assume power, the style in which they exercise that power, and their ages. -4-

12. From Revolution to Revolution: The Events of the First Week Of April 1917 in Petrograd, -Part 9, were recalled on TURNING TO HISTORY No. 9 (V. Lavrov, NY 29) of April 16. The program was devoted to the festive reception Of Lenin :and the. isolation in which hefound himself, even among the Bolsheviks, after announ- cing his "April Theses.’’

13. Ideology and Its Role in Soviet Society. PGURSKY: SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN TOTALITARIAN COUNTREIS (M. Agursky, Israel 8) of April 16, analyzed the role of Marxism-Leninism in the USSR as viewed by Western scholars. The author presented the argu- ments for and against the thesis that the influence of Marxist - Socialist ideology is gradually fading in the Soviet Union.

14. Soviet Economy Mirrored in the 16th Congress of the Trade Unions in Moscow was the topic of ECONOMISTS ON THE SOVIET ECONOMY (J. Chianurov, M 9) of April 16. An analysis of the recent congress reveals some of the characteristic problems of the contemporary Soviet economy and sheds light on some of the methods whereby the country’s leadership hopes to solve them.

15. "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death," Part 8, and the Beria conspiracy, as treated in A. Avtorkhanov’s book of that title, Łwas examined on FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 642 (A. Avtorkhanov and Kunta, M 22:30) of April 17. The program focused on the last chapter of that work, "The Two Favorites: Malenkov and Zhdanov," which describes the roles of Zhdanov, Molotov, Kaga- novich, Voroshilov and Andreev, who were persuaded that their power in the Politbureau was usurped by Malenkov.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL No. 4 (S. Vardy, M 20) of April 17 covered the most important events in the "socialist" bloc in- Ł cluding East German Politburo member Lamberz warning that the demand for freedom of criticism is but the first step toward the defection from Marxism-Leninism; The International Herald Tribune’s report on S. Hejm’s Five Days in June; Prof. H. Nitzsche’s letter to Carter; the US-Hungarian cultural and scientific agreement; the Polish Committee for the Defense of the Workers’ press conference in Warsaw of April 5; the declaration issued by the French Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Romania; reprisals against supporters of Charter 77 in Czechoslovakia; the publication of Jan Patocka’s writings in the West based on an article in Die Zeit; coverage of Czechoslovak developments by the Scandinavian press; the opposition of the League of Yugoslav Communists to any attempt by the CPSU to work out a general party line or program; and the popularity of miniature theaters in Poland and Hungary, which feature biting political satire, sketches, songs, and humorous reviews of all aspects of social life. 5

2. Lombardo-Radice’s Interview with George Urban, Part 1 about freedom in Europe took place recently over a period of two days. According to. the express wish of the Italian CP CC member that this dialogue be transmitted verbatim by RL, SPECIAL PROGRAM (P. Urban, M 20) Of April 17 featured the first of three projected readings of the text as published in Encounter.

3. The Situation of the Church in Yugoslavia Since 1967 was discussed on RELIGION IN TODAY’s WORLD Na. 276 (M. Bourdeaux, London 9) of April 16. The author pointed out that the Yugo- slav,government has tried to enter into a dialogue with the Catholic Church in Croatia and Slovenia and,at the same time, weaken the Orthodox Church by artificially separating from it the Macedonian Church. He reviewed the varying religions in various federal republics.

4. Legalization of the Spanish CP and the positive domestic reactions of the political spectrum from the socialists to the christian-democrats was dealt with by WORLD THIS WEEK (Stecher- mayer and L. Predtechevsky, Madrid 3:30) of April 16. The positive public reaction to the move was partly inspired by the hope that the legalization will help to heal the wounds of the Civil War.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Week at the UN was reviewed on WORLD THIS WEEK (G. Bykovsky and L. Predtechevsky, NY 3) of April 13 which included the wrangle between the Chinese and Soviet delegates and the Security Council resolution on Berlin,

2. Attorney-General Buback’s Funeral in Karlsruhe on April 13 was covered on WORLD THIS WEEK (O. Krassovsky and L. Predtechevsky, Bonn 3:30) of April 16. The program reviewed the circumstances of his murder by terrorist fanatics and the reactions by the FRG Government and the public. 6

3. The.Sino-American Relations, Part 2, in the area of military affairs were analyzed ón PEXING ANITITS POLICY No. 415 according to a Foreign Affairs article written by A. Doak Barnett (E. Shilaeff, NY 9) of April 16. Prof. Barnett holds’ that there are common interests and silent cooperation between the two countries. He asks whether those parallel interests should not be translated into open military cooperation.

4. French Aid to Zaire was described, focusing on Giscard’s Tuesday TV address which explained to the French people the precise extent of this involvementiby WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Ryser and L. Predtechevsky, P 4) of April 16. The program cited Gis- card’s statement which emphasized that Europe cannot look passive- ly on African developments.

5. CULTURE, EVENTS, PERSONS (B. Litvinov, K. Chenkin, A. Galich, and Yu. Malcev, P 28:30) of April 16 brought listeners a pot- pourri of information of general interest, including reports of the good attendance at the G. Pompidou Center; of Vladimir Vysotsky’s appearance on the French TV in Paris; of Yu. Vos- nesenskaya answers to 37 questions by I. Sinyavin, published by Posey; of a book by a Romanian sculptor; on Berdyaev in the USSR; on an American surrealistic painter; on the Biennale in Venice; Some of Gali:ch’s songs were also played.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Man’s Salvation, Part 1, and its meaning according to Christian teachings was elucidated by Rev. Aleksandr on MAN IN TODAY’S WORLD No. 17 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) of April 17.

SUNDAY TALK No. 1043 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) of April 16 focused on the worlds of "Doubting Thomas" and Christ’s answer.

"Easter in Moscow" was described on RADIO JOURNAL: THE USSR V. Belotserkovsky, M 5) of April 16.

glc/ SL I -7-. NEWS COVERAGE in. their newscasts of RL/NSvcarried these stories All RFE BDs and AII-111- . meeting in. _ fromWestern Europe. are democratic leaders conference on. Social preparations for the Belgrade Amsterdam to discuss

the Helsinki agreement. Ł . . that Yugoslavia is official has confirmed A. leading Yugoslav political prisoners.. - possible amnesty, for considering a . . . . for an end to group has called new Polish hUman nights food’ price.riots- The involved in the reprisals against-workers June.. f. Ł last . . night detained Sevefl. that police last. Reports from -Warsaw say: c?mmittee. the Workers’ Defense .Ł people connected with , . believes the "long run Secretary Brown says hp the U.S. Defense control agreement between for a nuclear arms prognosis" Union is favorable. States and the Soviet United a the operati0n. of .U.S. demands concerning is resisting in Yugoslavia. ’ ’Belgrade U.S. firm is building. nuclear power plant a joint editorial ’ . , been told in a top army generals have not to Spain’s Madrid’s eight newspapers published today by six of . interfere in politics. . visit Angola where David Owen is to British Foreign Secretary disctise.Rhodesia. are gathering to some African leaders determined , . his government is premier Vorster says South African discrimination in the country. eliminate al petty to - . Ł : has again rejected a chancellor Bruno Kreisky rally to be held Austrian a Sudeten German Czechoslovak protest against vienna.. in ,.. demands from within his is facing ’more Pakistani premier Bhutto. down. own party that he step. China informed. U.S. has been keeping Carter says the talks. President strategic .arms limitation about the U.S.-Soviet operations’ plotting criminal today accused Libya of Egypt in Arab capitals.- , foreign embassies Ł against the Alps were trapped working on a tunnel in Eighteen Austrians known to be dead. today. One man is by a now avalanche -8-

NEWS COVERAGE

All RFE BDs and RUNS carried these stories in their newscasts of April 17:

Early Belgian election results indicate that. Belgian P:ime . Minister Leo TindemansirSOcial ChristiarCParty is gaining. ’strength. .

A member of the Polish Wirkers’ Defehae Committee and.four committee helpers were freed today by Warsaw police after being held since Friday. Ł Ł Leading West European social democrats have agreed at a meeting in Amsterdam.to intensify their efforts to. ensure that all . governments respect human rights.

’Italian communist leader Enricd .Berlinguer say d his party wants a new agreement on keeping Italy’s Christian Democrat government. in power.

The Zaire newsagency. said today a joint. Zairian and Moroccan force is.gaining.ground against’rebels in Shaba province.

President Tito says Yugoslavia will not bow to foreign pressure on.behlalf of political dissidents.

British Foreign Secretary Owen had,talks in .Luanda today with Angolan President Neto during a stopover on his flight from Rhodesia to Nigeria, The wife of Israel’s Prime Minister. was fined today in a foreign currency case which forced her husband to relinquish, leadership of the Labor Party. . Ł

1ASS today indirectly accused the U.S. of violating the Helsinki agreement by refusing to grant entry visas to three Soviet trade unionists. Ł

More than 6,.000 British ’Jews ha.ve demonstrated’ in London on behalf of Soviet dewish activist Anaioly Shcharansky.

Pakistani Premier Zulfikar All Bhutto says he-wilI not resign despite mote than a month of violent demonstrations by the opposition.

.Almost 400,000 Italians. began voting tbday for.municipal concils in more than 30 ’small towns across Italy. ’ A family of four flew from Czechoslovakia to West Germany in a sflorts aircraft today. RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 91

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- . language programming appears at the end of the D8.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 91 for Monday, 18 April 1977

J. Vale

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND:CULTURAL: 1514. SOVIET TOPICS POLITICAL,

discussed the 1. Dissidents. LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 9) organized by London demonstrations of behalf of Shcharansky Jews. It was the British National Council of Help for Soviet demonstration. noted that Shcharansky’s wife participated in the of the Tape -cuts of statements by Jane Jacob, the chairman Shcharanskaya National Council of Help for Soviet Jews, and Nataliya charging that there is and the text of an open letter to Brezhnev and calling for a new wave of antisemitism in the Soviet Union the release of Shcharansky were used.

exluded.from the Soviet A Peter Osnos interview with Lev Kopelev, in. The Washington. Writers’ Union on. March’30,..which was published Post, was the subject of ARTICLE (Benoi, .M 6)..

entitled "Dr.Shtern PARIS REPORT (Mirsky, P 7) featured an article Dissidence in the is free, but the Repression against all Forms of Vivre, a paper Soviet Union Are Being Heightened" in Le Droit de and published by the International League for Fighting,Racism Antisemitism.

No. 525 Mitina, Galich’Kumachoviv Waltz was featured in THEY SING M 4:30).

cited excerpts 2. MAN ON THE EARTH No. 134 (Lthas, NY 13:30) "Bread and of an article in the Literaturnava Gazeta entitled trying to Politics," which charged that the United States was contrasted with an use food and grain as a weapon. This was American food article in The New York Times Magazine on the the difficulties for peace program. The program also discussed on an for Soviet war veterans in finding apartments, based American TV documentary. 2

3. Roy Medvedev’s Article "Stalin: Several Pages from a Political Biography" published in the foreign samizdat publication Dvatsatiy Vek (20th Century) was excerpted in RPDIO SEMINAR No. 403 (Koryakov, NY 13:30).

4. Statistics. KORZHAVIN’S TALK No. 12 (Korzhavin, NY 8:30) discussed Soviet propaganda about higher education among the workers for the sake of statistics. It was pointed out that the statistical "doctoring" of the data of higher education among the workers does not have the aim of increased profits. but is in the interest of production, and was a manifestation of the inherent contradiction’s in the socialist economic system The program also discussed a case, described in Izvestia, of a worker who was employed as an engineer after completing a correspondence course in engineering. His relations with his fellow workers and administrators were difficult because he suffered from his own principles, noting their violation of socialist law.

5: Brzezinski’s Press Conference on.SALT was excerptedin - MILITARY DETENTE No. 51 (Predtechevsky, M 13:30).

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST T,FFAIRS:

1. Human Rights in Eastern Europe was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, Henkin and Perouansky, M 10:30). The Frankfurter Allge- meine Zeitung discussed Gierek’s conflicting statements on Polish dissidents, and drew attention to the cooperation between the workers and the intellectuals in the sphere of human rights. The Frankfurter Rundschau discussed the GDR decision to allow Reiner Kunze to move to the FRG, and opined that this decision could have been a liberal token in preparation for the upcoming Belgrade CSCE follow-up conference. The Christian Science Monitor discussed the connection between ..foreign journalists’ difficulties obtaining an entry visa to Czechoslovakia and the meetings of such journalists with representatives of the Czechoslovak human rights movements. Le Soir discussed the open latter of eleven members of Dubcek’s government to all CPs which participated in the East Berlin CP conference. The letter charged that the repressive policies in Czechoslovakia harmed the reputation of socialism not only in Czechoslovakia but in the whole wOrld. Reference was also made to the gradual participation of the Western CPs in criticism of East European repressive policies. The New York Times carried an article on the activities of the Polish Workers’ Defense Committe by Jan Gross. 4,3

- 3 -

the 2. An Interview’ with Member.of the Central Committee of Italian CP Lombardo Radice, published in Encounter, was featured’ in SPECIAL REPORT (Urban, Radice, M 29,

3. The French CP.on Direct Elections to the Europarliament vas covered by. PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5:30), which ex - cerpted’Marchais’ statement s on the subject made during a press Conference: .Marchais was noted to have said that the PCF will not protest direct elections to the European Par - liament in the’, countries of the EEC if the Parliament’s statutes will guarantee the national sovereignty of these countries.

4. The Katvn Massacre. EAST EUROPEAN WITNESSES No. 44 (Gorbanevskaya, P 15:30) discussed the findings of an international commission composed of experts which worked in the pre- Katyn forest in April 1943 analyzing the results of the viously completed excavation.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Africa was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, Henkin and Perouansky, M 4:30). The Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq noted that Owen’s trip to Africa did, not facilitate the reso- Mini- lution to the Rhodesian problem, writing that only Prime The ster Smith of Rhodesia was willing to make concessions.

Washington Post discussed Soviet arms deliveries to Ethiopia, remarking that it could be a risky game for the Soviet Union,

capable of inciting neighboring Somalia. Le Figaro reviewed events in Zaire. Le Quotidien de Paris noted the inactivity and the of the UN regarding Zaire, and the silence of Cuba Organization of African Unity.

British Foreign Minister David Owen’s trip to Africa was Łthe topic of LONDON REPORT (Vovehdk, L 5), which noted that, according to the British press, Owen was received more posi- .tively almost everywhere than his predecessor Ivor Richard. It was pointed out that his trip also included unexpected visits to Angola and Rhodesia.

American policy on the Zaire conflict was discussed in NEW out YORK REPORT No. 216-77 (Shilaev, NY 4:30). It was pointed that United States continues to abstain from active participation in the Zaire conflict because it has no convincing evidence of Soviet -Cuban involvement. and Denmark were 2. Changes in the Criminal Codes of the FRG M 13:30). discussed in ON DIFFERENT THEMES No. 188 the situation of These changes were noted to have improved was contrasted with the convicted criminals in prison. This code, which sought to the recent changes in the Soviet penal and broaden the maximalize the compulsory labor of prisoners sphere for the application of such labor.

International Conference 3. Brandt’s Speech at the Socialist B 5). It was noted was discussed in BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, detente and remarked that Brandt stressed the importance of contradict theŁ p0- that the defense of human rights does not importance of turning .1icy of detente. He also spoke of the inequities,- and develo- attention to the North-South economic ping programs to aid developing countries.

was the topic ,of Peres’ 4. The Present and Future of Israel which was excerpted in Ł speech to an Israeli youth congress TEL AVIV REPORT (Perelman, Isr 5).

OBSERVER No. 258 (Dreier, 5. American Economics. ECONOMIC Carter and the Congress NY 4:30) discussed the conflict between on Carter’s economic politics.

and Disarmament were dis- 6. Carter’s Policies on Human Rights excerpted in BONN REPORT cussed in an article in Der Spiegel, (Krassovsky, B 5:30).

topic of PARIS REPORT 7. The Elections in Belgium were the Socialist -Christian (Ryser, P 5:30) which noted that Tindeman’s votes than in the last party received almost 10 per cent more elections. ’

TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC COUNTRIES: was the topic of CULTURE, 1. Experimental Theater in New York EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Litvinov, P 6). La Scala was discussed in 2. The Opening of the Opera Season at

CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Maltsev, R 9:30).

continued to be dis- 3. John Cheever’s New Novel "Falconer" 115 (Bek, NY 9). cussed in BOOKS, JOURNALS AND IDEAS No.

M 15) consisted of 8-1 PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, Henkin and Perouansky, and C-1 (Bensi, Henkin (Bensi, Henkin and Perouansky, M 10:30) and Perouansky, M 4:30).

gk/SL NEWS COVERAGE.

All RPE_BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in their newscasts o

18:

Leonid Brezhnev told Syria’s president:AseadstOday -there will be no,lastiPg peace in the mideast.if the inte’rests of the Palestinia) and the Israelis are ignored. Ł "..

Belgian premier Tindemans today was given the task of forming It new government following elections in which. hi Social . Christian.party increased ita.parliamentary seats.. .Zaire has claimedŁnew.successes in Shaba province.

Ian.Smith has been given a mandate byhis party for negotiations on ;new British-American proposals.,,

The EEC foreign ministers have discussed. African problems and the upcoming Belgrade Conference.

Comecon has .proposed more talks with’theŁCommon ’Market. Ł There has been new political.viclence.in Pakistan.

Romanian. president Nicolae.Ceausescu-said today he. hoped there .would be no confrontation between- participating. states at the. East-West Belgrade meeting later this. year;,.

.The Soviet Union and the European Common Market will hold only - low-level, unofficial talks on a fishing egreement tomorrow. An East German writer lia.s.again.sebd .he went to West. Garthany. because of political and health reasons.-

ŁAn American lawyer and hiswifejlave.been expelled from Moscow.

Right-wing. deputies in Spain have formally demanded. 8 special. -oortes session. to debate Ł legalization of the.cowthunist

.Ł A ]ender of the U.S.. congressional delegation- that, has just- ,-eturned from China says that Chinese leaders .-00 not take the U.S.-Soviet strategic arms talkb.seriously.

Ł .RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS No. 92:

. (A summary of the news coverage, by the Russian - language programming appears at the end o the L132.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 92 for Tuesday, 19 April 1977 J. Vale

F. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCITL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Chakovskv’s Interview on Italian Television was the subject -of an article in Literaturnava Gazeta, which was analyzed in NOTE (Bensi, M 5:30). Chakovsky, the editor-in-chief’of-the Literatur- nava Gazeta was questioned about such topics as disSidence in the Soviet Union, during this interview by members of the Italian. press. The Soviet article charged that Chakovsky was subject to’ "incorrect" questioning and was. not allowed sufficient. time to answer. The program pointed out that at the end of the interview, Chakovsky was asked if the full text of the interview could be published in the Literaturnava Gazeta and he. replied that he. would consult his colleagues on the matter. It was opined that the Soviet public will probably not have the opportunity to read the text to judge for themselves whether the interview was held "incorrectly.",

2. Dissidents. SPECIAL BROADCAST (Vardi, M 10) discussed the case of Mikola Rudenko, the arrested chairman of the Kiev chapter of the CSCE monitoring group, and protests on his behalf in the West. His letter to Brezhnev, published in samizdat, describing the repressions against members of the Soviet Amnesty group, was used.

The reunification of the Agapov family was the topic of NOTE (Matusevich, M 11:30),. which included a. tape of a telephone interview with Agapov in Sweden. Reference was Made to a statement by Karin Soeder,.the Swedish Foreign Minister, that.the Swedish government will do everything in its power to hasten the ,reunilcation of the hgapov family; to the massive campaign in Sweden on behalf of the family; .and. to a televised interview with Agapova by Swedish journalists in Moscow:

Okudzhava’s My Life and Let Us Exclaim were featured in THEY SING No. 526(Mitina, M 4:30). 3. The Soviet Oil Problem. Ł ANALYSIS .(Predtechevsky, M 7) discussed the CIA report indicating-tbat the Soviet Union will have to import oil within the next few years. .It was noted that. the Soiriet Union’s exports of oil Outstripped that of Libya and is. approaching that Of Nigeria. Neither Libya or Nigeria, however, have the same national consumption-ofoiI as the Soviet Union and CountrieS almost entirel.ir.dependent"-on it for their -oil, Such as Czechoslovakia , Also the. oil consumption of. Eastern Europe and the Soviet Unionis constantly increasing.

4. Genscher’s Visit to the Soviet Union was Ła topic of PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, M 1). The Koelner Stadt-Anzeiger commented on the new importance ascribed to relations with Western Europe by the Soviet government.

5. Chalidze’s Lectures on the Legal Situation of Workers in the Soviet Union, published by the Khronika Press, continued to be dill" cussed in PROBLMS OF LABOR AND DEMOCRACY No. 102 (Belotserkovsky, M 11). The program analyzed the legal means provided for by ’Soviet law by which Soviet workers can defend their interests.

6. The Condition of the Soviet Economy was analyzed by Prof. Alex Nove, whose study -was cited in PROBLEMS OF SOCIETY AND ECONOMY Na. 58 (Glasenapp, M 9). The program focused on his study of possible methods to increase the efficiency of the SoViet system of industrial management.

7. The Development of Soviet Science was noted to be hampered by the Soviet bureaucratic system in 60 YEARS OF CONTROL OVER SCIENCE No. 1 (Vardi, M 9) which quoted Sakharov on the shortcomings of Soviet science, and Khrushchev on the need for broad personal freedom to allow for the development of the arts and sciences.

8. PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONALISM No. 1 (Silnitsky, NY 9) discussed Lenin’s organization of the Third International as the beginning of the creation of the totalitarian system in present day Eastern Europe under the domination of the Soviet Union.

9. ’Volga", and American TV Movie Filmed in the USSR, was the subject of PROBLEMS OF DETENTE No. 25 (Dudin, NY 9). The program was based on an article in The New York Times by Irwin Rosten on the difficulties foreign film companies encounter making films in the Soviet Union.

10. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 643 (Kunta, M 27). B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. ’Human Rights were a topic of .PRESS REVIEW-(PredtechevSky, and Bensi, M 5). The HannoverSche Allqemeine Zeitunci- made a positive appraisal of Schmidt’s and Brandt’s views on.the upcoming Belgrade conference, adding that. there is no Use:in pre- senting Moscow with lists of accusations. The .Sueddeutsche’ Zeitunq analyzed events in Poland, .opining that the Polish authorities are changing their tactics. -to form a unified front with the other socialist countries against the human rights movement in preparation for the Belgrade Conference.: Le Monde wrote that the countries of Eastern Europe intend to intensify their actions against dissidents, ’citing statements from the East. - European press which evidence this harsher line.

East -Weft German family reunification. ANALYSIS (Roitman, M 8) reported the appeal of a group of former East German citizens now living in West Germany to the representatives of the "four allied powers" requesting their intercession on behalC of their children who have been refused permission to join them in West Germany by the East German authorities. They stated that the East German authorities are opposing the reunification of their families despite Łthe fact that the children indicated their, desire to rejoin their parents.

2. A Dialogue BetWeen George Urban and CPI CC MEMBER’Lucio Lombardo-Radice, published in Encounter, continued to be featured on SPECIAL BROADCAST (Ulugov, L 21:30). Ł

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Africa was the topic of PRESS REVIEW. (VardiŁ and PredLechevsky, M.4). The Philadelphia Inquirer approved of the policy .of non- Ł intervention in the Zaire conflict. adopted by the United States. The Washington Star took .a different line, and ashed whether non- intervention was a valid policy when the Soviet. Union.was uti- lizing each.conflict in Africa for its owninterests. Le Monde noted that although the French president refused to give a direct answer to the question of the Cuban role in Zaire, he did ’obliquely answer in the affirmative. The France’Soir wrote that France is’ not a participant in the Zaire conflict insofar as it has not supplied the country with ’soldiers or. Weapons’. The Washington Post noted the anxiety of the Egyptianspvernment over new Soviet- Cuban attempts to increase their influence in Africa; enumerating Egypt’s answering Measures. Corriere:della Sera emphasized Africa’s importance for Europe’, and called for the drafting of a comprehensive African policy by the EEC countries. 4

The discussion of African affairs in London was the topic of LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30), which focused on David Owen’s acquainting his EEC colleagues with the results of his trip to Africa, and on the situation in Rhodesia and Zaire.

Afro-Arab relations were the topic of PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES No. 64 (Pusta, M 8), which discussed the new alliance between Egypt, Syria and Sudan as well as the Cairo conference of African and Arab heads of state which took place at the beginning of March.

2. The Middle East was the topic of ANALYSIS (Henkin, M 8:30) which focused on Assad’s visit to Moscow. and Allon’s statement that a resolution of the Middle East problem must be founded on territorial compromises and a definitive solution to the Palestinian question.

3. US-Asian Relations. NEW YORK REPORT No. 219-77 (Shilaev, NY 5) focused on the Carter administration efforts to move toward a nor- maliiation of relations with China and Vietnam. Special reference was made to the recent Congressional delegation which visited China.

4. The Disarmament Committee Meeting was the subject of GENEVP REPORT (Michelson, G 4) which discussed the troblems Łof’whether to include peaceful nuclear explosions in the nuclear testing ban. Reference was made to the statements of Eastern European delegates at the conference on the failure of the United States to demonstrate a serious intention to consider the problem of a ban on chemical weapons. This allegations was refuted citing past Tmerican initatives.

5. India was discussed in ON DIFFERENT THEMES No. 191 (Predte- chevsky, M 7:30) which focused on the political and economic situation in India and the first measures of the new government Ł to restore democracy in all areas of Indian life.,

6. .Carter’s Televised Speech onsthe Energy Situation in the United States was excerpted in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 878 (Savemark, W 12)..

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Charlie Chaplin’s 88th Birthday was observed in CULTURE, EVENTS r,ND PEOPLE (Igoshina, Litvinov, Galich, Mirsky and Salkazanova, P 18:30)’which discussed his films. VIP

2. The Situation of Women in England was discussed in an interview with British journalist David Floyd which was featured in CONTEMPORTRY II0MT:L\I No. 26 (Kuznotsov, Cordin and Floyd, M and L13:30).

PRESS REVIEW. (Predtechevsky, Bensi, and Vardi, M 10) consisted of 1‰-4 (Predtechevsky, M 1), B-1 (Predtechevsky. and Bensi, M 5) and C-1 (Vardi and Predtechevsky, M 4).

gk/SL

Ł NEWS COVERAGE : stories in their newscasts of All RFE BDS and RL/NS carried these ŁAnril 19: ’ Ł they could face a President Carter has warned Americans consumption of energy natl.:mai catastrophe unless their is drastically reduced. Ł Ł House -claims the Soviets * A .CIA report released by the White Ł will soon become major importers of oil. Ł Ł Ł ŁŁ ’ec controlled by rebels. Zaire says it has surrounded’a town Parliament about plans Britian’s Foreign secretary’ has told on Rhodesia-. .for a constitutional conference’ another meeting in Secretary of State Cyrus Vance had U.S. AmbassadorŁAhatoly Washington yesterday with Soviet Moscow. Hafez Assad has ended,his.talkS.in in Pakistan. New protest strikes have been called parliament resigned their Three more members of the Spanish legalization of the ’seats today to.protest.against. the Communist Party. its steel industry. France has announced plans to help has hailed the progress, The West German Foreign minister toward democracy in Spain. _say they will continue to West Germany’s Social Democrats human rights. press for universal respect of Vietnam’s Premier is in Peking. Court of Human Riliks Britain went on trial at the European in Northern Ireland: today accused of torturing people

*) The Bulgarian BD did not use this item.

{I RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 93

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at’ the end of the DB.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 93 for Wednesday, 20 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Assad’s Visit to Moscow was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, M 3). The Financial Times noted that ssad, unlike Sadat, is in a position to retain contact with both co-chairmen of the Geneva Middle East *Peace Conference; the United States and the Soviet Union. The paper cited Assad’s upcoming meeting with Carter. The Guardian noted Assad’s "key position" in the normalization of the Middle East conflict. The Daily Telegraph wrote that Assad’s grandiose reception in Moscow indicated that Moscow and Damascus understand how much they need each other.,

2. Human Rights. PARIS REPORT (Mirsky and Salkazanova, P 10:30) excerpted the speeches of Leonid Plyushch, Vladimir Maximov and Vladimir Bukovsky at a meeting organized by the Internatinnal League to Fight Racism and Antisemitism on the situation of Jews.in the Ł Soviet Union. LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5) excerpted the press conference of John MacDonald, the defense lawyer for arrested chairman of the Moscow CSCE monitoring group, Yuri Orlov. MacDonald expressed his intention to travel to Moscow and find a Soviet lawyer to help defend Orlov using material evidence collected in London. In the event that no such lawyer can be found, he intends to submit that Orlov present the defense himself, with MacDonald at his side for legal consultation.

3. A Story.About Lenin, published in’Novy Mir of 1925, was featured in DO YOU REMEMBER? No. 18 (Pylaev, M 9). In the story ’Lenin wished to "play, dead" in order to see how the country.wOuld function without him., This story was contrasted with the suggested themes for pupils’ compositions in Soviet schoolsin connection with Lenin’s birthday. -2-

were discussed in 4. The "Acrobatics" of Soviet Propaganda which noted the use SOVIET PROPAGANDA No. 1 (Perakh, Isr 91, and the ensuing necessity of propaganda to manipulate new events, to block independent information sources.

COMMUNIST AFFAIRS: B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF (Plyushch, BelotserRovsky _ 1. Eurocommunism. ROUND TABLE TALK meeting of the Spanish, and Rahr, M 25:30) focused on the Madrid March. Reference French and Italian CPs, in the beginning of West European CPs. was made to Plyushch’ open letter to these in the countries Plyushch criticized the structure of the CPs them incapable of of the Soviet block, noting that it makes the Eurocommunist evolution. He emphasized the importance of Act. The role of defense of all provisions in the CSCE Final in the human the workers vis-a-vis that of the intellectuals rights movement was discussed.

Spain and France, Leonid Plyushch’ letter to the CPs of Italy, in SPECIAL BROTD- presented at the Madrid meeting, was featured Plyushch called attention CAST (Belotserkovsky and Plyushch, M 20). provisions of the to the total disregard for the human rights spoke about Soviet CSCE final act in the Soviet Union. He also Prague Spring. opposition to self determination, citing the

was pegged to Eurocommunism and Yugoslavia. NOTE (Bensi, ŁM 5) symposium on the the Eurocommunist meeting in the Belgrade connection, a politics of the West European CPs. In this in which the press conference held by Bakaric was excerpted of the West Yugoslav official greeted the independent line supports the European CPs, emphasizing that Yugoslavia fully government must enjoy principle that each CP and each socialist total independence. Ł

REVIEW (Vardi, M 4:30). 2. Human Rights was a topic of PRESS human rights movement The Economist noted the broadening of the growth of authority in the socialist countries, as well as the moral support. The of the movement and of broad international solidarity with members magazine pointed out that international Europe are arousing con- of the human rights movements in Eastern of the socialist cern within the conservative ruling cirples the Polish autho- countries. The Stuttqarter Zeitunq wrote that activities of the rities have not reconciled themselves to the pointing to the members of the human rights movement there, of the Polish arrest of three members and four associates Committee for the Defense of the Workers. 3

. 3. Howard Fast’s Break with the International Communist Movement was discussed in WE ABIIOAD No. 52 ORozanova and Nekrasov, P 29) which excerpted the Soviet media before and after his break with the CP. His book The Naked God was also excerpted.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Africa was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky and Bensi, M 4). The Washington Star wrote that the basic goal of Podgornyls. and Castro’s separate visits to several African countries was to. strengthen their influence in those regions which had for a long time remained outside the sphere of East-West contention. The paper expressed the opinion that America should not compete with the Soviet Union in this way. Le Figaro commented on the fourth meeting of African heads of state taking place in Dakar, and asked whether African conflicts can be normalized by the Africans themselves when countries such as Cuba send their troops to Angola in the name of proletarian internationalism. Le Quotidien de Paris noted thatFrance had assured its African allies that they could count on France for help in their economic development. After France’s aid to Zaire, the paper continued, the African heads of state in Dakar know that they can also count on French support for their national security.

The background of the conflict in Zaire was the subject of NOTE (Rahr, M 6) which pointed to the gradual emergence of two groups in Africa. Morocco and Egypt-see a danger for themselves in the growing Soviet military presence in one group composed of Libya, Somalia and Ethiopia, Senegal, Gabon and the Ivory Coast comprise a second group of countries economically, orientated toward Western Europe With cultural ties to France. This group does not want Marxist experiments on their territories nor a strengthening of Soviet influence and presence in Africa.

Ethiopia was the topic of ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 6:30) which discussed the Amnesty International report of human rights violations in Ethiopia since the change of government on February 3. It was pointed out that the Amnesty report used euphemistic for- mulations, since there have been mass executions and waves of terror since 1975. The conflict in Eritrea was also reviewed.

2. Carter’s First Three Months in Office were reviewed in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 162 (Orshangky, W 5), which noted his popularity with the American people due to his personal style of leadership, his human rights policies and his seeking to conclude a new SALT agreement with the Soviet Union. It was

pointed out that his energy policies, particularly those dealing with oil and oil products, may cost him some of this popularity. - 4 -

-Wide Energy Shortage was analyzed Ł 3. The CIA Report on the World 7) in connection with 67.rter’s in WASHINGTON REPORT (Savemark, W both Carter and the CIA came energy program. It was noted that rate of growth, energy to the conclusion that at its present possible production of oil consymption will exceed the maximum products.

REPORT (Vovchok, L 5) dis- 4. Ireland vs Great Britain. LONDON Strasbourg Court on Human Rights, cussed the trial this week at the proceedings in the Soviet press: noting the misrepresentation of the

TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC COUNTRIES: were the topic of TOMORROW 1. Private Foundations in America M 9), which noted that THE PLANET EARTH No. 207 (Patrushev, OF scientific goals work toward humanitarian and such foundations activities Ł from outside. The history and without the interference beginning With the philantropic of such foundations were discussed, in the 19th Century. fund founded by Andrew Carnegie late

the Sovereignty of the Individual 2. The Sovereignty of a State and MODERN TIMES No. 29 (Akesenov, were discussed in HUMANISM AND .Polish philosopher Leszek NY 9) which excerpted statements of of Law, Quincy Wright. Kolakowski and the American Professor

Bensi And Vardi, PRESS REVIEW Mahr, Predtechevsky, 4:30) and consisted of A-1 (Rahr,,M 3) B-2.(Vardi,-M (Predtechevsky and Bensi; M 4).

gk/ SL 1):

’NEWS COVERAGE

All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in their newscasts of April 20:

Two rebels captured in Zaire claim they were trained by Cut and Soviet instructors.

Giscard d’Estaing says Africa can depend on France for hel3 in its struggle to free itself from foreign interference.

A Curfew has been ordered. in Karachi.

The Egyptian Foreign miniSter has met with the Soviet Ambassador. -

A UNESCO meeting on the press has ended in Florence.

Leonard Woodcock will ’reportedly be the new U.S. envoy to 3 El Salvador is still considering the demands made by the kidnappers .of the foreign minister.

. A Spanish Army general has been tired for his part in a Ł controversy over legalization of the Communist Party.

West Germany’s government and opposition have agreed that political terrorism must be fought relentlessly but disagre on the need for new legislation to do the job.’

- *Austria today officially rejected a Czechoslovak protest against a. Sudeten German rally scheduled’to,take Place in" ’Vienna next month.

Romanians in Paris plan a demonstration today on behalf of Paul oma. Milos Jakes says renegades will not be allowed to violate the law.

A British lawyer says he wants to go to Moscow to defend Yuri Orlov.

it) The Bulgarian BD did not use this item. PIO Ł ii lie Sib

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 99

(A summary of the’ news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the:end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 99 for Thursday, 21 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS’.-- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The State Department Refusal of Entry Visas to Three Soviet Trade Union Officials who were invited to an American trade union congress was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Roitman, M 3). The New York Times considered the State Department’s decision a mistake noting that it does not contrast with the Soviet practice of persecuting dissidents in camps and psychiatric hospitals. The Christian Science Monitor wrote that the Soviet Union, with its harsh policies on freedom of movement, has no right to accuse the United States of violating the CSCE Final Act. The paper pointed out that many Soviet cultural and scientific figures have received permission to enter the United States.

2. Dissidents. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1306 (Burshtein, M Ł 25) continued the reading of the samizdat brochure entitled The Tverdokhlebov Affair, featuring the speech of the lawyer, Yudovic.

An interview with Natalya Shcharanskaya was featured in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5). The wife of the arrested Soviet Jewish activist discussed the reasons for her hunger strike, noting that she was protesting against the arrest of her husband and requesting that he be allowed to emigrate to Israel. She also talked about the catastrophic situation for Jews in Moscow.

An interview with Mikhail Shtern was featured in SPECIAL BROADCAST (Shtern and Schlippe, M 22:30). Shtern discussed the conditions in Soviet prisons and the book by his sons entitled A Usual Trial about his troubles in the USSR. 3. Corvalan’s Receipt of the International Lenin Prize for the "strengthening of peace between nations" was reported in NOTE (Nadirashvili, M 5:30), which pointed out that if the Soviet Union finds the name of Corvalan a symbol of the fight of the Chilean nation for democracy and social progress, then the name of Bukovsky should be recognized as the symbol for the fight for human rights, freedom and democracy for all the people in the Soviet Union.

4. Soviet Energy Problems. ANALYSIS (Predtechevsky, M 9) discussed reasons for increased energy consumption in the Soviet Union and the United States, in connection with Carter’s speech on energy economics. Soviet statistics on energy consumption from the Vestnik Statistiki were analyzed.

5. Different Views on the Beginning of the Civil War in Russia Ł were reviewed in RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW, No. 703, (Koryakov, M 13:30).

6. soviet Nonconformist Artist Oscar Rabin’s Paris Exhibition was reviewed in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gladilin and Glazer, p 16).

7. Avtorkhanovis "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to be read. in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 644 (Kunta, M 22:30)..

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The Publication of Mao’Tse-tung’s Works was noted in NEW YORK REPORT No. 222-77 (Shilaev, NY 5:30), which pointed out that Mao’s personality cult is not about to be debunked because Ł it is being utilized by the new Chinese government. The fifth volume of Mao’s works was assessed as serving Hua’s efEorts to deradicalize the ideology of the Chinese CP.

2. Subversive Communist Activities in Burma were the topic of PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES No. 65 (Pusta, M 10:30). The program noted that in the eyes of the Peking leadership, Burma is the ideal country to further Chinese influence in southern Asia. Its geographic position appears to be suitable for exerting pressure on India and Thailand. Chinese Communists continue to supply weapons and money to various extremist groups and communist organizations in Burma.’ of

3... "The Fate of the Rejected," an article by Jerzy Otavy in Listy on the Church in Czechoslovakia’, was exoerPted.in FOR YOUR FREEDOM AND OURS No. ’44 (S.ilnitskaya, NY 14).

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Carter’s Speech Before a Joint Session of Congress, in which he presented his energy program, was excerpted in WLSHINGTON REPORT (Savemark, W,16) which used tape -cuts in English. Ł

Carter’s energy program was A topic of PRESS REVIEW (Bensi and Predtechevsky, M’5). Ii Resto del Carlino noted the importance of the active participation of each member of the population iE the government’s plan is to have any effect. Les Echos. commented on the dramatic character of. Carter’s presentation. Le Figaro wrote that the policies declared by Carter in the sphere of . energy will have more pronounced and prolonged consequences for the United States than an Arab oil boycott, or an increase in the price of oil. ŁThe Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq noted that in the opinion of critics of his plan his program will deprive many countries of the possibility of receiving nuclear technology.

2. The Bundestag Debate on Terrorism was the topic of BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, M 4:30), which reviewed the positions taken by the ruling coalition and the opposition. The program, however, noted that despite disparate views, the government and the opposition are prepared to cooperate in taking practical measures against terror to secure the internal tranquility of the country.

3. The Results of the Local Elections in Italy were discussed in NOTE (Bensi, M 5:30), which pointed out that the Communists lost 10 per cent of the vote in comparison with last year’s election, while the Socialists increased their standing by 5 per cent.

4. The International UN Conference on Water Resources in Mar del Plata, Argentina, was the topic of NOTE (Predtechevsky, M 7) which focused on the geometrical increase in water usage in the past years. Statistics on water consumption by the population, in the cooling system of atomic reactors and by industry were reviewed.

5. The French-African Conference in Dakar was discussed in PARIS REPORT (Ryser, P 6) which excerpted Le Figaro and Le Monde on various types of French aid to Africa excluding military aid. Special reference was made to the French support to the Moroccan troops in Zaire. 4

6. The Role of Mondale and Young in American -African Policies was discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 227-77 (Dudin, NY 5), which pointed out that Mondaless being delegated special authority on African affairs does not lessen Young’s significance in this sphere, but emphasizes the American government’s concern about events in Africa.

7. Waldheim’s Criticism of the UN Security Council was the topic of UN Report No. 64777 (Bykovsky, NY 4). Waldheim was noted to have commented on the growing number and length of the Council’s sessions and the lack of results.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Paris Exhibition of Artist Andre Derain’s Works was re -0 viwed in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Litvinov, P 6).

2. Bette Davis’ Festivals in New York and Los Angeles were the topic of FILM IN NEW YORK No. 40 (Gabai, NY 4).

’PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, Predtechevsky and Roitman-, M 8) consisted of A-1 (Roitman. M 3) and C-1 (Bensi .and Predtechevsky,_M 5).

gk/SL NEWS COVERAGE their newscasts of All RPE ADs and RUNS darned these stories in April 21. Martial law has been declared in three ’Pakistani cities.

President Carter has presented Congress with a detailed energy Ł conservation plan he says is the only way to avart, what could. become a national catastrophe. Rome... A Policeman has been killed in a riot at:the University of French Embassy Officials in MoscOw are :said to have been threatened. talks America’s SALT negotiator says ’he expects almost continuous with the SovietBfor many months.

Jimmy Carter -has met. with Mario Soares. Officials Of 18 African nations have ended a conference which focused on security. to 10 Soviet prisoners are said to have started a protest action gain recognition as political prisoners. ’ Cuban President Fidel Castro says he is very optimistic about

the chances of renewing commercial relations with the United States.

Reports from Spain say the main Socialist Party and the Christian Democrats have agreed to support common candidates in Senate elections in June.

A Thai general who last montW led an abortive coup against Thailand’s militaryŠbacked government was executed today.

About 100 people in Paris marched on the Romanian Embassy.

Pour more prisoners have been released in Poland.

The world hockey championships opened in Vienna today. 91:11W mai itikil RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 95

(A summary .of the news coverage by the. Russian - language programming appears at the end of the.DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 95 for Friday, 22 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -Japanese Relations were discussed in NEW YORK REPORT (Shilaev, NY 5:30) which pointed out that these relations are ,at their lowest point since the end of the Second World War. The principal obstacle on the path to an agreement between the Soviet Union and Japan at the Moscow negotiations was noted to be an old territorial quarrel: the Soviet Union, in introducing a 200-mile economic zone, included the waters around the Kurile islands, which the Japanese consider their own. The Japanese press claims there is a connection between this development and the ill feelings resulting from the MIG-25 affair, since shortly before the fishing negotiations the Soviet Ambassador to Japan demanded that the Japanese government pay the USSR more than 11 million dollars as compensation for the access gained to military and technical secrets through inspection of the MIG-25.

2. Soviet -American Relations. WASHINGTON REPORT (Savemark, W 4:30) discussed Paul Warnke’s statements at a Senate subcommittee meeting which discussed the funds earmarked by Carter for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Warnke pointed out that 25 per cent of the general sum is being designated for expenditures connected with continuing negotiations with the Soviet Union on strategic arms limitation. Warnke proposed that the United States continue negotiations with the Soviet Union on SALT and other disarmament questions without pause.

Soviet -American relations were discussed in an article by David Shipler in The New York Times, featured in NEW YORK REPORT (Gendler, NY 4). 3. An Unofficial Science Seminar in the Soviet Union including the participation of those scientists who had been denied permission to emigrate to Israel, was the topic of an article in Nature by Robert Edelstein, excerpted in NOTE (Finkelstein, M 0). The program dealt with the situation for scientists in the Soviet Union. It was noted that Sakharov was one of the seminar’s organizers.

4. An Exhibition of Russian and Soviet Art in the New York Metropolitan Museum was reviewed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 220- 77 (Rudolf, NY 5:30). An exhibition of Russian dress and the exhibition of Russian and Soviet painting, both in the Metro- politan, were discussed in SOVIET NOTES No. 697 (Rudolf, NY 4:30), which also pointed out that a parallel exhibit of art created by recent Soviet emigres was held in a house directly opposite the Metropolitan.

5. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIETY LIFE No. 210 (ROitman, Gordin, Mirsky and Yakhot, M, P and Isr 29) featured an article on Israeli independence day; excerpts of comments by Bukovsliy, Maximov, Nekrasov and Plyushch on the situation of Jews in the Soviet Union; and a discussion on demonstrations held in the Spring of 1972 in the Soviet Union by notkazniki," who have been denied permission to emigrate to Israel.

6. Soviet Alcoholism. KUZNETSOV’S TALK No. 177 (Kuznetsov, L 13:30) contrasted the mass production of home-distilled alcohol in the Soviet Union with the relative absence of this phenomenon in the West.

3., The End. of the Poetry Renaissance in 1956:was discussed in .LITERATURE OF MORAL RESISTANCE No.47:(SvirskY., NY 13). which . focused on the poetry of VoZnesen*y.and Yevtushenko.

13. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Human Rights were a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, Bensi, Vardy and Roitman, M 10:30). Die Weltwoche wrote that East European dissidents have become a factor in world politics, pointing to Leszek Kolakawski’s award of a peace prize and the fact that the Biennale will be devoted to dissidents despite Soviet protests. The paper discussed the broad public support given to dissidents by Western organizations and individuals. Die Zeit commented on the international symposium in West Berlin which is discussing the relationship between detente and defense of human rights in socialist countries. Supporters of Carter’s - 3 -

open human rights policy praised his having placed human rights in the center of world attention, while his detractors pointed to favorable statistics of family reunification cases during the years of Kissinger’s "quiet diplomacy." The Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq discussed the unfavorable reception given a Czechoslovak proposal made during the Sofia CP conference calling for a harder line regarding members of the human rights movement and’Eurocommunism. The paper interpreted this rejection as an indication that a number of countries in the Warsaw Pact do not approve of the Czech policy regarding Charter signatories. Le Matin de Paris discussed the influence of the Western CPs on the Czechoslovak dissidents policies. Newsweek suggested that the current American human rights policy is too idealistic and should be combined with economic bargaining.

2. ŁCuban -American Relations were discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT (Orshansky, W 5:30), pegged to the recent unofficial visit of Senators McGovern and Abouresk to Cuba. .McGovern cited Castro’s promise to withdraw Cuban troops from Africa, noting that no date was mentioned.

C.. .INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Franco-African Meeting in Dakar was discussed in PARIS REPORT (Ryser, P.5:30)., which quoted Giscard on the importance to develop the cooperation between Europe and Africa. It was noted that Giscard once again stated that rrance has no intention of sending troops into Africa. The representatives of all eighteen African countries emphasized that the peaceful development of Africa requires a guarantee of non-interference in African affairs by non - African countries.

2. Zaire. NOTE (Predtechevsky, M 8) discussed the continuing conflict between Zaire and Moroccan forces on one side and the Angolan interventionists on the other, making reference to a Pravda commentary by Yuri Zhukov.

3. The Middle East was discussed in ON DIFFERENT TOPICS No. 193 (Perakh, Isr10), which focused on the increased influence wielded by extremist elements within the PLO. The program made reference to the recent session of the Palestinian Council. It was noted that hopes for a more moderate PLO line were not fulfilled and that such a development will worsen the situation in the Middle East., 12 Questions and Answers About the Arab Boycott, a brochure published by the American Jewish Committee, was excerpted in RADIO JOURNAL ABROAD (Zuckerman, NY 7).

4. The Political Crisis in Pakistan was discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 225-77 (Shilaev, NY 5), which centered on the conflict between the supporters and opposition of Pakistani Prime Minister Bhutto. The crisis was noted to have worsened since the March elections.

5. The European Court on Human Rights. LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5:30) reviewed the Irish complaintsbeing investigated in Strasbourg. It was noted that several incidants in Ulster, which took place between 1971 and 1974 having to do with British methods of interrogation, were in question.

6. Carter’s Adiustment of the Official American Poverty Level was discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 259-77 (Dreier, NY 4:30). The poverty threshhold has been lowered from 10 to 8 thousand dollars of annual income for a four-member family . People earning less are eligible for food subsidies.

Carter’s Energy Program was discussed. in .WASHINGTON REPORT (Orshansky,Ł.W 9). which exCerpted statements by Congressmen. Thomas O’Neill,’ Robert Bird, Howard Baker, Henry Jackson and John’Anderson.

8. Poverty in the West was discussed in FROM EVERYDAY LIFE ’NO. 60 (Glasenapp, M 4:30). Government welfare programs and Unemployment benefits in.the United States were the progrlies: focus. Ł ’

Ł 9. The British Press was the subject of GREAT BRITAIN TODAY No. the pressure exerted by trade (Floyd, L 13:30) which discussed 30 unions and workers on the British press, which can be construed as a type of "censorship."

11. Atoll. Eniwetok’s Natives, Resettled from the:Jslands Where. Americans Carried.Out Nuclear Tests, were reported to have returned home after’thirty.years. in RADIO JOURNAL ABROAD (Storo,- zhenko, NY 8).

11. FRENCH AGRICULTURE No. 11 (Muravina, P 9) discussed the activities of Aleksei Gourvennec, the president of the French association of vegetable producers, noting his contributions to the organization and unification of agricultural marketing comprising thousands of French cooperatives and many producers.

Ł D. ŁCULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1.’Ł The 30th Anniversary of illusskaya-Mys1". was observed in CULTURE,- EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Mirsky, ShakoVskaya, Weldle, Galich and, Litvinov’, P 1U:30).

2. The Philosophy of Henri Bergson was discussed in THE PHILO- SOPHY OF THE NEW TIMES No. 24 (Piatigorsky, L 13:30).

PRESS REVIEW consisted’of :B-1 ’(Predtechevsky, Bensi, Vardy and Roitman, M 10:30). ’ Ł

gic/MB - 6 -

NEWS COVERAGE

All RFE.BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in their newscasts of April 22:.

A top official, has said progress in SALT’is tied in with strict observance of non-interference in Mosdow’s affairs.

Zaire has claimed more success in its offensive against the. .invaders of its southern province of Shaba. ’

Jimmy-Carter has discussed Zaire and China at a news conference. Ł .There was fresh anti -government violence’ throughout Pakistan .today and at least 26 people are reported to have been killed.

Syria and the Soviet Union have pledged to .Work for a

Ł Scomprehensive settlement in the Middle East.Ł - The Foreign Minister of Syrnajs in.Washington for.talks about the impending meeting in Geneva of Presidenta Carter and Hefei!,

Israeli Premier Yitzhak Rabin today formally handed over his powers to Defence Idmister Shimon. Peres.

That socialist meeting in Florence ended with criticism of repression in Eastern Europe.. right:. ’Mario Soares has praised Jimmy Carter’s defense of human he Former. Spanish Premier Carlos Arias .Navarro has disclosed

Ł van_ stand as a rightwing candidate in June’s parliamentarY Ł elections. :

Anatoly Shcharaniiky has again been, accused of being a spy.

More Polish workers have been released from jail. .

:Italy. has announced new security measures. postponed.. 4.F4’ Fishing talks between the.EEC andPoland have been *) The CS BD did not use this item. **) The Hungarian BD did not use this item. . warp !IlohŁ Era MS&

RADIO. LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 96

.(A’summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadgast:.Analysis No.96 . for Saturday. and Sunday, 23 and 24 April 1977 .Roy Delon

A. SOVIET TOPICS.-- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Representatives of the All -Union Central Trade Unions (VTsSPS) Were Barred fromthe US reported ROUND TABLE No. 2 (G.Rahr, V. Belotserkovsky, L. Roitman, and J. Chianurov, M 20) of April 24. The moderator invited the panelists to explain the backgroun,d of the State Department’s action of not admitting VTsSPS representatives to the US who wanted to attend a labor union meeting. The panelists examined the legal, moral, social, economic, and political issues involved, observing that this action was based on a law of 1952. The law requires that special individual permission be granted for the admission of members of the CP. They pointed out that Congressman Robert F. Drinan has submitted a new draft which seeks to modify that law. Furthermore, the President of AFL-CIO George Meany, a man considered to be one of America’s most influential men, called for the barring of the Soviet trade union delegation. Since the panelists held the VTsSPS to be apolitical and economic aim of the state, the moderator next called for a discussion of the precise nature of the Soviet trade unions. The analysis which followed revealed that the VTsSPS engages in limited activities but can’t call a strike. Their activities were best described by Chalidze in his New York lectures, in which he said that the Soviet workers are allowed to criticize local management but can not defend workers’ interests.

2 riculture. The prospects for further developing grain production were examined by ECONOMISTS ON THE SOVIET ECONOMY No. 121 (J. Chianurov, M 9) of April 23. The program pointed out that this sector provides a stark example of the drawbacks of the socialist method of cultivating land according to a collective and industrial model. The question was posed as to why the grain problem has not yet been solved. The program en- deavored to supply the answers.’

rlt 2 -

The strange Soviet attitude toward individual and cooperative farming as a source of food and its consequences for yields was one of the topics of RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (L. Tenson and V. Belotserkovsky, M 6) of April 23.

3: US Aid to the Nations of the USSR. SIGNAL No. 417 (L. Predtechevsky, M 9) of April 24 was an anniversary- orientated program dealing with various aspects of the country’s development during the past 60 years of Soviet rule. This installment dealt with US aid during the 1920s, 30s and 40s.

4. Dissidents. SPECIAL PROGRAM Schlipppe, M 28:30) of April 23 reported on a one-hundred day hunger strike in the Mordovian camps by ten inmates who demanded official recognition of their status as political prisoners. The program transmitted the text of a declaration signed by about seventy prisoners in 1970 and sent to the legislative commission of the Supreme Soviet Ak of the USSR. Among the prisoners was V. Bukovsky, an inmate at lip that time in the Vladimirov Prison, who recently wrote a kind of an introduction to the declaration and whose voice could be heard on voice clips.

The latest news concerning A. Shcharansky and other members of the Helsinki watch group was reviewed on the basis of the latest TASS announcement by RADIO JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION (V. Belo- tserkovsky, M 3) of April 23.

5. Samizdat. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1307 (B. Burshtein, M 29:30) of April 23 broadcast readings devoted to "The Case of Tverdokhlebov," Part 6. His final statement and the court of appeals review of his complaint were featured. The program was keyed to the sentencing of the Secretary of the Soviet section of Amnesty International on 15 April 1976 to a five-year exile. The readings are based on the text published by Chronicle New York) of the minutes of the proceedings at that trial. Ł

6. Brezhnev-Komsomlets No. 1. MISCELLANEOUS THEMES No. 195 (L. Predtechevsky, M 2:30) of April 23 dealt with the generation gap in the Soviet Union and the views of gerontologists of the Soviet leadership at various stages of the hierarchy.

7. The Stalin EraThe Mystery of Stalin’s Death and Beria’s Conspiracy, as viewed by A. Avtorkhanov in his Posey publication of 1976, was featured on FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 645 (A. Avtor- khanov, M 18:30) of April 23. The program consisted of verbatim readings from that work. Ł Stalinism and the revolution from above were assessed at Prof. R. Tucker’s seminar in 1975 as distinct phenomena which have no direct connection with Leninism, according to

SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN TOTALITARIAN COUNTRIES No. 40 (41. Agursky, Isr 9) of April 23.

RADIO JOURNAL: 8. Lenin’s 107th Birth Anniversary was observed on THE SOVIET UNION, No. 164 ( V. Belotserkovsky, M 11) of April 23 he achieved by recalling the historical circumstances under which state which the leadership of Russia, became a sharp critic of a death when he had helped to create, and the consequences of his the rule evolved to Stalin and his successors.

of Some traits of Lenin’s character, as observed by Professor Krasnaya Psychiatry V.P. Osipov in his article for the quarterly ex- Letopis (The Red Annals) Łof 1927, were explored by reading WEEK tensive excerpts from that article on 50 YEARS AGO THIS No. 135 (Yu. Gendler, NY 13:30) of April 24.

protests None of the numerous political emigrants evoked such everything and on returning to Russia as Lenin, who attacked himself everybody on his arrival in Petrograd, where he found TO in complete isolation even among the Bolsheviks, TURNING program HISTORY No. 10 (A. Levin, NY 29) of April 23 noted. The was devoted to the revolutionary period 60 years ago,

who dis- 9. A Talk with Mikhail A. Stelmakh, a man of letters he cussed the lives of the Soviet people, the reasons why Mario emigrated and the assistance he received from Congressman performer, The story of Stelmakh, a former circus Biaggi. lecturer worker, variety actor, writer, front-line soldier, and NY 18:30) was the subject of GUEST THIS WEEK No. 26 (V. Rudolf, of April 24.

Gusev’s Article 10. Reactions to Soviet Deputy Attorney General average American in "The New York Times" of February 23 from the that New man, from Valery Chalidze in an article in anSwer to published York Times article, and Andrei Sakharov’s statement HELSINKI AND by the same paper on March 29 were the topics of HUMAN RIGHTS No. 64 (R. Dudin, NY 9) of April 24.

No. 41 Soviet Propaganda was analyzed by TOPIC OF DISCUSSION 11. material (M. Gordin, et al, .M 7:30) of April 24 on the basis of This received from Prof. Mark Yu. Perakh’ from Jerusalem. of Soviet program examined the domestic and foreign applications propaganda. See Russian DBA No. 93, A-4. 12. Oskar Rabin’s Exhibition in Paris was the concluding segment of TOPIC OF DISCUSSION No. 41 (M. Gordina, et al, M 7:30) of April 24. The program served as a peg for a discussion with journalist A. Glezer on the situation of Soviet non -conformist artists who remained behind in the USSR.

13. Detente. Zbigniew Brzezinski’s press conference was reviewed on TOPIC OF DISCUSSION No. 41 (M. Gordin, et al M 7:30) of April 24 against the background of ’Vance’s mission to Moscow. National Security Advisor Brzezinski articulated some of the divergencies of method and purpose which complicate Soviet -US relations. Verbatim citations of his statements were used to emphasize his stand on the US resolve to reach agreements via concessions on both sides. Voice clips of Brzezinski’s press conference were used.

14. Religion in the USSR. Literaturnava Gazeta articles entit1e41/ "Religious Freedom and Slanderers"of 13 and 20 April 1976 were analyzed on ROUND TABLE No. 1 (L. Vladimirov, L.Yu. Vishnevskaya, Levitin-Krasnov , and G. Rahr, M 20) of April 23 by guest panelists who knew personally the four persons attacked by Roshchin, the author of the article. In his introductory remarks, the program moderator traced the possible purposes of Roshchin’s article, which may include the threat of arrests to come or an attempt to suppress religious freedom in the USSR by intimidation. The panelists also analyzed an Izvestia article of 2 December 1964 by jurist Gotkin, who usurped the roles of prosecutor and judge of those who practice religion.

An unusual ecumenism was the description given by RELIGION IN CCNTEMPORARY WORLD No. 277 (M. Bourdeaux, L 9) of Tpril 23 of a joint petition signed last year by representatives of six religious denominatIons represented in the USSR. The author presented his own views of that document.

A.E. Litvin-KrasithiPs "Hard Times" (G. Rahr, M 20) of April 24 reviewed a work dealing with the Russian Orthodox Church during the 1920s and 30s as narrated by the author, who took part in an unauthorized organization of young Socialists. The author declared that he still considers himself a "Christian Socialist."

15. What Has Been Decided About the TU-144? MISCELLANEOUS THEMES No. 194 (L. Predtechevsky, M 6:30) of April 23 posed this question in connection with the mid-April announcement about two experimental flights of this supersonic plane. The author recalled the tragic flight of this plane at the Paris Air Show and dealt with a number of factors which the Soviet media have not published. 16. Galich’ Sang "After the Party" was performed by the composer, who read his own introduction on CULTURE, EVENTS, PERSONS (L. Vladimirov, M 3) Of April 23.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL No. 5 (S. Vardy, M9) of April 24 featured coverage of theY sales of periodicals other than socialist on the streets of Sofia, Bulgaria, for the first time since World War Two. Honecker’s change of tactics vis- a-vis the intelligentsia in the wake of Biermann’s departure; and other topical developments in the GDR, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were included.

An interview with Reiner Kunze was featured on CULTURE, EVENTS, PEOPLE IL. Predtechevsky, M 10) of April 23 and included a brief biography and a discussion of his writings.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1., The 50th Anniversary of the French League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism was observed on TOPIC OF DISCUSSION No. 41 (M. Gordina, et al, M 7:30) of April 24. The program was pegged to the broad issue of human rights in the USSR and the protests against their abuse by the US Government, including President Carter.

2. Carter’s Energy Program was presented by WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Gregory, et al. M 6) of April 23 on the basis of his press conference.

3. A Zaire Situatiofier and a discussion of the broader implications of the fighting there were given on WORLD THIS WEEK (V. Gregory et al, M 3:30) of April 23.

4.. David’ Owen’i Fact -Finding Tour of Southern Africa Was covered on WORLD THIS WEEK (1. Gregory et al, M 1:30) of 7q)ril 23. The program. focused on his talks in .Rholesia :5. Sino-AmeriCan Relations; Part 3,-...were examined from the point of view of the Convergence of. commonly’ shared natiOnal security interests on PEKING .ND ’ITS POLICY No. 416 (E. .Shilaeff; NY 9) of April 23 along, the lines of Prof. A.. Doak Bernet-’s article in Foreign Relations of April 16. This installment presented Barnett’s-views on the positions of Peking and Washington -regarding Soviet influence in East Asia, He notesŁa’convergence of US and Chinese policies vis-a-vis Japan. The Ł pro§ram noted that he: recommends :a very’cautious approach to the question Of.direct military cooperation betweenthelJS and CPR.

6. Freedom of the Press, as reflected at the UNESCO-sponsored colloquium in Florence, was discussed on WORLD LAST WEEK .(V. Gregory, M3:30) of April 23 by noting the position assumed by -the Soviet delegation.’

7. The Spanish King’s Visit Łin the FRG was covered on WORLD LAST. WEEK (V. Gregory, M 3:30) of April 23. The program reviewed the opinions of West German journalists relating to democracy in Spain and her place in the EEC.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Man’s Salvation, Part 3, was pondered on MAN IN TODAY’S WORLD No. 18 (A..Shmeman, NY 9) of April 24 in accordance with the Ł Christian understanding of that concept.

2. Women Who Remained Faithful to Jesus Christ after his death were the subject of SUNDAY TALK No. 1044 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) of April 23.

3. NASA’s New Space Research Program was reviewed on SCIENCE Ł AND TECHNOLOGY NO.65(E. Muslin, NY 13:30) of April 23. Its aim is to study the nature of quasars and other sources of pulsation in order to discover where they obtain their energy and, eventually, to harness this energy for man’s benefit.

4. French Films Politically Engaged were discussed on CULTURE, EVENTS, PEOPLE (B. Litvinoff, P 7) or April 23. ŁŁ gk/ SL - 7 -

NEWS COVERAGE of .. these stories in their newscasts All RFE BDs and RL/NS-earried. Apri1.23.: . . . . censorship has imposed a limited press, The Pakistani government Premier Bhutto. to stem political opposition to in its efforts . . . . Ł . . Polish Workers’ Defense Committee Two people associated with the Radom. . have been detained in.the town of . Ł . . sending a Ł government is reportedly considering The Lebanese part of the country. end the fighting in the southern’ force to . , ...... -former are trying .toestablish. whether Israeli authorities currency ’ Minister:Eban’s: U.S. bank account .violated Voreign . .. regulations. . . . . pays aAvlideast peace must tifIsraeWForeign Anister.Yigal Allon demands for a homeland. Ł Ł take account of Palestinian ...... Prague say. a. conferenCethivolving *Unofficial reports from Will begin in from both East and Vest Europe communist parties , . ’Capital next Wednesday... ’taw Czeehoelovak . . . . the. Soviet Union and, praised President.of./airt.has attacked The his country. Ł China over their policies toward ,- . . . . . oil and-gas leak . we’re today fighting a.serious crude Ł Oil men spark could set Ł ’North Sea amid. dangers that a single in the an explosion.and an enormous fire. off . . . ’ .. . . Ł , Perez, who is trying, to’ heal the Venezuelan President Carlos increases,. world’s major exporters on price division among the today.. after talks in Qatar earlier ,is in Kuwait tonight . . . . have ’voted overwhelmingly ’in the ’southwest Philippines*, **;People Into an’ autonomous Moslem against plans to merge 13 provinces O ...... Ł Ł . . . . , . . Ł spying for Libya have reportedly ...Ten Egyptians ’charged with being spies. - . ’confessed at their trial to

19 schoolchildren and four Reports from Romania today say that avalanche in the teachers were killed last Sunday in an Carpathian mountains. this item. *) The Polish BD did not use these items. **) The Romanian BD did not use - .NEWS :COVERAGE

All RFE BDs and RI/NS carried these stories in their newscasts. of April 24:

An attempt is to made tomorrow morning to start plugging a leak in an oil well which has been spewing thousands of, tons of oil into the North Sea.

Ł Syrian troops of the Arab peace -keeping force in Lebanon are fighting leftist gunmen in Beirut today following the killing of two peace force soldiers’ Friday. ’

More Pakistani opposition leaders are under detention today.

Ethiopia is expelling officials of six foreign nations together with their families.

Polish police are reported to have released two people associlitc with the workers’ix.....fsnse committee detained in Radom of Friday.

Ł Polish Primate Cardinal Wyszynski says there is no place in Poland for force and violence.

Egypt’s vice President says Egypt is ready to patch up its relations with the USSR.

Israeli Finance Ministry investigators met former Foreign minister Eban today to discuss his bank account in the U.S. 27 Israelis were injured early today when a bomb exploded in their bus. ’

* Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko left Moscow today for an officia visit to India.

*) RL/NS did not use this item. LI ipso sm.! Warm

Ł RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 97

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- language programming appears at the end of the DEA.) Ł

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 97

for Monday, 25 April 1977

J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -Indian Relations were the subject of NOTE (Rahr, M 6:30) which was pegged to Gromyko’s visit to India. The new Indian government announced a few days ago that it does not intend to renounce the friendship treaty signed with the Soviet Union in 1971, although some adjustments might be made in order that the friendship treaty does not stand in the way of the development of relations between India and other countries. Reference was made to the new Indian government’s emphasis on true non-alignment, noting that this would certainly be the most important question on the agenda for Gromyko. The second most important question was opined to be that of Soviet economic help for India, in connection with the Soviet -Indian conflict over the re-evaluation of the ruble in relation to the rupee.

2. Soviet -Egyptian Relations were the topic of ANALYSIS (Henkin, M 6:30) which discussed the significance of the statement by Egyptian Vice-President Mubarak that his country is ready to halt the process of worsening relations with the Soviet Union. It was noted that Egyptian Fordgn Minister Fahmi has met several times with the Soviet ambassador to Egypt, Polyakov, in the past five days, and in Fahmi’s words, relations are not especially warm. 2 IMO

3. Human Rights. PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5) discussed a meeting of West European parliamentarians organized by the French Socialist Party on the situation of Jews in the Soviet Union. The meeting’s participants presented reports on the systematic anti-. semitic attacks in the Soviet press, presented examples of KGB persecution of Jewish activists and of how the authorities encourage anti-semitism. Reference was made to the formation of the Committee of Physicists in Defense of Yuri Orlov.

NOTE (Vardi, M 5:30) reported the arrest of two members of the Ukrainian CSCE monitoring group, Miroslav Marinovich and Mykola Matusevich, who were charged with participation in anti-Soviet activities. It was pointed out that searches of the apartments of nine members of the Ukrainian human rights movement were made at di the same time. Human rights violations in the Ukraine were reviewed.1"v

The publication of the 120th issue of the Vestnik Russkogo Khristians- kogo Dvizhenia was noted in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Struve, P 7:30) which made special reference to an interview with Solzhenitsyn, in which he discoursed on why he became an author, his working methods and which authors are his favorites.

Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union was the topic of an article by Bernard Levin in The Times (London), featured in LONDON REPORT (Vovchok, L 5:30).

LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1308 (Burshtein, M 27:30) featured a collection of excerpts from letters by Vladimir prison inmates together with official answers to the prisoners’ complaints.

Galich’ The Right to Rest was featured in THEY SING No. 527 (Mitina, M4:30).

4. The Publication of the First Volume of the Soviet Military Encyclopedia was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, M 2) using an article from the Sueddeutsche Zeitung, which noted that the compilers of the first volume of the encyclopedia disregarded the norms of scientific objectivity.

5. "Politics and Soviet-American Trade," an article in Foreign Affairs by Harvard University Professor, Daniel Joergen, was excerpted in NEW YORK REPORT No. 232-77 (Gendler, NY 4).

6. Soviet Agriculture. MAN ON EARTH (Lobas, NY (:30) discugged Soviet press accounts of government technical aid for the cultivation of virgin soil regions and the socialist obligations of Soviet private farmers, 7. "Moscow and Eurocommunism," an article by Bernard Feron in Le Monde Diplomatioue, was featured in ARTICLE (Mirsky, P 6).

8. "Stalin - Several Pages of a Political Biography," an article by Roy Medvedev published in the samizdat publication Dvadtsativ Vek (The Twentieth Century), was excerpted in RADIO SEMINAR No. 404 (Koryakov, NY 13:30) which featured the chapter dealing with the period 1934-1939.

9. The Exhibition of Russian and Soviet Painting in the Metropolitan Museum of Art was reviewed in CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No. 72 (Litvinov, P 1:30).

10. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 646 (Kunta, M 24).

11. US-Soviet Disarmament Negotiations. Harold Brown’s speech in Rochester, during which he answered Soviet accusations concerning American SALT proposals presented in Moscow, was excerpted in MILITARY DETENTE No. 53 (Predtechevsky, 1330). The program also discussed the polemic over the classification of the American cruise missiles and the Soviet "Backfire" bomber.

CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Dissidents. The activities of the Polish human rights movement were discussed in NOTE (Vardi, M 5:30), which reported the release of 10 workers who had been sentenced to various terms of impiisonment for participation in the June food riots. The recent activities of the Ł Polish Committed in Defense of the Workers were reviewed, noting corresponding repressive actions taken against the committee’s members by the government.

The Ear by Czech writer Jan Prochazka was discussed by in EAST EUROPEAN WITNESSES No. 45 (Gorbenevskaya, P 17:30), which also noted the repressive measures taken against him by the Czechoslovak authorities. The Ear was recently published by a Czech -language publishing house in Cologne. ,

PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, M 1:30) commented on the press campaign directed against the Charter 77 signatories, using an artiale from La Liberation. 4

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Africa was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr and Bensi, M 4:30). The New York Times commented on Ethiopia’s rejection of the services of American military advisors and the country’s decision to close American installations in Ethiopia. The paper opined that Ethiopia is hoping to establish closer relations with the Soviet Union in order that the USSR might exert pressure on Somalia, which has been supporting insurrectionist movements in Ethopia It was noted that despite the refusal of American military advisors, Ethiopia will continue to receive some American weapons. La Stampa commented on the conference of the leaders of the French-speaking countries of Africa, which included the participation of Giscard, asserting that France intends to play a more active role on the African continent. W

2. President Carter’s Policies on Human Rights. Carter’s intention to achieve the ratification of UN human rights conventions was the subjec of NEW YORK REPORT No. 231-77 (Davydov, NY 4) which noted that the United States is the only remaining major power which has not ratified the UN convention on genocide which was adopted by the UN 29 years ago. It was pointed out that this convention has been awaiting confirmation by the Senate since 1949. It was opined that the document has a better chance for ratification this year since the principal obstacle, the opposition of the Association of American Lawyers, has been removed.

Carter’s human rights policy was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Bensi, M 2) which used an article from The Chicago Tribune. The paper commented on the support from both right and left elements of the public for Carter’s "moral" emphasis in American foreign relations.

3. Portugal. ANALYSIS (Bensi, M 4:30) traced Portugal’s evolution toward democracy from a right-wing semi -Fascist dictatorship which was ended by a coup three years ago.

4. French-Vietnamese Relations were reviewed in PARIS REPORT (Mirsky, P 5 ), pegged to the Vietnamese Foreign Minister’s visit to France. Reference was made to Giscard’s statement, that relations between France and Vietnam will not only be "normal" but especially close. French aid to Vietnam was reviewed.

5. Carter’s Energy Program was the topic of an article in Time Magazine, excerpted in ARTICLE (Storozhenko, NY 3:30).

6. Spain. ARTICLE (Perouansky, M’4) excerpted an article by American commentator Sulzberger, based on his discussions with Carrillo last August. 5 MOD

7. "The Troubled Detente" by Albert L. Weeks was reviewed in BOOKS, JOURNALS AND IDEAS No. 116 (Petrovskaya, NY 9).

8. AMERICA -DEEDS AND PEOPLE No. 41 (Navrozov, NY 9:30) discussed the democracy within American trade unions, and the democratic resolution of "conflicts of interest" among the trade unions.

9. The Municipal Elections in France were compared to a theatrical spectacle in WITH THE EYES OF THE CRITIC AND SPECTATOR No. 8 (Igoshina, P 7).

10. David Owen’s Visit to the Middle East was the topic of LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4:30).

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC. TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: -

1. Experiments of American Scientists to Artificially Induce Rain were discussed in MAN ON THE EARTH No. 135 (Lobas, NY 4).

2. The 175th Anniversary of the Birth of Victor Hugo was observed in IN THE WORLD OF POETRY No. 1 (Betaki, P 8).

3. French Film Director Jean-Pierre Blan was noted to be making a film based on the novel of Czech author Milan Kundera called The Farewell Waltz in CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No. 72 (Litvinov, P 1:30).

PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, Bensi and-Vardi, M 10) consisted of A-4 (Vardi, M 2), B-1 (Bensi, M 1:30), C-1 (Rahr and Bensi, M 4:30) and C-3 (Bensi, M 2).

gk/ SL -.6 - NEWS COVERAGE *- All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in April 25,: their newscasts of

High waves today forced American experts to call attempt to ofEtheir plug a leak in a North Sea oil well. Zdenek Mlynar, a prominent signer of Charter 77, Ł hopes to said today he leave Czechoslovakia and go to Austria. Polish police have released five members of the worker& Defense committee detained since Saturday.

Polish party leader Gierek has condemned what of he cal opponents socialism in Poland inspired from abroad. .- _The government of Zaire says its troops, backed by Moroccan’, ’forces, today recaptured the rebel-held town of Mutshatsha. President Carter and King Hussein of Jordan began three days of meetings today on ways to reach a Middle East peace. Ł British Foreign Secretary Owen and Egyptian Foreign binister Ismali Fahmi today con4rred on the Middle East situation. Syrian peacekeeping troops battled Palestinian two extremists near guerrilla camps on the outskirts of Beirut today. The Ethiopian government today ordered the only three western journalists permanently based in the country to leave. Vietnamese Premier Pham Van Dong is visiting France for talks wi French leaders. Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko has discussed Soviet-edi relations with India’s Fpreign minister. Portuguese President Banes marked the third anniversary of the ending of dictatorship in his country by calling for democratic unity enforced by a non-partisan army. President Carter announced today that he will reappoint Malcolm Toon as ambassador to the Soviet Union. The Polish airline Lot today confirmed that an armed man tried Ł to hijack one of its aircraft at Krakow airport last night. nP111 VIM 11"&ii

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 98

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 96 for Tuesday, 26 April 1977 J. Vale Ł

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL:

1. The Role of Personal Plots in the Soviet Economy was discussed in ANALYSIS (Roitman, M 6), pegged to a recent pronouncement of the Ukrainian CP-CC on agriculture. It was shown that this new statement, which energetically supports extending help to the holders of private plots, represents a new turn in the tortuous Soviet policy on private farms. The program pointed out that private farming has Ł shown itself profitable and to have provided a stable eccinomic base. The CPSU policies on private farming over the years were reviewed.

2. Oil Production in the Soviet Union was the topic of WASHINGTON REPORT No. 883 (Savemark, W 10), which excerpted and discussed the CIA report on the development of the oil industry in the Soviet Union, including English-language tape-cuts of CIA Director Stans- field Turner’s presentation of his report.

3. Gromyko’s Visit to India was discussed in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 4). Desai’s decision to follow a truly non-aligned policy was considered to be one of the concerns of the Soviet government, and most certainly on the agenda for discussion during Gromyko’s visit.

PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky and Henkin, M 3:30). The Sueddeutsche Zeitunq compared this visit to Genscher’s recent trip to India. The paper reviewed the development of Soviet -Indian relations during Gandhi’s rule. The Daily Telegraph noted the tactical error of the Soviet government in supporting Gandhi’s introduction of a state of emergency as well as her arrest of members of the opposition. Ł 4. Dissidents. The intensification of antisemitic propaganda in the Soviet Union was discussed in PROBLEMS OF LABOR AND DEMOCRACY No. 103 (Belotserkovsky, M 11), which included the text of an appeal from 300 Soviet Jews published in The Times (London) by the London CSCE monitoring group.

Vysotsky’s The Microphone Song was featured in THEY SING No. 528 (Mitina, M4:30).

5. Ideology as a Factor which Determines Foreign Policy was the topic of a ROUND TABLE TALK (Nadirashvili, Rahr, and Henkin, M 6), which was pegged to a statement by CPSU CC Secretary Zimyanin that the peace -loving foreign policy course of the Soviet Union is founded on ideology and the political system of the Soviet Union. Soviet propaganda which asserts that Soviet foreign policy is based on premises which serve the well-being of mankind was examined. The program discussed Carter’s foreign policy in this connection, noting. that his positions are also founded on principles.

6. Lenin’s Rules for Admission into the Comintern, published in 1920, were discussed in PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONALISM No. 2 (Silnitsky, NY 9). Reference was made to the assertions of Jiri Pelikan that the political processes which occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1949 and 1968 were not chance or isolated phenomena but a continuation of those processesŁ which had been evidenced in Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland and Romania. The program showed the connection between the Soviet role in Czecho- slovakia and Lenin’s theories of internationalism and the role of the CPSU.

7. Soviet -American Trade and Business Relations were the topic of PROBLEMS OF DETENTE No. 26 (Dudin, NY 9), which gave the details of a contract between the Soviet government and the American Bendix Compaq& about the construction of spark plug factories in the Soviet Union. IP The program was based on an article from Business Week.

8. Yuri Orlov was Cited on the Reasons for the Retardation of the Development of Soviet Science in 60 YEARS OF CONTROL OVER SCIENCE No. 2 (Verdi, M 9).

9. Eulogizing Military Glory. NAUM KORZHAVIN TALKS No. 13 (Korzhavin, NY 9) analyzed the prevalence of military themes in Soviet official ’ literature, noting that this martial emphasis is evidence ofŁthe militarization of Soviet culture.

10. The Plays of Soviet Playwright Aleksandr Shtein were discussed in WITH THE EYES OF THE CRITIC AND SPECTATOR No. 9 (Igoshina, P 12:30). 3

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Human Rights were a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, Bensi and. Vardi, M 5). The Economist commented on the fate of Yuri Orlov, the arrested chairman of the Soviet CSCE monitoring group, noting the offer of legal council from the British Lawyer, MacDonald. Die Welt discussed and excerpted the open letter of East German Professor Helmut Nietsche describing the systematic violation of the CSCE Final Act by the East German government. The organ of the Spanish socialist workers’ party, El Socialista. wrote about the human rights movement in Czecho- slovakia, noting that the Charter 77 and all similar dissident groups in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union strengthen the firm belief that socialism can only be successfully achieved in the conditions of freedom.

Czech dissent. NOTE (Bensi, M 4:30) discussed the case of Zdenek Mlynar who was removed from his job for "criminal activities:" that is,for having signed Charter 77. The program dealt with his book, Prague - an Open Question, which appeared recently in Italy. The book asserts that the problems which led to the Prague Spring exist for all the socialist countries, and that all talk about how the working class in socialist countries governs and controls the means of production belongs to the realm of empty rhetoric. Mlynar also challenged the view that the interests of individual groups of society disappear in the presence of socialism, noting that such terms as "the interests of communism"or "the interests of the working class" are devoid of any concrete significance. Finally, Mlynar ex- pounded his own program, which is similar to that of the Prague Spring, which adapts the judicial and political systems to allow different social groups to pursue their individual interests.

ARTICLE (Bensi, M 7) excerpted an article by Milovan Djilas published in Repubblica on the reasons for the dissident movement in Eastern Europe.

Ł C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC. TOPICS:

1. Ethiopia was the topic of NOTE (kahr, M 6:30), which reported the deportation of 326 Americans from Ethiopia, the closing of American institutions and institutes, the expulsion of the Reuter, Agence France Press and The Washington Post correspondents and the closing of an American telecommunication station in Asmara. It was suggested that these actions could be in response to Vance’s statement on the cessation of American military aid to Ethiopia in connection with human rights violations there. David Ottaway was cited in a recent article in The Washington Post that the United States never supplied Ethiopia with the quantity of weapons requested, or the quantity of weapons and military technology which would have been necessary to retain a balance of power between Ethiopia anti Somalia, which receives a considerably greater quantity of weapons from the Soviet Union. 4

2. Norway and Human Rights. NOTE (Matusevich, M 5:30) reported the Norwegian government’s memorandum entitled "Norway and the Inter- national Defense of Human Rights," which was noted to reflect the position of Norwegian Prime Minister Nordli, who said that the significance which Carter has accorded human rights has strengthened the authority of the Western democracies, and that the fight for human rights has become an integral part of detente politics.

3. The Visit of the Egyptian Vice-President to France was discussed in PARIS REPORT (Mirsky, P 5) which noted that Mubarak carried a personal message from Sadat to Giscard. L’Aurore was cited that Murabak’s visit had the aim: of informing France of Egypt’s program for a peaceful settlement of the Middle East conflict.

4. Hussein’s Visit to Washington was the topic of WASHINGTON REPORT K-167 (Orshansky, W 5:30), which noted that the visit is a step in the process of acquainting the Carter administration with the points of view of the many sides involved in the normalization of the situ-11, ation in the Middle East.

5. American Miscellaneous. CONTRIBUTION TO THE "ZA RUBEZHOM SERIES" No. 8 (Storozhenko, NY 12) discussed the pressing problem of the American government of how to stop the flow of illegal immigrants, and noted that the town of Sea Cliff has a mayor of Russian origin - Ivan Pushchin.

6. The West European Social Charter was the topic of ON DIFFERENT THEMES No. 192 (Verdi, M 6), which reviewed the history of the document. It was noted that the "Social Charter" guarantees the inhabitants of the signatory countries equal rights independent of race, sex, religious belief or nationality. So far it has been ratified by ten European countries.

7. The Standard of Living and Unemployment in the West was the topicAl of an article in the Sueddeutsche Zeitung, featured in PROBLEMS OF IIP SOCIETY AND ECONOMICS No. 59 (Glasenapp, M 9).

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Awarding of the Pullitzer Prizes was the topic of NEW YORK REPORT No. 226-77 (Gendler, NY 4:301.

PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, Vardi, Henkin, Rahr and Bensi, M 8:30) consisted of A-3 (Predtechevsky and Henkin, M 3:30) and B-1 (Rahr, Bensi and Vardi, M 5).

gk/SL Ł-Ł

- 5 - NEWS COVERAGE.

All RFE BDs and RUNS carried these stories i their newscasts of April 26: Two Polish dissident; Jacek Kuron and Jan Josef Lipski, been ordered have to report for questioning about allegations that they maintain contacts which could damage Poland’s political . interests. The United’ States and the Soviet Union announced tonight -their that arms negotiators Will meet An Geneva two weeks from. tomorrow. Ł

President Carter says there must be substantial proapects for.. success before a Geneva conference on the Middle East is. convened. The president has also said he thinks the.U4.Ł commitment’ to human rights has aroused world interest -in the subject.

’In Moscow it is reported that a !jaw fired, from his job in 1972 for.wanting to emigrateŁwill be tried next week for vagrancy.

A- usually Well-informed newspaper in ’’Pakistan says prime Bhutto minister has met. with a key opposition leader to try to end more . than six weeks of violence. A team -of American experts trying to cap an oil well leak in the North . Sea had to abandon the rig today because winds failed-. .to disperse leaking gas fumes. . Soviet Foreign MinistersGromyko conferred for two hours with Indian Premier Morarji Desai.in New Delhi today. Ł Ł ’French President Valery Gisbard d’Estaing .has renewed French support for Vietnam’s bid to become a member of the United Nations.

Ł SeniorŁrepresentatives of communist parties from East and Vest are ’gatheringin Prague for a meeting expected to begin tomorrow.

The director of the CIA has reiterated the findings of an agency report which says the Soviet Union will soon become a major oil importer. The first contingent’of Americans ordered out of Ethiopia by the military regime has arrived in AthenD% A Young Romanian woman is now in France following a 13 -day Paris .— hunger strike by her fiance. -* Czechoslovakia has been held to a draw by Canada at the World Ice Hockey championshi.ps. *) The Polish BD did not use this item. nEr nalj =Pm !MOWN vim

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS No.; 99

(A summaryof the news coverage by the Russian- language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 99 for Wednesday, 27 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Religion in the Soviet Union was the topic of NOTE (Rahr, M 7 which reported the Literaturnaya Gazeta,s attacks on Russian Orthodox priests Gleb Yakunin and Dimitry Dudko, and religious activists Lev Regelson and Aleksandr Ogorodnikov. Their cases were reviewed. Reference was also made to the American Congres- sional CSCE monitoring commission hearings on Soviet non-observance of the provisions on freedom of religion.

LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1309 (Burshtein, M30) featured information of the situation of the church in Georgia compiled by Evuard Gamsakhurdia, a member of the Tbilisi chapter of the CSCE Final Act watchdog commission and of the Soviet section of Amnesty International.

2. The Energy Situation in the Soviet Union was reviewed in NOTE (Predtechevsky, M 6). The program cited the CIA report on the world energy situation, which pointed out that by 1985 the Soviet Union would. have to import oil.

3. The Renewal of the SALT Negotiations in Geneva on May 11 was the subject of WASHINGTON REPORT No. 884 (Savemark, W 6), which pointed out that there have been a series of meetings between President Carter and Ambassador Dobrynin in Washington during the last several weeks.

4. "Fixing the Books." EVERYDAY PROBLEMS OF SOVIET ECONOMICS No. 66 (Chianurov, M 4:30) illustrated how the common Soviet practice of manipulating statistics to show generous but imaginary plan fulfillment is also evident in the records of schools. RL Research paper RS 69/77 of March 28 was used. 5. Post-Revolutionary Rituals in the Soviet Union were discussed in DO YOU REMEMBER? (Pylaev, M 9) which noted the de- ritualization of civil and religious holidays and services as well as the introduction of "revolutionary" holidays after -1917.Ł Reference was made to Soviet press excerpts describing the celebrations of these new "holidays."

6. SOVIET PROPAGANDA No. 2 (Perakh, L 9) discussed the four traits of propaganda: first, propaganda is an entire process; second, it manipulates symbols; third, it is directed to elicit uniform behavior from a group of people; and last, it is aimed at large social groups.

7. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 647 (Kunta, M 19).

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Taiwan Was Noted to Be the Main Problem in the China Policy of the US in NEW YORK REPORT No. 235-77 (Shilaev, NY 5) which cited President Carter’s statement that America will not sacrifice the independence and freedom of the Taiwanese in seeking to normalize relations with the PRC.

2. "Cubans Admit to Having Serious Economic Difficulties in Their Country" was the title of an article in The New York Times, excerpted in NEW YORK REPORT No. 236-77(Storozhenko, NY 4).

3, The Visit of the Head of the Vietnamese Government to France was discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, M 1). L’Aurore noted the irony of the friendly meeting between two former enemies.

4. Yugoslavia’s Role in the Nonaligned Movement was discussed in EAST EUROPEAN CHRONICLE No. 175 (Pusta, M 13:30), which also dealt with the anti-Soviet campaign in the Yugoslav press.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Africa was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, M 2:30). The Sueddeutsche Zeitunq noted the financial aid promised by France to African states. The paper also commented on the meeting between Tito and Neto, noting Tito’s warning against competition among the great powers in Black Africa. The Washington Post institutions of Western consulates and wrote that the closing extenu- arouse uneasiness because of the in Ethiopia should not York war in Eritrea. The New ating circumstances of the civil claiming that these actions were was of another opinion, Times directed at a break with indicative of a new Ethiopian policy Western countries.

was a topic of PRESS REVIEW 2. G Financial Times contrasted the (Pre te- evsky, M 2:30). The view concerning the friendship Indian with the Soviet point of The Soviets assert that the treaty between the two nations. the improvement of Indian treaty will not interfere with that the relations with other countries. The Indians insist other treaty must not interfere with the improvement of these after relations. The paper noted that the visit was arranged Premier Desai had made no attempt to conceal his anti- communist feelings.

TV Program Versus Jean The Director of the First French 3. reported the Montaldo. PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P5:30) TV program, when incident which occured on the first French unplanned announcement by a feature was interrupted by an France because it was Montaldo that there was censorship in Means of the PCF forbidden to refer to his book The Financial with .the film being shown. on TV. His statement had no connection censorship in France was It was explained that his reference to but to the pressure of an allusion to government censorship, not prevented his partici- leftist journalists on television, which theme of his book. pation in a televised discussion on the

Program in the United States. 4. The Cruise Missile Development 4:30) used an article by NEW YORK REPORT No. 237-77 (Davydov, NY The paper claimed that the Drew Middleton in The New York Times. ready by 1980, and that a first model of cruise missiles will be 50 million dollars program of intensive development will cost over the classification more than estimated earlier. The conflict negotiations was also reviewed. of the cruise missiles in the SALT

the United States were dis- 5. The Results of Hussein’s Visit to (Orshansky, W 6:30) which cussed in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 168 interviews with CBS and Le noted that Hussein’s statements in ’Hussein said that he did Monde were not conducive to optimism. and Rabin that the Geneva not share the optimism of Carter, Sadat year. Middle East conference could be renewed this

the subject of LONDON 6. Trade Unions in Great Britain were in the near future REPORT (Chugunov, L 5:30). It was noted that whether to agree to a pro- the British trade unions will decide or to reject an longation of the limitation on salary increases the traditional method agreement with the government and return to workers and employers. of independent salary negotiations between - 4 -

Ł 7. The Results of the Meeting of EEC Agricultural Ministers were discussed in PARIS REPORT (Ryser, P 4:10) which focused on the price increases for agricultural products.

8. The Oil Spill in the North Sea was analyzed as an example of the dangers inherent in oil production in NOTE (Predtechevsky, M3).

9. French Piemier Bartels -Plans to Reinvigorate the French Economy were discussed in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5:30).

10. The Disarmament Committee Meetings. GENEVA REPORT (Nickelson, G 4) focused on the discussions on a chemical weapons ban. Statements by the head of the American delegation, Meier, were included.

11. The Meeting of the West German Social Democratic Party Presidium was discussed in BONN REPORT K 160107 (Krassovsky, B 4), which focused on inner-party problems in connection with the conflict between left and right wings of the party and the misuse of funds in Hessen.

12. Carter’s Upcoming Trip to Europe was a subject of PRESS REVIEW (Henkin, NY 2). James Reston wrote in The New York Times that Carter’s energy program received a more favorable reception in Europe than in the United States, and thus the timing for the visit could not be more favorable.

13. Plans for an International Court as Proposed Łin the preamble of the International Pact on the Inviolability of the Individual, were discussed in HUMANISM AND MODERN TIMES No. 30 (Aksenov, NY 9).

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. "Growth" in America - Quantity or Quality - was the topic of TOMORROW OF THE PLANET EARTH No. 208 (Patrushev, M 9), which questioned whether industrial progress necessarily implies an improved quality of life.

2. The Study of Flags, emblematics, was discussed in COLOR AND SYMBOL No. 1 (Kusjev, L 9).

PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, Predtechevsky and Henkin, M 8) consisted of B-3 (Henkin, M 1), C-1 (Vardi, M 2:30), C-2 (Predtechevsky, M 2:30) and C-12 (Henkin, M 2).

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NEWS -COVERAGE

RFE Bps and RUNS carried these stories in’theii newscasts of April 27: . . President Carter has called for legislation’ tighten restrictions on the export of nuclear fuel.

The U.S. has reaffirmed .its commitment to reconvening the Middle East peace talks in Geneva in the second half of this year.’

British Foreign Secretary Owen met Syrian President Assad in Damascus today. Ł A Soviet expert on the U.S. says President Garter’s defense of, hmman rights has caused a deterioration in the atmosphere of. detente.

Two’ members of the Workers’ Defense Committee in Poland’have. been told they are suspeoted of maintaining illegal contacts with Radio Free Europe and a Polish emigre.journall Kulturao Czechoslovak human rights activist Jan Tesar has reportedly . asked for government permission to leave the country.

Delegates from .75 communist parties are meeting in Prague. 1 The oil specialists trying to plug the’ leak in the oil well in’ the North Sea have again been.taken.off the rig. ’

Israeli soldiers and border guards today used clubs and tear gas to break up crowds in the West Bank town of NablUs. Ł .South African blacks stoned police" and set a beer ’hail on fire today in the Soweto ghetto outside Johannesburg. France and Vietnam have agreed to establish ’s joint commission to promote bilateral relations. - Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko is on his way home from India.

Pakistanis opposition leaders have renewed demands for new elections.

*A fresh attempt to mediate between Zaire and.Angola was made .by Nigeria today.

*) The Polish BD did not use this item.. Ł

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RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO, 100

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian - language programming appears at the and of theoDBA.)

Ł Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 100 for Thursday, 28 April 1977 J. Vale

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Dissidents. PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 5:30) discussed the letter from Sakharov and more than 80 members of the Soviet human rights movement to the workers of the Renault auto manufacturing firm, proposing that the French workers form a commission to examine activities of CSCE monitoring groups studying the SovietŁ observance of the CSCE Final Act. In this connection, the statement by the French Communist Revolutionary League to the leaders of the trade unions of the four principal Renault factories that they must demonstrate the dedication of the French workers for the cause of freedom in general, and freedom of speech the Soviet Union in particular, was noted.

The testimony of Evgeny Bresenden at the US Commission for Security and Cooperation in Europe hearings was discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT No. 169 (Orshansky, W 15:30). Bresenden, who emigrated from the Soviet Union because of the persecution he suffered there for his religious beliefs, focused on the situation of believers in the Soviet Union, making special reference to the case of the "Piatidesyatniki," a Christian religious sect.

A discussion with Emilia Pavlovna Ilina was featured in SPECIAL BROADCAST (Ilina and Schlippe, M 29). Ilina described her fight to emigrate from the Soviet Union, which was noted to have been documented in publications of the Moscow CSCE monitoring group., She discussed her reasons for emigration, her disillusionment with the Soviet system and the help she received from the Tol- stoy Foundation, and compared economic conditions in the West witiv-those in the Soviet Union. 61,

- 2 -

A letter from Lyudmilla Alekseevna, Andrei Amalrik and Vladimir Bukovsky published in The Times (London) on behalf of the arrested members of the Soviet CSCE monitoring groups was featured in LONDON REPORT (Vovchok, L 2:30).

)2. The Statements by Arbatov and Maksudov. ANALYSIS (Predte- chevsky, M 5:30). Arbatov’s statement that Carter’s human rights policy is jeopardizing the atmosphere of detente and US relations with theSoviet Union was shown to be at fault, since the observation of human rights is an international obligation undertaken by the Soviet Union. It was noted that Carter’s inclusion of moral criteria in American foreign policy is a world-wide policy and is not solely directed at the USSR. Maksudov’s remark, greeting the abatement of American criticism of Soviet huMan rights violations, was noted to be correct only insofar as the last several weeks have seen less official statements on this theme than in the ea her days of the administration. It was emphasized, however, tilt this does not signify an end to interest in the problem.

3. Soviet Activities in Africa were discussed in PRESS REVIEW (Nadirashvili, M 2). The Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq pointed to several new developments in the Soviet strategy in Africa. InlSomalia, which was considered by the Soviets to be almost "in the hand," they are losing ground. Ethiopia is increasing its ties with the Soviet camp, but only because of its fight with Somalia. The Soviet obtrusion in the Zaire conflict with Angola is eliciting a negative response from the West. It was postulated that the Soviet aid extended to "liberation" groups brings more complications than benefits.

4. Soviet Literature. NOTE (Finkelstein, M 4:30) reported the disappearance of the name Vladimir Toropygin, previously the editor-in-chief, fromthe magazine Avrora. This followed three. months after Avrora published a poem by Nina Korolev about the execution of the tsarist family. No connection would have necessarily been made between the two events had there not been a report from literary critic, Vladimir Soloviev, recently expelled from the Soviet Writers’ Union after applying to emigrate to Israel, that ’Toropygin was relieved of his position because of the Koroiev poem. The program questioned the justification of bridling poetry.

5. The Renewal of Soviet -American Negotiations on Strategic Arms Limitation was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Roitman, M 2). The Washing- ton Post reviewed the two American proposals presented during Vance’s Moscow visit.

6. The Origin of the Soviet Mav Dav Celebrations was discussed . in RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW No. 704 (1(Oryak0V, NY 33:50). Ł

7. Galich’s"How Strange That You’re a Wife" was featured in CULTURE, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Galich, M 10:30), which related the song to Akhmatova’s poem Requiem, about women left alone after the war.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Human Rights. NOTE (Bensi, M 5:30) reported that two members of the Polish Committee for the Defense of the Workers, Kuron and Lipski, were charged with having connections with Radio Free Europe and the Polish emigre magazine Kultura. The program pointed out that the charge was apparently founded on the fact that RFE broadcasts information on the activitiesof these men and the activities of the Committee. It was emphasized, however, that this is the extent of the connection, and that RFE is not the only information medium which follows developments of the Polish human rights movement.

PRESS REVIEW (Bensi and Predtechevsky, M 3) excerpted an article from the Neue Kronenzeitunq on the methods employed by the Czecho- slovak authorities in their fight against the dissidents, making reference to the announcement of former party secretary Mlynar that he intends to leave the country. The paper noted currently the most frequently employed method of making living conditions intolerable for dissidents is to deprive them of their source of income by expelling them from their jobs. The,Frankfurter Allqemeine Zeitunq analyzed the legal side of this same phenomenon, noting that the "right to work," is a provision in the International Pact on Civil and Political Rights.

The repressive actions Against Charten77aignatories and the internal political situation in Czechoslovakia were discussed in a recently published work by Zdenek Mlynar, a former CPCS- CC Secretary, excerpted in FOR YOUR FREEDOM AND OURS No. 45 (Silnitsky, NY 13:30).

2. The Prague Meeting to Discuss the Work of the Magazine "Problem. Mira i Sotsializma" was the topic of NOTE (Henkin, M 6) which pointed out although the guest list was lengthy, - the party representatives attending were not of the highest level. This was attributed to the magazine’s sharp attack against Eurocommunism in articles by Zhukov and Kadar. ^

INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. American Military Policy. NEW YORK REPORT No. 241-77 (Dudin, NY 5) noted that Carter has spoken of the importance of placing stricter controls on the export of American weapons abroad as a part of his disarmament strategy. Complications in this connection include the fact that arms sales are conducted by private firms as well as by the government and by many other countries. Thus, effective control over the distribution of weapons would demand an international agreement.

2. From Helsinki to Belgrade. WASHINGTON REPORT (Beloborodov, W 6) discussed the conference in Williamsburg at the Georgetown University Center for International Strategic Studies dealing with preparations for the CSCE follow-up conference to take place on May 15 in Belgrade. The opinions of the participants were cited on the degree to which they thought the provisions of the CSCE Final Act are being observed.

3. The Amnesty International Report on journalists imprisoned in various countries for fulfilling their professional function of informing the public was the subject of LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5).

4. A Correction to the Geneva Convention. ANALYSIS (Roitman, M6). described the latest developments at the conference on humanitarian law in Geneva, which included the extension of the status of prisoners of war to guerrillas. It was noted that formally the correction dealt with "combatants,’ although partisans who follow the rules of "legal warfare." are clearly what is meant.

5. Carter’s Diplomatic Appointments were discussed in NEW YORK REPORT No. 238-77 (Davydov, NY 4:30), which noted Carter’s decision to retain Malcolm Toon as the American Ambassador in Moscow and to appoint Kingman Brewster as the Ambassador to London. The program noted that the appointment of a diplomat to head the liaison group with the PRC has not yet been made.

6. President Carter’s Support for the Idea of Creating a Federal Consumer Protection Agency was reported in MULTISTORIED AMERICA No. 10 (Storozhenko, NY 13). 5

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Unity of Science Conference in San Francisco was the topic of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TODNY No. 38 (Muslin, NY 13:30). Ł This was nbted to be the sixth conference in a series dealing with the unity of science sponsored by the International Cultural Foundation which has its headquarters in New York. The conference has no concrete scientific goals’, but rather aims to afford several hundreds scientists from various countries the opportunity to discuss scientific and philosophical problems and the role of science in the rapidly changing modern world.

2. CHRONICLE OF CULTURAL LIFE No. 73 (Litvinov, P 6) discussed the international theater festival opening May 3 in Paris, Rosselini’s shooting of a documentary on the Pompidou National Center for Art and Culture in Paris, the opening of the Cannes Film Festival, the Zeffirelli film entitled Jesus of Nazareth and the festival on gypsy culture in Strasbourg.

3. Chaim Sutin, one of the significant artists of the 1920s in Paris, was the subject of reminiscences in MEETING No. 99 (Bakhrakh, P 7:30).

4. "Hagar’s Children" was reviewed in THEATER IN NEW YORK NO. 16 (Gabai, NY 5:30).

PRESS REVIEW (Roitman, Bensi, Predtechevsky and Nadirashvili, M 7) consisted of A-3 (Nadirashvili, M 2), A-5 (Roitman, M 2) and B-1 (Bensi and Predtechevsky, M 3).

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NEWS COVERAGE newscasts’of carried these stories in their All RFE BDs and RUNS April 28: talks on. foreign ministers will reuwe ’The American andSoviet East. nuclear arms ;And on the Middle May 18 on limiting strategic ri . if a Middle East sett1emen1 is .Jordan’s Fing.Hussein says that may become hopeless. reached this year the situation Bhutto has accused a foreign Pakistani premier Zulfikar Ali campaign to oust him, from country of backing the opposition power. gang in the Baader-Meinhofs terrorist Three prominent members of for life. West Germany have been jailed outside police guards have been placed Reports from.Prague’say 77 prominent signers of the Charter. the homes of three more manifesto. approved the premier’s Ł economic French National Assembly has The workers joined a strike against policies although thousands of them.’ communists. Soares has warned that the Portugal’s premier Mario not Ł Ł power if the economy does Might have a chance of taking improve, zones. reached agreements on fishing The U.S. and Cuba have against Zaire to join the fighting Uganda has sent troops to rebels. twice today to cap a runaway oil American specialists failed well in the North Sea. in Prague garties currently meeting Ł Delegates from 75 Communist for communist solidarity. .have heard a Soviet call

of Canterbury met today and Paul and the Archbishop and Pope to the world’s Catholics .discussed efforts to bring unity Anglicans. possible accord are to hold talks about a Italy’s major parties action for-govering the country. on a. limited program of the Soviet Union in the Czechoslovakia has been beaten by world ice.Hocky Championships. rm.= milormEal 'OM MN MS&

NO. 101 RADIO LIBERTY ’DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

Russian- Š (A. summary of the news coverage by the .of the DBA.),. language programming appears at the end

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 101 for Friday, 29 April 1977 D. Felton, J. Vale

SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, discussed in WASHINGTON REPORT 1. Soviet-American Relations were the statements by Arba- No. 170 (Orshansky, W 7) which focused on harmful influence of Carter’s tov and Maksudov, both emphasizing the atmosphere between the two human rights policy on the political campaign in defense of countries. Arbatov said that the American -American relations. He human rights is a step backward in Soviet rights question to the did not, however, try to tie the human disarmament agreement. prospects for the conclusion of a new and Brezhnev this year, predicted a meeting between Carter Maksudov conditions for starting although he added that at the present time are not positive. He added on preparations for such a meeting in the Soviet Union, and there are no "dissidents" imprisoned that because they have broken that those who are in prison are there noted a slow-down in American the Soviet criminal code. Maksudov and interpreted this as criticism of Soviet human rights’policies a favorable development.

in WASHINGTON REPORT renewal of the SALT talks was discussed The May 18 Gromyko will (Beloborodov, W 6:30), which noted that on a number of questions in- meet with Vance in Geneva to discuss strategic weapons. The cluding the problem of limitations on proposals presented at Moscow program reviewed the American SALT Dobrynin and the US ad- observed that discussions between and in.Washington. ministration have been taking place regularly - 2 7

2. Dissidents. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1310 (Burshtein, M 34:30) featured the second installment of a letter of January 18, 1976, sent by Zviad Gamsakhurdiya, a founding member of the Georgian Human Rights Initiative Group and the Helsinki Watch Group, to The Times (London) and a London journal on religion in communist countries, in which he gives facts on the harassment of the church in Georgia.

Vladimir Maksimov’s speech at a recent conference held in Paris by the International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism was featured in JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 211 (Maksimov, P ). Maksimov spoke of opposition to anti-Semitism in Tsarist Russia and the USSR on the part of the democratically-minded intelligentsia.

SPECIAL FEATURE (Matusevich, M 13:30) drew attention to a brochure in which the prominent Soviet surgeon Kirill Simonyan, a class- mate of Solzhenitsyn, accused the famous author of anti-Semitism and of denouncing him, Simony, to the security organs. The program featured .a telephone interview with Jens Bertelsen, the directprof a Danish publishing house located in the small town of Skerbek, which possesses the "worklcopyright" to the brochure and pointed to the connections of the publishing house with. the staunchly pro-Moscow Danish CP.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 211 (Roitman, M 5 ) featured information on the case of Iosif Begun, a member of the organization committee of an unofficial symposium on Jewish culture in the USSR, who, after having been dismissed from his job as a result of having applied to emigrate to Israel, has now been charged with leading a "parasitic" existence. The texts of letters by Begun to the employment office and the militia were included.

3. Zimyanin’s Speech on the 107th Anniversary of the Birth of Len. was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, M 2:30). Le Monde commented on the portions of Zimyanin’s speech which dealt with the political orientation of Eurocommunism. Die Zeit outlined the basic demands, the fulfillment of which Moscow deems obligatory as fundamental conditions for the preservation of friendly relations between the CPSU and the Eurocommunists.

4. The Komsomol Plenum was the subject of NOTE (Vardi, M 5) which reviewed the various speeches and documents issued noting the heroic work of the Komsomol members on the Labor front. Ł 5. A Former Aide of Stalin in the early years of the USSR, Boris Bozhanov, talked to RL’s Paris correspondent on Lenin’s agricultural and NEP policies, and the beginning of Malenkov’s political Career in SPECIAL FEATURE (Ryser, P22:30). Bozhanov’s memoirs (he left the USSR in 1928) were published in West Germany this March.

6. Alcohol Consumption in the USSR it waspointed out in KUZNETSOV’s TALK No. 178 (Kuznetsov, L 13:30) amounts to about 8 liters of pure alcohol per capita per annum at the most conservative estimate, excluding moonshine. This is approximately three times what it was in Tsarist Russia.

7. Poetry. WORLD OF POETRY No. 4 (Betaki, P 8 ) discussed poetry contained in this year’s issues of Avrora, noting the large proportion of verse on the theme of war by young poets.

8. Avtorkhanov’s "The Mystery of Stalin’s Death" continued to be read in FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 648 (Kunta, M 22:30).

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The Prague Meeting to Discuss the Work of the Magazine "Problemy Mira i Sotsializma" was discussed in ANALYSIS (Henkin, M 6:30), which focused on the Ponomarev speech. It was noted that he answered the accusations concerning Soviet policies forrn dealing with dissidents, pointing out that since these were not people with roots in the working class or in the peasantry, there was no reason to talk about them. The program observed that Ponomarev frequently used the term "real socialism," as though he were. offering an oblique rejection of attempts to create a "socialism with a human face."

2. Preparations for the Belgrade Conference. PRESS REVIEW (Predtechevsky, M 2:30) quoted Die Welt commenting on the Prague conference ostensibly called to discuss the work of the magazine, Problemy Mira i Sotsializma, opining that the factual aim of this conference was to draft an ideological -propaganda line to be pursued on the eve of the Belgrade conference, and Die Presse which discussed the international journalists’ conference in Belgrade, noting that this conference also dealt with preparations for the upcoming CSCE follow-up conference. 3. Hua Kuo-fenq’s New Economic Plan was discussed in NEW ’YORK REPORT No. 243-77 (Shilaev, NY 5:30). The program questioned the assertion of the Chinese press that the grandiose economic plan is founded on the ideas of Mao Tse-tung, noting that Hua understands the importance of a planned gradual development of the national economy, which was not mentioned in Mao’s sayings after the "great leap forward."

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Middle East was a topic of PRESS REVIEW (Rahr, M 2:30). The New York Times discussed reasons for Washington’s apparent change of heart concerning the quickest possible resumption of the Geneva Middle East conference. The paper opined that Washing- ton’s new lack of urgency could be attributed to the fact that this ’soviet Union will be represented at this conference as well, and that in light of recently cooler US-Soviet relations the success of a Middle East peace conference could be jeopardized. The Salzburger Nachrichten wrote that the United States seemed to be returning to the policy of "small steps" conducted by Kissinger.

2. Young Socialist Leader Benneter’s Interview with "Konkret" was discussed in BONN REPORT (Krassovsky, B 4:30). It was pointea out that Benneter’s statement that the opposition democratic parties are class enemies was in conflict with the official views of the West German Social -Democratic Party. The SPD has decisively distanced itself from the CP and opposes the creation of a hostile atmosphere between the democratic parties of the FRG.

3. The Geneva Conventions. GENEVA REPORT (Mickelson, G 4) discussed the proposal of Denmark, New Zealand and Sweden to create a standing neutral international commission to monitor the observance of the Geneva conventions. It was noted that the Sovietlir delegation categorically rejected the proposal on the grounds that such a committee would interfere in government’s internal affairs and lead to a limiting of their sovereignty.

4. Foreign Workers in Western Countries. DAILY LIFE No. 61 (Glasenapp, M 4:30) took issue with Soviet press charges of the "slavery" suffered by these workers by comparing their wages with Soviet wages andIxinting to their equal treatment with native workers.

5. West German Terrorism. BONN REPOWT. (Krassoysky,. B 4) noted that after a two year court case the three members of the Baader Meinhof group were sentenced to life imprisonment. 6. Zaire. NOTE (Rahr, M 5:30) discussed the latest developments of the war in Shaba, noting Uganda’s contribution of a military detachment to help fight the interventionists. Sudan and the Central Afriaan Empire also expressed their willingness to send troops to aid the Zaire government.

7. The Adoption of Barre ’s Economic Plan was noted in PARIS REPORT (Salkazanova, P 4).

8. The Results of Parliamentary Bv-Elections in England were discussed in LONDON REPORT (Chugunov, L 5:30), which noted the Conservative victory in regions which had formerly been Labour strongholds. An article in The Guardian was used which analyzed the results, attributing the Labour loss to the elec- torate’s disillusionment with inflation and the government’s wage policies.

9. Spain. NOTE (Predtechevsky, M 6) focused on the Spanish decree of April 28 legalizing the existence and activities of

trade unions. The history of the trade unions in Spain was reviewed.

10. Carter’s Trip to Europe was the subject of an article by James Reston in The New York Times which was featured in NEW YORK REPORT No. 242-77 (Gendler, NY 4).

11. French Agriculture No. 12. (Muravina, P 9) focused on the wine-growing industry, in particular in the Gironde region.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: reports 1. Asian Art. SPECIAL FEATURE (Litvinov, P 6:39) contained Palais on an exhibition of Tibetan art held in the Paris Grand under the title of "Gods and Demons. of the Himalayas," and temple an exhibition in the Petit Palais of treasures from the in the Japanese town of Nara.

2. The System of Titles and Honors in Britain was discussed by Floyd writer Anatoliy Kuznetsov and Daily Telegraph staffer David was in MODERN BRITAIN No. 4 (Kuznetsov and Floyd, L 13:30). It noted that, unlike titles in the USSR, a lordship carries no direct material benefits. Ł

3. A Tribute to Icelandic Writer and Nobel Prize Winner Halldor Laxness was given in SPECIAL FEATURE (Matusevich, M 10:30) on the occasion of his 75th birthday.

4. The Gush Emunit Movement in Israel was described by Prof. Mark Perakh of Jerusalem University. in JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 211 (Perakh, Isr 5 ).

5. The Film "Next Step Greenwich Village" was reviewed in JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE No. 211 (Zuckerman, NY 6 ).

PRESS REVIEW (Vardi, Rahr and Predtechevsky, M 7:30) consisted of A-3 (Vardi, M 2:30), C-1 (Rahr, M 2:30) and C-3 (Predtechevsky, M 2:30). Ł

IA/ DF Š 7Š. NEWS COVERAGE. -

Ł All RFE BDs and RUNS carried these stories in thpir newscasts’of Ł April 29:

Reports from Prague bay western. communists defeated a Soviet attempt to get a meeting of ideologists to condemn alleged .violations of human ’rights in the West.

The U.S. Embassy in Moscow has rejected aToreign..ministry ŁŁcomplaint against.Radio Free Europa and RadioLiberty. . .

- An international mystery has develoPea over the ’disappearance ’of 200 tons of uranium ore eight years ago’.

In France, President Giscard d’Estaing has,reaffirmed his suppor of Premier -Raymond Barre and.. his. austeritS,..prOgram.Ł The governing mayor of ’West Beriin).KlausSchuotzt

Another bid to stop the reek in that North.Sea cilŁrig has faile.

Ł The Soviet Union is cancelling a fishing. treaty with Japan.

The Italian and French communist Party leaders have met in - Ł Rome. The United - States has formally told uNESdo-it wil reouue -its dues. now that a dispute over Israel-hau: been:set:tied. The ruling party in Rhodesia .has expelled 13 of its members fur opposing.the government’s agreement in principle.op.majprity rule. ŠPreSident Carter met with Spanish prime m inister dolfo Suarez ’today. iriWashington.’ ., Ł thovhave * Pope Paul and. the Archbishop of Canterbury said today agreed to continueworking toward uniting the Roman Ł Catholic’ and Anglican churches.

* Reports from the Middle East say. Libya may have starteclexpellini Egyptian workers..

Pakistani- police today.arrested a veteran politician who led a * revoltin Prime minister Bhutto’s riding party earlier thiS.14.onti

( The Romanian BD did not use these items. ripp Mk! u. lb OS&

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS NO. 102

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian- language programming appears at the end of the DBA.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis No. 102 for. Saturday and Sunday, 30 April and 1 May 1977 Roy Delon

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The First of May. In every Soviet city, town and village, placards proclaiming 66 May Day slogans of the CPSU will be displayed. Yet how many of those who see those slogans will ponder their meaning, asked HAVE YOU NOTICED? (L. Pylaev, M 9) of May 1. On second thought, how much do these slogans corres- pond to reality?

FIFTY YEARS AGO THIS WEEK No. 136 (Yu. Gendler, NY 13:30) of May I recalled the two themes which were developed most prominently by Pravda and Izvestia on May Day in 1927. Those were peaceful world revolutions and a Soviet attack on the economic front.

LET’S TURN TO HISTORY No. 11 (A. Levin, NY 29) of April 30 looked back at events in Petrograd 60 years ago in a cycle of programs "From Revolution to Revolution," Part 11. The city was turbulent the week starting May 1. After the May Day manifestations, crowds of people again took to the streets. Paul Milyukov’s note on the conduct of war by the Provisional Government led to another crisis, and the first shots of the civil war could be heard.

2. HELSINKI AND HUMAN RIGHTS No. 65 (R. Dudin, NY 9) of May I pointed out that human rights have become a major theme of US foreign policy. This can be seen in congressional support for Carter on the issue. 58 Senators wrote him a letter on the eve of Vance’s mission to Moscow, and the House of ReprOdentatives passed a human rights amendment to the foreign aid bill. 2

3. Samizdat. LETTERS AND DOCUMENTS No. 1311 (B. Burshtein, M 29:30) of May. 1 focused on information sent to the CC of the Georgian CP by former assistant procurator of the Kirov raion of Tiflis, David Koridze, dated 19 March 1973. Published abroad, this information evoked a lively polemic on the pages of the British press and caused Z. Gamsakhurdiyan to write an open letter in which he verified the data supplied by Koridze. Samizdat document "Information Concerning Crimes Committed in the Georgian Patriarchy," AS-1821-a was used as a source of this program.

4. The Mystery of Stalin’s Death, Part 15 ("Beria’s Conspiracy") according to A. Avtorkhanov’s book under that title was discussed on FROM THE OTHER SHORE No. 649 (A. Avtorkhanov, M 27:30) of May 1. A reading of the beginning of Chapter "The Historical Defeat of Stalin" places us on the post-war Soviet scene peopled by men who have been changed greatly by the war and dominated by the CPSU’s. general line which was "strong through its weakness." Stalin feared that new men of social and political protest, the likes of Radishchev, Belinsky, and Gertsen, would come forth to chal- lenge the status quo. For this reason, Stalin attempted to turn the minds of the peoples of the USSR back to the pre-war era. Yet the first post-war Plenum of the CC which was elected at the 19th CPSU Congress, was evidence of an opposite trend even among the Politbureau members, who were Stalin’s awn pupils. This was the essence of Stalin’s first defeat.

5. Cathy Theimer’s Husband V.L. Nepomnyashchy talked with an RL correspondent and told our audience about his life and five- year-long battle with the Soviet authorities for the right to marry :a! doctoral candidate at the Columbia University. He was even drafted to serve in an Army construction battalion to prevent him from marrying her, but succeeded in leaving the USSR in February;.. SUNDAY GUEST (V. Rudolf, NY 17:30) of May 1.

6. RADio JOURNAL: THE SOVIET UNION No. 165 (V. Belotserkovsky, Tenson, and A. Vardy, M 20) of April 30 dealt with a speech by Ponomarev; the arrest of Matusevich and Marinovich; agricultural technology; the lives of young construction workers; and Anto- nov’s story.,

7. The Milling Machine Operator Nikolai Petrov Left Kiev for Vienna reported MISCELLANEOUS THEMES No. 197 (L. Predtechevsky, M 2:30) of April 30. He told about his life in the West since 1971, when he left the ’USSR, his wages in a Vienna plant, vacations, and other aspects of his work, which he compared with conditions prevailing in the USSR. Although he does not like everything he sees and experiences under "capitalism," he noted the more relaxed rythm of work and more rationality in labor organization in the metallurgical industries. 3

or Relaxation..." 8. Sewervn Dialer’s "Soviet Empire: Expansion 41 (Agursky, SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN TOTALITARIAN COUNTRIES No. University M 9) of April 30 examined the views of Columbia cadre leads professor, who states that the selection of party perpetuate it- -to elitism because the CP leadership tends to due to a self. Thus, a policy change does not take place its orientation, change in leadership but must await a change of

1977, Part 3 9. MT INTERVIEW WITH DR. M. SHTERN OF 14 APRIL medical man who brought forth the views of the former Soviet his police answered questions posed by RL correspondent about Kharkov. investigation, trial and the strict regime camp near campaign to free After a nearly three year-long international him, he came to the West on April 13.

on PANORAMA The Observer interview with Dr. Shtern was featured (Antonov, M 4) of May 1.

Contemporary 10. Richard Loewenthal’s "Spiegel" Article About Predtechevsky, Communism was reviewed on SPECIAL PROGRAM (L. stress on M 29) of April 30 along the lines of the author’s and defeats, the contradictions of communism, its reversals The also the duality of its ideology stemming from Lenin. Third World. article deals with the influence of communism in the

Chianurov,M 9). ECONOMISTS ABOUT THE SOVIET’ ECONOMY No. 122. (J. 11. con- . bflApcilAXiifaMiliarikedr". our audience with some of the the opinions clusions of research conducted by the CIA as well as economic situation Ł held by a number of foreign economists on the development. in the USSR and the future prospects of economic

Ł Soviet -US 12. SALT Negotiations in the light of.the renewed Washington on talks were discussed by RL correspondents in 3:30) of April WORLD THIS WEEK (L. Savemark and -B. Orshansky, W in apprais- ’30. The authors .sounded a guardedly optimistic.note and Minister ing the series of talks held by AMbaSsador.Dobrynin failure Gromyko with a number of. US high officials despite the stressing the of Secretary of State Vance’s-mission to Moscow, progress continuity of negotiations in Geneva and noting some new strategic in talks, which aim: at exchanging. information on weapons developed by both sides.

was cOvered 13. SovietrFOreigh:MinistekGroMvko’S.:TriPito India 30. The on’WORLD THIS WEEK.(E. Shilaeff, NY 3:30) of April daportUta talks held in New.Delhi showed that the involuntary suffered from power by Indira Gandhi and the electoral losses lethal blow to by the National Congress Party did not deal a and cooperation, the Soviet-Indian agreement on peace, friendship observed the author. Belotser- 14. TOPIC OF DIscussiqN No. 42 (M. Gordin, Perakh, V. presented kovsky, M. Bourdeaux, N. Gorbanevska, M 26:30) of May 1 FROM Ł a mosaic of excerpts &flied from the past week’s programs

Ł THE OTHER SHORE, RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD, EAST EUROPEAN TESTIMONIES, RADIO SEMINAR and others, and related through appropriate commentary.

15. Pentecostal Believers Desire to Leave the USSR. Their appeals to President carter and the World Council of Churches

in Geneva were reviewed by an Anglican minister, Rev. Michael Bourdeaux, director of the London Institute for the Study of 278 Religion in the USSR. RELIGION IN CONTEMPORARY WORLD No. (M. Bourdeaux, L 9) of April 30.

16. Loneliness as a Human Condition in Socialist and Non- Socialist Countries. ROUND TABLE No. 2 (L. Predtechevsky, I. Chenkina, L. Finkelstein and G. Rahr, M 20) of May 1. The panel based its discussion on an article by Zhukhovitsky in the last issue of Smena which proposes certain voluntary social organizations to provide!. for man’s need for moral support. The panelists generally applauded Zhukhovitsky’s effort to seek ways to allieviate alienation, but it was pointed out that even his article implies CP control over the work of such voluntary groups. The panelists attributed cases of individual alienation in the USSR to the political and social traumas visited upon the country due to forced collectivization and industrialization, political control and police inspired fear. Examples worthy of emulation in the establishment of voluntary organizations were cited from Poland, Czechoslovakia, the FRG, and elsewhere. S

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL No.6 (S. Vardy, M 20) of May 1 dealt with the following themes: Die Welt’s comments on the open letter by the well-known Germanist Prof. Helmut Nietsche, who was arrested in East Berlin on April 6. The program also noted that Reiner Kunze’s works have not been published in Eastern Europe since his protest against the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968; Polish society’s success in gaining freedom for ten workers arrested in Radom in the wake of price riots in 1976 and the activities of the Committee for the Defense of Workers; the right of Romanians to express their views -- according to Ceausescu -- yet, Paul Goma was arrested in early April and is still being detained for investigation; Yugoslav radio commentator Sundic’critiaism of Rude Pravo; Milovan Djilas’ article in Repubblica; and other developments in Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria.

2. The Planting of "National Democratic Regimes" in Eastern Europe by the Soviet authorities following World War II was commented on SIGNAL No. 418 (L. Predtechevsky, M 9) of May 1, a program which explored some of the blank pages of Soviet military history, ignored and distorted by the official organs of propaganda: the Red Army’s actions in Eastern Europe during and after World War II as covered in the Soviet press in contrast to reality in Poland and Finland.

3. The Chinese Echo of President Carter’s Human Rights Policy was described on PEKING AND ITS POLICY Na. 417 (E. Shilaeff, NY 9) of April 30. The program was pegged to a recent letter to Carter by a young dissident in Shanghai published in The Far Eastern Economic Review. 6

4. Polish Film Director Andre4 Waida’s New Film "The Man ofŁ Marble" was reviewed on the basis of Swedish press coverage on SPECIAL PROGRAM (V. Matusevich, M 14:30) of April 30.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. King Hussein’s Visit to Washington was covered on WORLD THIS WEEK (B. Orshansky, W 3:30) of April 30 within the context of the overall US policy of seeking a peaceful solution to the Middle Eastern conflict and American negotiations with other heads of state, who held talks with Carter recently, in an effort to lay the ground for a new Middle East Conference in Geneva.

2. British Foreign Secretary David Owen’s Visit to Syria and Egypt was commented on WORLD THIS WEEK (Volichok, L 3:30) of April 30, stressing that those countries have not been visited for some time by a British politician of Owen’s rank. Although the Egyptian press recalled on that occasion the Suez crisis of 1956, the tmood was that one forgives the sins of fathers, so that Owen was able to sign a cultural agreement in Damascus and open a center of English language instruction in Cairo, the first of its kind opened since 1956.

3. French Strikes were commented on from the scene by the RL correspondent in Paris (Ryser, P 3:30) of April 30,who noted the restlessness and tension during the past week caused in part by a decision of the communist and socialist national labor union conferences to stage protest strikes last Thursday aimed against the government’s policies, especially the freezing of wages and the simultaneous raising of some taxes.

4. Carter’s Draft Bill to Limit Nuclear Proliferation was analyzed on WORLD THIS WEEK (E. Shilaeff, NY 3:30) of April 30 by explaining the relative ease of developing nuclear weapons in countries having none so far, which motivated his call for legislation to tighter restrictions on the export of nuclear fuel and technology that could be used to make atomic weapons.

5. A PANORAMA (L. Predtechevsky, Storozhenko, and Mirsky, M 16) of May 1 of world events presented the following topics: the Irish women’s movement for peace, based on an article in Die Weltwoche; the Newsweek interview with President Carter; King Hassan II of Morocco’s statement concerning Zaire, as reported by L’Express; and US UN Ambassador AndrewYoung’s articulation of American foreign policy, based on an article in the Sueddeutsche Zeitung. - 7-

6. Carter’s 100 Days. ROUND TABLE No. 1 (V. Matusevich, L. Predtechevsky, L. Roitman, and J. Lodeesen, M 20) of April 30 addressed itself to the question of the achievements of the new administration. An American observer who - recently returned from the US, was asked by the moderator to evaluate them in the light of the inclusion of human rights, the approach to the strategic arms limitations issue and the energy proposals including the export of weapons-grade fuels. Carter’s broad support among various Strata of the American public was noted. Other panelists stressed the continuity of US interest in defending human rights and discussed the problems of idealism versus realism in American foreign policy.

7. Anthracite and Brown Coal Extraction is on the increase in the US and elsewhere as a result of the near-depletion of other energy resources, MISCELLANEOUS THEMES No. 196 (L. Predte- chevsky, M 2:30) of April 30 commented.

8. Pornography and Freedom of the Press were the subject of AMERICA - DEEDS AND PEOPLE No. 42 (L. Navrozov, NY 9) of April 30.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The_Relief of Ennui born of egotism by an application of the lessons of the Bible was explained on SUNDAY TALK No. 1045 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) of April 30.

Ł 2. "Man’s Salvation," Part 4 continued a discussion of the need to accept Christ as a model in order to achieve that salvation. THE INNER WORLD OF MAN No. 19 (A. Shmeman, NY 9) of May 1.

3. J.J. Anno’s Film "Black and White in Color" was reviewed on SPECIAL PROGRAM (B. Litvinov, M 14:30) of April 30.

4. The Atom Is Heatedly Debated in the US in connection with the development of new energy resources, observed SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY No. 67 (Muslin, M 13:30) of April 30. Conflicting viewpoints have been heard from creditable scientific authorities, such as the Nobel Prize winner Pauling,who opposes the use of atomic energy, and other scholars who hold it to be the sole realistic solution for energy crisis.

gk/ SL - - Ł NEWS COVERAGE

All RFE BDs and RL/NS carried these stories in their newscasts of April 30: Expetts have stopped the leak in the North Sea oil well that has been spilling oil into the sea for more than a week..

U.S. Secretary of State Cyrus Vance has outlined the ’approach the U.S. will follow in. trying to promote human ’rightsaround Ł the world..

Spanish labor unions are going ahead’ with their preparations to. hold 1.’.ay Day rallies despite a government ban.

Adam Michnikl.a leading Polish dissident, is reported to be Ł returning to Warsaw Sunday after a stay in the West. Western newsmen in Prague say.’ at least five people associated with Charter 77 have .been detained by police during the past three days. Ł

Pakistani premier Bhutto says he has received a letter from Cyrus Vance proposing talks- on. Pakistan’s grievances against. the U.S-. Pakistani police fought. in the streets of Rawalpindi today with demonstritors who want Bhutto tO resign.

The Democratic Party’leader in the-U.S..Senate wants Washington to move more quickly in trying to normalize relations with China.

** The first contacts on a more. stable governing arrangement. between Italy’s Christian Democrats and the Italian Co.Aunist Party have taken place in Rome.

Nine Indian state legislative assemblies have been dissolved to. allowfresh elections.

*Vietnam has celebrated the second anniversary of the fall o Saigon to communist forces.

* * * TASS has continued a campaign of criticism of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty. Pope Paul said today Christian unity would take a long time to achieve because delicate problems of dootrine and religious practice are involved.

:*.( The CS BD did not use this item. **( The .Hungarian BD. did not uSe this item. ***( The’POlish BD did not use .this item. ****( The Romanian BD did not use this item. NEWS .COVERAGE of these stories in their newscast- All RFE BDs and RL/NS. carried May erupted’ in a gunbattle which least 28 people have been killed At today. during a May Day. rally in Istanbul . Ł

attempts by left-wing trade Spanish riot police have put down major cities. . unions to hold demonstrations in communistcountties.with Day was celebrated in Labor achievements. rallies praising communist demanded the Soviet Union President Anwar Sadat has Egyptian countirss accusing Egypt of. tetract a note sent to Arab planning aggression. the to Zaire to help repel -Sadat says Egypt will send pilots rebel invasion. postponed the talks they Pakistani opposition leaders have political crisib planned to hold on the country’s

to Northern Ireland to secure Britain is sending 1,200 troops Protestant! strike threat by militant law and order in face of a North Sea oil spill say it officials dealing with the Norwegian serious pollution once feared. is not expected to cause the has issued a now document Charter 77 human ’rights movement The with freedom of religion. which western news media say deals :it wants met before it The has listed several conditions pp Middle East peace cOnferenct will consider attending a reconvened

to merge with its main political. India’s ruling Janata party is group. ally, the Congress for Democracy

government and Moslem rebels aimed between the Philippines Talks southern islands collapsed today.’ at ending the insurgency in undisclosed tape newspapers report that previously American the Watergate affair recordingsshow Richard Nixon knew about much earlier than he admitted.