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Knowledge Control and Social Contestation in China's
Science in Movements This book analyzes and compares the origins, evolutionary patterns and consequences of different science and technology controversies in China, including hydropower resistance, disputes surrounding genetically modified organisms and the nuclear power debate. The examination combines social movement theories, communication studies, and science and technology studies. Taking a multidisciplinary approach, the book provides an insight into the interwoven relationship between social and political controls and knowledge monopoly, and looks into a central issue neglected by previous science communication studies: why have different con- troversies shown divergent patterns despite similar social and political contexts? It is revealed that the media environment, political opportunity structures, knowledge-control regimes and activists’ strategies have jointly triggered, nur- tured and sustained these controversies and led to the development of different patterns. Based on these observations, the author also discusses the significance of science communication studies in promoting China’ssocialtransformation and further explores the feasible approach to a more generic framework to understand science controversies across the world. The book will be of value to academics of science communication, science and technology studies, political science studies and sociology, as well as general readers interested in China’s science controversies and social movements. Hepeng Jia is a professor of communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China. He has worked as a leading science journalist for 20 years and is also a pioneering researcher in the field of science journalism and communication in China. Chinese Perspectives on Journalism and Communication Series Editor: Wenshan Jia is a professor of communication at Shandong University and Chapman University. With the increasing impact of China on global affairs, Chinese perspectives on journalism and communication are on the growing global demand. -
Enclosure 10
Enclosure 10 Collaborations in Relativistic Astrophysics with China The exchange in the field of astrophysics between Italy and China has a long history dating back to the transfer to China of a telescope by Lì Mǎdòu (Matteo Ricci) and the translation in Chinese of the Euclid’s books by his student Xu Guangqi in the 16th century. In recent years the modern contributions in the field of Astrophysics has been carried forward by professor T.D. Lee and in the fields of Relativistic Field Theories and Einstein General Relativity Theory by professor C.N. Yang, both Nobel Laureates in 1956. They both were Chinese students of Enrico Fermi in 1940s. Following the first visit to China of professor Remo Ruffini in 1978, by invitation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) a vast number of collaborations have started in the field of Relativistic Astrophysics, following the classic article “Introducing the Black Hole” by Remo Ruffini and John Archibald Wheeler (Physics Today, January 1971, pages 30-41) in the Institute Advance Study (IAS) at Princeton. The first visit of prof Remo Ruffini to China, Beijing and Tsinghua Universities, National Observatories of CAS Based on a series of lectures delivered in China, Li Zhi Fang and Remo Ruffini wrote book “Basic Concepts of Relativistic Astrophysics” (World Scientific, 1983, Chinese version, Shanghai Scientific publisher 1981). This fundamental and didactical book has been worldwide used by undergraduate and graduate students for many generations. In 1982, with Nobel Laureate and president of the International center of theoretical physics (ICTP) prof. Abdus Salam and the president of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) prof. -
Him Mark Lai Container List.Docx
Finding Aid to the Him Mark Lai research files, additions, 1834-2009 (bulk 1970-2008) Collection number: AAS ARC 2010/1 Ethnic Studies Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Funding for processing this collection was provided by Mrs. Laura Lai. Date Completed: June 2014 Finding Aid Written By: Dongyi (Helen) Qi, Haochen (Daniel) Shan, Shuyu (Clarissa) Lu, and Janice Otani. © 2014 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. COLLECTION SUMMARY Collection Title: Him Mark Lai research files, additions, 1834-2009 (bulk 1970-2008) Collection Number: AAS ARC 2010/1 Creator: Lai, H. Mark Extent: 95 Cartons, 33 Boxes, 7 Oversize Folders; (131.22 linear feet) Repository: Ethnic Studies Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-2360 Phone: (510) 643-1234 Fax: (510) 643-8433 Email: [email protected] Abstract: The research files are a continuation of (AAS ARC 2000/80) Him Mark Lai’s collected sources, along with his own writings and professional activity materials that relate to the history, communities, and organizations of Chinese Americans and Chinese overseas. The collection is divided into four series: Research Files, including general subjects, people, and organizations; Writings, including books, articles and indexes; Professional activities, primarily including teaching lectures, Chinese Community Hour program tapes, In Search of Roots program materials, consultation projects, interviews with Chinese Americans, conference and community events; Personal, including memorial tributes; correspondence, photographs, and slides of family and friends. The collection consists of manuscripts, papers, drafts, indexes, correspondence, organization records, reports, legal documents, yearbooks, announcements, articles, newspaper samples, newspaper clippings, publications, photographs, slides, maps, and audio tapes. -
U.S.-China Scientific Exchange: a Case Study of State-Sponsored Scientific Internationalism During the Cold War and Beyond
ZUOYUE WANG* U.S.-China scientific exchange: A case study of state-sponsored scientific internationalism during the Cold War and beyond IN FEBRUARY 1972 President Richard Nixon of theUnited States embarked on his historic journey to Beijing. The dramatic tripnot only opened a new era in U.S.-China relations, but also began an exciting process ofmutual discovery be tween the two peoples. If it is true that, as the China scholar A, Doak Barnett wrote, "never in themodern period have twomajor societies been so isolated from each other for so long in peacetime," the end of the schism also brought forth unprecedented exchanges inmany walks of life, especially in academia.1 The geopolitical move by the two countries to counter Soviet aggression paved the way for interactions in science and other fields. The contacts flourished through the 1970s and expanded even furtherafter the establishment of diplomatic rela tions and the launching of China's economic reformsby the end of the 1970s. This intellectual open door proved to have profound social and political, as well as scientific, impact, especially in China, which had just begun to emerge from the devastating Cultural Revolution of 1966-1976. Despite itsconsiderable significance, scientificexchange has often been treated as a sideline inU.S.-China relations. Several excellent studies examine U.S.-China academic and educational exchanges, but theybarely touch on the scientific com *Department of History, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768. I thank Richard Suttmeier, Lawrence Badash, H. Lyman Miller, Gene Rochlin, Wolfgang Panofsky, Xiaojian Zhao, Fan Dainian, JimWilliams, Peter Westwick, Jessica Wang, and Benjamin Zulueta for reading drafts of the paper and for stimulating discussions and com ments. -
Biophysics, Rockets, and the State
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ASU Digital Repository Biophysics, Rockets, and the State: the Making of a Scientific Discipline in Twentieth-Century China by Yi Lai Christine Luk A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved March 2014 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Ann Hibner Koblitz, Chair Hoyt Tillman Jane Maienschein ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY May 2014 ABSTRACT This study takes biophysics––a relatively new field with complex origins and contested definitions––as the research focus and investigates the history of disciplinary formation in twentieth-century China. The story of building a scientific discipline in modern China illustrates how a science specialty evolved from an ambiguous and amorphous field into a full-fledged academic discipline in specific socio-institutional contexts. It focuses on archival sources and historical writings concerning the constitution and definition of biophysics in order to examine the relationship between particular scientific styles, national priorities, and institutional opportunities in the People's Republic of China. It argues that Chinese biophysicists exhibited a different style of conceiving and organizing their discipline by adapting to the institutional structure and political economy that had been created since 1949. The eight chapters demonstrate that biophysics as a scientific discipline flourished in China only where priorities of science were congruent with political and institutional imperatives. Initially consisting of cell biologists, the Chinese biophysics community redirected their disciplinary priorities toward rocket science in the late 1950s to accommodate the national need of the time. Biophysicists who had worked on biological sounding rockets were drawn to the military sector and continued to contribute to human spaceflight in post-Mao China. -
The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49
Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 20:24 09 May 2016 The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49 This book examines the Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War of 1945–49, which resulted in the victory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) over Chiang Kaishek and the Guomindang (GMD) and the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. It provides a military and strategic history of how the CCP waged and ultimately won the war, the transformation of its armed forces, and how the Communist leaders interacted with each other. Whereas most explanations of the CCP’s eventual victory focus on the Sino- Japanese War of 1937–45, when the revolution was supposedly won as a result of the Communists’ invention of “peasant nationalism,” this book shows that the outcome of the revolution was not a foregone conclusion in 1945. It explains how the eventual victory of the Communists resulted from important strategic decisions taken on both sides, in particular the remarkable transformation of the Communist army from an insurgent / guerrilla force into a conventional army. The book also explores how the hierarchy of the People’s Republic of China developed during the war. It shows how Mao’s power was based as much on his military acumen as his political thought, above all his role in formulating and implementing a successful military strategy in the war of 1945–49. It also describes how other important figures, such as Lin Biao, Deng Xiaoping, Nie Rongzhen, Liu Shaoqi, and Chen Yi, made their reputations during the conflict, and reveals the inner workings of the First generation political-military elite of the PRC. -
University of London Ihesis
19 1562106X UNIVERSITY OF LONDON IHESIS DegreeT^D^ Year2o o\ Name of Author5&<Z <2 (NQ-To N , T. COPYRIGHT This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOAN Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the University Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: The Theses Section, University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTON University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the University of London Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The University Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962 - 1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied. -
Chronicle of Wu Zhengyi
Accepted Manuscript Chronicle of Wu Zhengyi Lv Chun, Dr. PII: S2468-2659(16)30166-4 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.11.008 Reference: PLD 47 To appear in: Plant Diversity Received Date: 14 November 2016 Accepted Date: 14 November 2016 Please cite this article as: Chun, L., Chronicle of Wu Zhengyi, Plant Diversity (2017), doi: 10.1016/ j.pld.2016.11.008. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Chronicle of Wu Zhengyi (Originally published in appendix one of The Autobiography of Wu Zhengyi ) 1916 I was born in Jiujiang, Jiangxi province on June 12 th of the lunar calendar. My first name “Zhengyi” was given by my grandfather, while I later styled myself “Bai Jian 1” and used the pseudonym “Bai Jian 2”. With the ancestral home of the Wu family in She county, Anhui province, I lived in Yangzhou with a registered hometown in Yizheng, Jiangsu province. 1917 Upon my “One-Year-Old Catch”, we moved back to Yangzhou in December because my grandfather Wu Junsun 1860-1917 died during his journey to assume an official position in Xunyang, Jiangxi province. 1922-24 From the age of four to six, my mother taught me how to read. -
7Th NPC & CPPCC in Session
CHINESE WEEKLY OF NEWS AND VIEWS Vol. 31,No.14 April 4-1 7th NPC & CPPCC in Session Beijing Review HIGHLIGHTS OF THE WEEK VOL. 31, N0.14 APRIL 4-10, 1988 LI Peng Reports to Seventh NPC CONTENTS NOTES FROM THE EDITORS 4 • In his report to the Seventh National People's Congress, Food Subsidies to Float With Acting Premier Li Peng sets out the principles, aims and tasks of Price Index economic development and reform for the next five years. He EVENTS/TRENDS S-9 calls for speeding up and extending the reform so that China's Li Peng Reports to Seventh gross national product can reach 1,550 billion yuan by 1992 (p. NPC 5). CPFCC Committee Opens First Session Scientific Work Must Get CPPCC Committee In Session Priority China Moves to Wipe Out • Highlighting the opening meeting of the first session of the Leprosy new committee, Vice-Chairman of the Chinese People's Weekly Chronicle (March 21-27) Political Consultative Conference Qain Xuesen's work report inT^KATiOtlAi 10-43 summarized the achievements of the Sixth CPPCC National Italy: Government's Resignation Committee over the past five years (p. 7). Accepted Africa; OAU Group Discusses Debt Conference Food Subsidies to Offset Price Rises Mauritius; Tiny Country Makes Economic Strides • Confirming its determination to pursue price reforms which Thailand: Investment, Exports: consider the interests of both producers and consumers, the Key to Success Chinese government has decided to offer subsidies for food to The Contract S^tem on the Ralls 14 urban dwellers in an effort to offset local price rises (p. -
Controlled Exchanges: Public-Private Hybridity, Transnational Networking
John Krige (ed.), How Knowledge Moves: Writing the Transnational History of Science and Technology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019), 368-410. Chapter Thirteen Controlled Exchanges Public- Private Hybridity, Transnational Networking, and Knowledge Circulation in US- China Scientifi c Discourse on Nuclear Arms Control Zuoyue Wang eijing, May 18, 1988. Wolfgang “Pief” Panofsky, emeritus director Bof the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), had breakfast with T. D. Lee, the prominent Chinese American physicist from Colum- bia, before heading to the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Panofsky was a pioneering particle physicist who, upon Lee’s recommendation, had been appointed the of- fi cial adviser to the Chinese government on its building of the Beijing Electron- Positron Collider (BEPC) at the IHEP. He had come to China to check on BEPC’s progress and make recommendations to top Chi- nese leaders.1 But Panofsky also had an ulterior motive for the trip. He had partici- pated in the Manhattan Project during World War II and had served as an experienced adviser to the US government in the postwar years. His experiences led him to become a passionate advocate for nuclear arms control, especially in his capacity as chairman of the US National Acad- emy of Sciences (NAS) Committee on International Security and Arms Control (CISAC, pronounced “see- sak”). CISAC had been established in 1980 and had carried out fruitful back- channel face- to- face discus- sions with Soviet scientists in the 1980s on nuclear arms control.2 Now Controlled Exchanges 369 Panofsky wanted to see whether he could start a similar dialogue with scientists in China, whose government had yet to join any international nuclear arms control agreements. -
After Joseph Needham
ISSN 2096-6083 CN 10-1524/G Cultures of Science ISSN 2096-6083 Cultures of Science CN 10-1524/G Volume 3 . Issue 1 March 2020 Volume 3 . Issue 1 . March Volume 3 . Issue 1 March Editorial 34 Brass tacks on iron: Ferrous metallurgy 2020 in Science and Civilisation in China 3 Note from the co-editors in chief Volume 3 . Issue 1 March 2020 Fujun Ren and Bernard Schiele Donald B Wagner 43 The East Asian History of Science Introduction Library/Needham Research Institute as an intellectual hub in the late 1970s and 4 Introduction: Needham’s intellectual 1980s heritage Volume 3 . Issue 1 March 2020 Jianjun Mei Gregory Blue 58 How can we redefine Joseph Needham’s Articles sense of a world community for the 21st 11 After Joseph Needham: The legacy century? reviewed, the agenda revised – some Vivienne Lo personal reflections Geoffrey Lloyd 62 Chinese organic materialism and modern science studies: Rethinking 21 My farewell to Science and Civilisation in China Joseph Needham’s legacy Christopher Cullen Arun Bala CUL_3-1_Cover.indd 1 22/07/2020 7:40:23 PM Honorary Director of Editorial Board Members Journal Description Editorial Board Cultures of Science is a peer-reviewed international Open Access journal. The journal aims at building a community of scholars who Martin W Bauer, London School of Economics and Political Science, are expecting to carry out international, inter-disciplinary and cross-cultural communication. The topics include: cultural studies, science Qide Han, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Association UK communication, the history and philosophy of science and all intersections between culture and science. -
Theory Attached to Practice Chinese Debates Over Basic Research from Thought Remolding to the Bomb, 1949–1966
C hapter 8 Theory Attached to Practice Chinese Debates over Basic Research from Thought Remolding to the Bomb, 1949–1966 Zuoyue Wang ላሌ In 1963, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which had come under re- peated political attacks in the past for pursuing impractical “theory in detach- ment from practice,” sought to take advantage of an interlude of ideological liberalization by codifying the optimum proportions of its various programs. The Academy formulated a set of “work regulations” governing four types of research, which it would engage in during the coming decade: “15–20 percent basic research, 35–45 percent applied basic research, 30–40 percent applied research, and 5–10 percent extension research.”1 Both the contents of the above policy pronouncement and the fact that it was made at all refl ected the central position of the debate over basic and applied research—in its various semantic guises—in the politics of science and technology policy of the People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.) under Communist leader Mao Zedong both before and after 1963.The objective of this chapter is to use the basic/applied debate to explore the interactions of historical forces at work in shaping Chinese science and technology policy during the Mao era, which started with the founding of the P.R.C. in 1949 and ended with his death and the termination of the Cultural Revolution in 1976. In what forms did the basic/applied debate emerge in Maoist China as a matter of politics, policy, and rhetoric, and how did it refl ect and shape the relationships between the party state and the scientifi c elite? Did the course of the debate fi t, for example, into the pattern of repeated shifts, back and forth, between the techno-bureaucratic “regularization” and the radical “mobiliza- tion” models of Mao-era science policy and politics as observed by the China This open access library edition is supported by the University of Bonn.