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Analyse De Situation Des Enfants En Guinée

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Analyse De Situation Des Enfants En Guinée Analyse de Situation des Enfants en Guinée 2015 UNICEF Pays-Bas UNICEF Belgique UNICEF Suède Cofinancé par l’Union Européenne Analyse de Situation des Enfants en Guinée 2015 Auteur: Diallo Mamadou Alpha Avec le soutien de: Guirlene Frederic, UNICEF Guinée Maud Dominicy, UNICEF Belgique Jan-Jacob Muyls, UNICEF Belgique Majorie Kaandorp, UNICEF Pays-Bas Lise Pénisson, Bureau Européen d’Appui pour l’Asile (EASO) Graphisme: UNICEF Pays-Bas Imprimeur: Impress 2015 Pour plus d’informations, veuillez contacter : Majorie Kaandorp Chargée de la Défense des Droits de l’Enfant UNICEF Pays-Bas Tel: + 31 88 444 96 50 Email: [email protected] Cette analyse de situation a été rédigée par UNICEF Pays-Bas, UNICEF Belgique et UNICEF Suède dans le cadre du projet « Une meilleure information pour des solutions et une protection durables », qui est soutenu financièrement par le Fonds pour le Retour de la Commission Européenne. Le présent rapport n’engage que l’auteur, et la Commission Européenne ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de l’usage qui pourrait être fait des informations qu’il contient. Cofinancé par l’Union Européenne 2 Child notice Le projet “Une meilleure information pour des solutions et une protection durable”, adresse des analyses d’informations spécifiques aux enfants par pays (analyses de situation) qui sont les pays d’origine d’enfants en migration vers l’Europe. Les analyses de situation décrivent la situation des enfants dans leurs pays d’origine en fournissant des informations légales et pratiques sur l’éducation, les systèmes de santé, la protection de l’enfance, les conflits armés, la justice des mineurs, le trafic, etc. Les analyses ont été rédigées en conformité avec le Guide Méthodologique pour les analyses de situation. Les pays d’origine ont été sélectionnés sur la base des flux migratoires d’enfants (avec ou sans leurs familles), les chiffres des retours, ainsi que les priorités nationales et de l’UE. Le projet bénéficie du soutien d’un comité consultatif composé d’experts internationaux dans le domaine des migrations, informations sur le Pays d’Origine et enfants migrants: Rebecca O’Donnell Child Circle, Expert de la protection de l’enfant, de l’asile, de la migration et des politiques et de la législation de l’UE Lise Pénisson EASO, Responsable COI (Information sur le Pays d’Origine) - Centre pour l’Information, la Documentation & l’Analyse (CIDA) Vidar Ekehaug UNHCR Chargé de recherche et d’Information associé, Unité de Protection de l’Information, Division de la Protection Internationale Andrea Vonkeman UNHCR, Responsable des Politiques Katja Fournier Coordinatrice de la plateforme Enfants Migrants Belgique Programme“Enfants séparés en Europe“ Ravi Kohli Université de Bedfordshire (Royaume-Uni), Professeur de Bien-Être de l’Enfant Ron Pouwels UNICEF Consultant Régional pour la Protection de l’Enfance Asie (2013-2014) Responsable de la Protection de l’Enfance UNICEF Chine (2014-2015) Karin Kloosterboer UNICEF Pays-Bas, Experte de la protection de l’enfants Membres du comité consultatif ne sont pas responsables du contenu du rapport. 3 UNICEF Analyse de Situation des Enfants Guinée TABLES DES MATIÉRES LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS 6 AVERTISSEMENT 8 INTRODUCTION 9 GUIDE DE LECTURE 10 RESUME 16 1. Contexte général 20 1.1 Carte des régions naturelles et des régions administratives de la Guinée 20 1.2 Contexte politique et économique 20 1.3 Structure de la famille et rôles des différents membres 22 2. Information démographique/données statistiques sur les enfants 24 2.1 Population totale 24 2.2 Nombre total d’enfants 25 2.3 Minorités linguistiques, ethniques, religieuses 25 3.1 Conventions et protocoles signés, adoptés et ratifiés 27 3. Informations légales de base 27 3.2 Code de l'enfant et document de stratégie nationale/plan concernant les enfants 28 3.3 Budget spécifique alloué à la mise en œuvre de la stratégie nationale ou d'un plan 29 3.4 Organe gouvernemental de coordination sur les problèmes des enfants et les droits des enfants 29 3.5 Institution nationale indépendante des droits de l'homme, en particulier concernant les enfants 31 3.6 Coalitions d’ONG de défense du droit des enfants 32 3.7 Législation et politique de protection des enfants dans le système juridique 32 3.8 Processus pour l'obtention de certificats de naissance 34 3.9 Age légal de la majorité 36 3.10 Age de compétence légale 36 3.11 Documents d’identité et de voyage 37 3.12 Age de voter 38 3.13 Age de privation de liberté 38 4. Principes généraux 40 4.1 Non-discrimination 40 4.2 Intérêt supérieur de l’enfant 44 4.3 Droit à la vie et au développement 45 Contexte général 45 Infanticides, crimes rituels, suicides et violences de gangs 47 Normes, pratiques et politiques culturelles, sociales ou traditionnelles néfastes 49 5. Droits civils et liberté 51 5.1 Liberté d’expression, de pensée, de conscience, de religion et d’association 51 5.2 Accès à une information adéquate, au service légal et à une procédure de plainte 52 5.3 Protection contre les interférences dans la vie privée des enfants 52 5.4 Protection contre la maltraitance, la violence et les abus 53 6. Droits élémentaires (santé, eau, nourriture, éducation) 54 6.1 Etat Nutritionnel 54 6.2 Accessibilité et qualité des soins de santé pour les enfants 55 6.3 Assistance, réhabilitation et réinsertion des enfants handicapés 56 6.4 Education 56 7. Environnement familial et soins alternatifs 60 7.1 Protection contre des violences physiques, mentales et abus (en famille, dans les soins 60 alternatifs et institutions) 60 7.2 Adoption et placement familial 61 7.3 Enlèvement et vente d'enfants 62 7.4 Définition juridique des responsabilités parentales 62 7.5 Groupes spécifiques d'enfants nécessitant une protection 62 7.6 Services de protection de l'enfant et services sociaux 62 4 Child notice 7.7 Disponibilité, accessibilité et qualité des maisons familiales, des abris ou d'autres formes de 63 protection alternative 63 7.8 Châtiments corporels en tant que mesure disciplinaire dans les établissements de soins 65 alternatifs 65 8. Mesures spéciales de protection 66 8.1 Enfants en conflit avec la loi 66 8.2 Enfants orphelins, non accompagnés et séparés 68 8.3 Enfants victimes de trafic 68 La loi et son application 68 Pratique et prévalence de la traite des enfants 69 Motifs relatifs à l'exploitation et la traite des enfants 71 Types d'exploitation et processus de recrutement 72 Complicité et consentement des parents, d'autres membres de la famille ou des tuteurs dans l'organisation de la traite 73 Autorité en charge de la protection des enfants victimes de la traite 73 Interventions des autorités pour prévenir la traite des enfants 74 Identification et protection des enfants victimes de la traite 74 Soins et assistance aux enfants victimes de la traite 75 8.4 Les enfants dans les conflits armés 75 La loi concernant l'implication d'enfants dans les conflits armés 75 L'implication d'enfants dans les conflits armés en Guinée 75 Politique et mesures de prévention et de lutte contre le recrutement des enfants 76 Assistance, orientation, réadaptation et réinsertion des ex enfants soldats 77 8.5 MGF/E (Mutilations Génitales Féminines/Excision) 77 Législation et politique interdisant la pratique des MGF 77 Mesures de prévention et de lutte contre les mutilations génitales féminines 77 Pratique et prévalence des MGF 78 Opinions et croyances 79 Forme d’excision et âge au moment de l’excision 80 Ré excision 81 Refus de l’excision 81 Discrimination à l’égard de personnes qui n'ont pas été excisées 82 Capacité des parents à protéger efficacement leurs filles contre l’excision 82 Poursuite des personnes impliquées dans la pratique des MGF 83 8.6 Mariage forcé et précoce 84 Législation et politique de protection contre le mariage forcé ou précoce 84 Âge du consentement sexuel 84 Prévalence et pratique des mariages précoces ou forcés 84 Mesures préventives contre les mariages forcés ou précoces 85 8.7 Violence domestique 85 Législation et politique de protection des enfants contre les violences et abus 85 Prévalence et pratique de la violence domestique 86 8.8 Le travail des enfants et les autres formes d’exploitation 86 Législation et politique de protection contre le travail des enfants 86 Prévalence et pratique du travail des enfants 87 8.9 Les enfants de rue 88 9. L’épidémie de la fièvre à virus Ebola 89 9.1 L’épidémie de la fièvre à virus Ebola 89 10. Le retour des enfants non-accompagnés ou séparés et des familles 93 10.1 Accueil des enfants retournés 93 10.2 Programmes de réinsertion spéciaux pour les enfants et leurs familles à leur retour 93 10. Le retour des enfants non-accompagnés ou séparés et des familles 94 10.3 Mécanisme de suivi des enfants retournés et leur accès aux services sociaux de base 94 STATISTIQUE 96 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 97 LISTE DES ORGANISATIONS DE CONTACT 103 GLOSSAIRE 105 PHOTOS 106 5 UNICEF Analyse de Situation des Enfants Guinée LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ACF-E Action contre la Faim Espagne AGUIAS Association Guinéenne des Assistants Sociaux AGP Agence Guinéenne de Presse BNI Budget National des Investissements CADBE Charte Africaine des Droits et du bien-être de l’Enfant CANEPE Coordination des acteurs non étatiques engagés dans le secteur de la protection de l’enfance CCEJT/G Conseil Consultatif des Enfants et Jeunes de Guinée CDE Convention Relative aux Droits de l'Enfant CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEDEAO Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest CG/SPDE Comite Guinéen de Suivi de la Protection des Droits de l’Enfant CGSDE
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