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TESE Marcos Buccini Pio Ribeiro.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO DEPARTAMENTO DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO Marcos Buccini Pio Ribeiro TRAJETÓRIA DO CINEMA DE ANIMAÇÃO EM PERNAMBUCO Recife 2016 MARCOS BUCCINI PIO RIBEIRO TRAJETÓRIA DO CINEMA DE ANIMAÇÃO EM PERNAMBUCO Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de doutor pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, na linha de pesquisa Estéticas e Culturas da Imagem e do Som, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Paulo Carneiro da Cunha Filho. Recife 2016 Catalogação na fonte Bibliotecário Jonas Lucas Vieira, CRB4-1204 R484t Ribeiro, Marcos Buccini Pio Trajetória do cinema de animação em Pernambuco / Marcos Buccini Pio Ribeiro. – Recife, 2016. 370 f.: il., fig. Orientador: Paulo Carneiro da Cunha Filho. Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Artes e Comunicação. Comunicação, 2017. Inclui referências e anexos. 1. Cinema de animação. 2. Animação pernambucana. 3. Cinema pernambucano. 4. História da animação. I. Cunha Filho, Paulo Carneiro da (Orientador). II. Título. 302.23 CDD (22.ed.) UFPE (CAC 2017-123) Marcos Buccini Pio Ribeiro TÍTULO DO TRABALHO: TRAJETÓRIA DO CINEMA DE ANIMAÇÃO EM PERNAMBUCO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Comunicação. Aprovada em: 30/06/2016 BANCA EXAMINADORA _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo Carneiro da Cunha Filho Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Otávio D’Azevedo Carreiro Universidade Federal de Pernambuco ______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Amilcar Almeida Bezerra Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Agreste ______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sérgio Nesteriuk Gallo Universidade Anhembi Morumbi _______________________________________ Profa. Amanda Mansur Custódio Nogueira Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - Agreste Para meu filho, Gabriel. AGRADECIMENTOS Este trabalho não teria sido possível sem a ajuda de pessoas muito queridas e preciosas. Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer aos meus pais, a minha irmã e a Verinha por me apoiarem neste período tão tempestuoso. Aos meus orientadores Paulo Cunha e Rodrigo Carreiro por iluminar o caminho. Aos eternos amigos Bico, Rô, Capa, Verônica, Buggy, Lia, Saulo, Karina, Yellow e Débora. Agradecimento especial à Chris, pelo companheirismo, carinho e ajuda durante todo o processo. À Zé, Lucy, Claudia e Roberta e aos professores do PPGCOM – UFPE por toda a ajuda, orientação e paciência. Aos colegas do PPGCOM, em especial a Marcos Santos, Georgia Cruz e Xenya Buchioni (e Daniel). Aos companheiros do Núcleo de Design em Caruaru pelo apoio, em especial a Charles Leite, Divane Moura, Amanda Mansur e Teresa Lopes, pela ajuda neste último semestre, e ao professor Amilcar Bezerra pela proveitosas conversas ao longo destes anos. Ao apoio de Igor Travassos e Eveline Falcão durante a pesquisa. A minha prima querida, Mônica, pela fantástica revisão do texto. Agradeço imensamente a todas as pessoas entrevistadas: Mestre Lula Gonzaga e ao seu filho Tiago Delácio, Osman Godoy, Ypiranga Filho, Alexandre Figueirôa, Patrícia Alves Dias, Marcos Magalhães, Maurício Nunes, Nara Normande, Paulo Leonardo, Renata Claus, André Pinto, Rafael Barradas, André Rodrigues, André Arôxa, Felipe Soares, Ulisses Brandão, Marcos França e os tantos outros que contribuíram imensamente com a pesquisa. Por fim, agradeço aos profissionais, aos amadores, aos entusiastas, que fazem animação no estado de Pernambuco. Vamos juntos escrever essa história! “Cinematograficamente, nascemos e morremos tantas vezes.” Paulo Cunha RESUMO O cinema de animação pernambucano é recente, o primeiro filme data de 1968, enquanto que o primeiro filme brasileiro já tinha sido realizado 51 anos antes, em 1917. Mas, mesmo sendo tão recente, esta história ainda é desconhecida, tanto dos estudiosos do cinema pernambucano, quanto das pessoas que fazem o cinema de animação no estado. Assim, o objetivo principal desta tese foi resgatar a trajetória do cinema de animação pernambucano através de seus autores e suas obras. Esta pesquisa, inédita, fez um levantamento catalográfico de todas as animações pernambucanas, desde a primeira que foi possível relacionar, até maio de 2016. Durante estes anos de trabalho, 168 animações foram listadas e mais de 50 realizadores foram entrevistados. Com isso, foi possível criar um panorama da trajetória da animação pernambucana. Observando questões como a influência da tecnologia, o contexto cultural, a profissionalização, o crescimento de um mercado, a participação de editais de fomento, festivais e instituições de formação profissional e acadêmica e, finalmente, a estética usada nessas animações. Devido ao contexto periférico dessa produção, e sua posição em relação a cinemas maiores, autores que tratam de identidade cultural foram convocados para dialogar com autores que tratam de quesitos estéticos, especialmente os conceitos de ortodoxia e experimental de Paul Wells (1998). Desta forma, esta pesquisa parte da afirmação de que: uma produção periférica, como a animação pernambucana, que não obedece às regras e normas de uma indústria, acaba por gerar outras ansiedades, outros motivos e, consequentemente, outras dicotomias, em relação a uma produção industrial e comercial. Palavras-chave: Cinema de animação. Animação Pernambucana. Cinema Pernambucano. História da animação. ABSTRACT The history of the animated film in Pernambuco is very new. The first movie was released in 1968, 51 years after the Brazilian film had been made. However, even been so new, the story of this filmography is still unknown. In this way, this thesis’s main objective was to rescue the history of animated film in Pernambuco throught it’s authors and their works. This unprecedented research did a profound investigation and cataloged all animated films from Pernambuco, from 1968 to 2016. 168 works were documented and more than 50 animators were interviewed. So, based on that database, it was possible to create an overview of the animated cinema in Pernambuco. Observing issues such as the influence of technology, cultural context, professionalization, market, governamental funding, festivals, events, academic iniciatives and, finally, their aesthetics results. Due to the peripheral context of this production, and its attitude thoughout the ortodox cinema from Hollywood, authors from Pernambuco tend to use in their works cultural identity icons. Therefore, scholars from cultural area were called to dialogue with authors who deal with aesthetic questions, especially the concepts of orthodox and experimental animation from Paul Wells (1998). Thus, this thesis proposes that: a peripheral production, such as the animated cinema from Pernambuco, which does not obey the rules and standards of an industry, ultimately, generates other anxieties, assumptions and, consequently, other dichotomies in relation to the industrial and commercial production. Keywords: Animation cinema. Animation from Pernambuco. Cinema from Pernambuco. Animation History. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 – Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906), Fantasmagorie (1908) e Little Nemo in Slumberland (1911) .......................................................................................................................... 25 Figura 2 – Macaco Feio, Macao Bonito (1929-1933); Filme dos Irmãos Wan The Mouse and the Frog (1934) .............................................................................................................................................. 27 Figura 3 –Cartaz de Alice Comedies, Oswald - The Lucky Rabbit ................................................. 28 Figura 4 –El Apóstol (1917), As Aventuras do Príncipe Achmed (1926) ........................................ 30 Figura 5 – Objetos colados na película em Mothlight (1963), Moznosti Dialogu (1982) ................ 33 Figura 6 – Quadro isolado e conjunto de quadros do filme Milk of Amnesia (1992) ..................... 34 Figura 7 – Execução de animação nas técnicas de strata cut e areia .............................................. 39 Figura 8 – Surogat (Zagreb Film, 1961), Gerald McBoing-Boing (UPA, 1950) ............................. 41 Figura 9 – Cutout analógico de Terry Guilliam para o grupo Monthy Python, Ryan (2004)........... 41 Figura 10 – Gráfico de gradação de cores com conceitos de Wells (1998) ..................................... 42 Figura 11 – Heaven and Earth Magic (1962) .................................................................................. 44 Figura 12 – The Skeleton Dance (1929) e Flowers and Trees (1932) .............................................. 45 Figura 13 – The Old Mill (1937) ...................................................................................................... 46 Figura 14 – Rango (2011) ............... ................................................................................................ 47 Figura 15 – Begone Dull Care (1949) e An Optical Poem (1938) ................................................... 48 Figura 16 – Imagens do filme Head (1975) ..................................................................................... 51 Figura 17 – Mesmos personagens em diferentes estilos no filme Divertidamente (2015) .............. 52 Figura 18 – Kung Fu Panda (2008) estilo da introdução e estilo do filme .....................................
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