ECN News 14.Pub
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Who’s using ECN data? ext year marks the 10th anniversary of data collection at ECN sites. For a network operating 54 terrestrial and N freshwater sites, collecting data on over 250 different variables (some of which are gathered daily or even hourly), this is a remarkable achievement. All these data have been subject to rigorous quality control checks and ECNNews collated into a powerful integrated database. Winter 2001-02 250 Data collection has, and will continue to be, the principal The newsletter of the UK Environmental Change Network No. 14 activity of the network since the sites began operating in 200 2003. However, ECN data have not gathered virtual dust 150 The Environmental Change Network (ECN) is a UK multi-agency research programme co-ordinated by the Natural Environment Research Council in the dim recesses of the database. Instead, the data have 100 been made freely available. Data summaries can be viewed and downloaded from the ECN web site, and 50 Number of accesses complete validated datasets may be obtained for use, 0 under licence, in bona fide research. Figure 1 shows Climate change impacts increasing use of the Summary Database. Apr-98 Oct-98 Apr-99 Oct-99 Apr-00 Oct-00 Apr-01 Oct-01 The reality check Data from the network have value both for teaching and Quarter here is now an overwhelming scientific consensus that climate change is happening and will continue for the research, and as part of an on-going promotional activity, • Figure 1 The number of times the ECN Summary Database foreseeable future. But what do we really know about the impacts of these changes over the past 100 years and we have recently extended the number of contacts in key T (www.ecn.ac.uk/Database/index.html) has been accessed per how confident are we that we can detect, predict and adapt to these impacts over the next 100 years? The honest university and college departments in an effort to raise quarter since 1998. answers are “not a lot” and “not very”. awareness of ECN’s data resources. Figure 2 shows the Figure 2 Requests for raw data by user type The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently types of users requesting raw ECN data. IPCC concludes that globally Government produced a list1 of published studies that have demonstrated Some may say ten years of data is not very much. But already 69 School averaged surface temperature rose Other 6% 4% environmental responses to climate change over the past 100 years using journal papers, and over 200 publications in total, based on ECN data by 0.6°C during the 20th century 2% indicator species or systems. It listed only 44 animal and plant studies, have been published in ECN’s ten-year history. As more data are and may rise by between 1.4 and and 16 on glaciers, sea ice, snow or ice cover. Not much to go on. collected, and time-series patterns emerge, this figure is certain to rise Individual 5.8°C during the next 100 years. 1% further. In the meantime, we are continuing to explore the data, looking What about the next 100 years? There are an increasing number of for sensitive indicators of change and building on our understanding of Research predictions concerning the likely future impacts of climate change on global ecosystems. But no amount of the causes of environmental change. Furthermore, by sharing the data Institute modelling or analysis will replace the need for high quality, long-term data – which is why ECN and related as widely as possible, we are allowing others to do the same, each new 25% University initiatives in Europe and around the globe will have such an important part to play in the future processes of 56% piece of work adding, little -by-little, to our collective understanding of detection, management and adaptation to climate change impacts. how ecosystems work. NGO Simple observations of change such as those provided by the UK Phenology Network2 and the Department for the 3% To request ECN raw data, complete the form Andrew Sier Environment, Food and Rural Affairs3 on Climate Change Indicators for the UK show how changes in climate may at www.ecn.ac.uk/request.htm Commercial CEH Merlewood 3% be impacting on the UK's flora and fauna. ECN is beginning to contribute to the debate by identifying potential winners and losers in a changing UK climate. An ECN study4 showed that, following the 1995 drought, most common species of butterfly increased in numbers. Southern, highly mobile, species increased most, whilst numbers of some northern species declined. Numbers of most moth species also increased. Such responses to drought and ECN Contacts other extreme climate events give us clues to the possible biological impacts of climate change. But we are a long- Central Coordination Unit ECN Sponsors way from understanding the full implications of such changes in relation to the ecosystem services that ultimately Coordinator: Dr Terry Parr, [email protected] Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council Cyngor Cefn Gwlad Cymru - Countryside Council for Wales matter to society. For this we need: Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru – The National Assembly for Wales Scientific Liaison Officer: Dr Andrew Sier, [email protected] Defence Science and Technology Laboratory · a full range of indicators that reflect climate change impacts on ecosystem services (e.g. water quality, & Newsletter Editor Department of Agriculture and Rural Development biodiversity and carbon storage) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs CEH Merlewood English Nature · data from fully integrated long-term programmes to separate climate effects from confounding factors Windermere Road Tel: 015395 32264 Environment Agency · the capability to detect abrupt and non-linear changes in ecosystem structure and function Grange-over-Sands Fax: 015395 34704 Environment and Heritage Service CEH Cumbria LA11 6JU Forestry Commission · the capability to detect changes in ecosystems on broad geographical scales using national, European and Global © Natural Environment Research Council networks of sites combined with the efficient use of data from remote sensing. Research organisations undertaking ECN monitoring Scottish Environment Protection Agency Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department Agricultural Development Advisory Service, Drayton 1Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (IPCC) 2www.phenology.org.uk/ 3www.nbu.ac.uk/iccuk/ Chemical and Biological Defence, Porton Scottish Natural Heritage 4Morecroft, MD, et al. (2002). Effects of drought on contrasting insect and plant species in the UK in the mid-1990s. Global Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Photo: Andrew Sier Forest Research, Alice Holt Ecology and Biogeography, 11 (1), 7 -22. Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Pitlochry Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, North Wyke Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Contents The Macaulay Institute Environmental Change Research Unit, University College London. Grazing in the Alice holt ECN site Application of GIS Sampling Using ECN data uplands macrophytes 3 4-5 6 7 8 ECN on the web: www.ecn.ac.uk www.ecn.ac.uk Designed & edited by Andrew Sier, CEH. This issue was printed Bordercolour, Carlisle Plus: 8 News – ECN protocols on web – Winning photo – Selected ECN publications 1 News Monitoring macrophytes ne of the aims of the Environmental Change 1The method is described in Scott, WA et al. (2002). Measurement protocols on the web O Network (ECN) is to refine and develop new ways Monitoring of aquatic macrophytes for detection of long- term change in river systems. Environmental Monitoring he UK Environmental Change Network Protocols for are amendments to the spittle bug (IS), soils (S) and water of detecting change. The development of a method for and Assessment, 73(2), 131-153 T Standard Measurements are now available on the ECN handling (WH) protocols, and the analytical guidelines for monitoring aquatic plants (macrophytes) at freshwater web site. They can be viewed as Word 6 documents. water samples protocol is now coded WAG (was AG). sites is an example of just such a method. The challenge Other recent freshwater-related papers from ECN include: Amendments to the 1996 (terrestrial sites) and 1999 was to find a rigorous scientific method whilst keeping (freshwater sites) publications are highlighted, and future Details of sample labelling and data specifications (contained costs to a minimum. This was particularly difficult in Gibson, CE, Wang, GX, Foy, RH and Lennox, SD (2001). updates will be shown. in a separate chapter in the original publications) have been The importance of catchment and lake processes in the streams and rivers where the distribution and abundance phosphorus budget of a large lake. Chemosphere, 42(2), 215- reproduced at the end of each protocol document, with links of species is highly variable and can change markedly in 220. Where a protocol has been changed since publication this is to the list of site and measurement codes. the space of days in response to events such as flood. indicated in the title header, with amendments to the text Heaney, SI, Foy, RH, Kennedy, GJA, Crozier, WW and underlined and the appropriate date in the footer. The main Future updates will still be notified to site managers, but the O'Connor, WCK (2001). Impacts of agriculture on aquatic changes are as follows: a new optional protocol for sulphur latest version of a protocol can now be checked online. The ECN method1 for the long-term monitoring of systems: lessons learnt and new unknowns in Northern dioxide measurement (AS) has been added, the code for the macrophytes in rivers and streams is based on Ireland. Marine and Freshwater Research, 52(1), 152-163. nitrogen dioxide protocol has changed from AC to AN, there Go to: www.ecn.ac.uk/protocols./index.asp techniques first proposed by the Standing Committee of Miller, JD, Adamson, JK and Hirst, D (2001).