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**********************S**************************** VOLIAM Twgxty DOCUMENT RESUME ED 341 243 FL 019 999 AUTHOR Fisiak, Jacek, Ed. TITLE Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, Volume Twenty Three. The Polish-English Contrastive Project. INSTITUTION Adam Mickiewicz Univ. in Poznan (Poland).; Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY OffiCe of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC. REPORT NO ISBN-83-232-0186-2; ISSN-0137-2459 PUB DATE 88 NOTE 234p. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) --Reference Materials - Bibliographies (131) JOURNAL CIT Papers and Studies in ContrastiveLinguistics; v23 1988 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adjectives; Annotated Bibliographies; Arabic; Arabs; *Comparative Analysis; Consonants; *Contrastive Linguistics; Cross Cultural Studies; Czech; Discourse Analysis; Dutch; English; Foreign Countries; German; Language Acquisition; *Language Classification; Linguistic Borrowing; *Morphology (Languages); Polish; Semantics; Sentence Structure; *Structural Analysis (Linguistics); Text Structure; Uncommonly Taught Languages; Verbs IDENTIFIERS Polish English Contrastive Project ABSTRACT Ten articles are presented in this volume on contrastive linguistics. The articles and authors are as follows: "Contrastive Grammar: Theory and Practice" (F. Aarts and H. Wekker); "On the Semantic and Morphological Status of Reversative Verbs in English and German" (W.-P. Funk); "The Problem of Directionality in Contrastive Studies Based on Cognitive Linguistics" (R. Kalisz); "Towards Contrastive Morphology: The Comparative Degree of Polish and English Adjectives" (A. Wojcicki); "Dutch Loanwords in Munsee:The Contrastive Phonology of Borrowing" (P. Swiggers); "Transfer and Related Strategies in the Acquisition of English RelativeClauses by Adult Arab Learners" (H. Y. Tushyeh); "On the Disparity Between Morphological and Semantic Structure of Derivatives" (B. Pasternak-Cetnarowska); "English Verbal Complements, DutchSpeaking Learners, and the Role of Length: An Investigation of Error in One Area of English Grammar" (J. P. Kirby); "Tonic Prominence andthe Coding of Thematic-Rhematic Relations" (M. Pakosz); and "On Quantifiers and Negation in Czech" (A. Grygar-Rechziegel). (LB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************S**************************** VOLIAM TWgXTY Witois OA= MAW AwistAta skpo editor: VICY'Sri$A DRAY2D2I4147-FIALST ;4t U DEPARTMENT OP EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS Office ofkaucalieNai gfeeirchop Impooverneni EDUCATIONAL RE SOuRCE S INFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC! {,14mi POcurnentis been reproduced es mceewil Nom tNe )etson or ofgantretion oflgnet,rtg Mnorchimp!!!have Delon mab! rt.tp,to mord:1061,0o Quail! y PorniS or vet* 0.00,,,ons Staled th,s dock., Oo nOt maCesSa,11. ,e{3,03en1 offic TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OEM peellion or polcy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." r FORTHCOMING PSICL XXIV' Philip A. Luelsdorff (Regensbug): flilir.gual intralinguistie orthograpMe interference Wolfgang T.T. Dressler (Vienna) and Lavinia Mr1i,ii Barbaresi (Parma): Reasomeiatimt of sentences melodies raiyna Rowieka (Bialystok): English word stress and empty vowel slots Miwiej Pakosz (Lublin) and Vanessa Flasehner (Los Angeh.$): Prosodic features aml nar roam strategies in Polish diseourse Roland ko (Amsterdam): .4 parameter f syllabification Piotr Ruszkiewiez (Opole): Remarks on mit ing phenomena: with special referetwe to English and Polish Thanasis Kakouriot is (Thessaloniki): The de finite articles in English and Mod areek; U vom parison Airia Duszak (Warsaw): Natural categorization and functional sentence perspective Barbara Daneygier (Warsaw): Conditionals and coneessivm Barbara Daneygier (Warsaw): A note on the so-called indicative conditionals Barbara Schwarte (Anws): A review of L2 completnentation production studies? Peter Harder (Copenhagen): Contrastive litiguisties n the classroom Falk-Bituó (Budapest): Characteridirs of language shift in twn American-Hungarian bilingual communities. Ewa Jaworsloi (Oxford): I ntransitity prepositions in Poli.sh Guillermo Bartelt (Kimmel and Presuott): Cfsjnitive pincer...es in Aparhean English 3 THE POLISH-ENGLISHCONTRASTIVE PROJECT PAPERS ANDSTUDIES IN CONTRASTIVELINGUISTICS VOLUME 23 Editor: JACEK FISIAK Assistant to the editor: KRYSTYNADROgDZIAL.SZELEST Advisory Board Chairman: Nils Erik Enkvist (Abo) Vico-Chairman: Gerhard Nickel(Stuttgart) Members W.-D. Bald (Aachen) Andr6 Jolly (Lille) Rolf Berndt (Rostock) Dieter Kustovsky (Vienna) broder Carstensen (Paderborn) Wolfgang liehlwein (Trier) Dumitru Chitoran (Bucharest) Liam Mac Mathuna (Dublin) Laszl6 Dezsti (Budapest) Lewis Mukattash (Amman) 2.obert di Pietro (Washington) Kari Sajavaara (Jyvaskyli,) Stig Eliasson (Uppsala) Michael Sharwood Smith L. K. Engels (Leuven) (TJtreaht) John J. &amok (Washington,I).C.) Rudolf Filipovié (Zagreb) Roland Sussex (Melbourne) Thomas Fraser (Lille) Jan Svartvik (Lund) Ude Fries (Zitrich) Shivendra Kiahore Verma(Hyderabad) Stig Johansson (Oslo) Werner Winter (Kiel) POZNAN' 1988 ADAM M Ka I EMUUNIVERSITY, POZNAN Technical layout: MICHAL Lyssowsm Proof.reacling: ANDRZEJ PIETRZAK "ISBN 53-232-0186-2 ISSN 0137-2459 WVDAWIIICTWO NAV:NOW); 1INIWERSYTETVIM. A DAMA MICh. IEWICZA W FOZNAML7 Naktad 14004-100 egr, A. wyd. 19,75. Ark.druk. 18,075 +13 *II. Psi) ler Bum. g. kl. Podplaano du druku I 0 V IOSS r. III. SO u 70100. Oddanu do ski Al11141kil 12 X I MO r. Druk ukotIcssno w ruaju IOSS r. Zatn. Cella xl 400, DIWKA1.N1A UNIWEIZAYTEIT zn.ADAM.% 3111`gIEWII"ZA l'OZNAS, UL. 1111011I1' In 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAPERS nor Aarta and Herman Wekker (Nijmegen):Contrastive granunar: theory and practice 5 Wolf-Petca Funk (Laval): On the semanticand morphological status ofreversa- Live verbs in English and German 19 Roman Kalisz (Gdansk). The problem ofdirectionality in contrastive studies based on cognitive linguistics 37 Adam W6j cicki (W arsaw): Towardscontrastive morphology: the comparative degree of Polish and English adjectis es 47 Pierre Swiggers (Bruseels): Dutch loanwordsin Munsee: The contrastive phono- logy of borrowing Hanna Y. Tushyeh (An-Najah): Transfer 61 and related strategies in theacquistition of English relative clauses by adnit Arab Learners 69 Boiena Pastern ak-Cetnarows ka (Katowice): On the disparitybetween mor- phological and semantic structure of derivatives 87 John P. Kirby (Mons): English verbalcomplements. Dutch speakinglearners and the role of length: an investigation of error in one area of Englishgrammar 107 Maciej Pakosz (Lublin): Tonicprominence and the coding oft hematie-rhematic relations Adele. Grycar-Ree h Zi eget 119 (Amsterdam): On quantifiers and1u-cationin Czech 135 It }NI 1,,W Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszezykand Jerzy Toinaszce.yk(LOciZ): Con- trastive lexical semantics: theory and applicatims 169 APH Lary t4tI i k r and .thined Fak Ii ri (Michigan): An annotatedbibliography of U.S. PhD. iiksertat ions in contrastive linguistics: 19701983 183 t PAPERS CONTRASTIVE GRAMMAR: THEORY ANDPRACTICE* Fi.M. AWES and HERMAN WEKRER l'friiivi4Limof Sij:44 *ore This paper consists of two parts. Inpart one we focus our attentionon three questions that have playeda major role in the contrastive analysis debate since the 1950's (see Aarts, 1982): 1. What is a contrastive grammar? 2. What are the goals of a contrastivegrammar 3. How arc these goals to be achieved? Our conclusion will be thata pedagogicalontrastive grammar of two lan- guages need not be based on a particular linguistic theory. The contrastive grammarian should be free to base his descriptionon more than one theory, provided he sucezeds in findinga pedagogically suitable format for the pre- sentation of his findings. In the second part of thispaper we will present a brief outline of the con- trastive grammar of English and I hitch thatwe have written at the University of Nijmegen (Arts and Wekker, 1987). I, i8 a midra.stive gram nrui.? A contra.stive grammar of two languagesmay be defined as an attempt to systsmnatically compare the grammars of these languages. Ideally, inorder te lw adequate, such a comparison must meet at least three criteria.First, it should involve all levels of linguistic organization. In other word.s,a contrastive grammar deals with the phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic alui pragmatic levels of the two languages concerned. Secondly,a contrastive grammar should be bidirectional, that is, it should pay equal attention to both AIL cuthcr vtirsam of this paper was read tit Lilo second FUSEConforonce on English Language I Zeseareh, held at the Free 1Jniver8ity, Amsterdam,on 2 5 January 1.985. 6 F.Amuand H. Waidum languages that are being compared. Thirdly, a contrastive grammar should be nonselective. This means that it should deal not only with contrasts, but also with similarities. A contrastive description of two languages may be said to yield at leastfour sets of statements: I. a set of statements about itms; 2. a set of statements about structures; 3. a set of statements about meanings; 4. a set of statements about pragmatics. Each statementR teach linguistic level may be regarded as a definition of some regularity or rule. A contrastive description of two languages maythus be viewed as a comparison of their rule systems. Such a comparison enablesthe contrastive linguist to establish which rules are shared and whichrules are language-specific. These inventories are obviously interesting both from a pedagogical
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