1980 • • • • • AT AGLANCE DEVELOPMENT (LED-R) LOW-EMISSION RURAL PLEDGES &COMMITMENTS TIMELINE OFIMPORTANT EVENTS KEEs provide opportunities to resolve landuseconflicts by working being piloted in theKubu Raya, Kayong Utara, andKetapang districts, sector (concession holders) andlocal communities (LC). Currently collaboration between provincial anddistrictgovernments, private 2017 asastrategy to curbdeforestation/degradation, representing a WK –oneofthefew provinces implementingKEEs–launcheditin conservation andecosystem functioning andreduce deforestation. economic value for local/traditional livelihoods to supportbiodiversity multiple ecosystems, endemichabitats, biological corridors, andhigh are established outsideofdesignated State forest landsinareas of Essential Ecosystem Areas SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION international support)below BAU. (unconditional) to 41%(conditional on national goal: Reduce emissions29% 4 deforestation 80%below baseline. ranching 98%below BAU. Reduce emissionsfrom agriculture & forestry &peatlands 58%below BAU; SRAP-REDD+). 60% below BAU (updating the2013 1 Reduce land-based GHGemissions End deforestation. forests intact forests &0.40Mha(26%)were post-1973 logged plantations between 2000-2016,0.23Mha(15%) were Of the1.53Mhaconverted to industrialoilpalm forest areas in oilpalm plantation area nationally, mostlyinto non- From 2011-2016,WKexperienced thehighestgrowth agricultural production) crops, particularly oilpalm (accounts for 53%of of provincial GDP, withastrong investment inplantation Agriculture, forestry &fisheriessector contributes 20% Malays (34%)occupy coastal &riverine areas the Dayak (35%)occupy mostinlandlandscapes &the Indigenous peoples(IP)comprise majorityofpopulation: in conservation &watershed-protection areas is 38%ofWestKalimantan (WK),with25%oftheprovince Forest cover, includingpeat swamp forest andmangrove, WEST INDONESIA KALIMANTAN the Dayak conditions for to improve founded Foundation Social Work Pancur Kasih 2 Reduce emissionsfrom 5 Contribute to

3 Reduce livelihoods improve Dayak established to Dayakology Institute 1990

(Kawasan Ekosistem Esensial–KEEs) JURISDICTIONAL NATIONAL

WK Indigenous Peoples’ Alliance (AMAN)founded Consortium ofDayak Peoples’ Empowerment & Kapuas HuluRegency designated asConservation District inresponse to illegal logging Nationally Determined Contribution illegally logged timberto Malaysia Presidential decree ceased export of New York Declaration onForests 2000 Emissions Reduction (RAD-GRK) AVERAGE ANNUAL JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION MAIN ECONOMIC Regional ActionPlan onGHG Provincial REDD+Strategy & RURAL/URBAN Action Plan(SRAP REDD+) POPULATION POPULATION

Rio Branco Declaration DRIVERS OF ACTIVITIES Force (GCF) Climate &Forest Task Joined Governor’s (NDC) to UNFCCC AREA GINI GDP HDI concession companies to set landaside. coordination, anduncertainty aboutsuccess ofincentives encouraging challenges includeensuring effective andmulti-stakeholder multi-level single landuse/tenure mapandgood governance practices. Remaining currently gathering information onforest functions a anddeveloping forest products (NTFP).InsupportofKEEs,the WKgovernment is sustainabledeveloping alternative livelihoods based onnon-timber cultural preservation, mitigating human-wildlife conflicts, and compensations are underdiscussion).Benefitsto LC includefostering that isto begoverned by amulti-stakeholder group (incentives and with concession owners to designate part oftheirlandasaKEE 0.327 (2017, baseyear 2010) USD 8.7billion 66.26 5,001,700 146.954 km Includes above-ground biomass 22.1 MtCO 67%/ 33%

other industry & Manufacturing Trade Agriculture Illegal logging Large-scale illegal mining Large-scale legal mining Large-scale agriculture Forest fires Small-scale illegal mining

(2017) (2017)

2010 (2018) (2017) 2 2 (1990-2012) 5 4 3

◆ ◆ ◆ 2 1

HUNDREDS of km² 10 15 20 25 30

0 5

91-96 9.2 97-00 the FRELbaseline period1990-2012) 2018

33% ofburnedarea was peatland led to environmental, economic &health impacts; fires (initiallyset to clear land)andresulting haze Under thedrierconditions ofElNino, outofcontrol 4.0 Average yearly deforestation (using GDP Deforestation

in LandakRegency to supportresearch &training Forest Area withSpecialPurposes(KHDTK) created 01-03 3.5 Green Growth Plan(GGP)established 04-06 PONTIANAK

(FREL) alignedwithnationalFREL WK Forest Reference EmissionLevel 7.5

2020 07-09 WK FRELformalized DEFORESTATION FOREST NO FOREST 9.8 (1990-2015) 10-11 6.3

◆ 12

 10.0 agreement orforum Part ofinternational

13 29.7 Forestry data from of Ministry Deforestation: Derived BPSSocio-economic: Data sources:

14 3.6

15

4.6

16 12.5 124 2030 17 5.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TRILLIONS IDR TRILLIONS KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES

BILATERAL 1 1 Forest & climate change program (FORCLIME) BILATERAL PUBLIC PUBLIC National & local PROVINCIAL PROVINCIAL governments, LC PUBLIC2 PUBLIC3 Promote sustainable forest management, reduce GHG emissions & improve rural LC livelihoods

NATIONAL PUBLIC4 DISTRICT PROVINCIAL PUBLIC2 PUBLIC5 Green Growth Plan (GGP) West Kalimantan Provincial & district DISTRICT PUBLIC5 PRIVATE NATIONAL PRIVATE6 FOR PROFIT6 governments, private INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL sector, LC & IP 7 Increase economic growth & ecosystem protection; improve livelihoods NON-PROFIT7 NON-PROFIT

NATIONALPUBLIC9 Community-Focused Investments to Address Deforestation LC in & around 5 FMUs in PROVINCIAL PUBLIC3 & Forest Degradation (CFI-ADD+) Kapuas Hulu & Sintang MULTILATERAL 10 8 DISTRICT PUBLIC districts; National, OTHER PRIVATE FOR Build institutions, local capacity & partnerships to strengthen forest provincial, & local 11 PROFIT management units (FMU); improve REDD+ implementation governments

BILATERAL Low-Carbon Forest Investment Strategy (part of SRAP REDD+) BILATERAL PUBLIC12 National & Provincial PUBLIC12 PROVINCIAL Provide legal basis for provincial results‐based payments and governments, LC 13 PUBLIC development of low-carbon economy

1 GIZ through KfW. 2 WK Revenue & Expenditure Budget (APBD). 3 WK provincial government. 4 State Income & Expenditure Budget (APBN). 5 District government. 6 Bumitama Agri Ltd. 7 Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH); 8 Asian Development Bank (ADB) via Forest Investment Program (FIP) under the Strategic Climate Fund of the Climate Investment Funds. 9 Forest Investment Program steering committee: Ministry of Environment & Forestry (MOEF), Presidential Delivery Unit for REDD+ (UKP4), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), National Council on Climate Change. 10 Kapuas Hulu & Sintang district governments. 11 PT Hatfield Indonesia. 12 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). 13 WK Offices for Environment & Forestry, Agriculture & Plantations

PROGRESS TO JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES Integrated LED-R • SRAP REDD+, strengthened by GGP, is being mainstreamed into WK’s Medium-Term Development Plan Strategy 2019-2023 (RPJMD) • Low technical capacity in provincial • WK Spatial Plan 2014-2034 (RTRWP) integrates sustainability principles & GGP government agencies leads to sub- Spatial plan • RTRWP pursues integrated, sustainable & equitable development & protects high conservation value (HCV) optimal governance & enforcement & conservation areas (e.g., Heart of Borneo & Betung Kerihun National Park), but does not acknowledge • Coordination between national & customary land rights sub-national government agencies • Approved National One Map initiative aims to address land use conflicts & forestry management needs to clearly define roles in land-use Performance • SRAP REDD+ elaborates on RAD-GRK & WK FREL to set actions & targets for reducing emissions decisions • RPJMD & GGP include some international commitments (e.g., NDC, SDGs) but progress is limited targets • Weak enforcement of RTRWP & forestry Monitoring, • WK govt measured GHG emissions from deforestation & forest degradation from 2012-2016 management laws  land use does not reporting & • WK has technical guidelines for measuring forest & non-forest carbon reserves, with plans to create a web- always align with regulations based MRV system in 2019 verification (MRV) • Prioritization of large companies/ Policies & • Various provincial policies & regulations incentivize sustainable landscapes (e.g., KEE) & reward emission plantations interests over IP/LC incentives reductions regarding land use & rights continues • GGP strengthens FMUs, spatial planning, & land titling; establishes partnerships with private sector for to result in conflicts sustainable value chains (e.g., with IDH); & engages LC & farmers Multi-stakeholder • ­The Joint Secretariat (SekBer) improves coordination between WK govt, private sector, & NGOs on forest OPPORTUNITIES governance management (e.g. overlapping land claims, plantations) & advises on policy development • Implementation of GGP can • SRAP REDD+ Task Force includes private sector, LC, IP, govt, academic & NGO stakeholders support LED-R (e.g., private sector Sustainable • Initiatives such as KHDTK & KEE offer alternative livelihoods for LC based on NTFPs commitments supporting WK’s targets commodity • In 2018, WK’s 1st biomass power plant began operating using oil palm & agricultural waste from to reduce deforestation) surrounding plantations & LC; WK is developing biodiesel from Philippine tung trees production • Integration of sustainability principles Indigenous peoples • WK REDD+ Working Group (Pokja REDD+), established in 2012, has a safeguards information system into provincial regulations (e.g., & local community (SIS-REDD+) & provides legal framework for conflict resolution (between IP, private sector & local govt), RTRWP) further supports GGP rights recognition & protection of IP rights, & an inclusive social forestry program • Empowerment of Natural Resource Management (PPSDAK) & WK AMAN coordinate customary land rights implementation registration (BRWA) & update social & spatial data to resolve persisting land conflicts • Inclusion of GHG emission mitigation as a strategic issue in the RPJMD opens LED-R finance • Continued support from APBN & international donors/NGOs (eg. FIP, FORCLIME) & voluntary & legally- required corporate social responsibility identified as funding sources in SRAP REDD+ access to national & provincial budgets • Provincial regulation (Perda 6/2018) requiring land-based business permit CITATION | S. Peteru, E.M. Wardani, Y. Laumonier, C. Chan. 2018. “West Kalimantan, Indonesia” in C. Stickler et al. (Eds.), The State of Jurisdictional Sustainability. San Francisco, CA: EII; Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR; Boulder, CO: GCF-TF. holders to allocate 7% of land for COMPLETE REFERENCES & DATA SOURCES PROVIDED AT www.earthinnovation.org/state-of-jurisdictional-sustainability conservation – the 1st of its kind 2019/12/04 nationally – is in implementation

TECHNICAL TEAM SUPPORTEDSupported by: BY

Earth Innovation Institute based on a decision of the German Bundestag