West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Jurisdictional indicators brief

State area: 146,954 km² (7.72% of Indonesia) Original forest area: 87,140 km² Current forest area (2018): 54,640 km² (37.2% of West Kalimantan) Yearly deforestation (2018) 424 km² Yearly deforestation rate (2018) 0.77% Interannual deforestation change -19% (2017-2018) Accumulated deforestation (2001-2018): 14,496 km² Protected conservation areas: 14,505 km² (9.9% of West Kalimantan) Carbon stocks (2015): 595 millions tons (above ground biomass) Representative crops (2017): Rice (1,397,953 tons); NA (NA tons); NA (NA tons) Value of agricultural production (2017): $2,521,286,887 USD More on jurisdictional sustainability State of jurisdictional sustainability

Index: Forest and people | Deforestation | Burned area | Emissions from deforestation | Livestock | Agriculture | Aquaculture

Forest and people In 2018, the estimated area of forest in the province of West Kalimantan was 54,640 km2, equivalent to 37.2% of the province’s total area, and to 6.5% of the forest remaining in Indonesia. The total accumulated forest lost during the period 2001-2018 was 14,496 km2, equivalent to 19.3% of the forest area remaining in 2001. West Kalimantan concentrated about 6.4% of the carbon reserves stored in the biomass of the Indonesia tropical forest (about 595 mt C as of 2018)

a b 100% 37.2% of the province is covered with forest DRAFT80%

60%

6.5% of Indonesia forest area 40% 37.2%

20%

6.4% of Indonesia forest carbon stock 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2001 2018 No forest (%) Deforestation (%) Forest (%) Figure 1: a) forest share and b) transition of forest to deforestation over the last years

There were 5.1 million people living in West Kalimantan as of 2020, distributed in 18 districts, with 0.6 million people living in the capital city of Pontianak. The province has formally designated conservation areas which represent 10% of the province (see Figure 2).

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-1 Report created July 15, 2020 Figure 2: Map of most populated places (> 150,000 people) and indigenous and protected areas in West Kalimantan Deforestation The yearly deforestation in West Kalimantan has declined for two consecutive years, recovering from an all time deforestation peak of 2,970 km2 registered in 2013, when the province lost about 5% of its forest area. The reported deforestation in West Kalimantan in 2018 was 424 km2, indicating a decline of -19% with respect to 2017. The deforestation rate of 2018 was 0.77%, and represented 8.6% of the total deforestation in Indonesia in 2018. The province’s deforestation is 40% below the reference deforestation baseline 1990-2012 (see Figure 3). 75% of the deforestation is located in the five most affected districts in the province (see Figure 4). In 2015 the district of Kubu Raya represented ofDRAFT the province’s deforestation with 130 km2.

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-2 Report created July 15, 2020 3000

2000 value

1000 753 628 424 403 347 363

0

98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1997 2018

Deforestation Average 3−year deforestation Deforestation baseline Figure 3: Yearly deforestation (푘푚2) and deforestation baseline a b 2015 130

1004

2010 Year DRAFT2005

2000

Melawi Landak Sambas Sintang Sanggau Ketapang Mempawah Kubu Raya Kayong Utara Kapuas Hulu Km2 Km2 250 500 750 1000 0 25 50 75 100 125 Figure 4: a) Yearly deforestation by districts in 2015 b) Yearly deforestation in top 10 most affected districts (푘푚2)

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-3 Report created July 15, 2020 Table 1: Forest and deforestation indicators in the province of West Kalimantan Year Forest (km2) Deforestation Deforestation rate (%) Annual variation (%) 2001 67,727 346.95 0.50 -14 2002 67,727 346.95 0.51 0 2003 67,727 346.95 0.51 0 2004 65,691 753.50 1.11 117.2 2005 65,691 753.50 1.15 0 2006 65,691 753.50 1.15 0 2007 62,632 984.06 1.50 30.6 2008 62,632 984.06 1.57 0 2009 62,632 984.06 1.57 0 2010 61,491 627.96 1.00 -36.2 2011 61,491 627.96 1.02 0 2012 60,536 997.30 1.62 58.8 2013 57,599 2,969.51 4.91 197.8 2014 57,236 362.94 0.63 -87.8 2015 56,873 457.89 DRAFT0.80 26.2 2016 56,415 1,250.91 2.20 173.2 2017 55,164 524.10 0.93 -58.1 2018 54,640 423.91 0.77 -19.1

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-4 Report created July 15, 2020 DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-5 Report created July 15, 2020 Burned area According to the NASA-USGS analysis of MODIS satellite observations, the average yearly burned area in West Kalimantan was 693 km2 for the period 2010-2020. This figure includes burned areas due to fires in forest, savannahs and opened agricultural areas. The burned area in 2019 was 1,846 km2 and the worst year in the last decade was 2014 with 2,482 km2 burned. In most years, the months of September and August represented the peak of the fire season (see Figure 5).

12

11 34 1 23

10 2 5 149 53 585 130 5 25 70

9 15 102 298 113 633 185 72 5 109 1,279

8 25 295 286 105 517 163 83 17 531 407

7 1 34 44 5 249 113 2 14 75 31

Month 6 31 48 4 18 5 2 3

5 2 5 14

4 8 3 4

3 5 3 18 2 15 1

2 8 1 376 90

1 8 53

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Year DRAFT2,482 2,000 1,846 2 m K 1,000

0 38

12 14 16 18 2010 2019 year Figure 5: Monthly burned area since 2010 (km2). Source: EII analysis of MODIS-MCD64

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-6 Report created July 15, 2020 Emissions from deforestation The accumulated emissions from deforestation in the province of West Kalimantan between 2000 and 2015 amount to 897 million tons of CO2eq, which was equivalent to xx% of the total emissions from deforestation in Indonesia during this period. Considering the observed yearly deforestation, the mean carbon density of the province forest and the business as usual deforestation baseline, the accumulated gross avoided emissions from deforestation during the period from 2013 to 2015 was 27 million tons of CO2eq. This results from summing avoided emissions during the period from 2013 to 2015 in which the deforestation was lower than the business as usual deforestation baseline

a b 13.34

100 10

52.64 52.09 50.48 50 5 39.79 Emissions CO2eq (Millions tons) Avoided emissions CO2 (Millions tons) Avoided

0 0

02 04 06 08 10 12 14 2000 2015 2013 2015

Figure 6: Emissions from deforestation (left) and avoided emissions (right) (CO2eq Millions tons) DRAFT

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-7 Report created July 15, 2020 Livestock

Table 2: Livestock indicators in West Kalimantan

Cattle Pig Poultry Fish Year 2019 2019 2019 NA Herd size: 145,724 489,342 63,680,622 Slaughtered heads: NA NA NA Meat production 5,535 11,622 62,858 (tons): Value (thousands): RpNA IDR

0.15

0.10 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.15

Heads (Millions) 0.05

0.00 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2019 Yearly cattle herd size in the province of West Kalimantan (2000−2019)

0.08 6.1

6 Meat production (thousand tons) 0.06 DRAFT 3.6 4 0.04

2 0.02 Slaughtered head (millions) 0.02 0.02 0.00 0

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 2000 Yearly cattle meat output in terms of slaughtered heads and meat production (thousand tons) in the province of West Kalimantan (2000−2019) Meat production (thousand tons) Slaughtered head (millions)

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-8 Report created July 15, 2020 Agriculture

Oil palms 2.19 2.0 1,000 1.60 915 1.5 602 0.85 1.0 500 389 382 0.49 0.56 0.5

0 0.0

Rice Crop production (Millions tons)

2.0 1,000 1.32 1.30 1.36 1.5 1.06 0.94 508 1.0 500 419 465 362 352 0.5

0 0.0 Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Rubber

2.0 1,000 1.5

1.0 500 DRAFT 374 375 386 351 0.5 0.27 0.29 0.25 0.15 0.20 0 0.0

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2000 2017

Crop production (Millions tons) Harvested area (Thousand hectares) Figure 7: Harvested area and production of the three crops most produced in West Kalimantan

http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-9 Report created July 15, 2020 Aquaculture The plot shows the aquaculture production in the province of West Kalimantan over the last 6 years and the value of this production. The data includes production of fish such as Skunk catfish, Tiger shovelnose catfish, Tambaqui or Tilapia and includes only activities related with fish farming under controlled conditions. Does not include fishing activities.1

392 400 Value (million $R) in local prices 60,000 300

221 40,000 75,630 200 Production (Tons) 20,000 33,975 100

0 0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Production (Tons) Value in local prices (million $R) Figure 8: Yearly aquaculture production (tons) and value of production (Reales) in West Kalimantan a b 2018 455 462 506 656 2,5611,0751,711 951 8,881 6,177

96 420 766 697 3,2511,365 685 870 8,465 6,488

2016 478 417 727 780 923 2,135 2,7081,413 7,916 7,387 Year DRAFT 169 435 679 1,396 691 1,584 2,901 4,572 5,68110,680 2014 165 42 704 1,651 455 1,4592,442 7,331 2,53421,000

27 144 2,9681,717 28 1,0332,415 3,11214,08321,524

Sorriso Paranaíta Canarana Juscimeira Alto Paraguai Campo Verde Várzea Grande

Serra Nova Dourada Lucas do Rio Verde

Nossa Senhora do Livramento Tons Tons 5000100001500020000 2000 4000 6000 8000 Figure 9: a) Yearly aquaculture production (tons) in districts of West Kalimantan in 2018. b) Yearly aquaculture production by districts (Tons)

1The value of production don’t include the class Shellfish seeds, Shrimp, Shrimp larvae and post-larvae, Oysters, scallops and mussels, Other products (frog, alligator, crab, lobster, etc.) and Alevinos. http://earthinnovation.org IN-KB-10 Report created July 15, 2020