Reconciling Economic Growth with Emissions Reductions
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Planned Deforestation: Forest Policy in Papua | 1
PLANNED DEFORESTATION: FOREST POLICY IN PAPUA | 1 Planned Deforestation Forest Policy in Papua PLANNED DEFORESTATION: FOREST POLICY IN PAPUA | 3 CITATION: Koalisi Indonesia Memantau. 2021. Planned Deforestation: Forest Policy in Papua. February, 2021. Jakarta, Indonesia. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Koalisi Indonesia Memantau. 2021. Menatap ke Timur: Deforestasi dan Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan di Tanah Papua. Februari, 2021. Jakarta, Indonesia. Photo cover: Ulet Ifansasti/Greenpeace PLANNED DEFORESTATION: FOREST POLICY IN PAPUA | 3 1. INDONESIAN DEFORESTATION: TARGETING FOREST-RICH PROVINCES Deforestation, or loss of forest cover, has fallen in Indonesia in recent years. Consequently, Indonesia has received awards from the international community, deeming the country to have met its global emissions reduction commitments. The Norwegian Government, in line with the Norway – Indonesia Letter of Intent signed during the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono presidency, paid USD 56 million,1 equivalent to IDR 812 billion, that recognizes Indonesia’s emissions achievements.2 Shortly after that, the Green Climate Fund, a funding facility established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreed to a funding proposal submitted by Indonesia for USD 103.8 million3, equivalent to IDR 1.46 trillion, that supports further reducing deforestation. 923,050 923,550 782,239 713,827 697,085 639,760 511,319 553,954 508,283 494,428 485,494 461,387 460,397 422,931 386,328 365,552 231,577 231,577 176,568 184,560 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 Figure 1. Annual deforestation in Indonesia from 2001-2019 (in hectares). Deforestation data was obtained by combining the Global Forest Change dataset from the University of Maryland’s Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD) and land cover maps from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). -
The North Kalimantan Communist Party and the People's Republic Of
The Developing Economies, XLIII-4 (December 2005): 489–513 THE NORTH KALIMANTAN COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FUJIO HARA First version received January 2005; final version accepted July 2005 In this article, the author offers a detailed analysis of the history of the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP), a political organization whose foundation date itself has been thus far ambiguous, relying mainly on the party’s own documents. The relation- ships between the Brunei Uprising and the armed struggle in Sarawak are also referred to. Though the Brunei Uprising of 1962 waged by the Partai Rakyat Brunei (People’s Party of Brunei) was soon followed by armed struggle in Sarawak, their relations have so far not been adequately analyzed. The author also examines the decisive roles played by Wen Ming Chyuan, Chairman of the NKCP, and the People’s Republic of China, which supported the NKCP for the entire period following its inauguration. INTRODUCTION PRELIMINARY study of the North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP, here- after referred to as “the Party”), an illegal leftist political party based in A Sarawak, was published by this author in 2000 (Hara 2000). However, the study did not rely on the official documents of the Party itself, but instead relied mainly on information provided by third parties such as the Renmin ribao of China and the Zhen xian bao, the newspaper that was the weekly organ of the now defunct Barisan Sosialis of Singapore. Though these were closely connected with the NKCP, many problems still remained unresolved. In this study the author attempts to construct a more precise party history relying mainly on the party’s own information and docu- ments provided by former members during the author’s visit to Sibu in August 2001.1 –––––––––––––––––––––––––– This paper is an outcome of research funded by the Pache Research Subsidy I-A of Nanzan University for the academic year 2000. -
East Kalimantan
PROVINCE INFOGRAPHIC EAST KALIMANTAN Nunukan NUNUKAN Tideng Pale Malinau TANA The boundaries and names shown and the TID UNG designations used on this map do not imply KOTA TARAKAN official endorsement or acceptance by the Tarakan United Nations. MA LINAU BULUNGAN Tanjungselor MOST DENSE LEAST DENSE Tanjung Selor Kota Balikpapan Malinau Tanjungredep MOST POPULATED LEAST POPULATED BERA U Kota Samarinda Tana Tidung 14 1,435 KUTAI DISTRICTS VILLAGES TIMUR Putussibau Sangatta 136 KAPU AS Ujoh Bilang HULU SUB-DISTRICTS Bontang SINTANG KOTA MU RUNG KUTAI BONTANG RAYA KARTANEGARA Legend: Sendawar KOTA SAMARIND A Administrative Boundary Tenggarong Samarinda Samarinda Province Province Capital Purukcahu District District Capital BARITO KUTAI GUNUN G UTARA BARAT MA S Population Transportation Muara Teweh PEN AJAM Population counts at 1km resolution Toll road PA SER Kuala Kurun UTARA KOTA Pasangkayu Primary road 0 BALIKPAPAN Secondary road 1 - 5 Balikpapan Port 6 - 25 Penajam BARITO KATINGAN Airport 26 - 50 SELATAN 51 - 100 Buntok KOTA Other KAPU AS TABALONG PASER 101 - 500 PALANGKA Kasongan Volcano 501 - 2,500 RAYA Tanah Grogot Tamiang Water/Lake 2,501 - 5,000 KOTAWARINGIN Layang Tobadak Tanjung 5,000 - 130,000 TIMUR Palangka Raya BARITO Coastline/River TIMUR Palangkaraya Paringin MA MUJU HULU BALANGAN SUNGAI Amuntai TAPIN UTARA Barabai HULU Sampit SUNGAI KOTA PULANG BARITO HULU SUNGAI Mamuju MA MASA SELATAN TEN GAH BARU GEOGRAPHY PISAU KUALA Mamuju TORA JA East Kalimantan is located at 4°24'N - 2°25'S and 113°44' - 119°00'E. The province borders with Malaysia, specifically Sabah and Sarawak (North), the Sulawesi Ocean and Makasar Straits (East), South Kalimantan (South) and West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and Malaysia (West). -
(COVID-19) Situation Report
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) World Health Organization Situation Report - 64 Indonesia 21 July 2021 HIGHLIGHTS • As of 21 July, the Government of Indonesia reported 2 983 830 (33 772 new) confirmed cases of COVID-19, 77 583 (1 383 new) deaths and 2 356 553 recovered cases from 510 districts across all 34 provinces.1 • During the week of 12 to 18 July, 32 out of 34 provinces reported an increase in the number of cases while 17 of them experienced a worrying increase of 50% or more; 21 provinces (8 new provinces added since the previous week) have now reported the Delta variant; and the test positivity proportion is over 20% in 33 out of 34 provinces despite their efforts in improving the testing rates. Indonesia is currently facing a very high transmission level, and it is indicative of the utmost importance of implementing stringent public health and social measures (PHSM), especially movement restrictions, throughout the country. Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia across the provinces reported from 15 to 21 July 2021. Source of data Disclaimer: The number of cases reported daily is not equivalent to the number of persons who contracted COVID-19 on that day; reporting of laboratory-confirmed results may take up to one week from the time of testing. 1 https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran-covid19 1 WHO Indonesia Situation Report - 64 who.int/indonesia GENERAL UPDATES • On 19 July, the Government of Indonesia reported 1338 new COVID-19 deaths nationwide; a record high since the beginning of the pandemic in the country. -
North Kalimantan Province Has Five Districts and One • Malinau : 226.322 Inhabitants City
PROVINCE OVERVIEW INDONESIA INDUSTRIAL ESTATES DIRECTORY 2018-2019 North Kalimantan Province Beautiful beach of Derawan orth Kalimantan is located in the northern part of Kalimantan Island. The capital city is Tanjung Selor. Basic Data North Kalimantan borders the Malaysian states of NSabah to the north and Sarawak to the west, and the Capital: Tanjung Selor Indonesian province of East Kalimantan to the south. North Kalimantan is the newest province of Indonesia, Major Cities: created on the 25th of October 2012. Administratively, • Tarakan : 239.973 inhabitants North Kalimantan province has five districts and one • Malinau : 226.322 inhabitants city. Its population of 738.163 is spread over an area of • Bulongan : 140.567 inhabitants 75.467,70 km2. • Nunukan : 62.460 inhabitants In developing the province, the government has • Tana Tidung : 22.841 inhabitants set the vision to ”harmonize in Pluralism to achieve an 2 independent, safe, peaceful, clean and proud North Size of Province: 72.567.49 km Kalimantan by 2020“. This vision is to be achieved by reducing poverty and unemployment, increasing economic Population: competitiveness of the agroindustry, tourism, and (1) Province : 738.163 inhabitants sustainable mining and by enhancing North Kalimantan’s (2015) human resources quality to become smarter, nobler, more (2) Province Capital : 42.231 (2012) skillful, and highly competitive. Moreover, the government Salary (2018): wants to develop the province’s infrastructure to enhance The provincial monthly minimum wage : interregional connectivity within Indonesia and with USD 189,62. neighboring countries. The dominant economic sectors of North Kalimantan are mining, agriculture, construction, and the processing industry. In mining, North Kalimantan has many products Educational Attainment such as, crude oil, natural gas, coal, and gold, while for Never attending agriculture, the products produced in North Kalimantan DIPLOMA school % are rice, corn, soy, and livestock. -
West Kalimantan Indonesia
JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE WEST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA FOREST NO FOREST DEFORESTATION (1990-2015) LOW-EMISSION RURAL DEVELOPMENT (LED-R) AT A GLANCE DRIVERS OF Illegal logging DEFORESTATION PONTIANAK • Forest cover, including peat swamp forest and mangrove, Large-scale agriculture is 38% of West Kalimantan (WK), with 25% of the province Small-scale illegal mining Large-scale legal mining in conservation & watershed-protection areas • Indigenous peoples (IP) comprise majority of population: Large-scale illegal mining Forest fires Data sources: the Dayak (35%) occupy most inland landscapes & the Socio-economic: BPS Malays (34%) occupy coastal & riverine areas AVERAGE ANNUAL 22.1 Mt CO2 (1990-2012) Deforestation: Derived EMISSIONS FROM Includes above-ground biomass from Ministry of • Agriculture, forestry & fisheries sector contributes 20% DEFORESTATION Forestry data of provincial GDP, with a strong investment in plantation AREA 146.954 km2 crops, particularly oil palm (accounts for 53% of POPULATION 5,001,700 (2018) (2017) agricultural production) HDI 66.26 30 140 GDP USD 8.7 billion Deforestation 124 GDP • From 2011-2016, WK experienced the highest growth 120 (2017, base year 2010) 25 Average yearly deforestation (using in oil palm plantation area nationally, mostly into non- (2017) ² the FREL baseline period 1990-2012) GINI 0.327 100 IDR TRILLIONS forest areas km 20 MAIN ECONOMIC Agriculture 80 • Of the 1.53 Mha converted to industrial oil palm ACTIVITIES Trade 15 plantations between 2000-2016, 0.23 Mha (15%) were 60 Manufacturing -
Humanitarian Snapshot (April - May 2013)
INDONESIA: Humanitarian Snapshot (April - May 2013) Highlights The incidence and humanitarian impact of floods, landslides and whirlwinds increased in April and May Some 220,000 persons were affected or displaced in about 198 natural disasters during April and May – an increase since the last reporting period. Floods from Bengawan Solo ACEH River inundated parts six district RIAU ISLANDS in Central and East Java NORTH SUMATRA Provinces. The floods killed 11 EAST KALIMANTAN GORONTALO NORTH SULAWESI NORTH MALUKU persons and affected up to ten RIAU WEST KALIMANTAN thousand persons. WEST SUMATRA CENTRAL SULAWESI WEST PAPUA CENTRAL KALIMANTAN The alert level status of three JAMBI BANGKA BELITUNG ISLANDS SOUTH KALIMANTAN WEST SULAWESI SOUTH SUMATRA MALUKU volcanoes has been increased BENGKULU SOUTH SULAWESI SOUTHEAST SULAWESI to level 3: Mt Soputan (North PAPUA LAMPUNG Sulawesi), Mt Papandayan (in West Java) and Mt. BANTEN WEST JAVA Sangeangapi (in West Nusa CENTRAL JAVA Tenggara). EAST JAVA BALI EAST NUSA TENGGARA WEST NUSA TENGGARA Whirlwind, despite being the second most frequent disaster event, caused a comparatively smaller humanitarian impact than other disaster types. Legend 41 10 1 Disaster Events (April - May 2013) April 2013 104 NATURAL DISASTER FIGURES Indonesia: Province Population In million May 2013 94 Disaster events by type (Apr - May 2013) There are 198 natural disaster events 50 < 1,5 1,5 - 3,5 3,5 - 7 7 - 12 12 - 43 April period of April - May 2013. 40 Number of Casualties (April - May 2013) May 30 68 117 casualties April 2013 20 May 2013 49 Total affected population 10 0 220,051 persons Flood Flood and landslide Whirlwind Landslide Other The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations Creation date: 28 June 2013 Sources: OCHA, BPS, BMKG, BIG, www.indonesia.humanitarianresponse.info www.unocha.org www.reliefweb.int. -
Initiating Brunei Cross-Border Tourism (BCBT) As a Gateway to Borneo
International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management Volume 12 • Issue 3 • July-September 2021 Initiating Brunei Cross-Border Tourism (BCBT) as a Gateway to Borneo Yabit Alas, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Muhammad Anshari, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei & Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-6682 ABSTRACT Borneo is the third-largest island in the world, sharing three countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam. There is rarely research conducted for cross-border tourism (CBT) in Borneo. The study examines tourism development in Borneo then assesses potentials and challenges associated with Brunei-CBT as gateway to tourism in Borneo. A qualitative approach has been deployed focusing on advantages and challenges associated with Brunei as gateway for CBT in the Borneo Island. The analysis has shown that there is great potential in CBT for mobility and connectivity of people, goods, and services in Brunei-CBT’s initiative. Brunei-CBT (BCBT) will trigger Brunei’s economic shifting from an oil-based country to a service-based economy. Identified challenges mainly concern political support and willingness among participating countries, which may lead to barriers for connecting Borneo through CBT development. KeywoRdS Borneo, Brunei, Cross-Border Tourism (CBT), Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak, Tourism INTRODUCTIoN Borneo island is located at southeast of the Malay Peninsula and southwest of the Philippines. It is divided into four political regions; Kalimantan belongs to Indonesia, Sabah and Sarawak are part of Malaysia, and a remaining region comprises Brunei Darussalam (PBS, 1998). Cross border areas between three countries can contribute to economic development especially tourism industries across the borders. -
Development of a Composite Measure of Regional Sustainable Development in Indonesia
sustainability Article Development of a Composite Measure of Regional Sustainable Development in Indonesia Hania Rahma 1, Akhmad Fauzi 2,* , Bambang Juanda 2 and Bambang Widjojanto 3 1 Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; [email protected] 2 Regional and Rural Development Planning, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Law, Trisaksi University, Jakarta 10150, Indonesia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 September 2019; Accepted: 21 October 2019; Published: 22 October 2019 Abstract: Sustainable development has been the main agenda for Indonesia’s development at both the national and regional levels. Along with laws concerning the national development plan and regional development that mandate a sustainable development framework, the government has issued President Regulation No. 59/2017 on the implementation of sustainable development goals. The issuance of these recent regulatory frameworks indicates that sustainable development should be taken seriously in development processes. Nevertheless, several factors affect the achievement of sustainable development. This paper investigates how economic, social, and environmental factors could be integrated into regional sustainable development indicators using a new composite index. The index is calculated based on a simple formula that could be useful for practical implementation at the policy level. Three measures of indices are developed: arithmetic, geometric, and entropy-based. The indices are aggregated to be used for comparison purposes among regions in terms of their sustainability performance. Lessons learned are then drawn for policy analysis and several recommendations are provided to address challenges in the implementation stages. Keywords: regional sustainable development index; sustainable development; composite index; regional development goals 1. -
4. PRESENT CONDITIONS of the PRINCIPAL RIVER PORT in KALIMANTAN 4.1 Regional Development Plans 4.1.1 General (1) Kalimantan 1) T
4. PRESENT CONDITIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL RIVER PORT IN KALIMANTAN 4.1 Regional Development Plans 4.1.1 General (1) Kalimantan 1) Topography Indonesia Kalimantan occupies about three fourths of Kalimantan Island. Many rivers flow from mountain areas and run into Karimantan Strait, Jawa Sea and Makassar Strait, formulating huge lowlands. Our target ports, Ports of Pontianak, Kumai, Sampit and Samarinda, are located near estuaries of Kapuas River, Kumai River, Sampit River and Mahakam River respectively. 2) Area and Population Area and population of Kalimantan account for 547,891 km2 and 11.4 million (1999) as shown in Table 4.1.1. Population density of the three provinces is very low comparing the state average. Table 4.1.1 Area and Population in Kalimantan Population Area Annual Province 1990 1995 1999 Density (km2) Growth Rate (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) (pax/km2) 90/95 (%) West Kalimantan 146,807 3,229 3,636 3,943 2.24 26.9 Central Kalimantan 153,564 1,396 1,627 1,771 2.68 11.5 South Kalimantan 36,535 2,597 2,893 3,103 2.00 84.9 East Kalimantan 210,985 1,877 2,314 2,579 3.59 12.2 Kalimantan Total 547,891 9,099 10,470 11,396 2.53 20.8 Indonesia 1,937,179 179,379 194,755 206,517 1.58 106.6 Based on Population Censuses 1990&1995 and Projection at Intercensal Population Survey 1995 Source: Statistic Indonesia 1999, BPS 3) Transportation Network Transportation in Kalimantan has not been well developed. Trans Kalimantan Highway has been proposed to connect main cities in Kalimantan is under construction. -
Sumatera and Kalimantan Fires and Haze
Emergency Situation Report # 1 29 August 2006 Sumatera and Kalimantan Fires and Haze Background The annual forest fires have arrived again in many parts of Kalimantan and Sumatra Island, where over 7,000 hotspots have sprung up, producing choking smoke that has spilled over to neighboring Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei. It started taking place in May and the number of hotspots increased by the beginning of July 2006. According to government officials and environmentalists, forest fires in Indonesia are mostly caused by humans (community people and companies), following slash and burn methods to clear land for plantations. Currently, the number of hotspots continues to fluctuate. Type of Disaster Forest Fires and Haze. Location The forest fires are mainly concentrated in Sumatra (Riau, Jambi and South Sumatra Provinces) and Kalimantan (Central, East and West) Islands. Sumatera Island Kalimantan Island Notes: The red circles show the area where the forest and land fires are taking place. 1 Emergency Situation Report # 1 29 August 2006 Current Situation According to the media, 6,800 hectares of land in Riau Province and 10,000 hectares in Jambi Province have been burnt. In Palangkaraya, South Kalimantan Province, visibility in the city was 50 to 100 meters in the morning and only a little better in the afternoon. The visibility in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan Province, is less than 100 meters and it disturbs city traffic. The picture to the left shows haze resulting from land and forest fires in Pontianak. NOAA Satellite detected there are 544 hot spots in West Kalimantan. Impact - The smoke poses health threats and disrupts air and land transportation. -
Indonesia: Durable Solutions Needed for Protracted Idps As New Displacement Occurs in Papua
13 May 2014 INDONESIA Durable solutions needed for protracted IDPs as new displacement occurs in Papua At least three million Indonesians have been internally displaced by armed conflict, violence and human rights violations since 1998. Most displacement took place between 1998 and 2004 when Indonesia, still in the early stages of democratic transition and decentralisation, experienced a period of intense social unrest characterised by high levels of inter-commu- nal, inter-faith and separatist violence. Although the overwhelming majority of 34 families displaced since 2006 have been living in this abandoned building in Mata- Indonesia’s IDPs have long returned home at ram, West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. (Photo: Dwianto Wibowo, 2012) least 90,000 remain in protracted displacement, over a decade after the end of these conflicts. Many are unable to return due to lack of government as- sistance to recover lost rights to housing, land and property. In areas affected by inter-communal violence communities have been transformed and segregated along religious or ethnic lines. Unresolved land dis- putes are rife with former neighbours often unwilling to welcome IDPs back. IDPs who sought to locally in- tegrate in areas where they have been displaced, or who have been relocated by the government, have also struggled to rebuild their lives due to lack of access to land, secure tenure, livelihoods and basic services. Over the past ten years, new displacement has also continued in several provinces of Indonesia, although at much reduced levels. According to official government figures some 11,500 people were displaced between 2006 and 2014, including 3,000 in 2013 alone.