JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE WEST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA FOREST NO FOREST DEFORESTATION (1990-2015) LOW-EMISSION RURAL DEVELOPMENT (LED-R) AT A GLANCE DRIVERS OF Illegal logging DEFORESTATION PONTIANAK • Forest cover, including peat swamp forest and mangrove, Large-scale agriculture is 38% of West Kalimantan (WK), with 25% of the province Small-scale illegal mining Large-scale legal mining in conservation & watershed-protection areas • Indigenous peoples (IP) comprise majority of population: Large-scale illegal mining Forest fires Data sources: the Dayak (35%) occupy most inland landscapes & the Socio-economic: BPS Malays (34%) occupy coastal & riverine areas AVERAGE ANNUAL 22.1 Mt CO2 (1990-2012) Deforestation: Derived EMISSIONS FROM Includes above-ground biomass from Ministry of • Agriculture, forestry & fisheries sector contributes 20% DEFORESTATION Forestry data of provincial GDP, with a strong investment in plantation AREA 146.954 km2 crops, particularly oil palm (accounts for 53% of POPULATION 5,001,700 (2018) (2017) agricultural production) HDI 66.26 30 140 GDP USD 8.7 billion Deforestation 124 GDP • From 2011-2016, WK experienced the highest growth 120 (2017, base year 2010) 25 Average yearly deforestation (using in oil palm plantation area nationally, mostly into non- (2017) ² the FREL baseline period 1990-2012) GINI 0.327 100 IDR TRILLIONS forest areas km 20 MAIN ECONOMIC Agriculture 80 • Of the 1.53 Mha converted to industrial oil palm ACTIVITIES Trade 15 plantations between 2000-2016, 0.23 Mha (15%) were 60 Manufacturing & intact forests & 0.40 Mha (26%) were post-1973 logged other industry 10 40 forests RURAL/URBAN 67%/ 33% (2017) HUNDREDS of 5 POPULATION 20 9.2 4.0 3.5 7.5 9.8 6.3 10.0 29.7 3.6 4.6 12.5 5.2 0 0 12 13 14 15 16 17 SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION 91-96 97-00 01-03 04-06 07-09 10-11 Essential Ecosystem Areas (Kawasan Ekosistem Esensial – KEEs) with concession owners to designate part of their land as a KEE are established outside of designated State forest lands in areas of that is to be governed by a multi-stakeholder group (incentives and multiple ecosystems, endemic habitats, biological corridors, and high compensations are under discussion). Benefits to LC include fostering economic value for local/traditional livelihoods to support biodiversity cultural preservation, mitigating human-wildlife conflicts, and conservation and ecosystem functioning and reduce deforestation. developing sustainable alternative livelihoods based on non-timber WK – one of the few provinces implementing KEEs – launched it in forest products (NTFP). In support of KEEs, the WK government is 2017 as a strategy to curb deforestation/degradation, representing a currently gathering information on forest functions and developing a collaboration between provincial and district governments, private single land use/tenure map and good governance practices. Remaining sector (concession holders) and local communities (LC). Currently challenges include ensuring effective multi-level and multi-stakeholder being piloted in the Kubu Raya, Kayong Utara, and Ketapang districts, coordination, and uncertainty about success of incentives encouraging KEEs provide opportunities to resolve land use conflicts by working concession companies to set land aside. TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT EVENTS Consortium of Dayak Peoples’ Empowerment & Under the drier conditions of El Nino, out of control WK Indigenous Peoples’ Alliance (AMAN) founded fires (initially set to clear land) and resulting haze led to environmental, economic & health impacts; Kapuas Hulu Regency designated as Conservation Pancur Kasih Dayakology Institute 33% of burned area was peatland Social Work established to District in response to illegal logging Forest Area with Special Purposes (KHDTK) created Foundation improve Dayak Presidential decree ceased export of in Landak Regency to support research & training founded livelihoods illegally logged timber to Malaysia to improve Green Growth Plan (GGP) established conditions for Joined Governor’s WK Forest Reference Emission Level the Dayak Climate & Forest Task (FREL) aligned with national FREL Force (GCF) WK FREL formalized 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 2020 2030 PLEDGES & COMMITMENTS Provincial REDD+ Strategy & Action Plan (SRAP REDD+)1 1 Reduce land-based GHG emissions ◆ Part of international 60% below BAU (updating the 2013 Regional Action Plan on GHG agreement or forum SRAP-REDD+). 2 Reduce emissions from Emissions Reduction (RAD-GRK)2 forestry & peatlands 58% below BAU; JURISDICTIONAL Reduce emissions from agriculture & Rio Branco Declaration3 ◆ ranching 98% below BAU. 3 Reduce deforestation 80% below baseline. New York Declaration on Forests4 ◆ 4 End deforestation. 5 Contribute to national goal: Reduce emissions 29% (unconditional) to 41% (conditional on Nationally Determined Contribution NATIONAL international support) below BAU. (NDC) to UNFCCC5 ◆ KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES BILATERAL 1 1 Forest & climate change program (FORCLIME) BILATERAL PUBLIC PUBLIC National & local PROVINCIAL PROVINCIAL governments, LC PUBLIC2 PUBLIC3 Promote sustainable forest management, reduce GHG emissions & improve rural LC livelihoods NATIONAL PUBLIC4 DISTRICT PROVINCIAL PUBLIC2 PUBLIC5 Green Growth Plan (GGP) West Kalimantan Provincial & district DISTRICT PUBLIC5 PRIVATE NATIONAL PRIVATE6 FOR PROFIT6 governments, private INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL sector, LC & IP 7 Increase economic growth & ecosystem protection; improve livelihoods NON-PROFIT7 NON-PROFIT NATIONALPUBLIC9 Community-Focused Investments to Address Deforestation LC in & around 5 FMUs in PROVINCIAL PUBLIC3 & Forest Degradation (CFI-ADD+) Kapuas Hulu & Sintang MULTILATERAL 10 8 DISTRICT PUBLIC districts; National, OTHER PRIVATE FOR Build institutions, local capacity & partnerships to strengthen forest provincial, & local 11 PROFIT management units (FMU); improve REDD+ implementation governments BILATERAL Low-Carbon Forest Investment Strategy (part of SRAP REDD+) BILATERAL PUBLIC12 National & Provincial PUBLIC12 PROVINCIAL Provide legal basis for provincial results-based payments and governments, LC 13 PUBLIC development of low-carbon economy 1 GIZ through KfW. 2 WK Revenue & Expenditure Budget (APBD). 3 WK provincial government. 4 State Income & Expenditure Budget (APBN). 5 District government. 6 Bumitama Agri Ltd. 7 Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH); 8 Asian Development Bank (ADB) via Forest Investment Program (FIP) under the Strategic Climate Fund of the Climate Investment Funds. 9 Forest Investment Program steering committee: Ministry of Environment & Forestry (MOEF), Presidential Delivery Unit for REDD+ (UKP4), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas), National Council on Climate Change. 10 Kapuas Hulu & Sintang district governments. 11 PT Hatfield Indonesia. 12 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). 13 WK Offices for Environment & Forestry, Agriculture & Plantations PROGRESS TO JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES Integrated LED-R • SRAP REDD+, strengthened by GGP, is being mainstreamed into WK’s Medium-Term Development Plan Strategy 2019-2023 (RPJMD) • Low technical capacity in provincial • WK Spatial Plan 2014-2034 (RTRWP) integrates sustainability principles & GGP government agencies leads to sub- Spatial plan • RTRWP pursues integrated, sustainable & equitable development & protects high conservation value (HCV) optimal governance & enforcement & conservation areas (e.g., Heart of Borneo & Betung Kerihun National Park), but does not acknowledge • Coordination between national & customary land rights sub-national government agencies • Approved National One Map initiative aims to address land use conflicts & forestry management needs to clearly define roles in land-use Performance • SRAP REDD+ elaborates on RAD-GRK & WK FREL to set actions & targets for reducing emissions decisions • RPJMD & GGP include some international commitments (e.g., NDC, SDGs) but progress is limited targets • Weak enforcement of RTRWP & forestry Monitoring, • WK govt measured GHG emissions from deforestation & forest degradation from 2012-2016 management laws land use does not reporting & • WK has technical guidelines for measuring forest & non-forest carbon reserves, with plans to create a web- always align with regulations based MRV system in 2019 verification (MRV) • Prioritization of large companies/ Policies & • Various provincial policies & regulations incentivize sustainable landscapes (e.g., KEE) & reward emission plantations interests over IP/LC incentives reductions regarding land use & rights continues • GGP strengthens FMUs, spatial planning, & land titling; establishes partnerships with private sector for to result in conflicts sustainable value chains (e.g., with IDH); & engages LC & farmers Multi-stakeholder • The Joint Secretariat (SekBer) improves coordination between WK govt, private sector, & NGOs on forest OPPORTUNITIES governance management (e.g. overlapping land claims, plantations) & advises on policy development • Implementation of GGP can • SRAP REDD+ Task Force includes private sector, LC, IP, govt, academic & NGO stakeholders support LED-R (e.g., private sector Sustainable • Initiatives such as KHDTK & KEE offer alternative livelihoods for LC based on NTFPs commitments supporting WK’s targets commodity • In 2018, WK’s 1st biomass power plant began operating