DOCSLIB.ORG

Dd Pustovrh Gasper.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dd Pustovrh Gasper.Pdf UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA Gašper PUSTOVRH MOLEKULARNA FILOGENIJA IN POPULACIJSKO GENETSKA STRUKTURA MARMORIRANE POSTRVI (Salmo marmoratus) V SLOVENIJI DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA Ljubljana, 2013 UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI BIOTEHNIŠKA FAKULTETA Gašper PUSTOVRH MOLEKULARNA FILOGENIJA IN POPULACIJSKO GENETSKA STRUKTURA MARMORIRANE POSTRVI (Salmo marmoratus) V SLOVENIJI DOKTORSKA DISERTACIJA MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF MARBLE TROUT (Salmo marmoratus) IN SLOVENIA DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Ljubljana, 2013 Pustovrh G. Molekularna filogenija in populacijsko genetska struktura marmorirane postrvi v Sloveniji. Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2013 Na podlagi Statuta Univerze v Ljubljani ter po sklepu Senata Biotehniške fakultete in Senata Univerze z dne 27. september 2010, je bilo potrjeno, da kandidat izpolnjuje pogoje za neposreden prehod na doktorski študij bioloških in biotehniških znanosti ter opravljanje doktorata iz področja genetike. Za mentorico je bila imenovana doc. dr. Simona Sušnik Bajec in somentorja dr. Aleš Snoj viš. znan. sod. Komisija za oceno in zagovor: Predsednik: doc. dr. Jernej JAKŠE Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za agronomijo Član: doc. dr. Simona SUŠNIK BAJEC Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniko Član: dr. Aleš SNOJ, viš. znan. sod. Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniko Član: doc. dr. Elena VARLJEN BUŽAN Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Oddelek za biodiverziteto Datum zagovora: 16.05.2013 Naloga je rezultat lastnega raziskovalnega dela. Gašper Pustovrh II Pustovrh G. Molekularna filogenija in populacijsko genetska struktura marmorirane postrvi v Sloveniji. Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2013 KLJUČNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA INFORMACIJA ŠD Dd DK UDK 597.2/.5:575.8(043.3)=163.6 KG filogenija/filogeografija/populacijska genetika/ribe/rod Salmo/marmorirana postrv/Salmo marmoratus KK AGRIS L10/8100 AV PUSTOVRH, Gašper, dr. vet. med. SA SUŠNIK BAJEC, Simona (mentorica) / SNOJ, Aleš (somentor) KZ Sl-1230 Domžale, Groblje3 ZA Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Podiplomski študij bioloških in biotehniških znanosti, področje genetike LI 2013 IN MOLEKULARNA FILOGENIJA IN POPULACIJSKO GENETSKA STRUKTURA MARMORIRANE POSTRVI (Salmo marmoratus) V SLOVENIJI TD Doktorska disertacija OP XIV, 106, 8 pregl., 27 sl., 4 pril., 197 vir. IJ sl JI sl/en AI Osnovni namen opravljene raziskave je bil podati evolucijsko zgodovino ter razrešiti populacijsko genetske odnose marmorirane postrvi v Sloveniji. Raziskavo smo razdelili v dva sklopa. (i) V prvem sklopu smo skušali določiti filogenetske odnose znotraj rodu Salmo, pri čemer se zaradi celostnega pogleda nismo osredotočili zgolj na marmorirano postrv, ampak tudi na ostale vrste, linije oz. populacije rodu. S statističnimi programi MrBayes, Garli in BEAST smo na osnovi 22 nukleotidnih zaporedij nepovezanih lokusov ugotovili, da je rod Salmo sestavljen iz petih vrst: atlantski losos (Salmo salar), belvica (Salmo ohridanus), potočna postrv (Salmo trutta), marmorirana postrv (Salmo marmoratus) in mehkoustna postrv (Salmo obtusirostris). Pri tem je marmorirana postrv najbolj sorodna potočni postrvi in je sestavljena iz dveh skupin, ki predstavljata južne in severne populacije. (ii) V drugem sklopu smo proučevali populacijsko genetsko strukturo marmorirane postrvi. V Sloveniji je znanih osem genetsko čistih populacij marmorirane postrvi, ter številne populacije, ki so sestavljene iz različnega deleža marmorirane ter potočne postrvi (cona križanja). S postavitvijo genotipizacijskega sistema 36 SNP označevalcev, ki ločujejo marmorirano od potočne postrvi AT in DA filogenetske linije, smo pri analizi cone križanja ugotovili, da je delež genoma marmorirane postrvi in genetsko čistih marmoriranih postrvi tu relativno visok, pri nekaterih populacijah pa marmorirane postrvi v populaciji celo prevladujejo. Ker je osem genetsko čistih populacij popolnoma izoliranih ter se tako genetsko kot tudi fenotipsko med seboj razlikujejo, smo v jedrnem genomu poiskali SNP-je, ki so zanje variabilni in omenjene populacije analizirali. Ugotovili smo, da so si fenotipsko podobne populacije idrijskega na eni strani in soškega porečja na drugi strani, tudi genetsko sorodne. Da bi lahko pojasnili razlike v fenotipu, smo preverili hipotezo o možnem prehodu potočne postrvi iz sosednjega donavskega v jadransko porečje. Pri analizi populacij križanja v vzhodnem delu idrijskega porečja smo ugotovili povečano prisotnost donavske filogenetske linije, kar bi lahko potrdilo postavljeno hipotezo in pojasnilo značilen idrijski fenotip. III Pustovrh G. Molekularna filogenija in populacijsko genetska struktura marmorirane postrvi v Sloveniji. Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2013 KEY WORDS DOCUMENTATION DN Dd DC UDC 597.2/.5:575.8(043.3)=163.6 CX phylogeny/filogeography/population genetics/fish/genus Salmo/marble trout/Salmo marmoratus CC AGRIS L10/8100 AU PUSTOVRH, Gašper AA SUŠNIK BAJEC, Simona (supervisor) / SNOJ, Aleš (supervisor) PP SI-1230 Domžale, Groblje3 PB University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Postgraduate Study of Biological and Biotechnical Science, Field: Genetics PY 2013 TI MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF MARBLE TROUT (Salmo marmoratus) IN SLOVENIA DT Doctoral Dissertation NO XIV, 106 p., 8 tab., 27 fig., 4 ann., 197 ref. LA sl AL sl/en AB The main purpose of the research was to resolve evolutionary history and population genetic structure of marble trout in Slovenia. The research was carried out in two parts. (i) In the first part we tried to determine the phylogenetic relationships within the Salmo genus, concentrating not only on the marble trout, but also on other species, lineages and populations in the genus. Based on 22 sequences of uncorrelated loci and using statistical programs such as MrBayes, Garli and BEAST we concluded that the genus Salmo consists of five species: atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), ohrid trout (Salmo ohridanus), brown trout (Salmo trutta), marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) and softmouth trout (Salmo obtusirostris). In the genus, marble trout is closely related to brown trout and is composed of two groups, representing the northern and southern populations. (ii) In the second part we tried to determine the genetic structure of marble trout populations. In Slovenia, there are eight genetically pure populations of marble trout and several populations that are composed of different percentage of marble and brown trout genes (hybridization zone). Using genotyping system based on 36 SNP markers that can separate marble from brown trout of AT and DA phylogenetic lineage, we tested populations found in hybridization zone. We estimated that the proportion of marble trout genome and number of genetically pure marble trout in the hybridization zone is relatively high and that marble trout in some populations is dominating. Obviously, eight genetically pure populations are not communicating and are genetically and phenotypically different. We compared different parts of nuclear genome and found five SNPs that we used to test the eight populations. We found that phenotypically connected populations of Idrijca river basin on one hand and the Soča river basin on the other hand, are also genetically related. In order to explain the differences in phenotype, we tested the hypothesis of a possible ancient migration of brown trout from the neighboring Danube to the Adriatic basin. In the analysis of hybrid populations of the eastern part of the Idrija basin, we found an increased presence of the DA phylogenetic lineage, which tends to prove the hypothesis and explains Idrijca basin characteristic marble trout phenotype. IV Pustovrh G. Molekularna filogenija in populacijsko genetska struktura marmorirane postrvi v Sloveniji. Dokt. disertacija. Ljubljana, Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, 2013 KAZALO VSEBINE str. Ključna dokumentacijska informacija (KDI) ....................................................................... III Key words documentation (KDW) ..................................................................................... IV Kazalo preglednic ................................................................................................................ IX Kazalo slik ............................................................................................................................. X Kazalo prilog ..................................................................................................................... XIII Okrajšave in simboli ..........................................................................................................XIV 1 UVOD ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 NAMEN DELA .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 HIPOTEZE ................................................................................................................. 3 2 PREGLED OBJAV ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1 MARMORIRANA POSTRV ..................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Telesne značilnosti ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spawning Behaviour and the Softmouth Trout Dilemma
    Arch. Pol. Fish. (2014) 22: 159-165 DOI 10.2478/aopf-2014-0016 RESEARCH ARTICLE Spawning behaviour and the softmouth trout dilemma Manu Esteve, Deborah Ann McLennan, John Andrew Zablocki, Gašper Pustovrh, Ignacio Doadrio Received – 05 November 2013/Accepted – 26 February 2014. Published online: 30 June 2014; ©Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Poland Citation: Esteve M., McLennan D.A., Zablocki J.A., Pustovrh G., Doadrio I. 2014 – Spawning behaviour and the softmouth trout dilemma – Arch. Pol. Fish. 22: 159-165. Abstract. Morphological, ecological and molecular data sets nest digging behaviour-widespread in all the salmonines, do not completely agree on the phylogenetic placement of the including softmouths, they seem to be mal-adaptive. softmouth trout, Salmo (Salmothymus) obtusirostris (Heckel). Molecules posit that softmouths are closely related to brown Keywords: phylogeny, spawning behavior, underwater trout, Salmo trutta L. while some morphological, ecological video and life history traits place them in the most basal position of the Salmoninae subfamily between grayling (Thymallus) and lenok (Brachymystax). Here we add an additional source of data, behavioural characters based on the first reported Introduction observations of softmouth spawning. During spawning softmouth females present three important behaviours not The softmouth trout, also known as the Adriatic found in the other Salmo members: they continually abandon trout, Salmo (Salmothymus) obtusirostris (Heckel), is their nests, rarely staying on them for periods over nine a cold freshwater salmonid found naturally in only minutes; they expel different batches of eggs at the same nest five river drainages of the Adriatic Sea: the Vrljika, at intervals of several minutes; and they do not cover their eggs immediately after spawning.
    [Show full text]
  • Baseline Assessment of the Lake Ohrid Region - Albania
    TOWARDS STRENGTHENED GOVERNANCE OF THE SHARED TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE LAKE OHRID REGION Baseline Assessment of the Lake Ohrid region - Albania IUCN – ICOMOS joint draft report January 2016 Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................... i A. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1 B. The study area ........................................................................................................................................... 5 B.1 The physical environment ............................................................................................................. 5 B.2 The biotic environment ................................................................................................................. 7 B.3 Cultural Settings ............................................................................................................................ 0 C. Heritage values and resources/ attributes ................................................................................................ 6 C.1 Natural heritage values and resources ......................................................................................... 6 C.2 Cultural heritage values and resources....................................................................................... 12 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetika 2006
    GENETIKA 2006 September, 28th – October, 1st, 2006 Biološko središče, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 4th Congress of Slovenian Genetic Society and 2nd Meeting of The Slovenian Society of Human Genetics with International Participation IV. Kongres Slovenskega genetskega društva in II. srečanje Slovenskega društva za humano genetiko z mednarodno udeležbo Genetika 2006 4th Congress of Slovenian Genetic Society and 2nd meeting of The Slovenian Society of Human Genetics with inter- national participation / IV. Kongres Slovenskega genetskega društva in II. srečanje Slovenskega društva za humano genetiko, z mednarodno udeležbo Edited by / Uredili: Metka Filipič in Irena Zajc Editorial Board / Uredniški odbor: Branka Javornik, Metka Filipič, Gregor Anderluh, Milena Kovač, Peter Dovč, Irena Mlinarič Raščan, Damjan Glavač, Uroš Potočnik, Nadja Kokalj Vokač, Darja Žgur Bertok, Metka Ravnik Glavač Design & Layout / Oblikovanje & Prelom: Jure Filipič Printed by / Tisk: Birotisk d.o.o., Ljubljana Number of copies / Naklada 250 Published by / Izdal: Slovensko Genetsko Društvo, Ljubljana, September 2006 The contents and language of the abstracts is responsibility of the authors. / Za vsebino in jezik povzetkov odgovarjajo avtorji. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 575(063) SLOVENSKO genetsko društvo. Kongres (4 ; 2006 ; Ljubljana) Book of abstract = Knjiga povzetkov / 4th Congress of Slovenian Genetic Society and 2nd Meeting of the Slovenian Society of Human Genetics with International Participation = IV. kongres Slovenskega genetskega društva in II. srečanje Slovenskega društva za humano genetiko, z mednarodno udeležbo ; [edited by Metka Filipič in Irena Zajc]. - Ljubljana : Slovensko genetsko društvo, 2006 ISBN-10 961-90534-4-3 ISBN-13 978-961-90534-4-7 1. Filipič, Metka, 1954- 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Salmo Australzs, a New Species of Fossil Salmonid from Southwestern Mexico
    CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN VOL. 26, NO. 1, p. 1-17 (1 1 text-figs.) December 21, 1982 SALMO AUSTRALZS, A NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL SALMONID FROM SOUTHWESTERN MEXICO BY TED M. CAVENDER AND ROBERT RUSH MILLER MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF PALEONTOLOGY Philip D. Gingerich, Director Gerald R. Smith, Editor This series of contributions from the Museum of Paleontology is a medium for the publication of papers based chiefly upon the collection in the Museum. When the number of pages issued is sufficient to make a volume, a title page and a table of contents will be sent to libraries on the mailing list, and to individuals upon request. A list of the separate papers may also be obtained. Correspondence should be directed to the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109. VOLS. 11-XXVI. Parts of volumes may be obtained if available. Price lists available upon inquiry. SALMO AUSTRALIS, A NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL SALMONID FROM SOUTHWESTERN MEXICO BY TED M. CAVENDER1 AND ROBERT RUSH MILLER2 Abstract.-A new species of salmonid fish is described from an unconsolidated sand deposit close to the present shoreline of Lake Chapala at Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico. Because of the superficial nature of the deposit the age of the fossil is believed to be Pleistocene. Additional salmonid remains from the lake bottom at Ajijic are associated with Pleistocene mammalian fossils. Osteological details of the fossil cranium indicate the new species is related to Western North American representatives of the genus Salmo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Reserch on Endemic Soft-Muzzled Trout (Salmo Obtusirostris)
    The reserch on endemic soft-muzzled trout (Salmo obtusirostris) Dr.sc. Tea Tomljanović Universitiy of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology the softmouth trout is endemic to the Adriatic river system of the western Balkans first described from the Rivers Zrmanja, Jadro and Vrljika as Salar obtusirostris (Heckel, 1851) the Balkan Peninsula has never been seriously affected by the Pleistocene glaciations and the climate impact on the living world survival was consequently low or null for this reason, it served as one of major refuges for diverse flora and fauna of central and northern Europe during the ice age this region still exhibits an extraordinary level of biodiversity constituted by both, incipient residents and fugitive newcomers the Adriatic river system, comprising the south-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, is extremely reach in fish fauna that includes genera with numerous important unresolved taxonomic problems, many endemic subspecies and species with little information on distribution and conservation one of the most enigmatic fish species inhabiting the Adriatic river system seems to be the softmouth trout or soft-muzzled trout (Salmo (Salmothymus) obtusirostris Heckel, 1851) it is endemic only to few rivers of Balkan middle and southern part due to its extraordinary appearance, which makes it much different from other Salmo members, the softmouth trout was placed in a separate genus Salmothymus morphological differences characteristic for different
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropogenic Influence and Conservation Status of Autochthonous Fish Fauna from Lake Ohrid
    Anthropogenic Influence and Conservation Status of Autochthonous Fish Fauna from Lake Ohrid Trajce Talevski, Hydrobiological Institute, Naum Ohridski, 50, 6000 Ohrid, R.Macedonia, email: [email protected] Dragana Milosevic, Department of biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Podgorica. Montenegro email: [email protected] Aleksandra Talevska, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Institute for biology, University St. Kiril and Metodij, Skopje, R.Macedonia email: [email protected] Abstract Lake Ohrid is transboundary lake between R.Macedonia and R.Albania. It is the deepest lake of the Balkan, with a maximum depth of 297 and a mean depth of 155 m. Lake Ohrid is special as such, by far the most spectacular quality is its impressive endemism from cyprinid and salmonid fish. This paper is result of long-term researches of ichthyofauna from Lake Ohrid. The materials for researches were collected by day and nighttime’s experimental fishing with various fishing gill net. Conservation status of autochthonous fish fauna from Lake Ohrid was determinate according to IUCN (2001) and Kotellat and Freyhof (2007). Key words: anthropogenic influence, autochthonous fish fauna, conservation status, Lake Ohrid Intoduction IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List), founded in 1948, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species. The IUCN Red List is set upon precise criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcodes De Peixes Marinhos Da Europa: Compilação De Uma Biblioteca De Referência Validada E Investigação De Padrões De Divergência Genética
    Universidade do Minho Escola de Ciências Luís Manuel Coelho Oliveira Luís Manuel Coelho Oliveira UMinho | 2015 Outubro de 2015 Luís Manuel Coelho Oliveira DNA barcodes de peixes marinhos da Europa: compilação de uma biblioteca de referência validada e investigação de padrões de divergência genética Dissertação de Mestrado Mestrado em Ecologia Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Filipe José Oliveira Costa E sob a coorientação do Professor Doutor Pedro Soares Outubro de 2015 DECLARAÇÃO Nome: Luís Manuel Coelho Oliveira Endereço eletrónico: [email protected] Telefone: 918823832 Cartão do Cidadão: 13858442 Título da dissertação: DNA barcodes de peixes marinhos da Europa: compilação de uma biblioteca de referência validada e investigação de padrões de divergência genética Orientador: Professor Doutor Filipe José Oliveira Costa Coorientador: Professor Doutor Pedro Soares Ano de conclusão: 2015 Designação do Mestrado: Mestrado em Ecologia DE ACORDO COM A LEGISLAÇÃO EM VIGOR, NÃO É PERMITIDA A REPRODUÇÃO DE QUALQUER PARTE DESTA DISSERTAÇÃO Universidade do Minho, _____/_____/_________ Assinatura: ____________________________________________________ ii AGRADECIMENTOS Um agradecimento em particular ao orientar, Doutot Filipe Costa, pela oportunidade de me deixar fazer um trabalho nesta área que me despertou interesse desde cedo no mestrado. Agradeço também pela paciência, até ao último minuto e pela disponibilidade e apoio que foi transmitindo ao longo deste trabalho. Ao meu coorientado, Doutor Pedro Soares por ajudar com aquilo que tinha mais dificuldades e me sentia perdido e por ter apoiado as decisões tomadas neste trabalho. À Doutora Monica Landi, sempre disponível para ajudar, mesmo quando não lhe era possível. Um especial agradecimento ao Jorge Lobo e à Cláudia Hollatz, pelo companheirismo no laboratório e acima de tudo pela ajuda que prestaram, mesmo não estando envolvidos no trabalho.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Salmo of the Western Balkans, Based Upon Multiple Nuclear Loci Gašper Pustovrh, Aleš Snoj and Simona Sušnik Bajec*
    Pustovrh et al. Genetics Selection Evolution 2014, 46:7 Genetics http://www.gsejournal.org/content/46/1/7 Selection Evolution RESEARCH Open Access Molecular phylogeny of Salmo of the western Balkans, based upon multiple nuclear loci Gašper Pustovrh, Aleš Snoj and Simona Sušnik Bajec* A correction to this article has been published: Genetics Selection Evolution 2014, 46:21 Abstract Background: Classification of species within the genus Salmo is still a matter of discussion due to their high level of diversity and to the low power of resolution of mitochondrial (mt)DNA-based phylogeny analyses that have been traditionally used in evolutionary studies of the genus. We apply a new marker system based on nuclear (n)DNA loci to present a novel view of the phylogeny of Salmo representatives and we compare it with the mtDNA-based phylogeny. Methods: Twenty-two nDNA loci were sequenced for 76 individuals of the brown trout complex: Salmo trutta (Danubian, Atlantic, Adriatic, Mediterranean and Duero mtDNA lineages), Salmo marmoratus (marble trout), Salmo obtusirostris (softmouth trout), and Salmo ohridanus (Ohrid belvica or belushka). Sequences were phylogenetically analyzed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. The divergencetimeofthemajorclades was estimated using the program BEAST. Results: The existence of five genetic units i.e. S. salar, S. ohridanus, S. obtusirostris, S. marmoratus and the S. trutta complex, including its major phylogenetic lineages was confirmed. Contrary to previous observations, S. obtusirostris was foundtobesistertotheS. trutta complex and the S. marmoratus clade rather than to the S. ohridanus clade. Reticulate evolution of S. obtusirostris was confirmed and a time for its pre-glacial origin suggested.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.) and Brown Trout (S
    © Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, 2008 Hybridization of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (S. trutta L.) A.A. Makhrov Makhrov, A.A. 2008. Hybridization of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (S. trutta L.). Zoosystematica Rossica, 17(2): 129-143. Hybrids between the Atlantic salmon and brown trout can be identifi ed on the basis of genes coding for several protein and DNA markers. Hybrids are found in all regions where the Atlantic salmon and brown trout are sympatric. The main causes of the hybridization are the sneaking of mature male parr, escape and release of cultivated fi shes, unstable river discharges, and overfi shing. In numerous experimental crosses, the survival of F1 hybrids varies from zero (a complete loss) to normal. Post-F1 hybridization sometimes results in gynogenesis, hybridogenesis and introgression. The role of hybridization in the evolution of Salmo is discussed. A.A. Makhrov, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkin str. 3, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia. e-mail: [email protected] Introduction on natural and artifi cial hybridization between these species. Interspecifi c hybrids are interesting in terms of evolutionary genetics as well as conservation Methods of hybrid identifi cation genetics. Hybridization is an important factor of evolution: many animal species have originated Life history characters through distant hybridization (reviews: Sere- brovskiy, 1935; Dowling & Secor, 1997; Barton, “Typical” Atlantic salmon spawners are large 2001; Arnold & Burke, 2005; Mallet, 2007). anadromous fi sh. Anadromous brown trout (sea However, the environmental impact of human ac- trout) do not travel so far to the sea and may visit tivities may also promote hybridization (reviews: freshwaters without spawning.
    [Show full text]
  • Anadromy, Potamodromy and Residency in Brown Trout Salmo Trutta: the Role of Genes and the Environment
    Received: 13 March 2019 Accepted: 9 May 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14005 REVIEW PAPER FISH Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment Andrew Ferguson1 | Thomas E. Reed2 | Tom F. Cross2 | Philip McGinnity2 | Paulo A. Prodöhl1 1School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK Abstract 2School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Brown trout Salmo trutta is endemic to Europe, western Asia and north-western Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Africa; it is a prominent member of freshwater and coastal marine fish faunas. The Ireland species shows two resident (river-resident, lake-resident) and three main facultative Correspondence migratory life histories (downstream–upstream within a river system, fluvial–adfluvial Paulo Prodöhl, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, potamodromous; to and from a lake, lacustrine–adfluvial (inlet) or allacustrine (outlet) ’ Queen s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, potamodromous; to and from the sea, anadromous). River-residency v. migration is a Nothern Ireland, UK. Email: [email protected] balance between enhanced feeding and thus growth advantages of migration to a particular habitat v. the costs of potentially greater mortality and energy expenditure. Funding information T.E.R. was funded by an ERC Starting Grant Fluvial–adfluvial migration usually has less feeding improvement, but less mortality (639192-ALH) and an SFI ERC Support Award. risk, than lacustrine–adfluvial or allacustrine and anadromous, but the latter vary P.McG., P.A.P. and T.E.R. were supported in part by Grants from Science Foundation among catchments as to which is favoured.
    [Show full text]
  • Anadromy, Potamodromy and Residency in Brown Trout Salmo Trutta: the Role of Genes and the Environment
    Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment Ferguson, A., Reed, T. E., Cross, T. F., McGinnity, P., & Prodohl, P. A. (2019). Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment. Journal of Fish Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14005 Published in: Journal of Fish Biology Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2019 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:30. Sep. 2021 Received: 13 March 2019 Accepted: 9 May 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14005 REVIEW PAPER FISH Anadromy, potamodromy and residency in brown trout Salmo trutta: the role of genes and the environment Andrew Ferguson1 | Thomas E.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolucijska Istorija Kompleksa Potočne Pastrmke Salmo Trutta L
    Univerzitet u Beogradu Biološki fakultet mr Saša P. Marić Evolucijska istorija kompleksa potočne pastrmke Salmo trutta L. 1758 na području Republike Srbije i značaj za ribarstvo Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2005. Univerzitet u Beogradu Biološki fakultet mr Saša P. Marić Evolucijska istorija kompleksa potočne pastrmke Salmo trutta L. 1758 na području Republike Srbije i značaj za ribarstvo Mentor: dr Predrag Simonović – vanredni profesor Biološki fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu Članovi komisije: dr Jelka Crnobrnja - Isailović – naučni saradnik Institut za biološka istraživanja «Siniša Stanković» Beograd dr Aleš Snoj – naučni saradnik Biotehnički fakultet Univerzitet u Ljubljani Datum odbrane: Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2005. III Zahvalnica Zahvalnica Zahvaljujem se svima koji su mi na bilo koji način olakšali rad na izradi disertacije i koji su svojim zalaganjem i nesebičnošću doprineli da ona ugleda svetlost dana. Srdačno se zahvaljujem mentoru i članovima Komisije na korektnom i profesionalnom odnosu punom razumevanja. Zahvaljujem se mentoru Prof. dr Predragu Simonoviću, koji mi je, osim istina iz ove nauke, pokazao da se autoritet i poštovanje stiču jedino znanjem i korektnim odnosom prema kandidatu. Posebno se zahvaljujem za ukazano poverenje i neograničenu slobodu. Zahvaljujem se dr Alešu Snoju koji je rukovodio laboratorijskim radom i koji me je upoznao sa metodama molekularne genetike. Posebno mu se zahvaljujem na posvećenom vremenu, izuzetnom stpljenju, ukazanom poverenju, ustupljenoj literaturi, savetima, kao i odnosu za koji sigurno mogu reći da prevazilazi granice profesionalnog. Takođe se zahvaljujem dr Jelki Crnobrnji – Isailović koja mi je izašla u susret kada je to bilo neophodno, i u najkraćem roku pregledala disertaciju dajući veoma korisne sugestije. Zahvaljujem se Nenadu Sekuliću iz Zavoda za zaštitu prirode Srbije na ustupljenom materijalu sa područja Kosova i Metohije, kao i kolegama Prof.
    [Show full text]