. Libya Weekly

Operational Preview

April 18, 2021

Prepared by:

Risk Analysis Team, Libya

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Table of Contents

Outlook ...... 3 Short Term Outlook ...... 3 Medium to Long Term Outlook ...... 3 Executive Summary ...... 3 Political Developments ...... 3 Military Developments ...... 4 Security Developments ...... 4 Coronavirus ...... 4 Travel Developments ...... 5 Oil & Gas ...... 5 International Security Developments ...... 5 Threat Matrix ...... 5 Key Dates ...... 6 Assessment ...... 6 Political Developments ...... 6 Security Developments ...... 6 Regional Assessment ...... 7 Tripolitania Region ...... 7 Region ...... 8 Fezzan Region ...... 9 Acronym List ...... 11 GardaWorld ...... 12 Information Services ...... 12 Global Leader in Comprehensive Security and Risk Management...... 12

This is an abridged version of the GardaWorld Weekly Libya .Xplored report. To subscribe to our full report or to request a quote for security services in Libya please contact Nicholas Bennett, Regional Director, Libya.

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Outlook

Short Term Outlook

▪ The political landscape in Libya continues to evolve at a pace. The new Presidential Council (PC) is driving forward, keen to realign international stakeholders and promote domestic reconciliation and reconstruction. The formation of the Government of National Unity (GNU) is another major milestone in the country’s progress back to stability, but both the GNU and PC face a number of challenges in the coming months as the country prepares to move to elections in December. ▪ While the political environment is seeing significant movement, the military situation remains stagnant. The Sirte to Jufra frontline remains in situ, as do foreign fighters. The situation is calm, although there remains the potential for isolated incidents in response to political developments. The 5+5 Joint Military Commission continues its work, but it is unclear how much progress can be expected this year with the GNU restricted in how much it can meaningfully shape the security track. ▪ COVID-19 continues to affect Libya and travel in and out through Turkey and Tunisia although, at present, PCR testing is helping to keep travel corridors open. The country is expected to begin its delayed vaccination program and despite localized lockdowns and curfews, coronavirus continues to have little effect on normal daily life. ▪ Crime (including carjacking's, armed robberies, murders, and kidnappings) remains common in many areas of the country with perpetrators exploiting local gaps in security to carry out attacks. Crime reporting remains high across all regions.

Medium to Long Term Outlook

▪ The successful implementation of the new PC and GNU are notable achievements, putting Libya back on a path to unity, but many threats to this progress remain. In many respects, the GNU is being seen as a relatively weak body, but this could work in Libya’s favour, leaving the prime minister room to continue driving the process forward as he builds a broad support base across the various factions. The country is gearing up for elections in December 2021, an ambitious timeframe that will need various foundations to be laid in the months ahead by the new government. ▪ Islamic State continues to suffer attrition in Libya and remains mostly dormant from an operational perspective. However, political fragility will continue to present conditions in which the group could begin to reconstitute some of its capability, and it retains a presence in the country. Increasing political unity could prove a motivating factor for the group to try and destabilise Libya as it moves towards scheduled elections in December. Other terrorist factions also remain active with some representing a kidnap threat, especially in more remote areas, while some have exploited the last conflict with the LNA to embed themselves within security forces in . Executive Summary

Political Developments

▪ Prime Minister (GNU) Abdulhamid Dbeibah conducted two significant official visits this week. On April 12, he travelled to Ankara along with a delegation of 15, where he was met by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Three days later, he travelled to Moscow with a smaller delegation for meetings with the foreign minister, defence minister, and prime minister. ▪ Greek – Libya relations have continued to progress this week. President of the PC and previous ambassador to Athens, Mohammed Menfi, made his first trip back to the country after he was

expelled over the Turkish maritime deal. The Greek Foreign Minister, Nikos Dendias, has also maintained his intensified level of engagement with Libya with a visit to Libyan Deputy Prime

Minister, Hussein Ateya in and Speaker of the HoR, Aquila Saleh in Qubbah.

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▪ The HoR called for a session to be held at its Tobruk headquarters on April 19 to discuss the draft 2021 budget law. The Planning, Finance, and Budget Committee is expected to submit its report on the draft budget law before the session. ▪ The HoR is moving towards reunification after the First Deputy of the HoR in Tobruk, Fawzi Al- Nuwairi, officially took over the HoR HQ in Tripoli after a handover with the Speaker of the HoR Tripoli, Hammouda Siyala. ▪ Four members of the CBL Board of Directors issued a letter describing the recent decision by the chairman of the CBL to form a new management committee led by Mohamed Ali al-Darrat, from the National Front Party, for the Libyan Foreign Bank as illegal. The development threatens a new rift within the bank as unification efforts are underway. ▪ The UN unanimously passed a resolution on April 16 calling for all foreign forces and mercenaries to leave Libya and has green-lighted a UN team to monitor the October ceasefire. In a second vote, measures relating to the illicit export of petroleum were also renewed to July 30, 2022.

Military Developments

▪ Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar, commander of the LNA, met with a tribal delegation from Zintan in Benghazi. The delegation reiterated its full support for the LNA’s “war on terror”. ▪ The Volcano of Rage Operations Room undertook military training by Turkish forces this week. The training comes “within the framework of the military cooperation agreement concluded between the two countries,” after the deal signed by the GNA. ▪ “Leaked documents” allegedly show that there are 11,609 Turkish-backed Syrian mercenaries currently in Libya after Turkey withdrew only 1,226. Another unconfirmed report claims that Ankara is looking to drawdown further after Ramadan.

Security Developments

▪ The head of the Zawiyah coastguard, Abd al-Rahman Milad (aka Bija), was released from MoI custody on April 11 and acquitted of all charges relating to smuggling and human trafficking. ▪ SDF and its associate unit 444 Combat Brigade are increasingly policing other armed groups in the capital. SDF has carried out a series of arrests of armed group members, responded to an armed attempt to resist a change in leadership at the Libyan Investment Authority, and supported the Judicial Police as they fend off forces from the Central Support Department (Abu Saleem). 444 has been busy clearing out smaller armed groups which managed to embed themselves in the capital during the LNA offensive. ▪ There have been tensions in Sirte with reports indicating that 166 Brigade (LNA) from the east targeted Kani Brigade resulting in a clash in the city. This follows a similar incident in February which was assessed to have been in response to the involvement of Kani Brigade members in criminal activity. ▪ Competition between two local armed groups is destabilizing Ajaylat near Zuwara. The area has seen an increasing number of incidents in the town including murders and clashes.

Coronavirus

▪ Libya started its vaccination program on April 17 after the Food and Drugs Administration gave the green light for use of the Sputnik V and AstraZeneca vaccines. Vulnerable groups and health workers will be prioritized with both Libyan nationals and foreign residents eligible. The country also received its fourth batch of vaccines with Ankara sending 150,000 doses of the Chinese Sinovac vaccine. This comes after the UAE sent doses of the Russia Sputnik V vaccination. Doses of AstraZeneca have also been received through the COVAX program.

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Travel Developments

▪ Tunis Air confirmed on April 13 that it intends to resume flights to Libya from April 27. Three weekly flights are being scheduled from Tunis Carthage airport to Tripoli and two to Benghazi. As of May 17, this is expected to increase to seven weekly flights to Tripoli and three to Benghazi. Passengers must have a PCR test that does not exceed 72 hours for all flights. ▪ The Libyan Ambassador to Italy, Omar Al-Tarhouni met with Manilo Di Stefano, the Under- Secretary of the Italian Foreign Minister in Rome and Pasquale Ferrara, the Italian Foreign Minister’s Special Envoy to Libya. The men discussed the need to revive joint committees to work on projects and programs. Ambassador Tarhouni stressed the need to accelerate the reopening of Libyan-Italian airspace and the lifting of the ban on Libyan flights to the EU.

Oil & Gas

▪ The NOC announced that March oil revenues had reached a record $2,052,178,786.17. The increase is being attributed to the different number of days in February and March with the collection of dues from exports taking place over 30 days.

International Security Developments

▪ The Chadian rebel group FACT launched an incursion from Fezzan into northern Chad on April 11, coinciding with national elections. Clashes continued till at least April 13 between FACT and Chadian governmental armed forces. By April 17, a FACT convoy had reportedly passed Faya and appeared to be heading towards the capital, N’Djamena. At the same time, another FACT convoy was heading to Mao from the north however the government claimed to have destroyed a convoy in the same region. ▪ Niger security forces have seized a cache of weapons being transported from Libya into Ingal, northern Niger. The cache was being transported in two vehicles which were chased by security forces. One of the vehicles overturned on the road, allowing the security forces to arrest four of the smugglers. Two are still being searched for. The cache included 77 AK-47s, two pistols, two missiles, and more than 30,000 rounds of ammunition. Threat Matrix

Region Political Terrorism Militancy Crime Kidnap

Tripolitania High High High High High

Tripoli High High High High High

Cyrenaica High Moderate Low- Moderate Moderate Moderate-High

Benghazi High Moderate-High Moderate High High

Fezzan High High-Extreme High High High

Sabha High High-Extreme High High-Extreme High

Minimal Low Moderate High Extreme

Threat Scale

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Key Dates

Date Occasion Comment

May 01, 2021 May Day Public Holiday

May 12 - 14, 2021 Eid al-Fitr Public Holiday

July 19, 2021 Day of Arafah Public Holiday

July 20 – 22, 2021 Eid al-Adha Public Holiday

December 24, 2021 Scheduled elections

Assessment

Political Developments

GNU: Visits to Ankara and Moscow Prime Minister (GNU) Abdulhamid Dbeibah conducted two significant official visits this week. On April 12, he travelled to Ankara along with a delegation of 15, where he was met by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. He was welcomed by an honour guard before holding a joint press briefing with Erdogan. Both leaders reaffirmed their commitment to the 2019 maritime deal signed by the GNA as it sought Turkish support in ousting the LNA from Tripoli. Three days after the Ankara visit, Dbeibah travelled to Moscow with a smaller delegation for meetings with the foreign minister, defence minister and prime minister. While there, he received a phone call from Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Security Developments

Zawiyah: Bija released from Ministry of Interior custody On April 11, Abd al-Rahman al-Milad (aka Bija) was released from MoI custody after he was acquitted of all human trafficking charges. Bija, the head of the coastguard in Zawiyah, was arrested in October 2020 by MoI forces under the control of the previous Minister of the Interior, Fathi Bashagha, as he left Tripoli to head back to Zawiyah. He was placed on the UN sanctions list in July 2018 and is being investigated by the ICC. On April 12, he was reported to be back in Zawiyah.

Tripoli: SDF policing armed groups SDF and its associated unit, 444 Combat Brigade, are increasingly policing other armed groups in the capital. SDF has carried out a series of arrests of armed group members while 444 Combat Brigade has dislodged a number of smaller armed groups from the capital. Localised tensions are likely to continue to manifest as SDF attempts to bring some accountability to armed groups in the capital. This could result in armed attacks, raids and clashes as well as targeted arrests and tit-for-tat kidnappings as groups seek leverage.

Sirte: Tensions amongst LNA units result in further armed confrontation At 1905hrs on April 14, 166 Brigade (LNA) launched an attack on forces from Warshefana and Kani Brigade (aligned with the LNA) in Neighbourhood Two, resulting in clashes involving light and medium weapons. At least one person was killed and four were wounded.

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Regional Assessment

Tripolitania Region

Significant Incidents ▪ Security Operation - Apr 11 16:20, , Dahra: SDF responded to the HQ of the Libyan Investment Authority HQ after the incumbent, Salem Hanish, refused to hand over to the newly appointed director, Hamid Ahmed al-Hudairi. SDF reportedly arrested members of an armed group which was supporting Hanish allowing Hudairi to take control. ▪ Prisoner Release - Apr 11 19:00, Tripoli Province, Tripoli: Abd al-Rahman al-Milad (aka Bija) has been released after he was acquitted of all human trafficking charges. ▪ SAF - Apr 12, Az Zawiyah Province, Zawiyah: Celebratory fire was reported in the city upon the return of Abd al-Rahman al-Milad from detention in Tripoli. ▪ Armed Robbery - Apr 12 02:00, Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Province, Yefren: Unidentified perpetrators carried out an armed home invasion resulting in the deaths of two people. ▪ HG - Apr 12 22:20, Tripoli Province, Al-Shaabiya Roundabout: A family dispute led to a hand grenade exploding in a taxi after the perpetrator pulled the pin and threatened other family members over a personal dispute. The perpetrator was killed while two others were wounded near the al- Shaabiya Roundabout. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 12 22:30, Tripoli Province, Serraj: Issa Mqgurah, a father of five sons, was killed during an attempted carjacking. ▪ Mine Strike - Apr 13 15:55, Tripoli Province, Tikbali Camp: A mine detonated against a tractor near Tikbali Camp wounding the driver. The mine is likely a remnant of the last conflict in Tripoli over 2019/2020. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 13 17:00, Al-Murqub Province, Zliten: A kidnapping for ransom took place by perpetrators mobile in a Hyundai vehicle. Youssef el-Sheikhi was kidnapped by armed men in military uniform driving a dark Hyundai Verna. He was taken in front of his wife and children and has had a 125,000 dinar ransom demanded for his release. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 14 18:05, Sirte Province, Uqaba Bin Nafi School: Armed clashes erupted near the Uqaba Bin Nafi School between security forces and an armed criminal gang responsible for an earlier armed carjacking in which a civilian was severely beaten. The clash took place near the Youth Hostel HQ which is now home to Warshefana forces. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 14 19:05, Sirte Province, Neighbourhood Two: 166 Brigade (LNA) launched an attack on forces from Warshefana and Kani Brigade (aligned with the LNA) in Neighbourhood Two, resulting in clashes involving light and medium weapons. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 14 21:00, Nuqat Al-Khams Province, Ajaylat: A personal dispute between the Belkor and Murshed family escalated into armed clashes in the Shabika area. Danbi al-Wakwak was wounded in the clashes. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 15, Tripoli Province, Tripoli: Armed men under Ghneiwa detained seven members of the Judicial Police. The move came after Marwan Kahla, one of Ghnewia's bodyguards, was arrested by the Judicial Security Department on orders from the Public Prosecutor in connection with a number of crimes. The kidnappings were likely to enable Ghnewia to use them as leverage to secure the release of Kahla. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 15, Sirte Province, Sirte: A man was assaulted in front of his home and family in the suburbs of Sirte by an armed gang who then stole his vehicle. The man was severely injured in the attack. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 15, Tripoli Province, Nufilyeen: The Fezzan Authority has stated that it believes its president, Abdel Moneim Al-Senussi Al-Sharif, has been kidnapped and called for help from political and security leaders in Tripoli. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 15 01:00, Az Zawiyah Province, Ghannoudi Fuel Station: Armed clashes between two local armed groups erupted in front of the Ghannoudi Fuel Station in Surman with light and medium weapons in use. ▪ Other - Apr 15 16:00, Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Province, Yefren: The body of Dr Mohamed Abu Al-Ahbas was found in the mountains. Al-Ahbas worked at the Oil Clinic. Contact was lost with him on April

13 after he left work to return to his home in Janzour.

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▪ Kidnap - Apr 15 20:00, Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Province, Ash Shwayrif: Unconfirmed reports suggest a number of truck drivers were kidnapped. ▪ Murder/ Execution - Apr 15 23:30, Nuqat Al-Khams Province, Ajaylat: A member of an armed group was killed in the market area. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 16, Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Province, Ash Shwayrif: Three Egyptian nationals were released after a Libyan farmer paid 60,000 LYD to release them. They had been kidnapped 12 days previously in Ash Shwayrif. ▪ Security Operation - Apr 16, Tripoli Province, Salahuddin: 444 Combat Brigade has finished its mission in the Sidra/ Salahuddin areas of Tripoli by extending its control over the Jujumat Brigade which was affiliated with the Tripoli Rebels. 444 Combat Unit is affiliated with SDF having been rebranded in 2020 from 20/20 Unit and joined the Volcano of Rage Operations Room. ▪ Troop Movements - Apr 16 00:00, Nuqat Al-Khams Province, Ajaylat: An armed group mobilised in the Ras Youssef area prompting a later mobilisation from a Zawiyah armed group. ▪ Arrest - Apr 16, Misrata Province, Misrata: A suspect was arrested for the murder of Abdullah Bazin by the Criminal Investigations Department in Misrata. Bazin, a 21-year-old, was shot and killed in Garabuli on April 12. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 16 00:30, Az Zawiyah Province, Sabratah: An armed clash erupted in the Dahman area of Sabratah between Al Feran Militia and Al Arri Militia. Al Feran is associated with Kaboat Militia from Zawiyah. Both are reported to be heavily involved in drugs trafficking. Kaboat Militia responded by deploying in support of Al Feran. A member of the Al Arri Militia, Motaz Abdulrahman, was killed in the clash. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 16 01:00, Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Province, Mizdah: An armed clash erupted in a fuel station as tensions mounted over fuel queues resulting in the death of Mohamed al-Mushi. ▪ Arrest - Apr 16 06:00, Tripoli Province, Janzour: SDF, along with local security forces in Janzour, conducted a raid, arresting part of a kidnapping gang. The arrest came as a result of an investigation after the gang kidnapped someone and demanded $650,000 for the victim’s release, issuing a number of threats to the victim's family. The gang is also accused of the kidnap of Bashir al-Bazizi for who a $300,000 ransom was received. The victim was freed and taken to Ain Zara. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 16 21:00, Tripoli Province, Al-Madar Street: Clashes broke out between the Judicial Police and Ghneiwa's forces after Ghneiwa's forces opened fire on a Judicial Police vehicle in Fornaj, resulting in a car chase with rounds being fired. The clashes resulted in the death of a 23-year-old technology student, Mohamed Fathi, who was caught in the crossfire. ▪ Armed Attack - Apr 16 21:00, Tripoli Province, Fornaj: Forces belonging to Ghneiwa opened fire on a Judicial Police vehicle in front of their headquarters near Tripoli Medical Centre, close to Fornaj roundabout. The Judicial Police gave chase with rounds being fired until they reached Al Madar roundabout where Ghneiwa had three vehicles stationed. ▪ Troop Movements - Apr 17 01:40, Tripoli Province, Al-Madar Street: SDF mobilised in support of the Judicial Police after clashes in the Al-Madar Street area. ▪ SAF - Apr 17 04:00, Az Zawiyah Province, Surman: Unidentified perpetrators in a dark Toyota Tundra fired a number of shots towards fans gathered to watch cars drifting near the Maghriba Bank resulting in the wounding of two people. ▪ Armed Attack - Apr 17 18:00, Tripoli Province, Ghut al-Shaal: Unidentified perpetrators opened fire on a General Security vehicle, wounding one General Security member on Street 9. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 17 20:00, Tripoli Province, Gargaresh: A firefight resulted in the death of an Egyptian national with others wounded near Gargaresh Bridge.

Cyrenaica Region

Significant Incidents ▪ SAF - Apr 12 00:00, Benghazi Province, Daryanah: A Libyan national was shot and killed allegedly by members of CID near the Wahda Bank. A CID member was killed during an armed confrontation

in the same area on April 07.

▪ SAF - Apr 12 01:00, Benghazi Province, Bohdema: A Libyan national was shot and killed by 106 Brigade (LNA) members. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 12 18:55, Benghazi Province, Al-Farsh Bridge: A CID member was reportedly

kidnapped by masked unidentified perpetrators.

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▪ Armed clash - Apr 12 19:30, Benghazi Province, Bohdema: An armed clash resulted in the death of an alleged Special Forces member. ▪ Murder/ Execution - Apr 12 22:30, Al-Wahat Province, : A Libyan national was murdered in Alwfaq Street. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 13 12:50, Al-Wahat Province, Ajdabiya: An Ajdabiya resident was reported to have been kidnapped along the Ajdabiya to Benghazi road by unidentified persons. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 13 18:40, Al-Wahat Province, Ajdabiya: The son of a previous kidnap victim was kidnapped himself by unidentified masked men. ▪ Murder/ Execution - Apr 13 18:50, Al-Wahat Province, Ajdabiya: A Libyan national was murdered by unknown masked men. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 14 01:00, Benghazi Province, Benghazi: Brigadier General Naji Hamza Al-Misrati was reportedly kidnapped by unknown persons. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 14 18:00, Benghazi Province, Benghazi: A journalist was kidnapped from his home. ▪ Crime - Apr 15, Al-Wahat Province, Ajdabiya: Police seized over 300kg of cannabis which had been transported from Tripoli after a tip-off regarding a truck coming from Tripoli. ▪ Arrest - Apr 15, Al-Butnan Province, Tobruk: Police arrested three Egyptian nationals with 25kg of cannabis. Mobile phones and at least one passport were also seized. Kidnap - Apr 17 14:00, Benghazi Province, Benghazi: Reports indicate that Abdul Latif Al-Mashai, owner of the Al-Marwa Hospital, was kidnapped.

Fezzan Region

Significant Incidents ▪ Troop Movements - Apr 11 16:00, Al-Jufra Province, Jufra: LNA troops reportedly deployed from Jufra towards Ash Shwayrif. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 11 20:00, Sabha Province, District 80: An armed carjacking took place. ▪ Armed Robbery - Apr 11 20:00, Wadi Al-Shatii Province, Sabha to Jufra Road: An attempted highway robbery saw three people seriously injured after their vehicle overturned while trying to escape on the Sabha to Jufra Road. SAF was also involved. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 11 22:00, Sabha Province, Sabha: An unidentified individual was believed to have been kidnapped by perpetrators in a white vehicle. ▪ SAF - Apr 12 23:30, Sabha Province, Sabha: Small arms fire was reported in the area. ▪ Armed Robbery - Apr 13 17:00, Sabha Province, Mahdia: An African national was subjected to an armed robbery by perpetrators dressed in military fatigues mobile in a vehicle. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 14 01:00, Sabha Province, Sabha Faculty of Arts: An armed carjacking took place by perpetrators in a white vehicle. ▪ Armed Robbery - Apr 14 01:00, Sabha Province, Secondary Neighbourhood: An armed robbery took place in the Secondary Neighbourhood. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 14 17:00, Sabha Province, Qurdah Agricultural Area: Three African nationals reportedly carried out an armed carjacking. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 14 20:00, Sabha Province, Samnu: An armed carjacking took place on the Tamanhint to Samnu road. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 15 00:00, Sabha Province, Sabha Faculty of Arts: Another carjacking took place with reports it involved the same perpetrators as the previous attack which occurred 24 hours earlier. ▪ Armed Robbery - Apr 15 01:00, Sabha Province, Abdul Kafi: An armed robbery was reported in the area. ▪ Armed Clash - Apr 15 01:00, Wadi Al-Shatii Province, Alsaraya Market, Brak: A small clash took place between two men from the Megerhi tribe near the Alsaraya market.

▪ Kidnap - Apr 15 13:00, Murzuq Province, Qatrun: A Mauritanian national, Sheikh Daoudi, was kidnapped from his shop by three people in a double white Toyota Hilux. The three men were later identified as a Sudanese, Chadian and Libyan nationals. The incident was reportedly motivated by

a personal dispute over money with the Sudanese national claiming he is owed 100,000LYD by

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another Mauritanian national who moved to Sabha a few months previously. Qatroun police stated that Daoudi was expected to be released within the next few hours after they intervened. ▪ Murder/ Execution - Apr 15 16:00, Sabha Province, Sabha: Perpetrators in a Toyota Hilux shot and killed a person near the 40 Street Junction. ▪ Armed Robbery - Apr 15 18:00, Sabha Province, Sabha: An armed robbery was conducted by perpetrators mobile in two vehicles near the Municipal Guard Building. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 16 01:00, Sabha Province, Qurdah Agricultural Area: A person was shot and wounded during an armed carjacking. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 16 02:00, Murzuq Province, Qatrun: Another kidnapping was reported in Qatrun. The incident follows the kidnapping of a Mauritanian national on April 15 over an apparent debt. ▪ Armed Attack - Apr 17 01:00, Sabha Province, Hijarah: An armed group attacked a home resulting in an armed clash. ▪ Kidnap - Apr 17 13:45, Sabha Province, Sabha: Armed men in a dark Hyundai vehicle attempted to kidnap an Egyptian national however he managed to escape. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 17 14:00, Sabha Province, Sabha: An armed carjacking took place on the Tariq Bin Ziyad roundabout. ▪ Carjacking - Apr 17 15:30, Sabha Province, Secondary Neighbourhood: An armed carjacking took place. ▪ Murder/ Execution - Apr 17 16:00, Sabha Province, Mahdia: An African national was murdered by unidentified perpetrators. Murder/ Execution - Apr 17 22:30, Sabha Province, Sabha: A person was killed by unidentified people mobile in a vehicle.

Disclaimer: The information and opinions expressed in this Report are the views of GardaWorld and constitute a judgment as at the date of the Report and are subject to change without notice. The information and opinions expressed in this Report have been formed in good faith on the basis of the best information and intelligence available at the time of writing, but no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to its accuracy, completeness or correctness. GardaWorld accepts no liability arising out of or in connection with the comments made or the information set out in this Report and the reader is advised that any decision taken to act or not to act in reliance on this Report is taken solely at the reader's own risk. In particular, the comments in this Report

should not be construed as advice, legal or otherwise.

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Acronym List

AQ - Al-Qaeda BAM – Al Bunyan Al Marsous (Misratan-led) BDB – Benghazi Defense Brigade / Saraya Defend Benghazi (SDB) (Al Qaeda-aligned – AAS and RSCB associated/umbrella group) CBL – Central Bank of Libya CNI – Critical National Infrastructure DACOCT - Deterrence Apparatus for Combating Organized Crime and Terrorism DDR - Disarmament, demobilising and reintegration DF – Direct Fire DPF – Derna Protection Force (an amalgamation of all militias in Derna, including the MSCD) GECOL – General Electricity Company of Libya GMMR – Great Man-made River GNA – Government of National Accord (2016) GNC – General National Congress (2012) GNU – Government of National Unity (2021) GTUC - Greater Tripoli Union Council (Tripoli militias and others, established in June 2020) HNEC – High National Elections Commission HoR – House of Representatives (Tobruk-based) IDF – Indirect Fire (mortars/rockets) IDP - Internally Displaced Persons IED - Improvised Explosive Device IOC - International Oil Company IS - Islamic State LIFG – Libyan Islamic Fighting Group LNA – Libyan National Army LNG – Libyan National Guard LPA – Libyan Political Agreement (2015) LPDF - Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (2020) LROR - Libyan Revolutionary Operations Room MoD - Ministry of Defense MoF - Ministry of Finance MoFA - Ministry of Foreign Affairs MoHE - Ministry of Higher Education MoI - Ministry of Interior MoJ - Ministry of Justice MoO - Ministry of Oil MoT - Ministry of Transportation MSCD – Mujahideen Shura Council of Derna (AQ aligned) NFDK - No Further Details Known NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation (aid/charity) NOC – National Oil Company NSG – National Salvation Government (GNC) NSTR - Nothing Significant To Report PC – Presidency Council (GNA) PG – Presidential Guard PFG- Petroleum Facilities Guard RPG - Rocket Propelled Grenade RSCB - Revolutionary Shura Council of Benghazi RTA - Road Traffic Accident SAF - Small Arms Fire SDB – Saraya Defend Benghazi / Benghazi Defense Brigade (BDB) (Al Qaeda-aligned – AAS and RSCB associated/umbrella group) SDF – Rada Deterrence Force/ Special Deterrence Force/ Rada

Technical - An improvised weapon-mounted pick-up truck

TPF – Tripoli Protection Force (TRB, Nawasi 8 Force, Bab Tajoura Brigade and Ghneiwa umbrella group, established in December 2018)

UXO - Unexploded Ordnance

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Protecting people, assets and reputations worldwide. GardaWorld is the world's largest privately owned security services company, offering cash services, physical and specialized security solutions and, with the Crisis24 portal, the dissemination of vetted information related to international security. Our operations take us from our head office in Montreal to oil fields in Iraq and to embassies in Africa, as well as through major U.S. financial institutions and Canadian airports.

We work in a variety of sectors, such as financial services, infrastructure, natural resources and retail. We are a partner of choice for private companies, governments, humanitarian organizations, and multinationals with personnel all over the world. By mitigating the risks and allowing our clients to conduct business in complete security, we are strengthening the

trust they place in us to protect their staff, their assets and their operations.

GardaWorld Proprietary GardaWorld

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