THE PAST PERFECT
FORM
+ I had forgotten We had met before You had failed the exam You had gone to bed It had just started raining They had already left
__ I hadn’t finished We hadn’t slept You hadn’t been to work You hadn’t made a reservation He hadn’t read the news They hadn’t gone home yet
? Had I missed anything ? Had we eaten ? Had you graduated yet ? Had you ever been to Brazil ? Had it stopped snowing ? Had they got divorced ?
USE
We use the Past Perfect
(i) when we are talking about the past and then, just for a moment, we want to refer to something that happened before then.
(ii) in type 3 conditional sentences e.g. “If I hadn’t made a reservation, we wouldn’t have got a table.” ‘SPEAK OUT: INTERMEDIATE’
UNIT 4: GAVIN & STACEY
‘Speakout Intermediate BBC DVD PREVIEW Unit 4 with substitle’ https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bbc+extracts+for+speak+out+gavin+and+syacey& &view=detail&mid=0D4575F9075BF6B9B1BA0D4575F9075BF6B9B1BA&&FORM=VRD GAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dbbc%2Bextracts%2Bfor%2Bspeak%2Bout%2B gavin%2Band%2Bsyacey%26FORM%3DHDRSC3
How long had Gavin been at work when his wife phoned?
When had he last seen her?
In which city was Gavin’s new job?
Who called Gavin while he was talking to his new boss?
What did Gavin do with his mobile phone?
What did Owain invite Gavin to do?
Why did Gavin’s Uncle Bryn come to the office?
What did the secretary bring Gavin while he was talking to Huw and Owain?
Who had sent it to him?
GRAMMAR Now complete the biography of the artist H.R. Giger by putting the verbs in brackets into the simple present, the simple past, the past continuous or the past perfect.
H.R. Giger was born in Chur, Switzerland, in 1940. When he ……….1………. (be) twenty-one, he ……….2………. (go) to Zurich to study Architecture and Industrial Design. While he ……….3………. (attend) Zurich’s School of Applied Arts, he ……….4………. (meet) Li Tobler, a beautiful but troubled Swiss actress who ……….5………. (inspire) some of his best known works, such as ‘Li 1’ and ‘Li 2’. Giger ……….6………. (graduate) in 1970 but, already, he ……….7………. (start) designing posters in his surrealist ‘biomechanical’ style, with the aid of an airbrush. His reputation ……….8………. (grow) and soon he ……….9……….. (paint) album covers for some of the most successful Rock bands of the period. In 1977, he ……….10………. (publish) his first book of images, ‘Necronomicon’. Soon afterwards, Hollywood scriptwriter Dan O’Bannon ……….11………. (see) Giger’s work in Paris, ……….12………. (buy) ‘Necronomicon’ and ……….13………. (give) it to the film director Ridley Scott, who ……….14………. (ask) Giger to help him design the sets and the monster for the science fiction movie, ‘Alien’. Over the next twenty years, the ‘Alien’ franchise ……….15………. (spread) Giger’s disturbing vision far and wide. The artist ……….16………. (be) now rich and famous but his muse, Li Tobler, ……….17………. (kill) herself. “I want my life to be short and intense,” she once ……….18………. (say) but events ……….19………. (spiral) out of control and she ……….20………. (sink) into apathy and depression. She ……….21………. (be) only 27 when she ……….22………. (die). Her serene, ethereal beauty ……….23………. (live) on in Giger’s most poignant works, however, acting as a counterpoint to the dynamic of fear and transcendence which ……….24………. (characterize) so many of his paintings. Despite this setback, the artist’s career ……….25………. (go) from strength to strength until 1998, when he ……….26………. (buy) the Château St. Germain in Gruyères, Switzerland, and ……….27………. (turn) it into a permanent museum for his work. Years after his death, the H.R. Giger Museum still ……….28………. (draw) enthusiastic crowds of visitors, eager to see his most famous pictures, sculptures, furniture and film sets. Almost as intriguing as the Museum itself, is the H.R. Giger Bar, next door, whose interior design is as warped and twisted as many of his macabre artworks. Giger, himself, ……….29………. (design) the Bar to be an immersive art experience and duly ……….30………. (model) the walls, floor, ceiling, fittings, tables and chairs in his unique ‘biomechanical’ style.
5. SPEAKING Look at this website: https://hrgiger.com/barmuseum.htm Imagine that you work for the Gruyères tourism office. Discuss what kind of events you could organize at the H.R. Giger Bar. THE PASSIVE
The passive = The verb “to be” + The past participle
ACTIVE PASSIVE
SIMPLE The government will raise taxes FUTURE
SIMPLE Italy imports energy from France PRESENT
PRESENT The mechanic is repairing the car CONTINUOUS
SIMPLE PAST Lufthansa made 650 staff redundant
PAST TESLA was producing a record number CONTINUOUS of electric cars in 2019
PRESENT Google has taken over Fitbit Inc. PERFECT
PAST PERFECT Apple had sold 10 million iPhone 11’s within three days of the product launch
USE: We use the passive,
i) When the object or the action is more important than the subject of the sentence. ii) To avoid using the subject or when the subject is not important or unknown. iii) When the subject is so obvious that it does not need to be stated. iv) To establish a more objective and scientific style.
THE PASSIVE: Modal Verbs
MODAL VERB + “BE” + PAST PARTICIPLE Can used Could be told Must sold Had to replaced
+ This medicine must be used by 2022 — The machines couldn’t be replaced ? Can the computer be repaired?
Gianni Versace ……………….. (born) in 1946 in Reggio Calabria. When he ……………….. (be) twenty-five, he ……………….. (decide) to go to Milan and become a fashion designer. His company, Gianni Versace SPA, ……………….. (found) in 1978 and at the age of thirty-six, he
……………….. (award) a prize for being the best designer of women’s clothes. During the 1980’s, the Versace brand ………………..firmly……………….. (establish) as a symbol of Italian luxury and
………………… (diversify) into accessories, cosmetics, jewellery and fragrances. In 1984, he
……………….. (create) an unusual perfume for men which ……………….. (call) ‘Versace l’Homme’. Four years later, Spain’s first Versace shop ………………….. (open) in Madrid.
Expansion continued steadily until, by now, Versace products ………………… (distribute) all over the world via an impressive international retail network, including 81 Versace boutiques which
…..……………….. (locate) in the primary commercial avenues of major cities, such as Via
Montenapoleone in Milan and Bond Street in London. In 1995, Gianni Versace …………………
(organize) a party with Elton John where he personally ……………….. (sign) copies of his new book ‘Men without Ties’, which …………… then ……………. (sell) to the invited guests. All the money that ………………… (raise) by the party and the book ……………….. (give) to AIDS charities. Sadly, Versace ………………….. (kill) in Miami on July 15th 1997. The FBI
…………………….. (suspect) that the notorious serial killer, Andrew Cunanan, might
………………….. (involve) in the Versace case. Nine days later, however, Cunanan
………………………. (find) dead in Miami so the police still ………………………….. (not know) why Gianni Versace ………………… (murder). Meanwhile, Gianni Versace SPA …………………..
(take over) by his brother, Santo, and his sister, Donatella, which means that, if the company’s success continues, the products he designed …………………………. (sell) long after his death. Watch the video-clip: ‘The Real Donald Trump’ at www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOZrtL-sZ10
Donald J Trump ……………….. (be) an American businessman and television presenter, who ……………….. (build) office towers, hotels, casinos, golf courses, an urban development project in Manhattan, and other branded facilities in many parts of the world. Trump ……………….. (bear) in 1946. He ……………….. (raise) in New York City and ……………….. (receive) a bachelor's degree in Economics from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1968. In 1971 he ……………….. (give) control of his father’s real estate and construction firm by its founder, Fred Trump, and later ……………….. (rename) it ‘The Trump Organization’. In recent years, Trump ……………….. (appear) at the Miss USA pageants, which he ……………….. (own) from 1996 to 2015, and ……………….. (make) cameo appearances in films and television series. He ……………….. (seek) the Reform Party presidential nomination in 2000 but ……………….. (withdraw) before voting ……………….. (begin). From 2004 to 2015, he ……………….. (present) ‘The Apprentice’, a reality television series on NBC and, in 2016, he ……………….. (list) by Forbes as the 324th wealthiest person in the world, and 156th in the USA. In June 2015, Trump ……………….. (announce) his candidacy for President of the United States, as a Republican. By May 2016, he ……………….. (become) as the front-runner for his party's nomination after his remaining Republican rivals …………………………………. (drop) out of the race. In July, he ……………….. (nominate) for President at the 2016 Republican National Convention, despite controversy surrounding his wife’s speech, which apparently …………………………………………..……………. (copy) from one by Michelle Obama. Trump's campaign …………………………………………….. (receive) unprecedented media coverage and international attention. Many of his statements in interviews, on Twitter, and at campaign rallies …………………. (be) controversial or simply false. Nevertheless, throughout 2016, Trump ………………………………… (promote) his programme up and down the USA; a platform which ………………… (include) renegotiation of U.S.—China trade deals, opposition to NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, reform of veterans' care, the repeal and replacement of Barack Obama’s Affordable Care Act, tax cuts for the rich and stronger penalties for illegal immigration. His most grandiose project was a two-thousand-kilometre wall along the US—Mexico border. In November 2016, American voters …………………………….. (go) to the polls. As a result, Donald Trump ………………………..…..…………….. (be) the President of the United States until 20 January 2021, even if he ……………………….……….... (lose) this year’s election. In 2020, the Covid-19 Coronavirus ……………….. (restrict) campaigning across the United States. Donald Trump ……………….. (react) by holding the Republican National Convention in front of the White House and online. If he ……………….. (win) “the most important election there has ever been”, he promises to restore the US economy, defeat “the China virus” and create ten million jobs in ten months. In other words, he will “Make America Great Again” again. VIDEO COMPREHENSION EXERCISE:
First, watch the trailer: ‘Loving Vincent – Official Trailer’ ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gy0RVDM1sNA
Now watch ‘Loving Vincent’, the world’s first fully painted feature film’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CQKHWvK8Ro
1) Where was the film ‘Loving Vincent’ made?
2) How many English artists worked on it?
3) How many paintings were needed to complete the film?
5) How many artists worked on it?
6) How many artists applied to work on the film?
7) How many years did the film take to make?
8) How many of Van Gogh’s painting were used for reference?
9) How long did Sarah work on the project?
10) How does Sarah feel about Van Gogh now?