DOCSLIB.ORG

Updated-Report-On-Ntcs-Skagerrak-And-Norned.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Updated-Report-On-Ntcs-Skagerrak-And-Norned.Pdf Table of content 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Plans for grid investments in Norway ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Legal frame work .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Criteria for the selection of appropriate measures ................................................................................................. 5 2. State of the transmission grid in southern part of Norway .................................................... 7 2.1. The Grid Development Plan .................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. The Area Study of Southern Norway....................................................................................................................... 7 3. Investment and outage planning in Norway ............................................................................. 12 3.1. Planned grid investments ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2. Measures to minimize the need for restrictions ................................................................................................... 13 4. NTCs on NorNed and Skagerrak .................................................................................................... 15 4.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 4.2. Calculation of NTCs D-1 ......................................................................................................................................... 15 4.3. Operational measures used to relieve congestions .............................................................................................. 16 4.4. Distribution of NTC restrictions between NorNed and Skagerrak ........................................................................ 20 5. Measures to relieve congestions before the operational phase ........................................ 23 5.1. Special System protection Scheme to increase capacity ...................................................................................... 23 5.2. Planned counter trade .......................................................................................................................................... 23 5.3. Principles for countertrade on the DK1-Germany interconnector – report by the University of Aachen ............ 25 5.4. Price areas ............................................................................................................................................................. 26 6. Initial assessment of planned counter trade ............................................................................. 27 6.1. What is at stake? ................................................................................................................................................... 27 6.2. Relevant European regulation .............................................................................................................................. 27 6.3. Structural versus non-structural congestion ......................................................................................................... 28 6.4. Countertrade as a potential measure to relieve the impact of congestions in the Norwegian grid on the internal market 28 6.5. Feasibility of countertrade on Skagerrak and availability of capacity in DK1 ........................................................ 28 6.6. Preliminary estimation of technical viability on the Danish side .......................................................................... 29 6.7. How quickly can balancing reserves be activated in DK1? .................................................................................... 29 6.8. How could countertrade be organized?................................................................................................................ 31 6.9. Conclusion on initial assessment .......................................................................................................................... 31 7. Other factors that may affect the flow on the interconnectors .......................................... 32 7.1. Loss factor on cables ............................................................................................................................................. 32 7.2. Flow based ............................................................................................................................................................ 32 8. Conclusions and TSO cooperation................................................................................................. 33 Annex 1 - Completed and planned investments ............................................................................... 34 Annex 2 – Estimated and realized NTCs on Skagerrak and NorNed in 2014 ........................ 36 Annex 3 - Estimated total capacities on NorNed and Skagerrak in 2015 ............................... 38 Annex 4 - Example on how the thermal limitation is handled .................................................... 38 2 1. Introduction 1.1. Background The regulators (NRAs) in Denmark, The Netherlands and Norway; Danish Energy Regulatory Authority (DERA), Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM ) and Norges Vassdrags- og energidirektorat (NVE), has sent a similar letter to their respective TSO. In the letter the NRAs inform about their intention to investigate whether the congestion management in Norway and the calculation and allocation of NTCs on the NorNed and Skagerrak interconnectors are in line with applicable EU and national regulation. The three TSOs; Energinet.dk, TenneT and Statnett, are asked to provide a report on the expected need for limitations of the capacity on the above mentioned interconnectors. Statnett finds it important to underline that no decisions are taken concerning the actual need for limitation in capacity on the NorNed and Skagerrak. The actual capacity given to the market (NTC) each day and hour are decided the day before the operating day (D-1) and provided to the market according to the procedures established through the North West Europe (NWE) market coupling. These capacities are based on the expected production, consumption and situation in the Norwegian grid for the following day. It should also be noted that "The exchange information" sent to the market plays an important role in providing information to market participants. This information is particular important for producers in the south of Norway in order to plan the use of water over time. As these production resources are part of the n-1 consideration performed by Statnett each day they are critical for the ability to up hold a high capacity in the south of Norway as possible over time. Statnett is through its public service obligation, given by the Norwegian Ministry for Petroleum and Energy obliged to take decisions during operation and investment based on socioeconomic optimisation. Statnetts annual income is regulated through an income cap covering operational cost, capital cost and system operations cost. The congestion rents connected to the interconnectors are used to reduce the tariffs paid by Norwegian consumers. This implies that marginal cost of investments and operation in the grid over all has the same effect as a marginal reduction in congestion rents due to limitations. The report explains the challenges in the operation of the grid in the southern part of Norway. It is important to note that there are two main types of situations that my lead to a situation where Statnett has to reduce the capacity on the interconnectors in order to maintain security of supply. One situation is when there are no outages in the grid (intact grid) but where there is a high demand for export over the NorNed and Skagerrak interconnectors. These situations and the consequences are explained in the market message from May 2013. The other type of situations that may lead to congestions are when there are outages due to maintenance and reinforcements in the grid. Statnett would like to underline that the maintenance and reinforcement work both in 2014 and the coming years are of the utmost importance to relieve 3 the long term changeling connected to the terminal congestions in the Western Corridor. Information about the expected outages and NTCs in 2014 was communicated to the market in February. For each outage a more precise information is given in urgent market messages (UMMs). 1.2. Plans for grid investments in Norway Statnett is actively working to reinforce the Norwegian transmission grid, with the investments most important to NorNed and Skagerrak scheduled to be completed by 2019. The planned grid investments, which will see the main parts of the transmission system upgraded to 420 kV (from 300 kV) in addition to new lines being built, are detailed in the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Anason Family in Rogaland County, Norway and Juneau County, Wisconsin Lawrence W
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Faculty Publications Library Faculty January 2013 The Anason Family in Rogaland County, Norway and Juneau County, Wisconsin Lawrence W. Onsager Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/library-pubs Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Onsager, Lawrence W., "The Anason Family in Rogaland County, Norway and Juneau County, Wisconsin" (2013). Faculty Publications. Paper 25. http://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/library-pubs/25 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Faculty at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ANASON FAMILY IN ROGALAND COUNTY, NORWAY AND JUNEAU COUNTY, WISCONSIN BY LAWRENCE W. ONSAGER THE LEMONWEIR VALLEY PRESS Berrien Springs, Michigan and Mauston, Wisconsin 2013 ANASON FAMILY INTRODUCTION The Anason family has its roots in Rogaland County, in western Norway. Western Norway is the area which had the greatest emigration to the United States. The County of Rogaland, formerly named Stavanger, lies at Norway’s southwestern tip, with the North Sea washing its fjords, beaches and islands. The name Rogaland means “the land of the Ryger,” an old Germanic tribe. The Ryger tribe is believed to have settled there 2,000 years ago. The meaning of the tribal name is uncertain. Rogaland was called Rygiafylke in the Viking age. The earliest known members of the Anason family came from a region of Rogaland that has since become part of Vest-Agder County.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Participation and Transparency in Power Grid Planning
    Public Participation and Transparency in Power Grid Planning Recommendations from the BESTGRID Project Handbook – Part 1 BESTGRID PARTNERS Transmission System Operator (TSO) Partners Natagora asbl www.natagora.be 50Hertz Transmission GmbH Julien Taymans (Waterloo-Braine l'Alleud project) www.50hertz.com [email protected] Dr Dirk Manthey, [email protected] Phone: +32 (0) 81 390 720 Phone: +49 (0) 30 5150 3419 98 rue Nanon, B-5000 Namur Eichenstr. 3A, D-12435 Berlin German Environment Aid (DUH) Elia System Operator NV www.duh.de www.stevin.be Liv Becker (Suedlink / Bertikow-Pasewalk) Jeroen Mentens (Stevin project) [email protected] [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 30 2400 867 98 Phone: +32 (0) 2 546 7957 Hackescher Markt 4, D-10178 Berlin Christophe Coq (Waterloo-Braine l'Alleud project) Germanwatch e.V. [email protected] www.germanwatch.org Phone: +32 (0) 2 382 2334 Leon Monnoyerkaai 3, B-1000 Brussels Rotraud Hänlein, [email protected] Phone: +49 (0) 30 2888 356 83 National Grid Stresemannstr. 72, D-10963 Berlin www.nemo-link.com International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Phil Pryor, [email protected] www.iiasa.ac.at Phone: +44 (0)7795 641 431 Warwick Technology Park, Gallows Hill, Warwick, Joanne Linnerooth-Bayer, [email protected] UK-CV346DA Dr Nadejda Komendantova, [email protected] Phone: +43 (0) 676 83 807 285 TenneT TSO GmbH Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg www.suedlink.tennet.eu Marius Strecker, [email protected] Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) Phone: +49 (0) 921 50740 4094 www.nabu.de Bernecker Str.
    [Show full text]
  • For Hydropower
    REVIEW GRID EXTENSION Swapping wind power for hydropower Two cable routes between Norway calm, power can run into the opposite direction. Everybody is intended to benefit from the and Germany are expected to arrangements. The project partners involved believe enhance the two countries’ security that the renewable energy sources in the two countries complement each other perfectly. Electricity of supply. The NorGer and Nord.Link demand in Norway is met by using huge storage reservoirs that fill up with water from melting snow projects are awaiting their approval. starting in May and reach their highest level in autumn. During winter, when precipitation is again lthough the issue is already well known, it is mostly snow, the water is used up due to high power now becoming politically charged because of consumption. Wind power from Germany is especial­ Athe German government’s decision to press ly produced between October and March and thus on towards the “Energiewende” – the exclusive reli­ could ensure that water reservoirs in Norway are not ance on renewable energy. Phasing out nuclear ener­ emptied too fast, while the well filled reservoirs in Wind power from Germany gy and moving the energy industry towards renew­ summer compensate for weak wind months. is set to be coupled to water able sources will only be possible if new storage sys­ storage reservoirs in Norway. tems are being developed and used. One possibility One idea, two models Photo: Statnett SF would be using hydro reservoirs. As capacities of this kind are fairly restricted in Germany, some are think­ However, there are two different business models be­ ing of looking for opportunities farther north: Norway hind this basic idea.
    [Show full text]
  • Farsund & Listalandet
    Live Camera CITY HARBOUR [Farsund2000] [GPS] [Photo-PostCard-NEW] [HELP] [About us] [NewsLetter] [Tell-A-Friend] [GuestHarbour ] [Weather] [PhotoGallery] [Members] [Forening / Lag] [©CopyRight] [Admin] - Chose County - Chose Counsil N -Chose AirPort.No Velkommen til VisitEurope.NO Akershus Agdenes Alta Airport Aust-Agder Alstahaug Andøya Her kan din bedrift profileres med både oppføringer og bannere til svært Buskerud Alta Bardufoss gunstige priser og betingelser. Portalen er tilknyttet den europeiske Finnmark Alvdal Båtsfjord hovedportalen VisitEurope.TV som representerer alle land i Europa. Vi inkluderer gode og viktige funksjonaliteter uten ekstra betaling. Bestill nå eller få mer informasjon ved å klikke på overskriften. Velkomm channel: - Turn ON Radio -------> Farsund & Listalandet 1200 EPostCards/Photo's Welcome to Farsund! The municipality of Farsund has ca. 9.200 inhabitants, mainly concentrated on three centres of population - Farsund town, Vanse and Vestbygda. It also includes the outlying districts of Lista, Herad and Spind. Shipping, fishing and agriculture have been the main industries in the area. Today Farsund is the largest agrcultural district in the county of Vest-Agder, having 26 km2 productive land, 88 km2 forest and 17 k m2 freshwater areas. Farsund was already recognized as a trading centre in 1795, and in 1995 celebrated its 200-years jubilee with town status. Vanse: was formerly the largest centre of population in the district. Today it has 2.500 inhabitants, and some of the council offices are still situated there. Vestbygda: is built round the only harbour of any size in a particularly exposed stretch of the coast. There was a considerable emigration to the United States from this region in former times.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts and Figures 2019
    Contact and imprint Facts Publisher Design 50Hertz Transmission GmbH Heimrich & Hannot GmbH and Figures Heidestrasse 2 10557 Berlin Images T +49 30 5150 0 50Hertz 2019 F +49 30 5150 2199 Jan Pauls info@ 50 hertz.com Frank Wölffing Board of Management Printing Stefan Kapferer (CEO) PocketPlaner Dr. Frank Golletz (CTO) FP Werbung GmbH Dr. Dirk Biermann (CMO) Marco Nix (CFO) Sylvia Borcherding (CHRO) 50hertz.com For a successful energy transition in a sustainable world You can find our sustainability report online at csr.50hertz.com enmark About us Our tasks nerginet Key figures In the north and east of Germany, cleswig-olstein we operate the high voltage grid Lubmin Value TenneT reliably ensuring electricity supply Market facilitation – Gstrow GRID-RELATED KEY FIGURES WESTE for around 18 million people. EI CETE NORTHE 2 We are part of the amburg EI CETE Grid area 109,702 km TenneT European integrated Our grid with voltage levels of 150 kilo- Our locations Total lenghts of lines market. (equivalent to power 10,490 km volt (kV), 220 kV and 380 kV extends P circuit length) thereof overhead lines 380 kV 7,250 km over a circuit length of 10,490 km. 50Hertz Netzquartier Eastern Regional Centre Lower axony Poland CET We deliver the (Headquarters) Sigmund-Bergmann-Str. 1 EI CETE thereof overhead lines 220 kV 2,607 km 50ert-Netquartier Heidestrasse 2 03222 Lübbenau/ BerlinCarlottenburg Neuenagen At our eleven locations, over 1,100 infrastructure of bei Berlin thereof sea cables 220 kV 290 km 10557 Berlin Spreewald employees ensure that electricity the future TenneT Wolmirstedt thereof sea cables 150 kV 270 km flows around the clock in Berlin, Service location Röhrsdorf Trusteeship – Northern Regional Centre thereof underground cables 73 km Brandenburg, Hamburg, Mecklen- WESTE Lbbenaupreewald Substations and switching We transparently integrate Rostocker Chaussee 18 Southern Regional Centre EI CETE 74 burg-Western Pomerania, Saxony, stations (number) renewable energies 18273 Güstrow Zentrales Umspannwerk 8 Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.
    [Show full text]
  • Sirdal Kommune
    Sirdal kommune Delegert vedtak Nr.: 20/455 Refereres i: TLM - delegerte saker TONSTAD SKYTTERLAG c/o Andreas Netland Josdalsveien 42 4440 TONSTAD DERES REF: VÅR REF: SAKSBEHANDLER: ARKIVKODE: DATO: 3030/2020 - 2019/199 Anna Maria Ousdal 35/1 22.06.2020 35/1, Tonstad skytterlag, dispensasjon fra arealformål grønnstruktur i kommunedelplan Sirdal sør for utvidelse av skytebane Bakgrunn Tonstad skytterlag har søkt om dispensasjon fra arealformål grønnstruktur i kommunedelplan Sirdal sør (plan ID 2013004) for utvidelse av eksisterende skytebane. Søknaden gjelder gnr. 35, bnr. 1, fnr. 6. Arealet er festet av Sirdal kommune. Tonstad skytterlag disponerer arealet til utendørs skytebane (100 m og 200 m bane). Sted: Finnsnes, Tonstad Gnr. 35, bnr. 1, fnr. 6 Søker: Tonstad skytterlag Grunneier: Opplysningsvesenets fond Fester: Sirdal kommune Figur 1. Kartutsnitt av gjeldende kommunedelplan med dagens festet areal, gnr. 35, bnr. 1, fnr. 6 Opplysninger/begrunnelse angitt i søknaden: Postadresse: Besøksadresse: Telefon: 38 37 90 00 Internett: www.sirdal.kommune.no Rådhuset Rådhuset, Tonstad Telefaks: 38 37 90 01 E-post: [email protected] 4440 Tonstad 28014608062 Org.nr.: 964964165 Bank kto.: «I forbindelse med arbeid med oppgradering av skytebanen til elektroniske skiver har skytterlaget vært i møter med blant annet Sirdal videregående skole, som har startet opp egen linje for rifleskyting. Skolen har i møtene belyst at de har ønsker utover digitale skiver på 100 m og 200 m. De ønsker en type mobilt anlegg med skyteskiver som kan settes ut på flere lokasjoner etter behov for å dekke de fleste øvelser innen skytesporten. Dvs. utover presisjonsskyting på faste blinker og avstander 15 m (innendørs), 50 m (Feed), 100 m og 200 m ønsker de også mulighet til stang og felthurtig, langdistanse og gjerne også bevegelige mål.
    [Show full text]
  • Statnett SF, Flekkefjord, Kvinesdal Og Sirdal Kommuner, Vest-Agder Fylke
    Statnett SF Postboks 4904 Nydalen 0423 OSLO Vår dato: 11.02.2015 Vår ref.: 201403130-19 Arkiv: 617 Saksbehandler: Deres dato: 09.01.2015 Olav Haaverstad Deres ref.: 22959774 - 41679196/[email protected] 1 Statnett SF, Flekkefjord, Kvinesdal og Sirdal kommuner, Vest-Agder fylke - Godkjenning av miljø-, transport- og anleggsplan for ledningsarbeider mellom Vollesfjord/Kvinesdal og Ertsmyra Vi viser til Deres brev datert 09.01.2015 vedlagt endelig miljø-, transport- og anleggsplan for ledningsarbeider mellom Vollesfjord/Kvinesdal og Ertsmyra. Saken er behandlet med hjemmel i vilkårene for miljø-, transport- og anleggsplan (MTA) gitt i konsesjon fra NVE 18.12.2013, post 9, og OEDs stadfesting av konsesjonen 13.10.2014, samt anleggskonsesjon til likestrømsforbindelse mellom Norge og Tyskland av 13. oktober 2014, post 10. Bakgrunn Statnett SF har fått konsesjon til, og skal i gang med bygging av to prosjekter i Lister-området: Vestre korridor mellom Feda og Tonstad og NordLink, likestrømskabel til Tyskland med tilhørende ledning mellom muffestasjon i Vollesfjord og Tonstad. Konsesjonen til anleggene i omfatter også bygging av to nye transformatorstasjoner og et nytt likeretteanlegg, Ertsmyra transformatorstasjon med likeretteranlegg i Tonstad og Kvinesdal transformatorstasjon i nærheten av Feda. NVE anbefalte i sin konsesjon en samordning av MTA-planene for de to prosjektene. På bakgrunn av dette har Statnett utarbeidet fem MTA-planer: MTA for Vollesfjord muffestasjon, MTA for Kvinesdal transformatorstasjon, MTA for Ertsmyra transformatorstasjon, MTA for oppisolering av ledninge mellom Feda og Tonstad, samt MTA for ledningsarbeid mellom Vollesfjord/Kvinesdal og Ertsmyra. (nybygging og riving). NVE har tidligere godkjent MTA for spenningsoppgraderingen, Ertsmyra transformatorstasjon og Kvinesdal transformatorstasjon.
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity Systems and Markets) EDF R&D
    European system with an efficient coordinated use of flexibilities for the integration of a large share of RES Vera Silva Research program director « Electricity systems and markets) EDF R&D EU-SysFlex overall objective EU SysFlex objective is to contribute to developing a market design and regulation framework able to foster the development of innovative flexibility approaches to address the technical shortfalls of a European system with high RES. These innovative approaches cover both the technical capability for providing the right flexibilities and system services and the ability of TSOs to integrate these into system and network operation. EU-SysFlex will make a major contribution to a cost effective system transformation to meet EU world leading RES objectives Three pillars of EUSysFlex approach System needs TSO driven Whole system driven Technical shortfalls Economic shortfalls Market driving innovation to respond to system needs Demonstrations/ Scalability Market design and Replicability/ TSO Services/ Products/ enhancement & operations simulation Procurement/Remuneration regulation evolution Flexibility Roadmap – Implementation and exploitation Scalability and System Implementation Exploitation of results replicatbility benefits Roadmap business creation EU SysFlex will provide a significant improvement of EU innovation capacity by combining “top-down” and “bottom- up” approaches to flexibility enabled by a strong consortium - Cost effective enhancement of flexibility and system services capability - new approaches and tools
    [Show full text]
  • Visitasforedrag Kvinesdal Fjotland Og Feda Sokn .Pdf
    DEN NORSKE KIRKE Agder og Telemark biskop Visitasforedrag ved bispevisitasen i Kvinesdal-, Feda- og Fjotland sokn 1. – 6. september 2015 INNLEDNING Kjære menigheter i Kvinesdal-, Feda- og Fjotland sokn! Nåde være med dere, og fred fra Gud vår Far og Herren Jesus Kristus. Jeg har gledet meg til å være sammen med dere i rammen av en visitas. Etter å ha vært prest i 16 år i dette prostiet, er det derfor på mange måter som å være hjemme igjen. En visitas åpner for et dypere kjennskap til menighet og samfunn. Takk for at dere har lukket meg inn i deres utfordringer og muligheter. Forrige visitas i Kvinesdal, Feda og Fjotland var i 2003. Visitasen er en synlig del av mitt tilsyn som biskop med den lokale kirke. Det har vært viktige dager. Jeg ber om at visitasen må bli slik dere i visitasmeldingen ønsket. Jeg siterer: ”Vi håper at dagene vil gi mulighet til å tenke gjennom det arbeidet menighetene står i til daglig, gi veiledning til nye veivalg, samt gi inspirasjon i arbeidet videre.” FORBEREDELSE En visitas er mer enn at biskopen besøker menigheten en liten uke. I forkant skriver sokneprestene sammen med kirkeverge og råd en visitasmelding. Det er en beskrivelse og vurdering av det som har skjedd siden forrige visitas og av situasjonen i dag. Jeg oppfordrer menigheten til å lese denne meldingen. Det er et offentlig dokument. Til denne visitasen har jeg fått en bred og god melding som forteller om menigheter som jobber trofast og planmessig. Umiddelbart var det tre positive ting i visitasmeldingen som jeg merket meg.
    [Show full text]
  • Dansk Energi Brev
    To: Energinet Astrid Buhr Broge [email protected] [email protected] Dok. ansvarlig: CAC Sekretær: Sagsnr: s2013-388 Doknr: d2021-22033-1.0 30. august 2021 Energinet consultation on the methodology for procurement of counter- trade energy Dansk Energi welcomes Energinet’s consultation on the methodology for procurement of so-called countertrade energy. Energinet has highlighted several issues driving the proposed methodology over the past year. However, the central task of a TSO is not to arrange a border specific market setup according to cli- mate effects or according to the costs of specific market dispatches. The central task of a TSO is to facilitate markets that provides correct price and investments signals in compliance with EU-regulation. Energinet’s proposed methodology seeks to address an internal German issue – lack of capacity in TenneT’s transmission grid – which has previously resulted in heavy reduction of capacity on the Dan- ish-German border. While this was solved with the Joint Declaration and Tennet Commitments in 2017-2018, Energinet’s proposed methodology rolls back these advances. The proposed methodology will sustain a distorted day-ahead market price formation in Denmark, an intraday market in DK1 with no export capacity towards Germany and an intraday market in Denmark where Energinet directly or through a third party is by far the largest market participant. These are not efficient elements in a well-functioning wholesale market and Dansk Energi does not consider it compliant with EU-regulation, nor do we consider it a proportional solution to address the internal German grid congestion. At this stage, Dansk Energi would like to highlight the following concerns and objections: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Requirements for Interconnection of HVDC Links with DC-DC Converters
    Requirements for interconnection of HVDC links with DC-DC converters Daniel Gomez A., Juan Paez, Marc Cheah-Mane, Jose Maneiro, Piotr Dworakowski, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Florent Morel To cite this version: Daniel Gomez A., Juan Paez, Marc Cheah-Mane, Jose Maneiro, Piotr Dworakowski, et al.. Re- quirements for interconnection of HVDC links with DC-DC converters. IECON 2019 - 45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Oct 2019, Lisbon, Portugal. pp.4854-4860, 10.1109/IECON.2019.8927640. hal-02432353 HAL Id: hal-02432353 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02432353 Submitted on 8 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Requirements for interconnection of HVDC links with DC-DC converters Daniel Gómez A. Juan D. Páez Marc Cheah-Mane Jose Maneiro SuperGrid Institute SuperGrid Institute CITCEA-UPC SuperGrid Institute Villeurbanne, France Villeurbanne, France Barcelona, Spain Villeurbanne, France https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- 5647-0488 8712-3630 0942-661X 5717-6176 Piotr Dworakowski Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt Florent Morel SuperGrid Institute CITCEA-UPC SuperGrid Institute Villeurbanne, France Barcelona, Spain Villeurbanne, France https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0002- https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 6893-0103 9507-8278 3098-7806 Abstract— The number of high voltage direct current (HVDC) links continue to increase over the years, most of them, for offshore applications or bulk power transmission over long distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Stortingsvalget 1949
    NORGES OFFISIELLE STATISTIKK XI. 13. STORTINGSVALGET 1949 Élections en 1949 pour le «Storting» UTGITT AV STORTINGETS KONTOR OSLO I KOMMISJON HOS H.ASCHEHOUG & CO. 1950 ARBEIDERNES AKTIETRYKKERI, OSLO Forord. Ved avfattelsen av nærværende statistikk er fulgt det samme system som ved de tidligere statistiske utgivelser etter valgene i 1921, 1924, 1927, 1930, 1933, 1936 og 1945. Første del inneholder de alminnelige statistiske opplysninger (tabeller 1—4) og er utarbeidet av kontorsjef i Stortinget, Gunnar Hoff. Annen del omfattende den politiske fordeling av stemmene på grunnlag av de listestemmer som er fait på hvert enkelt parti, er avfattet av fullmektig i Stortinget, Karl Bjørnstad. Under arbeidet som er utført på grunnlag av de skjematiske oppgaver fra valgstyrenes formenn har man i stor utstrekning måttet sammenholde og supplere disse opplysninger med distriktsvalgstyrenes oppgjør og øvrige valgdokumenter som har vært innsendt til Stortingets kontor. Oslo i mars 1950. Gunnar Hoff. Karl Bjørnstad. Valgdistrikter m. v. I tiden siden 1. oktober 1945 er foretatt følgende endringer med hensyn til jurisdiksjonsgrenser og navn: 1. Ved lov av 11. juli 1947 er Aker og Oslo sammensluttet. 2. Nordland fylke: Ved kongelig resolusjon av 19. mars 1948 er Stamnes her- red forandret til Sandnessjøen herred. 3. Hordaland fylke: Ved kongelig resolusjon av 18. april 1947 er Austerheim herred delt i Austerheim og Fedje herreder. Antallet av stemmeberettigede i hele riket utgjorde i 1949 ialt 2 172 454, mens antallet i 1945 var 2 000.008. Tilveksten utgjorde således 172 446. Av det samlede antall stemmeberettigede var 1119 134 kvinner eller 51.51 pst. mot 1027 359 eller 51.37.
    [Show full text]