Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

The Five Themes of Geography

Geography is the study of Earth

Geographers always ask two

Where are things located? Why are they ? there? ? notes

Ch. 1.1 Intro

Five Ways to Look at Earth

Location

Regions Place Movement

Human-Environment Interaction

These Five Themes help notes Geographers organize information

Ch 1 5 Themes

Location Where is it?

Geographers use both:

Cardinal directions - north, south, east, west

intermediate directions - lie between the cardinal directions

Ex. North West (NW) is halfway between north and west

notes

Ch 1 Location Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Location

Geographers also use two special measurements of Earth to describe location

latitude - is the distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees

longitude - is the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, also measured in degrees

Ch1 Location 2

The Hemispheres The Equator and the Prime Meridian both divide Earth, in two. Each half of Earth is called a hemisphere. The Equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Prime Meridian divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres. The Eastern Hemisphere includes the area from the Prime Meridian east to 0 The Western Hemisphere 180 of longitude includes the area from the Prime Meridian west to 1800 of longitude

The North Pole marks 900 north of The Northern Hemisphere

the Equator includes all lines of latitude north of the Equator

The Prime Meridian marks 00 longitude The Southern Hemisphere The Equator marks contains all lines of latitude 00 latitude south of the Equator

notes

ch 1 Hemispheres

Practice with Hemispheres

Examine the illustration below. Decide in which two hemispheres (eastern or Western and Northern or Southern) each of the following continents or oceans is located. (Example: The U.S. is in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.)

Northern Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere

Southern Hemisphere 1. North America ______7. Indian Ocean ______

2. Europe ______8. Asia______

3. South America ______9. Africa ______

4. Pacific Ocean ______10. Antarctica ______

5. Australia ______11. Arctic Ocean______

6. Atlantic Ocean ______12. Southern Ocean ______

Ch 1 Practice with Hemispeheres Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Global Grid

Lines of longitude and latitude form a global grid. Geographers can identify the absolute location of any point on Earth by finding the latitude and longitude lines that intersect at that point. Lines of latitude are also called parallels, because they run east and west and are parallel to one another. This means that they never cross. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. Meridians run north and south, from the North Pole to the South Pole.

The Prime Meridian at 0o longitude, runs through Greenwich, England.

The Equator at 0o latitude, circles Earth midway between the North and South poles.

notes

Ch 1 Global Grid

Regions

regions are used to group places that have something in common

Population

History Climate

Landforms

Ch 1 Regions

Population

Ch 1 Population Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

History

Ch 1 History

Sep 4­12:10 PM

Climate

Ch 1 Climate Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Landforms

Rocky Mountains

African Plains

Colorado Plateau

Ch1 Landforms

Place

Place includes the human and physical features of a specific place Physical features are climate and landforms Human features are how people live, work they do, religion they practice, and the languages they speak

Ch 1 Place

Movement

- how people, goods and ideas get from one place to another

- people coming to the U.S. bring their traditions and culture and infuse it

- technology has helped spread music ideas, etc... around the world

notes

Ch 1 Movement Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Human-Environment Interaction

- how people affect their environment or how natural surroundings (environment) affect people

1.1 Quiz Time to Practice

Ch 1 Human­Environment Interation

Chapter 1 Section 1: The Five Themes of Geography The World of Geography Notes 1. The study of Earth is called ______.

2. What two questions do geographers try to answer while studying different places? ______

3. How do the five themes—location, region, place, movement, and human­environment interaction—help geographers when they study Earth? ______

4. North, east, south, and west are called ______.

5. What are two special measurements geographers use to describe location? ______

6. What line of latitude at 0 degrees of latitude is located around the middle of the globe? ______

Ch 1.1 Notes

7. What is the line of longitude that marks 0 degrees of longitude?______

8. Each half of Earth is called a ______.

9. The invisible lines that form east­west circles around Earth are called lines of ______

10. The invisible lines that circle Earth from north to south are called lines of______.

11. Why is the study of movement useful to geographers? ______

Ch 1.1 Notes­2 Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Video

The Geographers Tools

Ch 1.2 Intro

Globes Advantages: ~Globes show an accurate model of Earth and its contents

~Continent and globe location would be more accurate

Disadvantages: ~Not to scale, or relative size

~ Cannot be large enough to show streets and still be convenient for carrying

notes

Ch 1 Globes

Maps

Advantages: ~Convenient to carry

~Can show greater detail of a specific area

Disadvantages: ~Earth is round, when you flatten something that is round the continents become out of shape

~This is distortion, or loss of accuracy

notes

Ch 1 Maps Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Mapmakers try to make maps as accurate as possible. They use 3 tools to make maps

Aerial Photos Satellite Images Geographic Information System

notes

Ch 1 Mapmakers

Aerial Photos & Satellite Images

Aerial Photos and Satellite Images are a valuable source of information about Earth's surface in great detail.

They are not good for seeing underground transit Rainforest lines, streams covered by vegetation, etc...

They can also distort views

Ch 1 Aerial and Satellite

Geographic Information System (GIS)

GIS is a computer based system that links information to locations

GIS systems connect information with places

For Example: Where a business might open Where to station military troops

notes

Ch 1 GIS Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Getting It All on the Map

A Projection of Earth is a method of mapping Earth on a flat surface

notes

Ch 1 Map Projection

Advantages: -land near equator about the right size Disadvantages" -areas near the poles look bigger than they are Ex. on a Mercator map Greenland looks bigger than South America, but actually Greenland is only 1/8 the size of South America

Ch 1 Mercator Projection

Advantages: -show correct size of land masses Disadvantages: - shapes are altered -lines that would be straight on Earth may be forced into curves to fit

Ch 1 Equal Area Projection Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Advantages: - shows most distances, sizes, and shapes quite accurately Disadvantages: -still has distortions, especially around the edges

Geographers believe the Robinson Projection is the best world map available. notes

Ch 1 The Robinson Project

Other projections are useful for showing small areas, but not the whole world.

Ch 1 Other Projections

Reading Maps

Ch 1 Reading Maps Five Themes of Geography September 08, 2015

Title China: Physical Most maps have a title near the top of the map. The title generally tells you the type of information and the area covered on the map

Locator Globe Maps may include a locator globe that shows the location of the area covered by the map

Compass Rose A map's compass rose shows direction. North is usually, but not always at the top of the map.

Scale Bar Key The scale bar shows A map's key identifies all of you how distances on the symbols and coloring used on the map the map compare to actual distances on the ground

notes

Ch 1 China Map

Georgia Highways

State Capital Other city

Ch 1 Georgia Hwy Map

Chapter 1 Section 2 Quiz: The Geographer’s Tools The World of Geography Chapter and Section A. Key Terms Directions: Fill in the blanks in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the correct letter. Column I Column II _____ 1. A globe shows Earth’s continents on a much smaller ______. a. key _____ 2. All flat maps show some______, or loss of accuracy. b. distortion A representation of Earth on a flat surface is called a﴾n﴿ c. compass rose .3 ______. A diagram on a map showing direction is called a﴾n﴿ ______. d. projection .4 ______5. A ______explains the symbols and colors on the map. e. scale

B. Main Ideas Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer .

6. People invented flat maps because globes 8. Why do many geographers prefer the cannot show Robinson projection? a. names of continents. a. It has no distortion of Earth’s surface. b. shapes of continents. b. It quite accurately shows most distances, c. enough detail. sizes, and shapes. d. distance between continents. c. It is an interrupted projection of Earth’s surface. d. It is an equal­area map

7. What is a disadvantage of a Mercator projection? a. It does not include all the continents. b. It does not show many details of Earth’s surface. c. It is too large to be carried easily. d. It shows correct shapes but not true sizes.

Ch 1.2 Quiz