Metropolis -Ein SF-Phänomen- Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Metropolis -Ein SF-Phänomen- Inhaltsverzeichnis Metropolis -ein SF-Phänomen- Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Metropolis (Film) 1 1.1 Handlung der rekonstruierten Originalfassung ............................ 1 1.1.1 Auftakt ............................................ 1 1.1.2 Zwischenspiel ........................................ 2 1.1.3 Furioso ............................................ 3 1.2 Thema und Interpretationen ..................................... 4 1.3 Ästhetik und Technik ......................................... 5 1.3.1 Architektur .......................................... 5 1.4 Produktion .............................................. 5 1.4.1 Vorproduktion und Besetzung ................................ 6 1.4.2 Drehort ............................................ 6 1.4.3 Kosten ............................................ 6 1.4.4 Arbeitsbedingungen ..................................... 6 1.5 Rezeption ............................................... 7 1.5.1 Zeitgenössische Rezeption .................................. 7 1.5.2 Rezeption heute ....................................... 8 1.5.3 Auszeichnungen ....................................... 8 1.6 Fassungen ............................................... 8 1.6.1 Vorbemerkung ........................................ 8 1.6.2 Umarbeitung 1927 ...................................... 9 1.6.3 Rekonstruktionen ....................................... 9 1.6.4 Bearbeitungen anderer Künstler ............................... 11 1.6.5 Neuverfilmungspläne ..................................... 12 1.7 Musik ................................................. 12 1.8 Sonstiges ............................................... 12 1.9 Filmdokumentation .......................................... 13 1.10 Literatur ............................................... 13 1.11 Anmerkungen ............................................. 14 1.12 Weblinks ............................................... 14 1.13 Einzelnachweise ............................................ 14 2 Fritz Lang 17 2.1 Leben und Wirken .......................................... 17 i ii INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 2.1.1 Ausbildung .......................................... 17 2.1.2 Erster Weltkrieg ....................................... 17 2.1.3 Erste Ehe ........................................... 18 2.1.4 Stummfilme ......................................... 18 2.1.5 Tonfilme ........................................... 19 2.1.6 Emigration .......................................... 19 2.1.7 Arbeiten in den USA ..................................... 19 2.1.8 Rückkehr nach Europa .................................... 20 2.2 Werk ................................................. 20 2.2.1 Beteiligung an Drehbüchern ................................. 20 2.2.2 Regisseur ........................................... 21 2.3 Filme über Fritz Lang ......................................... 22 2.4 Literatur ............................................... 22 2.4.1 Englische Literatur ...................................... 22 2.4.2 Französische Literatur .................................... 22 2.4.3 Deutsche Literatur ...................................... 22 2.5 Weblinks ............................................... 23 2.6 Einzelnachweise ............................................ 23 3 Thea von Harbou 24 3.1 Leben ................................................. 24 3.2 Werke (Auswahl) ........................................... 25 3.2.1 Regie ............................................. 25 3.2.2 Drehbücher .......................................... 25 3.2.3 Romane ........................................... 26 3.3 Literatur ............................................... 27 3.4 Weblinks ............................................... 27 3.5 Einzelnachweise ............................................ 27 3.6 Text- und Bildquellen, Autoren und Lizenzen ............................. 29 3.6.1 Text .............................................. 29 3.6.2 Bilder ............................................. 30 3.6.3 Inhaltslizenz .......................................... 30 Kapitel 1 Metropolis (Film) Metropolis ist ein monumentaler Stummfilm des tungen und rauschhaftes Vergnügen, während die Arbei- deutschen Expressionismus, den Fritz Lang in den Jah- terklasse, die an riesigen Maschinen für den Gewinn der ren 1925 bis 1926 drehte. Schauplatz ist eine futuristische Reichen schuftet, ebenso tief unterhalb der Stadt haust Großstadt mit ausgeprägter Zweiklassengesellschaft. wie die anderen darüber. Dazwischen, aber unter der Er- Dieser Science-Fiction-Film war der erste seines Genres de, befinden sich die für beide Klassen unentbehrlichen in Spielfilmlänge. Er ist einer der teuersten Filme der Maschinen. damaligen Zeit und gilt als eines der bedeutendsten Alleinherrscher von Metropolis ist Joh Fredersen, der Werke der Filmgeschichte. vom „neuen Turm Babel“ aus seine Stadt überwacht und Die am 10. Januar 1927 präsentierte, etwa zweiein- regiert. Die Arbeiter, die seine Stadt gebaut haben, sind halbstündige Premierenfassung fiel bei Kritikern durch für ihn Untermenschen und dort angesiedelt „wo sie hin- und hatte auch beim Publikum keinen Erfolg, weswegen gehören“. Der Tag der Arbeiter ist in 20 Stunden aufge- schon am 25. August 1927 eine auf knapp zwei Stunden teilt, ihre Zehnstundenschichten dauern also den halben verkürzte Version in Deutschland neu anlief. Tag, während der Tag für die Oberschicht 24 Stunden hat: Etwa ein Viertel des Originals wurde anlässlich der Zweierlei Uhren verweisen auf zweierlei Maß. Neufassung vernichtet.[Anm 3] Seit 1961 wurden mehr- Eines Tages taucht in den „Ewigen Gärten“ eine Kinder- fach Versuche unternommen, die Originalfassung wie- schar aus der Unterstadt in Begleitung einer Frau auf, die derherzustellen. In der Rekonstruktion von 2001 vertra- den zu ihr gehörigen zeigt, wie „ihre Brüder“ leben. Fre- ten Standbilder und Kommentartexte das noch immer der, Joh Fredersens Sohn, verliebt sich spontan in die un- fehlende Material. In dieser Form wurde der Film als verdorbene und strahlende junge Maria und geht in die erster überhaupt ins Weltdokumentenerbe der UNESCO Unterstadt, um sie wiederzusehen. Dabei gelangt er in aufgenommen. Dank einer 2008 in Buenos Aires ge- einen Maschinensaal, wo Menschen im Gleichtakt He- fundenen Kopie gelang es, die früheren Lücken weit- bel roboterartig bedienen, und wird Zeuge eines Unfalls: gehend zu füllen. Die restaurierte Fassung der Murnau- Weil ein einziger Arbeiter erschöpft zusammenbricht, Stiftung feierte am 12. Februar 2010 ihre Premiere bei überhitzt die Anlage und explodiert. Freder erlebt sie jetzt der Berlinale im Friedrichstadtpalast und in der Alten als Menschen verschlingenden Moloch. Noch während Oper Frankfurt. Am 12. Mai 2011 startete die restaurier- Tote und Verletzte fortgeschafft werden, rückt die nächs- te Fassung bundesweit in den Kinos. te Kolonne an die nur kurz unbesetzten Arbeitsplätze. Entsetzt eilt Freder in das Büro seines Vaters. Dessen Se- kretär Josaphat versucht, den Unfall als belanglos darzu- 1.1 Handlung der rekonstruierten stellen und Freder daran zu hindern, seinen Vater damit zu „belästigen“, was ihm aber nicht gelingt. Fredersen ist Originalfassung jedoch vor allem verärgert, weil er nicht durch Josaphat vom Vorfall erfahren hatte, aber auch darüber, dass Fre- Der Film gliedert sich in drei Akte: Auftakt (66 min.), der überhaupt ohne Wissen des Vaters die Unterstadt be- Zwischenspiel (28 min.) und Furioso (52 min.). suchen konnte. Nach dem Gespräch zwischen Vater und Sohn bleibt gegenseitiges Unverständnis. Gleich darauf erscheint Grot, der „Wächter“ der Herz- 1.1.1 Auftakt Maschine, um mitzuteilen, dass in den Taschen der ver- unglückten Arbeiter wieder mysteriöse Pläne gefunden In der gigantischen Stadt Metropolis leben zwei voneinan- wurden. Da auch diesmal nicht sein Sekretär diese heik- der klar getrennte Gesellschaften: Eine Oberschicht lebt le Information gebracht hatte, wird Fredersen zornig und in absolutem Luxus. Im „Klub der Söhne“ genießt die Ju- entlässt Josaphat. Für diesen bedeutet die Entlassung, für gend der Elite in ihren Türmen und in „Ewigen Gärten“ den Rest des Lebens zur Unterschicht zu gehören. Josa- paradiesische Verhältnisse und lebt für Sportveranstal- 1 2 KAPITEL 1. METROPOLIS (FILM) phats Selbstmord im Treppenhaus kann der ihm nachei- pelgängers den Arbeitern die Hoffnung auf den Mittler lende Freder verhindern: Der junge Mann bietet Hilfe an, nehmen, um sie hinterher noch härter auszubeuten. Rot- notiert Josaphats Adresse und schickt ihn heim, während wang hingegen beschließt, mit Hilfe seines Maschinen- er selbst sich wieder in die Unterstadt begibt. menschen Rache an Fredersen zu nehmen: Die Maschine In der Zwischenzeit hat Joh Fredersen den Schmalen, soll die Arbeiter wie auch die Elite zur Zerstörung von seinen Geheimagenten, beauftragt, Freder zu beschatten Metropolis aufhetzen und dadurch Fredersens Lebensin- und über jeden Schritt des Sohnes Bericht zu erstatten. halt und dessen Sohn vernichten. Noch in den Katakom- ben überfällt Rotwang Maria, löscht ihr einziges Licht (ei- Wieder bei den Maschinen, wird Freder auf den er- ne Kerze) und hetzt sie bis in sein Haus. In einer Dach- schöpften Georgy, den Arbeiter 11811, aufmerksam und kammer hält er sie dann gefangen. tauscht mit ihm Beschäftigung und Kleidung. Freder schickt Georgy in seinem Wagen zu Josaphat, wo er auf ihn warten solle. Freders Fahrer merkt den Austausch 1.1.2 Zwischenspiel nicht. Als während der Fahrt Flugblätter zum Fenster her- einflattern, die den sündigen Nachtklub Yoshiwara be- werben, erliegt Georgy der
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