DOCSLIB.ORG

A Sociolinguistic Study of Gurung in Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Sociolinguistic Study of Gurung in Nepal DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2019-010 A Sociolinguistic Study of Gurung in Nepal Janel Swenson A Sociolinguistic Study of Gurung in Nepal Janel Swenson SIL International® 2019 Electronic Survey Report 2019-010, October 2019 © 2019 SIL International® All rights reserved. Data and materials collected by researchers in an era before documentation of permission was standardized may be included in this publication. SIL makes diligent efforts to identify and acknowledge sources and to obtain appropriate permissions wherever possible, acting in good faith and on the best information available at the time of publication. Abstract This report presents the results of sociolinguistic research conducted among Gurung language communities in the Western Development Region of Nepal. Language and dialect variation, ethnolinguistic identity, and language vitality were topics studied to inform future language-based development activities. The data suggests Gurung is one language with a cohesive ethnic and linguistic identity, intelligibility of a central variety of Gurung is adequate in most regions, and positive attitudes are apparent towards all varieties of Gurung. Further, results indicate Gurung language vitality is declining, as many of the childbearing generation are not passing on the language to their children. Despite diminishing vitality, communities have expressed desires for language-based development and language revitalization activities. सारांश यस प्रितवेदनमा नेपालको पि�मा�ल िवकास �ेत्रमा बसोबास गन� गु�ङ समुदायिबच ग�रएको समाजभाषावै�ािनक अनुस�ानबाट प्रा� नितजा प्र�ुत ग�रएको छ। भाषा तथा भािषकागत िविवधता, जाितभािषक पिहचान तथा भािषक जीव�ता ज�ा िवषयमा के � � त यस अ�यनले आगामी िदनमा स�ालन गन� सिकने भाषामा आधा�रत िवकास काय�क्रमलाई सहज बनाउने उ�े � िलएको छ। गु�ङ भाषा जातीय र भािषक पिहचानका �ि�ले स�ितपूण� रहेको त�ा�ले देखाएको छ। प्राय: सबैजसो �ेत्रका गु�ङह�ले भाषाको के � ी य भेद सिजलै बु�े तथा भाषाका अ� सबै भेदह�प्रित गु�ङ भाषीह�को सकारा�क अिभवृि� रहेको पाइꅍछ। धेरै जसो बाबुआमा पु�ाका गु�ङह�ले आ굍ना नानीह�लाई गु�ङ भाषा िसकाउन छोडेका कारण गु�ङ भाषाको जीव�ता घट् दै गएको दे�खꅍछ। भािषक जीव�ता घट् दै गएको यस अवथामा पिन गु�ङ समुदायका मािनसह�ले भाषामा आधा�रत िवकास काय�क्रम तथा भाषालाई पुनज�िवत गन� िकिसमका िक्रयाकलाप स�ालन गन� आका�ा �� गरेका छन्। Contents Preface प्र�ावना 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and overview of the survey 1.2 Geography 1.3 People 1.3.1 History 1.3.2 Culture 1.4 Language 1.5 Previous research 2 Purpose, goals, and research questions 2.1 Goal 1: Language and dialect variation 2.2 Goal 2: Language attitude assessment 2.3 Goal 3: Ethnolinguistic identity 2.4 Goal 4: Language vitality 3 Methodology 3.1 Instruments 3.1.1 Wordlist comparisons 3.1.2 Recorded text test (RTT) 3.1.3 Knowledgeable insider interview 3.1.4 Informal interviews 3.1.5 Dialect mapping 3.2 Site selection 3.3 Subject selection 3.3.1 Subject selection criteria for wordlist collection, RTT story elicitation, and RTT administration 3.3.2 Informal interview subject selection criteria 4 Language and dialect variation 4.1 Lexical similarity 4.2 Recorded text test results 4.3 Post-RTT questions 4.4 Informal interviews 4.5 Dialect mapping 5 Ethnolinguistic Identity 5.1 Language identification 5.2 Cultural patterns 5.3 Speaker perception 6 Language vitality 6.1 Domains of language use 6.1.1 Language use in the home domain 6.1.2 Language use in the religious domain 6.1.3 Language use in the village and market domains 6.2 Intergenerational transfer 6.3 Education and the extent of reading and writing in Gurung 6.4 Language attitudes and desires for development 6.5 Language vitality summary 7 Summary of findings and recommendations 7.1 Summary of findings 7.2 Recommendations iii iv 7 िन�ष�को सारसं�ेप तथा सुझाव 7.1 सारसं�ेप 7.2 सुझावह� Appendix A: Wordlists Appendix B: Recorded Text Testing Appendix C: Questionnaires Appendix D: Knowledgeable Insider Questionnaire Appendix E: Dialect Mapping Appendix F: Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale References Preface This sociolinguistic survey of Gurung was conducted in partnership with the Linguistic Survey of Nepal (LinSuN), Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal. The data collection portion of this survey was carried out in the fall of 2014 in Kaski, Syangja, Lamjung, and Gorkha districts with additional assistance provided by speakers from Tanahun and Parbat districts. The purpose of this survey was to provide insight for future language-based development activities by gathering sociolinguistic information among Gurung speakers. Without the assistance of many individuals, this survey would not have been possible. My colleagues Stephanie Eichentopf and Jessica Mitchell provided invaluable assistance and consultation before and during fieldwork. Language survey consultants Holly Hilty and Loren Maggard offered their expertise in the analysis and editing of the final report. We are indebted to many Gurung people who accompanied us on village trips, assisted with data collection, and provided invaluable language help, counsel, and guidance. I especially thank the Yangjakot Tamu Samaj, the Gurung community house, for organizing a multi-district dialect mapping session in Pokhara and arranging for the creation of the story for the recorded text test. Additionally, I am grateful to the Himali Pariwar (Lamjung) and Parbat Tamu Samaj community houses in Pokhara for hosting further dialect mapping sessions. Most of all, I am grateful to the Gurung communities we visited where we were given warm welcomes, delicious food, enjoyable dance programs, and invaluable information. Those who helped us along the way with recording, translating, and answering our numerous questions are far too many to mention by name, but I hope this report accurately represents the input you gave and will aid you in the promotion and further development of the Gurung language. It is for you this survey was undertaken. While this report was being written, a devastating earthquake struck Nepal. I will never forget that sad day in the history of Nepal when so many lives were lost. Many Gurung speakers were affected with the loss of family members and friends and with the destruction of their homes and villages. One of the villages we visited in our survey, Ajirkot in Gorkha District, is in an area most severely affected. We grieve with them in this tragedy. It is with great sadness I dedicate this report in memory of Gurung people who lost their lives in the 2015 earthquake. May 2015 Janel Swenson Kathmandu, Nepal v vi प्र�ावना गु�ङ भाषाको समाज-भाषावै�ािनक सव��ण ित्रभुवन िव�िव�ालय, कीित�पुर काठमाडौं�ारा स�ािलत नेपालको भािषक सव��ण काय�क्रमसँगको सहकाय�मा स�� ग�रएको हो। सव��णका लािग सन् २०१४ (से�े�र-अ�ोबर) मा का�ी, �ाङ्जा, ल륍जुङ तथा गोखा� िज�ाका गु�ङ भाषा बोिलने �ेत्रबाट आव�क सामग्री स�लन ग�रएको िथयो। यस क्रममा तन�ँ तथा पव�त िज�ाका गु�ङ भाषाका व�ाह�सँग समेत आव�क सहयोग िलइएको िथयो। यस सव��णको उ�े� गु�ङ भाषा भाषी समुदायबाट समाजभाषावै�ािनक सामग्री स�लन तथा िव�ेषणबाट प्रा� िन�ष�का आधारमा भिव�मा स�ालन गन� सिकने भाषामा आधा�रत िवकासका काय�क्रमह�लाई अ���ि� प्रदान गनु� हो। यो सव��ण स�� गन� क्रममा धेरै ���ह�बाट िविभ� िकिसमको सहयोग प्रा� भएको छ। �ेत्रीय अ�यन काय� था쥍नु भ�ा अिघ तथा उ� काय� स�न ग�ररहँदा समेत मेरा सहकम� िमत्रह� �ेफनी आइके�ो�् र जेिसका िमचेल�ारा ब�मू� सरस�ाह तथा सहयोग प्रा�भएको िथयो। साथै, भाषा सव��ण परामश� दाताह� हली िह�ी तथा लोरेन �ागाड�को िव�ताबाट स�िलत सामग्रीको िव�ेषण तथा अ��म प्रितवेदनको स�ादनका क्रममा मह�पूण� सहयोग िमलेको छ। म प्रितवहाँह� हािद�क कृत�ता �� गद�छु। पोखरामा आयोिजत ब�-िज�ा भािषका-सीमा�न (dialect mapping) सत्रको �वथापन तथा पाठ परी�णका लािग कथा अिभलेखन (रेकिड�ङ) तथा अ� प्रब�का लािग याङ्जाकोट तमु समाजलाई म िवशेष ध�वाद िदन चाहꅍछु। यस बाहेक, भािषका-सीमा�नका अ� सत्रह� स�ालनका लािग सहयोग गन� िहमाली प�रवार (लमजुङ) तथा पव�त तमु समाज सामुदाियक गृह (पोखरा) प्रित म आभारी छु। म ती सबै गु�ङ प�रवारप्रित हािद�क कृत�ता �� गद�छु जसबाट हामीले �ानो �ागत, िमठािमठा खानेकुरा, मनै छुने खालका नाचगान काय�क्रम तथा ब�मू� सूचना प्रा� ग앍। यौं सव��णका क्रममा हामीलाई सामग्री स�लन, अनुवाद, प्र�ो�र, छलफल आिदका मा�ममबाट हामीलाई सहयोग गनु��ने सबैको नाम उ�ेख गन� यहाँ स�व नभए पिन यहाँह�ले गरेका सबै खाले सहयोगह�को झ�ो यस प्रितवेदनमा आउने छ र यस प्रितवेदनले गु�ङ भाषाको स���न तथा िवकासमा मदत गन� छ भ�ेमा म िव�� छु। यो सव��ण तपाईंह�कै लािग स�� ग�रएको हो भ�ेमा दुईमत छैन। यो प्रितवेदन प्रकाशनको अ��म चरणमा रहेकै बेला नेपालले िवनाशकारी महाभूक�को सामना गनु�पय�। यित धेरै जनधनको �ित भएको नेपालको इितहासको यो दु:खद िदन मेरा �ृितपटलमा सध� ताजा रिहरहने छ। भूक�का कारण गु�ङ समुदायका धेरै िमत्रह�ले समेत आ굍ना प�रवारका सद� तथा साथीभाइ गुमाउनु भयो। कैयौं घरबारिवहीन �नुभयो । सव��णका क्रममा हामी पुगेको गोखा� िज�ाको अिजरकोट गाउँ भूक�बाट सबैभ�ा बढी प्रभािवत �ेत्रम�े पद�छ। यस दु:खद �णमा हामी िदव�तह�प्रित श्र�ा�िल तथा समवेदना �� गद�छौं । अ�मा, सन् २०१५ को महाभूक�मा परी जीवन गुमाएका गु�ङ 1 समुदायका मािनसह�प्रित म यो प्रितवेदन समप�ण गद�छु।0 मई, २०१५ जानेल जे.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ESMF – Appendix
    Improving Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Communities and Ecosystems in the Gandaki River Basin, Nepal Annex 6 (b): Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) - Appendix 30 March 2020 Improving Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Communities and Ecosystems in the Gandaki River Basin, Nepal Appendix Appendix 1: ESMS Screening Report - Improving Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Communities and Ecosystems in the Gandaki River Basin Appendix 2: Rapid social baseline analysis – sample template outline Appendix 3: ESMS Screening questionnaire – template for screening of sub-projects Appendix 4: Procedures for accidental discovery of cultural resources (Chance find) Appendix 5: Stakeholder Consultation and Engagement Plan Appendix 6: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) - Guidance Note Appendix 7: Social Impact Assessment (SIA) - Guidance Note Appendix 8: Developing and Monitoring an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) - Guidance Note Appendix 9: Pest Management Planning and Outline Pest Management Plan - Guidance Note Appendix 10: References Annex 6 (b): Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) 2 Appendix 1 ESMS Questionnaire & Screening Report – completed for GCF Funding Proposal Project Data The fields below are completed by the project proponent Project Title: Improving Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Communities and Ecosystems in the Gandaki River Basin Project proponent: IUCN Executing agency: IUCN in partnership with the Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management (Nepal) and
    [Show full text]
  • DRILP-AF, Lamjung Progress Review (71-72) & Yearly Plan (72-73) Presentation By: Khagendra P
    GoN, MoFALD, DDC DRILP-AF, Lamjung Progress Review (71-72) & Yearly Plan (72-73) Presentation By: Khagendra P. Dahal, DPM & Mr. Ashoka Kumar Shah, DPO Workshop, Kathmandu 6-7 August, 2015 1. Key Project Data Physical (71/72) Financial, (71/72) SN Category Remarks Target Progress Target Progress % ‘000 ‘000 • 1 RTI Roads DRILP- • AF/LAMJUNG 1.1 8.61 8.61 2,94,49 2,85,55 100% Completed /DKBDR/NCB/ 01 DRILP- Processing For 1.2 AF/LAMJUNG 10.66 0 0 0 0% Contract /TPR/NCB/02 Agreement DRILP- Processing For AF/LAMJUNG Contract 1.3 11 0 0 0 0% /TPR/NCB/03 Agreement 1. Key Project Data Physical (71/72) Financial, (71/72) SN Category Target Progress Remarks Target Progress % ‘000 ‘000 RTI (Trail 2 Bridge) 100 2.1 Fabrication 7 nos. 7 8600 8598 Completed % Will Complete at 2.2 Fabrication 10 nos. 0 9500 0 0 Bhadra 100 2.3 Construction 7 nos. 7 nos. 90,00 90,00 Completed % 100 1 Complete & 3 3 CI 4 nos. 4 nos. 32,00 31,96 % Ongoing Periodic Maintenance & Tools 4 Maintenance 200km 30 km 6800 44,86 66% and equipment Shopping Completed 2. Summary of Income and Expenditure Budget Exp. Upto Financial Financial Overall Expend SN Heading Category previous target exp. Remarks target iture % no F/Y 071/072 071/072 1 3658153 Administrative (Chalu) - - 39,09 37,18 95% 2 3658154 Development (Punjigat) - - 8,11,79 3,94,66 49% 2.1 RTI Roads - - 4,45,00 75,89 17% 2.2 CIS - - 32,00 31,96 100% 2.3 T.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The phenomenon of climate change is generally understood as a long term significant change in the average weather patterns of the region or the earth as a whole. It mainly involves changes in the variability or average state of the temperature, precipitation and wind patterns over durations ranging from decades to millions of years. UNFCCC defines it as 'a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere'. Today the world is experiencing climate change and there is the scientific consensus that the increase in the Green House Gas concentrations in the atmosphere has caused to global climate change. Nepal's average temperature is rising at the - C per annum between 1977 and 1994 with a higher rate in mountain century. In addition to increase in extreme temperature, weather has been observed changing in recent years. Because of the extreme temperature, there has been change in weather conditions. Number of monsoon days has been shortening, with early onset and late withdrawal, and the intensity of monsoon rain has shown increasing trend (Gurung and Bhandari 2009). Livelihood of third world's people has been changing and threatening from climate change. The term climate change is often used interchangeably with the term global warming but according to the National Academy of Sciences the phrase 'climate change' is growing in preferred use to 'global warming' because it helps to convey meaning of other terms related to climate change in addition to rising temperatures. Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation or wind) lasting for an extended period, decade or longer.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Inactive Accounts for 10 Years and Above
    LIST OF INACTIVE ACCOUNTS FOR 10 YEARS AND ABOVE S.N. ACCOUNT HOLDER’S NAME ACCOUNT NUMBER ADDRESS 1 SHREE GANESHAYA NAMO 01450001000001 KATHMANDU 2 SUNIL KUMAR BANSAL 01450001000060 KATHMANDU 3 ASHIT MEHTA 01450001000080 INDIA 4 SUCHITRA MAN SHAKYA 01450001000077 JWAGAL,LALITPUR 8/330, PYUKHA, NEWROAD, 5 SANJAY KUMAR SUREKA 01450101000027 KATHMANDU-31 6 BIJAY BAHADUR SHRESTHA 01450001000090 KATHMANDU 7 RAM NARAYAN SAH KALWAR 01450001000028 KANKAPUR-02,RAUTHAT RAJA KRISHNA / RAJENDRA BDR 8 / CHANDRA BKT / BIRENDRA / 01450001000035 GUCHATO-8/378,KATHMANDU RAJESHOWRI DUBACHOUR- 6, 9 KHADKA RAJ BHARATI 01450001000044 SINDHUPALCHAUK 10 SANJAY KUMAR AGRAWAL 01201101000063 BIRGUNJ-13,PARSA 11 BHAWANA DANGOL 01450001000050 KATHMANDU-21 12 SUSHMA SHRESTHA 01450001000092 BHAKTAPUR-07 WARD NO-11, 13 SABITA SAPKOTA 01450001000109 NAWALPUR,HETAUDA, MAKWANPUR 14 MAHESH PRASAD PARAJULI 01450001000105 BADHARA-09 WARD NO 07, CHITLANG, 15 LAXMI BALAMI 01450001000113 MAKWANPUR WARD NO.-19, NAGUWA, 16 PASHUPATI PLASTIC UDHYOG 01420001000050 BIRGUNJ 17 KESHAB PRASAD ADHIKARI 01450001000003 KUMARWARTI-06, NAWALPARASI 18 MANITA SINGH 01450001000126 WARD NO.22, KATHMANDU INTERACTIVE INVESTMENT & 19 01420001000019 WARD NO.11, KATHMANDU SECURITIES PVT. LTD. WARD NO-19, EKHA TOLE, 20 ECHHA TAMRAKAR 01450501000014 LALITPUR S.N. ACCOUNT HOLDER’S NAME ACCOUNT NUMBER ADDRESS WARD NO.32, DILLIBAZAR, 21 A.N. SECURITIES PVT. LTD. 01420001000006 KATHMANDU WARD NO1, TANKISINUWARI, 22 EKTA SHARMA 01450501000006 MORANG 23 UMDA BASNET 01450501000002 BALUWATAR, KATHMANDU 24
    [Show full text]
  • K|B]Z ;/Sf/ U08sl K|B]Z D'vodgql Tyf Dlgqkl/Ifb\Sf] Sfof{No Kf]V/F Cfiff9 @)&*
    dg;'g k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ of]hgf, @)&* k|b]z ;/sf/ u08sL k|b]z d'VodGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no kf]v/f cfiff9 @)&* Dfg;'g k"j{{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ of]hgf @)&* ljifo;"rL kl/ro !=! k|b]zsf] kl/roM !=@ of]hgfsf] k[i7e"ld -;+lIfKt ljkb\sf] l:ylt, of]hgfsf] cfjZostf, cf}lrTo_ @= dg;'g k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ of]hgfsf] p2]Zo #= sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f k|lqmof $= ;Defljt hf]lvdsf] ljZn]if0f $=! klx/f] $=@ af9L $=# sf]le8 !( %= k"j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ ;DaGwL d'Vo of]hgf %=! k|efjdf cfwfl/t dg;'g k"j{;'rgf k|0ffnL %=@ v'nf :yfgsf] klxrfg, ljsf; / pkof]u ^= cfktsflng ;fdfu|Lx?sf] lgsfout If]qx?df pknAw >f]t ;fwgx?sf] cf+sng &= ljifout dGqfno / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo ;+u ;DalGwt k'j{tof/L / k|ltsfo{ lhDd]jf/Lx? *= g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L an g]kfn / g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO{6L (= nlIft hg;+Vof -ljifout If]qx¿ cg';f/_ cg';'rLx? cg';'rL !M ljifout If]q / If]qut ;xof]uL lgsfox?sf] lj:t[t k"j{tof/L tyf k|ltsfo{ of]hgfx? cg';'rL @M k|b]z tyf lhNnf :t/Lo ;Dks{ gDa/x? Pj+ Sn:6/ ;b:ox? cg';'rL #M u08sL k|b]zdf /x]sf jiff{dfkg s]Gb|x? cg';'rLM$M lhNnfut v'nf ;'/lIft :yfgx?sf] ljj/0f cg';'rLM%M g]kfnL ;]gf;u+ xfn ;Dd df}Hbft /x]sf] k|ltsfo{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL cg';'rLM^M g]kfn k|x/L;u+ xfn ;Dd df}Hbft /x]sf] k|ltsfo{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL cg';'rLM&M ;z:q k|x/L an g]kfn ;u+ xfn ;Dd df}Hbft /x]sf] k|ltsfo{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;"rL 1 kl/roM k[i7e'ldM !=! k|b]zsf] kl/ro Uf08sL k|b]z g]kfnsf] ;ft k|b]zx? dWo] u08sL Ps k|b]z xf] hf] g]kfnsf] dWo efudf cjl:yt 5 .
    [Show full text]
  • C E N T R a L W E S T E
    Bhijer J u m l a Saldang N E P A L - W E S T E R N R E G I O N Patarasi Chhonhup f Zones, Districts and Village Development Committees, April 2015 Tinje Lo M anthang Kaingaon National boundary Zone boundary Village Development Comm ittee boundary Phoksundo Chhosar Region boundary District boundary Gothichour Charang Date Created: 28 Apr 2015 Contact: [email protected] Data sources: WFP, Survey Department of Nepal, SRTM Website: www.wfp.org 0 10 20 40 Rim i Prepared by: HQ, OSEP GIS The designations employed and the presentation of material in M I D - W E Dho S T E R N the map(s) do not imply the expression of any opinion on the Kilom eters part of WFP concerning the legal or constitutional status of any Map Reference: country, territory, city or sea, or concerning the delimitation of its ± frontiers or boundaries. Sarmi NPL_ADMIN_WesternRegion_A0L Pahada © World Food Programme 2015 Narku Chharka Liku Gham i Tripurakot Kalika K A R N A L I FAR-W ESTERN Lhan Raha MID-W ESTERN BJ a Hj a Er kRo It Surkhang Bhagawatitol Juphal D o l p a M u s t a n g W ESTERN Lawan Suhu Chhusang CENTRAL Gotam kot EASTERN Dunai Majhphal Mukot Kagbeni Sahartara Jhong Phu Nar Syalakhadhi Sisne Marpha Muktinath Jom som Tangkim anang Tukuche Ranm am aikot M a n a n g Baphikot Jang Pipal Pwang R u k u m Kowang Khangsar Ghyaru Mudi Pokhara M y a g d i Bhraka Sam agaun Gurja Ransi Hukam Syalpakha Kunjo Thoche W LeteE S T Manang E R N Chokhawang Kanda Narachyang Sankh Shova Chhekam par Kol Bagarchhap Pisang Kuinem angale Marwang Taksera Prok Dana Bihi Lulang Chim khola
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Soldiers Died in Italy During World War II: 1943-45
    Indian Soldiers died in Italy during World War II: 1943-45 ANCONA WAR CEMETERY, Italy Pioneer ABDUL AZIZ , Indian Pioneer Corps. Gurdaspur, Grave Ref. V. B. 1. Sepoy ABDUL JABAR , 10th Baluch Regiment. Hazara, Grave Ref. V. B. 4. Sepoy ABDUL RAHIM , 11th Indian Inf. Bde. Jullundur, Grave Ref. V. D. 6. Rifleman AITA BAHADUR LIMBU , 10th Gurkha Rifles,Dhankuta, Grave Ref. VII. D. 5. Sepoy ALI GAUHAR , 11th Sikh Regiment. Rawalpindi, Grave Ref. V. D. 4. Sepoy ALI MUHAMMAD , 11th Sikh Regiment, Jhelum, Grave Ref. V. B. 6. Cook ALLAH RAKHA , Indian General Service Corps,Rawalpindi, Grave Ref. III. L. 16. Sepoy ALTAF KHAN , Royal Indian Army Service Corps,Alwar, Grave Ref. V. D. 5. Rifleman ANAND KHATTRI, 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles). Grave Ref. VII. B. 7. Sapper ARUMUGAM , 12 Field Coy., Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers and Miners. Nanjakalikurichi. Grave Ref. V. B. 2. Rifleman BAL BAHADUR ROKA, 6th Gurkha Rifles. , Grave Ref. VII. B. 5. Rifleman BAL BAHADUR THAPA, 8th Gurkha Rifles.,Tanhu, , Grave Ref. VII. D. 8. Rifleman BHAGTA SHER LIMBU , 7th Gurkha Rifles, Dhankuta, ,Grave Ref. VII. F. 1. Rifleman BHAWAN SING THAPA , 4th Prince of Wales' Own Gurkha Rifles. Gahrung, , Grave Ref. VII. C. 4. Rifleman BHIM BAHADUR CHHETRI , 6th Gurkha Rifles. Gorkha, Grave Ref. VII. C. 5. Rifleman BHUPAL THAPA , 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles). Sallyan, Grave Ref. VII. E. 4. Rifleman BIR BAHADUR SUNWAR , 7th Gurkha Rifles. Ramechhap, Grave Ref. VII. F. 8. Rifleman BIR BAHADUR THAPA, 8th Gurkha Rifles, Palpa, Grave Ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Cf/Tl Nfld%Fg] T]Hgf/Fo)F Nfdl%Fg] #D{N Fn Nfdl%Fg] Cf/Tl Zdf
    खुला प्रलतयोलगतात्मक परीक्षाको वीकृ त नामावली वबज्ञापन नं. : २०७७/७८/३२ (गण्डकी प्रदेश) तह : ३ पदः कलनष्ठ सहायक (गो쥍ड टेटर) रोल नं. उ륍मेदवारको नाम उ륍मेदवारको नाम (देवनागललरंगीमा ) सम्륍मललत हुन चाहेको समूह थायी म्ि쥍ला थायी न. पा. / गा.वव.स बािेको नाम बाबुको नाम 1 AARAI LAMICHHANE cf/tL nfld%fg] Female ख쥍ु ला, महिला Parvat Thulipokhari t]hgf/fo)f nfdL%fg] #d{nfn nfdL%fg] 2 AARATI SHARMA cf/tL zdf{ Female ख쥍ु ला, महिला Syangja AADHIKHOLA GANU PALIKA wgklt kfWof ob'/fd kf}*]n 3 AARATI KAFLE आरती काफ्ले Female ख쥍ु ला, महिला Syangja Bheerkot डिल्लीराम काफ्ले खेम नारायण काफ्ले 4 AASHISH NEPALI cflzif g]kfnL Male ख쥍ु ला Kaski Pokhara k")f{ axfb"/ g]kfnL /fdfsfGt g]kfnL ;fsL{ 5 AASISH POUDEL आडिि पौिेल Male ख쥍ु ला Syangja Adhikhola t"n;L/fd pkfWofo lgns)& kf}*]n 6 ABHIMANYU ADHIKARI cledGo" clwsf/L Male ख쥍ु ला Kathmandu kavresthali lnnfgfy clwsf/L ch{"g clwsf/L 7 ABHISHEK ADHIKARI अडिषेक अडिकारी Male ख쥍ु ला Tanahu Bhanu बम बहादरु अडिकारी चन्द ् बहादरु अडिकारी 8 ABISHMA PATHAK ROKA cfljidf kf&s /f]sf Female ख쥍ु ला, महिला Baglung Baglung v*fgGb kf&s b"uf{ k|;fb kf&s 9 ACHAL PARAJULI cf+rn k/fh"nL Female ख쥍ु ला, महिला Kaski Pokhara r]t eQm k/fh"nL k|]d /fh k/fh"nL 10 ADARSHA DEVKOTA cfbz{ b]jsf]^f Male ख쥍ु ला, अपा敍ग Surkhet gurbakot municipality gf/fo)f h};L dfb] h};L 11 AGENDRA BAHADUR KARKI Pu]Gb| axfb"/ sfsL{ Male ख쥍ु ला, अपा敍ग Parsa Parsagadhi s)f{ axfb"/ sfsL{ ^]s axxfb"/ sfsL{ 12 AJAY RAM अजय राम Male ख쥍ु ला, अपा敍ग Rautahat V.D.C Dumariya (M.) िदई महरा रामचन्र महरा 13 AJAYA MOKTAN अजय मोक्तान Male ख쥍ु ला, आहिवासी / जनजाति Sindhuli Ranichuri
    [Show full text]
  • Cg";"Lr–1 S.N. Application ID User ID Roll No बिज्ञापन नं. तह पद उम्मेदव
    cg";"lr–1 S.N. Application ID User ID Roll No बिज्ञापन नं. तह पद उ륍मेदवारको नाम लऱगं जꅍम लमतत सम्륍मलऱत हुन चाहेको समूह थायी न. पा. / गा.वव.स-थायी वडा नं, थायी म्ज쥍ऱा नागररकता नं. 1 85994 478714 24001 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager ANIL NIROULA Male 2040/01/09 खलु ा Biratnagar-5, Morang 43588 2 86579 686245 24002 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager ARJUN SHRESTHA Male 2037/08/01 खलु ा Bhadrapur-13, Jhapa 1180852 3 28467 441223 24003 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager ARUN DHUNGANA Male 2041/12/17 खलु ा Myanglung-2, Tehrathum 35754 4 34508 558226 24004 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager BALDEV THAPA Male 2036/03/24 खलु ा Sikre-7, Nuwakot 51203 5 69018 913342 24005 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager BHAKTA BAHADUR KHATRI CHATRI Male 2038/12/25 खलु ा PUTALI BAZAR-14, Syangja 49247 6 89502 290954 24006 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager BIKAS GIRI Male 2034/03/15 खलु ा Kathmandu-31, Kathmandu 586/4042 7 6664 100010 24007 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager DINESH GAUTAM Male 2036/03/11 खलु ा Nepalgunj-12, Banke 839 8 62381 808488 24008 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager DINESH OJHA Male 2036/12/15 खलु ा Biratnagar Metropolitan-12, Morang 1175483 9 89472 462485 24009 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager GAGAN SINGH GHIMIRE Male 2033/04/26 खलु ा MAIDAN-3, Arghakhanchi 11944/3559 10 89538 799203 24010 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager GANESH KHATRI Male 2028/07/25 खलु ा TOKHA-5, Kathmandu 4/2161 11 32901 614933 24011 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager KHIL RAJ BHATTARAI Male 2039/08/08 खलु ा Bhaktipur-6, Sarlahi 83242429 12 70620 325027 24012 24/2075/76 9 Senior Manager KRISHNA ADHIKARI Male 2038/03/23 खलु ा walling-10,
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Variation of Biomass Energy Supply and Demand in Rural Nepal
    Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF) _____________________________________________________________ Spatial variation of biomass energy supply and demand in rural Nepal Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Narayan Prasad Adhikari aus Kathmandu, Nepal Bonn 2017 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes (DAAD) Referent: Prof. Dr. Christian Borgemeister Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Peter Heck Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 20.12.2016 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bonn ABSTRACT In Nepal, the share of biomass in total energy consumption is about 88 % and of biomass for cooking and heating about 90 % in 76 % of the households. Fuelwood, crop residues and dung are the three main biomass types. The lack of an integrated biomass inventory is hindering the formulation of effective policies and programs for sustainable resource management. This study evaluates the spatial variation of biomass supply and demand for cooking and heating in Nepalese rural households in three districts representing the country’s main topographic regions lowland, hills, and mountains. The analysis is based on information from household survey, field studies, laboratory analyses, national statistics and application of GIS. Only those households adopting at least one type of biomass for cooking and heating are considered. The household survey was conducted in 240 households to evaluate biomass consumption, whereas the use of crop residues and dung is assessed in field studies in 27 households for the three seasons in 2013/14. By considering the five main staple crops (paddy, wheat, corn, millet and barley), the residues were evaluated, while cattle and buffalo were taken as a basis to assess the dung.
    [Show full text]
  • Hgr]T Gf Clej[L4 Ljsf; Cwoog ;Ldlt Hgr]
    COMMITTEE FOR THE PROMOTION OF PUBLIC AWARENESS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES - COPPADES - hgr]tgf clej[l4 ljsf; cWoog ;ldlt hgr]tgf kmf]g )^^ %@)&^( (Phone: 066-520769) URL: http://www.coppades.org.np Email: [email protected] 1 COPPADES Profile 2077 Introduction: Committee for the Promotion of Public Awareness and Development Studies (COPPADES) is an NGO working in rural Nepal established soon after the democratic revolution of 1991 in the country. According to the Institution Registration Act 2034, COPPADES was registered as an NGO in Lamjung District, Nepal, as a non-profit, non-political, non-religious organization working for the development of communities in the country. COPPADES works with its intention to become an active organization committedly working for the realization of equitable and prosperous society for all humanities. So it works for the empowerment of the people to contribute to sustainable development the communities they live in through organizational activities, activities on economic self-reliance, health, environment conservation, disaster risk reduction, expansion of ICTs and assurance of good governance. COPPADES worked across the country in about 43 districts of Nepal in bridging the digital divide until the year 2007 through Basic Computer and ICT (BCICT) Project. Once the schools began to implement the computer as integral part of their curriculum COPPADES phased out the project. Since then COPPADES has been more and more involved in environment, livelihood and tourism projects with the partnership of Lutheran World Relief (LWR), WWF/Hariyo Ban Projects and others. After the massive earthquake of April 2015, COPPADES has been working on helping the devastated communities to recover from the disaster.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosperity Through Tourists in Lamjung District: an Anthropological Outlook
    132 / Interdisciplinary Research in Education Volume 4, Issue 2, 2019 Interdisciplinary Research in Education Volume 4, Issue 2, 2019: 132-148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ire.v4i2.27936 Prosperity through Tourists in Lamjung District: An Anthropological Outlook Badri Nath Bhatta, P K Campus, Kathmandu [email protected] Abstract The study areas of anthropology have been growing day by day. Therefore, it has concerned with various parts of society such as sanitation, water supply, poverty, traditional practice, folk music, tourism etc as multidisciplinary areas. In fact, anthropology and tourism are co-evolutionary process in the path of their developments because they help each other in many ways. Traditionally, tourism and tourist are major anthropological sources of information to analyse the situation of then and present society and culture. Similarly, tourist can enjoy visiting any places by learning anthropological knowledge and findings. Methodologically, this is based on field observation, interview and other secondary sources to analyse the scenario. After the introduction of democracy in Nepal, she has been opened to outsiders. As a result, Sir Edmund Hillary as foreigner visited Nepal. Hillary with Tenzing Norgy Sherpa successfully climbed the Mount Everest in 29 May, 1953 at the first time. Then the glorious name of Nepal has become famous in the world. The tourism industries have been initiated from Thamel, Solukhumbo, Pokhara and then gradually extended in other parts of the country. Tourism at present period has popular pursuit in several parts of Nepal involving from hotel, lodge, guide, restaurant, expedition to home stay and other businesses. Lamjung has own identity in tourism perspective.
    [Show full text]