DOCSLIB.ORG

127179764.23.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

StS.SHV. Zk PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY THIRD SERIES VOL. Ill MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND THE BABINGTON PLOT mu V MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS AND THE BABINGTON PLOT Edited, from the original documents in the Public Record Office, the Yelverton MSS., and elsewhere, by JOHN HUNGERFORD POLLEN, S.J. Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable Ltd. for the Scottish History Society 1922 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION— § I. The Ban against the Prince of Orange, 1579- 1584. ...... xiii 1. Loyalty to Queen Mary, . xiii 2. Enterprises, Leagues, and Excommunication Rumours, ..... xv 3. The Ban against the Prince of Orange, 25 August 1580, . xix 4. Consequences of the ban, . xx 5. Consequences of the murder, 1584, . xxiii § II. Spies and Dupes, 1584-1585, . xxx 1. Walsingham’s political morality, . xxx 2. Thomas Morgan and Charles Paget, . xxxiii 3. Walsingham’s spies, .... xxxv 4. Dupes, ..... xliii § III. Setting the Death-trap — December 1585- January 1586, .... xlix 1. Gilbert Gifford’s first steps, . xlix 2. Thomas Phelippes, .... liii 3. The death-trap, . Ivi Note on Old and New Style in Dates, Ixiv § IV. John Ballard, 1584-1586, . Ixv 1. The Previous History of Ballard and Tyrrell, Ixvi 2. What is the value of Tyrrell’s evidence ? . Ixxii 3. A pilgrimage to Rome, March 1584- January 1585, .... Ixxiii i MARY STUART AND THE BABINGTON PLOT 4. Ballard’s character, .... Ixxviii 5. Ballard’s first steps in politics, 1585, . Ixxxi 6 Bernard Mawde, . ■ • Ixxxiv § V. Plot and Counter-plot, April 1586, . - Ixxxvii 1. A Congress at Paris,. • Ixxxvii 2. Walsingham’s agents, . • xc 3. Ballard’s plotters, . ■ xciii 4. Gilbert’s plottings, . • • c 5. The plotters disperse, § VI. Babington’s Plot, May-June 1586, . 1. Anthony Babington of Dethwick, . civ 2 Babington and Ballard, . • • cv*i 3. Consultations, . • • C1X 4. John Savage, . • cx 5. Gilbert Gifford and the conspirators, 7 June, cxi 6. Counts in the indictment on the treasons committed on 7 June, . • • cx“ 7. Gilbert and Ballard leave London, . cxvii 8. Babington’s activities, . • • cxx § VII. Mary writes to Babington, 25 June-18 July, . cxxix 1. Why she wrote, . • • cxxix 2. The letter in the post, • • cxxxi 3. Elizabeth’s orders and Gilbert’s solicita- tiftns, cxxxiii 4. Mary’s letter received and answered (? 4 to 6 July), . • • • • cxxxvi 5. Babington’s answer on its way, . • cxxxviii 6. Heading the letter, 10 July, • • cxl 7. Mary decides, 11 July, • • cx^* 8. Writing her answer, 11 July, . • cxlvi § VIII. The Catastrophe, 19 July-15 August, . cl 1. Ballard and Gifford, . • • • cl 2. Gilbert flies, 20 July, . • • clvii CONTENTS vii 3. Poley and Babington, . clx 4. Babington’s last letter to Mary, 19 July- 3 August, . clxv 5. A little comedy, .... clxvii 6. The end of the plot, 3 August-15 August, . clxviii 7. The conspirators disperse, . clxx 8. Gilbert and Mendoza (? 1-11 August), clxxiii § IX. The Coup de Grace, August 1586-February 1587, . clxxviii 1. Walsingham’s task, .... clxxviii 2. The secretaries confess, . clxxxiii 3. Queen Mary’s trial, ... cxciii 4. Mary’s protests of innocence, . cxcv 5. The execution, .... cxcviii § X. Exeunt Omnes, .... cc-ccxii THE BABINGTON PLOT CORRESPONDENCE SECTION I Secret Correspondence of Thomas Barnes, Gilbert Curll, Queen Mary, and Anthony Babington Confession of Thomas Barnes. 17 March 1588, . 3 1. Thomas Barnes to Gilbert Curll. London, 28 April 1586, ...... 5 2. Gilbert Curll to Thomas Barnes. Chartley, 20 May 1586, ... 8 3. Thomas Barnes to Queen Mary. 10 June, ? N.S., 1586, ...... 8 4. Barnaby to Curll. 'Lichfield,’ really London, 6/l6 June 1586, ...... 10 5. Gilbert Curll to Barnaby. Chartley, 19/29 June 1586, 11 5a. Queen Mary to Barnaby. Chartley, 19/29 June 1586, 13 6. Gilbert Curll to Barnaby. Chartley, 25 June/5 July 1586, ...... 14 7. Queen Mary to Anthony Babington. Chartley, 25 June/5 July 1586, . 15 viii MARY STUART AND THE BABINGTON PLOT 8. Gilbert Curll to Barnaby. Chartley, 2/12 July 1586, . 16 9- Barnaby to Gilbert Curll. ? Chartley, 10/20 July 1586, ...... 17 10. Anthony Babington to Queen Mary. ? London, ? 6/16 July 1586, . .18 11. Gilbert Curll to Barnaby. Chartley, 12/22 July 1586, 23 12. Claude Nau to Anthony Babington. Chartley, 13/23 July 1586, ...... 24 13. Gilbert Curll to Barnaby. Chartley, 17/27 July 1586, 25 14. Queen Mary to Anthony Babington. Chartley, 17/27 July 1586, ...... 26 Introduction; § 1. The authentic text, p. 26; § 2. The drafts, p. 27; § 3. The Textus Receptus, p. 29; § 4. Sus- picions, p. 31; § 5. Reasons for acceptance, p. 32; § 6. While praising the enterprise in general, Mary refuses con- sent to the murder clauses, p. 33 ; § 7. An obscure passage, p. 34 ; § 8. Contemporaneous copies, p. 35 ; § 9. Linguistic peculiarities, p. 37; The text, p, 38. 15. Anthony Babington to Queen Mary. London, 3/13 August 1586, . ... .46 16. Gilbert Curll to Barnaby. Chartley, Friday, 29 July/8 August 1586, ...... 47 SECTION II Confessions and Examinations of Anthony Babington 17. Babington’s First Confession. Ely House, 18/20 August 1586, ...... 49 § 1. First acquaintance with Mary’s party, p. 49; § 2. Ballard’s arrival, p. 52 ; § 3. Discussions, p. 54; § 4. Bab- ington leader, p. 56; § 5. Surprise of the Queen’s person, p. 57; § 6. Other conspirators, p. 58; § 7. Poley, p. 68; § 8. Lingering, p. 59 ; § 9. Gilbert revives the plot, p. 60; § 10. Details, p. 62; § 11. The correspondence, p. 63 ; § 12. Final plans, p. 66. 18. Second Examination of Anthony Babington. Ely House, 20 August 1586, . .67 CONTENTS ix 19. Third Examination of Anthony Babington. No date,. 76 20. Fourth Examination of Anthony Babington. 20 and 21 August 1586, . .77 21. Fifth Examination of Anthony Babington. No date, . 79 22. Sixth Examination of Anthony Babington. No date,. 88 23. Seventh Examination of Anthony Babington. No date, 89 24. Eighth Examination of Anthony Babington, 2 Sep- tember 1586, . .90 25. Ninth Examination of Anthony Babington. 8 Sep- tember 1586 . .96 SECTION III Letters of Gilbert Gifford 26. Gilbert Gifford to Gilbert Curll. London, 24 April 1586, . ... 99 27. Headings by Phelippes for letter from ? Gifford to Morgan. London, 24 May ? 1586, . 101 28. Gilbert Gifford to Thomas Phelippes. ? Near Chartley, 7 July 1586, . .103 29. Gilbert Gifford to Sir Francis Walsingham. London, 11 July 1586, ..... 105 30. Same to Same. London, 12 July 1586, . 109 31. Notes from three letters by Gilbert Gifford to Walsing- ham. London, ? 14, ? 15, ? 16 July 1586, . Ill 32 Same to Same. London, ? 16 July 1586, .114 33. Same to Same. London, ? 19 July 1586, . 116 34. Same to Same. London, 19 or 20 July 1586, . .117 APPENDIX TO SECTION III Gilbert Gifford’s Letters after the Plot, 1586-1590, 118 § 1. The new understanding, p. 118 ; § 2. Ordination, p. 122; § 3. Spy life in Paris, p. 123 ; § 4. In Prison, p. 126. X MARY STUART AND THE BABINGTON PLOT SECTION IV Various Writers I. Four Letters from Sir Francis Walsingham 35. Sir Francis Walsingham to Thomas Phelippes. ? Rich- mond, 2 August 1586, .... 131 36. Same to Same. ? Richmond, 3 August 1586, . 132 37. Same to Same. Richmond, 3 August 1586, . .134 38. Same to Same. Same day, .... 135 II. Extracts from the Official Record of the Trial 136 39. Examination of John Ballard. 16 and 18 August 1586, 137 40. Attestations of Babington, Nau, and Curll to Queen Mary’s Letter III. [l], 5, and 6 September 1586, . 139 41. Headings for the Bloody Letter, . 140 42 Confession of Jacques Nau. 6 September 1586, . 141 43. Examination of Gilbert Curll. 23 September 1586, . 143 44. Examination of Jacques Nau. 21 September 1586, . 144 45. Examination of Gilbert Curll. 21 September 1586, 146 46. Nau’s Regrets and Curll’s Dissuasions. 25 October 1586, . .148 III. An Order from Queen Elizabeth and Lord Burghley’s Answer 47. Queen Elizabeth’s Secretary to Lord Burghley. 15 October 1586, ..... 149 48. Lord Burghley to Sir Francis Walsingham. Burghley, 16 October 1586, . .150 IV. Father Crichton’s Memoir, 1582-1587 49. De Missione Scotica Puncta quaedam. Chambery, l6l 1, 151 English Translation, . .162 CONTENTS xi APPENDIX George Gifford’s Plot, 1583-1586, , . 169-175 Abstracts or extracts from the letters of the Nuncio Castelli, pp. 169, 170; John Baptist Taxis, pp. 169, 170; B. de Mendoza, p 170; The Nuncio Ragazzoni, p. 171; Father Hey wood, S.J., p. 171; Confession of John Savage, p. 172; Examinations of Conspirators, p. 173; Articles by Young, p. 173 ; Gilbert Gifford, p. 174 ; Father Persons, S.J., p. 175. References.—This book was entirely compiled from the original documents at the Record Office and elsewhere (below, p. ccxii), and my references were made to them. Meantime, however, the great series of Scottish and Foreign Calendars were in progress and eventually covered the whole period under review. Then seeing how very useful these Calendars are, especially the Calendar of Scottish Papers, vol. viii., edited by Mr. W. Boyd, I freely and throughout added references to it, and even where a volume number is not repeated, this vol. viii. will always be understood. Nevertheless, it would not have been scholarly to have removed the references to the manuscripts, even though for the purposes of the notes, the calendars may contain all the details required. Moreover, these references to MSS. may also be used as a secondaiy and practicable (though less expeditious) way of arriving at the calendared document. INTRODUCTION SECTION I The Ban against the Prince of Orange, 1579 to 1584. 1. Loyalty to Queen Mary. The story is told that Queen Victoria, calling once on the late Sir John Millais, took his little boy, whose face is familiar to us in more than one of the great painter’s pictures, and set him on her knee.
Recommended publications
  • MAY 2020 NEW TITLES FICTION WOLF HALL BRING up the BODIES Beautiful Hilary Mantel New Hilary Mantel

    MAY 2020 NEW TITLES FICTION WOLF HALL BRING up the BODIES Beautiful Hilary Mantel New Hilary Mantel

    MAY 2020 NEW TITLES FICTION WOLF HALL BRING UP THE BODIES Beautiful Hilary Mantel New Hilary Mantel Winner of the Man Booker Prize Jackets! Winner of the Man Booker Prize 2012 Shortlisted for the Orange Prize Winner of the 2012 Costa Book of the Year Shortlisted for the Costa Novel Award Shortlisted for the 2013 Women’s Prize for Fiction `Dizzyingly, dazzlingly good' Daily Mail ‘Simply exceptional…I envy anyone who hasn’t yet read it’ Daily Mail ‘Our most brilliant English writer’ Guardian ‘A gripping story of tumbling fury and terror’ Independent England, the 1520s. Henry VIII is on the throne, but has no on Sunday heir. Cardinal Wolsey is his chief advisor, charged with securing the divorce the pope refuses to grant. Into this With this historic win for Bring Up the Bodies, Hilary Mantel atmosphere of distrust and need comes Thomas Cromwell, becomes the first British author and the first woman to be first as Wolsey's clerk, and later his successor. awarded two Man Booker Prizes. Cromwell is a wholly original man: the son of a brutal By 1535 Thomas Cromwell is Chief Minister to Henry VIII, his blacksmith, a political genius, a briber, a charmer, a bully, a fortunes having risen with those of Anne Boleyn, the king’s man with a delicate and deadly expertise in manipulating new wife. But Anne has failed to give the king an heir, and people and events. Ruthless in pursuit of his own interests, he Cromwell watches as Henry falls for plain Jane Seymour. is as ambitious in his wider politics as he is for himself.
  • Mary Stuart and Elizabeth 1 Notes for a CE Source Question Introduction

    Mary Stuart and Elizabeth 1 Notes for a CE Source Question Introduction

    Mary Stuart and Elizabeth 1 Notes for a CE Source Question Introduction Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) Mary was the daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise. She became Queen of Scotland when she was six days old after her father died at the Battle of Solway Moss. A marriage was arranged between Mary and Edward, only son of Henry VIII but was broken when the Scots decided they preferred an alliance with France. Mary spent a happy childhood in France and in 1558 married Francis, heir to the French throne. They became king and queen of France in 1559. Francis died in 1560 of an ear infection and Mary returned to Scotland a widow in 1561. During Mary's absence, Scotland had become a Protestant country. The Protestants did not want Mary, a Catholic and their official queen, to have any influence. In 1565 Mary married her cousin and heir to the English throne, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. The marriage was not a happy one. Darnley was jealous of Mary's close friendship with her secretary, David Rizzio and in March 1566 had him murdered in front of Mary who was six months pregnant with the future James VI and I. Darnley made many enemies among the Scottish nobles and in 1567 his house was blown up. Darnley's body was found outside in the garden, he had been strangled. Three months later Mary married the chief suspect in Darnley’s murder, the Earl of Bothwell. The people of Scotland were outraged and turned against her.
  • Download Brochure

    Download Brochure

    1 2 RELAX. YOU’VE FOUND THE PERFECT PLACE FOR FAMILY LIVING. St Mary’s Place offers a pair of stunning semi- The area has many fee paying schools including ACS detached homes in the highly desirable area of International in Cobham and the highly regarded Oatlands in Weybridge, Surrey. independent St George’s College in Weybridge. The area is also noted for its excellent state schools, Each home is luxuriously appointed and meticulously which include Manby Lodge Infants School, St James designed for modern family living. CE Primary School, Cleves School, Oatlands School Oatlands, less than a mile from the town centre of and Heathside School. Weybridge, is a sought after location named after the Concept Developments take great care to create Royal Tudor and Stuart, Oatlands Palace. designs that bring together the best of classic and St Mary’s Place is perfectly positioned for commuting contemporary style. Our dedicated interiors company, into London and ideal for enjoying riverside walks, Concept Interiors, bring a unique touch of luxury; rural adventures, and all that this family friendly town sophisticated and beautiful designs featuring on-trend has to offer. interiors, and a superb quality finish. inspire | design | build 3 WELCOME TO YOUR NEW HOME TIMELESS YET ON TREND. CLASSIC YET CONTEMPORARY. THE BEAUTY IS IN THE DETAIL AT ST. MARY’S ROAD. One thing you’ll notice with a Concept The lower ground floor forms the informal hub of Developments property, is the attention to detail. the family home comprising a grand open-plan The difference is evident from the moment you enter kitchen with a breakfast bar and family room through the private gates.
  • Oatlands Palace

    Oatlands Palace

    Oatlands Palace King Henry VIII owned lots of palaces near London. One of the most famous is Hampton Court Palace. Did you know that Henry had a palace in Elmbridge too? It was called Oatlands Palace and it was ENORMOUS! Most houses in Tudor times were built of wood or straw, but Oatlands palace was built of stone. Why do you think this was? Who lived in Oatlands Palace? Oatlands Palace was built by King Henry VIII almost 500 years ago! Henry loved building palaces and he used them to hold huge parties for his entire court. He had so many palaces he couldn’t use them all! So he started building them for other people. He built Oatlands palace for his wife, Anne of Cleves. Henry married lots of times. Do you know how many wives he had? Count the pictures below to find out! History Detectives So where is their enormous palace? Oatlands palace was built in Weybridge! It was knocked down hundreds of years ago, but bits of it can still be seen. Next time you are in Weybridge see if you can spot this gate. It used to be part of the palace! Henry did not live at Oatlands palace. He would travel to Oatlands when he wanted a break from busy London. Help Henry find his way tto Oatlands Palace! Patterns from the Palace One of the most exciting things we have found at Oatlands palace are floor tiles. They are covered in beautiful patterns. Here are some pictures of the tiles from Oatlands Palace.
  • Historical Ciphers • A

    Historical Ciphers • A

    ECE 646 - Lecture 6 Required Reading • W. Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Chapter 2, Classical Encryption Techniques Historical Ciphers • A. Menezes et al., Handbook of Applied Cryptography, Chapter 7.3 Classical ciphers and historical development Why (not) to study historical ciphers? Secret Writing AGAINST FOR Steganography Cryptography (hidden messages) (encrypted messages) Not similar to Basic components became modern ciphers a part of modern ciphers Under special circumstances modern ciphers can be Substitution Transposition Long abandoned Ciphers reduced to historical ciphers Transformations (change the order Influence on world events of letters) Codes Substitution The only ciphers you Ciphers can break! (replace words) (replace letters) Selected world events affected by cryptology Mary, Queen of Scots 1586 - trial of Mary Queen of Scots - substitution cipher • Scottish Queen, a cousin of Elisabeth I of England • Forced to flee Scotland by uprising against 1917 - Zimmermann telegram, America enters World War I her and her husband • Treated as a candidate to the throne of England by many British Catholics unhappy about 1939-1945 Battle of England, Battle of Atlantic, D-day - a reign of Elisabeth I, a Protestant ENIGMA machine cipher • Imprisoned by Elisabeth for 19 years • Involved in several plots to assassinate Elisabeth 1944 – world’s first computer, Colossus - • Put on trial for treason by a court of about German Lorenz machine cipher 40 noblemen, including Catholics, after being implicated in the Babington Plot by her own 1950s – operation Venona – breaking ciphers of soviet spies letters sent from prison to her co-conspirators stealing secrets of the U.S. atomic bomb in the encrypted form – one-time pad 1 Mary, Queen of Scots – cont.
  • Shift Cipher

    Shift Cipher

    Transposition Ciphers - ANSWERS Caesar Shift Cipher Assignment 1 CONTINUE TO ENCIPHER THIS MESSAGE YOU NEED TO REPLACE FRQWLQXH WR HQFLSKHU WKLV PHVVDJH BRX QHHG WR UHSODFH EACH LETTER USING THE CIPHER GRID HDFK OHWWHU XVLQJ WKH FLSKHU JULG A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C Using the same grid decipher the following – remember to decipher from the lower grid to the upper. Assignment 2 JHQLXV LV RQH SHU FHQW LQVSLUDWLRQ DQG QLQHWB QLQH SHU FHQW SHUVSLUDWLRQ TXRWH IURP WKRPDV HGLVRQ ‘Genius is one per cent inspiration and ninety nine per cent perspiration’ quote from Thomas Edison Shift Cipher Similar to the example above, can you crack the cipher? How much does it shift? To find the Caesar Shift on the computer click on the question mark on the homepage Then select Caesar Shift - Copy the text into the right hand side box and decipher – Try different shift values until the message makes sense. 1 Assignment 3 RCTQCA KIMAIZ AMVB BPM NQZAB SVWEV MVKQXPMZML UMAAIOMA NWZ UQTQBIZG XCZXWAMA PM LQL QB QV I AGABMUIBQK EIG JG APQNBQVO BPM ITXPIJMB NWZEIZL BPZMM XTIKMA BPQA XZWDML ZMTIBQDMTG MIAG BW LMKQXPMZ ZMXTIKQVO MIKP TMBBMZ EQBP WVM BPZMM XTIKMA JIKSEIZLA LQNNMZMVB KIMAIZ APQNBA KQXPMZA MFQAB JG UWDQVO I LQNNMZMVB VCUJMZ WN XTIKMA QN GWCZ MVMUG QVBMZKMXBML GWCZ UMAAIOM QB EIA VWB BWW LQNNQKCTB NWZ BPMU BW LMKQXPMZ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H Julius Caesar sent the first known enciphered messages, for military purposes.
  • Shakespeare, Middleton, Marlowe

    Shakespeare, Middleton, Marlowe

    UNTIMELY DEATHS IN RENAISSANCE DRAMA UNTIMELY DEATHS IN RENAISSANCE DRAMA: SHAKESPEARE, MIDDLETON, MARLOWE By ANDREW GRIFFIN, M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University ©Copyright by Andrew Griffin, July 2008 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2008) McMaster University (English) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Untimely Deaths in Renaissance Drama: Shakespeare, Middleton, Marlowe AUTHOR: Andrew Griffin, M.A. (McMaster University), B.A. (Queen's University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Helen Ostovich NUMBER OF PAGES: vi+ 242 ii Abstract In this dissertation, I read several early modem plays - Shakespeare's Richard II, Middleton's A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, and Marlowe's Dido, Queene ofCarthage ­ alongside a variety of early modem historiographical works. I pair drama and historiography in order to negotiate the question of early modem untimely deaths. Rather than determining once and for all what it meant to die an untimely death in early modem England, I argue here that one answer to this question requires an understanding of the imagined relationship between individuals and the broader unfolding of history by which they were imagined to be shaped, which they were imagined to shape, or from which they imagined to be alienated. I assume here that drama-particularly historically-minded drama - is an ideal object to consider when approaching such vexed questions, and I also assume that the problematic of untimely deaths provides a framework in which to ask about the historico-culturally specific relationships that were imagined to obtain between subjects and history. While it is critically commonplace to assert that early modem drama often stages the so-called "modem" subject, I argue here that early modem visions of the subject are often closely linked to visions of that subject's place in the world, particularly in the world that is recorded by historiographers as a world within and of history.
  • Nonsuch Palace

    Nonsuch Palace

    MARTIN BIDDLE who excavated Nonsuch ONSUCH, ‘this which no equal has and its Banqueting House while still an N in Art or Fame’, was built by Henry undergraduate at Pembroke College, * Palace Nonsuch * VIII to celebrate the birth in 1537 of Cambridge, is now Emeritus Professor of Prince Edward, the longed-for heir to the Medieval Archaeology at Oxford and an English throne. Nine hundred feet of the Emeritus Fellow of Hertford College. His external walls of the palace were excavations and other investigations, all NONSUCH PALACE decorated in stucco with scenes from with his wife, the Danish archaeologist classical mythology and history, the Birthe Kjølbye-Biddle, include Winchester Gods and Goddesses, the Labours of (1961–71), the Anglo-Saxon church and Hercules, the Arts and Virtues, the Viking winter camp at Repton in The Material Culture heads of many of the Roman emperors, Derbyshire (1974–93), St Albans Abbey and Henry VIII himself looking on with and Cathedral Church (1978, 1982–4, the young Edward by his side. The 1991, 1994–5), the Tomb of Christ in of a Noble Restoration Household largest scheme of political propaganda the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (since ever created for the English crown, the 1989), and the Church on the Point at stuccoes were a mirror to show Edward Qasr Ibrim in Nubia (1989 and later). He the virtues and duties of a prince. is a Fellow of the British Academy. Edward visited Nonsuch only once as king and Mary sold it to the Earl of Martin Biddle Arundel. Nonsuch returned to the crown in 1592 and remained a royal house until 1670 when Charles II gave the palace and its park to his former mistress, Barbara Palmer, Duchess of Cleveland.
  • The True Executor of the Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots," Constructing the Past: Vol

    The True Executor of the Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots," Constructing the Past: Vol

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital Commons @ Illinois Wesleyan University Constructing the Past Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 4 2005 The rT ue Executor of the Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots Melissa Koeppen Illinois Wesleyan University Recommended Citation Koeppen, Melissa (2005) "The True Executor of the Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots," Constructing the Past: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol6/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History Department at Digital Commons @ IWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Constructing the Past by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ IWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. The rT ue Executor of the Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots Abstract This paper examines the culpability of Elizabeth and her Councillors in the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, the woman who threatened to take Elizabeth's throne and life away from her. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol6/iss1/4 Constrocting the Post Constrocting the Post The True Executor of the Execution ofMary, Queen of Scots oath signed by thousands of Englishmen.5 It was primarily the work ofWalsingham and By Melissa Koeppen Burghley.6 Both these men saw Mary as the clear cause of Elizabeth's problems.? The Councillors went so far as to condemn Mary and to pledge to refuse to "accept or favor any such This paper examines the culpability ofElizabeth and her Councillors in the execution ofMary, pretended successor, by whom or for whom any such detestable act shall be attempted or Queen ofScots, the woman who threatened to take Elizabeth's throne and life away from her.
  • Troubles at Home and Abroad

    Troubles at Home and Abroad

    Troubles at home and abroad Key terms: Elizabeth’s posion was always very vulnerable and her instability was Why was Elizabeth’s excommunicaon a CALVINIST ‐ Protestants who followed the closely ed up with religious disagreements. For some, Elizabeth was an turning point? teachings of John Calvin illegimate HERETIC who had no right to be Queen of England. She man‐ Elizabeth was declared a herec. The bull aged to antagonise both Catholics and Protestants at home. Meanwhile, CHAPLAIN—a clergyman aached to the released Elizabeth’s subjects from allegiance dangerous plots constantly revolved around her Catholic cousin, Mary, private chapel of a prominent person to her—they no longer obeyed her. It en‐ Queen of Scots. Eventually, the momentous decision was taken to have couraged Catholic states, such as France and EPISCOPAL—a Church hierarchy struc‐ Mary executed. In 1588, in the aermath of Mary’s dramac death, the Spain to believe they could wage a holy war tured around bishops. Spanish launched their famous Armada, which threatened to destroy Eliza‐ on England. It encouraged further plots HERETIC—a person who did not follow the beth and England forever. Elizabeth’s posion as Queen was therefore against Elizabeth, centred around Mary official religion of the country. always fragile. Queen of Scots. It also led to more severe HUGUENOT—A French Protestant. They treatment of English Catholics. suffered severe persecuon and many fled Why was Mary Queen of Scots arrival in to England. Key individuals: England so important? JESUIT—Roman Catholic missionary Mary, Queen of Scots –Henry VIIs great– granddaughter, Elizabeth’s It led to the following plots: priests second cousin, Catholic and with a strong claim to the throne.
  • Early Elizabethan England Revision Booklet NAME:______

    Early Elizabethan England Revision Booklet NAME:______

    Early Elizabethan England Revision Booklet NAME:____________ Contents Tick when complete Topic 1 • How did Elizabeth’s Early Life affect her later decisions? p 2-3 What were the • What were the threats to Elizabeth’s succession? P 3-5 early threats to • How did Elizabeth govern? P6 Elizabeth’s reign? • What was the Religious Settlement? 7-10 • How serious was the Puritan Challenge? P 11-12 • Why was Mary Queen of Scots a Threat 1858-1868? p 12-13 • Knowledge and Exam Question Checklist p 14 Topic 2 • What were the causes of the Revolt of the Northern Earls p15-16 What were the Catholic • Which Plot was the greatest threat to Elizabeth? P 17-19 Plots that threatened • Why was Mary Queen of Scots executed in 1587? P20-21 Elizabeth? Why did England go to War with • Why did England go to war with Spain in 1585? p22-24 Spain in 1585? Why was • Why was the Spanish Armada defeated in 1588? p24-26 the Armada defeated in • Knowledge and Exam Question Checklist p 27 1588? Topic 3 • Why did poverty increase in Elizabethan England? p28-29 Elizabethan Society in • Why were Elizabethans so scared of Vagabonds? p30-33 the Age of exploration • Why did Drake and Raleigh go on voyages around the world and what did they discover? p33-36 • Why did the Virginia colonies fail? p37-40 • Was there a Golden Age for all Elizabethans? P41-43 • Knowledge and Exam Question Checklist p 44 Quizzes • Topic 1 p 45-46 • Topic 2 p 47-48 • Topic 3 p 49-50 Learning Ladder • 16 mark p 51 • 12 mark p 52 • 4 mark p 53 1 Topic 1 pages 2-14 How did Elizabeth’s Early Life affect her later decisions? 1.
  • Printing Discovered and Intercepted Letters in England, 1571–1600

    Printing Discovered and Intercepted Letters in England, 1571–1600

    Propaganda, Patriotism, and News: Printing Discovered and Intercepted Letters In England, 1571–1600 GARY SCHNEIDER University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley Abstract: In this article I propose that the relatively few intercepted and discovered letters printed during the reign of Elizabeth I fall chiefly into three categories: they were published as propaganda, as patriotic statement, and as news reportage. Although Elizabeth and her ministers published intercepted and discovered letters on a strictly ad hoc and contingent basis, the pamphlets and books in which these letters appear, along with associated ideo- logical and polemical material, reveals determined uses of intercepted and discovered let- ters in print. Catholics likewise printed intercepted letters as propaganda to confront Eliz- abeth’s anti-Catholic policies through their own propaganda apparatus on the continent. Intercepted letters were also printed less frequently to encourage religious and state patri- otism, while other intercepted letters were printed solely as new reportage with no overt ideological intent. Because intercepted and discovered letters, as bearers of secret infor- mation, were understood to reveal sincere intention and genuine motivation, all of the pub- lications assessed here demonstrate that such letters not only could be used as effective tools to shape cultural perceptions, but could also be cast as persuasive written testimony, as legal proof and as documentary authentication. he years of the English civil wars are the ones usually associated with