Mind the Uppercase Letters
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Military History Anniversaries 01 Thru 14 Feb
Military History Anniversaries 01 thru 14 Feb Events in History over the next 14 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests Feb 01 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Davidson College Namesake Killed at Cowan’s Ford » American Brigadier General William Lee Davidson dies in combat attempting to prevent General Charles Cornwallis’ army from crossing the Catawba River in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Davidson’s North Carolina militia, numbering between 600 and 800 men, set up camp on the far side of the river, hoping to thwart or at least slow Cornwallis’ crossing. The Patriots stayed back from the banks of the river in order to prevent Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tartleton’s forces from fording the river at a different point and surprising the Patriots with a rear attack. At 1 a.m., Cornwallis began to move his troops toward the ford; by daybreak, they were crossing in a double-pronged formation–one prong for horses, the other for wagons. The noise of the rough crossing, during which the horses were forced to plunge in over their heads in the storm-swollen stream, woke the sleeping Patriot guard. The Patriots fired upon the Britons as they crossed and received heavy fire in return. Almost immediately upon his arrival at the river bank, General Davidson took a rifle ball to the heart and fell from his horse; his soaked corpse was found late that evening. Although Cornwallis’ troops took heavy casualties, the combat did little to slow their progress north toward Virginia. -
The London Gazette
tftnmb 37655 SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the i6th of JULY, 1946 by Registered as a newspaper WEDNESDAY, 17 JULY, 1946 The War Office,' July, 1946 OPERATIONS OF EAST AFRICA COMMAND, I2TH JULY, 1941 TO 8xH JANUARY, 1943 The following Despatch was submitted on area where General Nasi's forces were still March, 1943, to the Secretary of State for holding out, organised resistance in Ethiopia War by LIEUT.-GENERAL SIR WILLIAM had ceased prior to my predecessor's last PLATT, G.B.E., K.C.B., D.S.O., General despatch which dealt with operations up to the Officer Commanding in Chief, East Africa nth of July, 1941. Command. Although military opposition by .Italian On I5th September, 1941, East Africa Force forces had been almost eliminated, the main- as part of. Middle East Forces was abolished tenance of law and order over more than half and replaced by East Africa Command directly a million square miles of conquered territory under the War Office, covering the territories presented no small problem. The country was from Eritrea in the North to the Zambesi in armed from North to South and from East to the South. My predecessor Lieut.-General Sir West, with rifles, ammunition, grenades and Alan Cunningham, K.C.B., D.S.O., M.C., many automatics. More than 20,000 rifles, left East Africa on 29th August, 1941, to with over 20 million rounds of ammunition had assume command of the Eighth Army in been pumped into Ethiopia from the Sudan Middle East. Until my arrival on 5th Decem- alone to aid the Patriots in their revolt against ber, 1941, Major-General H. -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. THE STORY BEHIND THE STORIES British and Dominion War Correspondents in the Western Theatres of the Second World War Brian P. D. Hannon Ph.D. Dissertation The University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology March 2015 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ………………………………………………………………………….. 4 Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………… 5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 6 The Media Environment ……………...……………….……………………….. 28 What Made a Correspondent? ……………...……………………………..……. 42 Supporting the Correspondent …………………………………….………........ 83 The Correspondent and Censorship …………………………………….…….. 121 Correspondent Techniques and Tools ………………………..………….......... 172 Correspondent Travel, Peril and Plunder ………………………………..……. 202 The Correspondents’ Stories ……………………………….………………..... 241 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………. 273 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………...... 281 Appendix …………………………………………...………………………… 300 3 ABSTRACT British and Dominion armed forces operations during the Second World War were followed closely by a journalistic army of correspondents employed by various media outlets including news agencies, newspapers and, for the first time on a large scale in a war, radio broadcasters. -
SUPPLEMENT to the LONDON GAZETTE, I MARCH, 1945 1187
SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON GAZETTE, i MARCH, 1945 1187 No. 4853690 Sergeant Edward Lancaster, The Sher- R.T.R. wood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Maj. (Actg.) J. K. Maclean, M.B.E. (70652). Regiment). N 7887697 Sgt. E. Burgess O. 33*3146 Private 'James Martin- Stewart,'The 7886585 Sgt. D. Hopwood. Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders. 7881862 Tpr. A. Morton. No. T 7204350 Driver John William Jones, Royal 7908718 Tpr. A. Prosser. Army Service Corps. 7906882 Tpr. T. J. Stanger. No. T 72930097 Driver John Sloan, Royal Army 7910320 Tpr. L. W. 'Welch. Service Corps. No. 3656342 Private Sydney Golthorpe, Royal Army' yd C.L.Y. Ordnance Corps. Lt. R. P. Phillips (45237). No. 835312 -Private William Cullen, Royal Army 7887790 Sgt. (Actg.) C. C. Medlar. Ordnance Corps. No. 3912024 Private Clifford Ralph Studley, Royal Royal Regiment of Artillery: Army Ordnance Corps. Maj. (temp.) C. C. Garthwaite (44075). No- 7589915 Staff-Sergeant Harold Edward Hewett," Lt. G. W. Hales (214747). Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. I485383 Sgt. W. H. Swan. No. 7612882 Craftsman. Wilfrid George Beeson,' 906069 Bdr. H. C. Brown. Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. 904661 Bdr. D. K. Jones. No. 1492720 Private David 'Tom Davies, Royal 1485519 Lce.-Bdr. W. Johnston. Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. 849443 Gnr. M. Bennett. No. 2077664. Private John Robert Dolan, Royal 10740*6 Gnr. A. W. Evans. Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. 4975744 Gnr. L. Hack. No. 7590116 Craftsman John Orritt, Royal 1649077 Gnr. W. Herrity. Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. 1648031 Gnr. L. M. Hiscocks. No. 7912134 Private Norman Frederick Moore, Royal 990026 Gnr. -
Winning Hearts and Minds? Examining the Relationship Between Aid and Security in Kenya Mark Bradbury and Michael Kleinman ©2010 Feinstein International Center
A PR I L 2 0 1 0 Strengthening the humanity and dignity of people in crisis through knowledge and practice Winning Hearts and Minds? Examining the Relationship Between Aid and Security in Kenya Mark Bradbury and Michael Kleinman ©2010 Feinstein International Center. All Rights Reserved. Fair use of this copyrighted material includes its use for non-commercial educational purposes, such as teaching, scholarship, research, criticism, commentary, and news reporting. Unless otherwise noted, those who wish to reproduce text and image files from this publication for such uses may do so without the Feinstein International Center’s express permission. However, all commercial use of this material and/or reproduction that alters its meaning or intent, without the express permission of the Feinstein International Center, is prohibited. Feinstein International Center Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4800 Medford, MA 02155 USA tel: +1 617.627.3423 fax: +1 617.627.3428 fic.tufts.edu Acknowledgements The report has been written by Mark Bradbury and Michael Kleinman, who take responsibility for its contents and conclusions. We wish to thank our co-researchers Halima Shuria, Hussein A. Mahmoud, and Amina Soud for their substantive contribution to the research process. Andrew Catley, Lynn Carter, and Jan Bachmann provided insightful comments on a draft of the report. Dawn Stallard’s editorial skills made the report more readable. For reasons of confidentiality, the names of some individuals interviewed during the course of the research have been withheld. We wish to acknowledge and thank all of those who gave their time to be interviewed for the study. -
Australians at the First Battle of El Alamein
Road to Ruin: The 9th Australian Division and the First Battle of El Alamein, July 1942. Nicole Townsend Abstract Throughout July 1942, the Allies made numerous attempts to break through the Axis lines at El Alamein, however, these operations were largely unsuccessful and failed to achieve a decisive victory. On 27 July, a final assault against enemy lines was launched with the aim of capturing the key feature of Miteiriya Ridge, commonly referred to as Ruin Ridge. Although the operation met with initial success, the operation ended in complete disaster as the British and Australian infantry involved were surrounded by German tanks and forced to surrender. During this single operation, over 1000 men were lost. The 2/28th Australian Infantry Battalion was virtually wiped out whilst the British 69th Brigade suffered casualties of more than 600 men. Using archival sources held by the Australian War Memorial, this paper analyses the disaster at Ruin Ridge to determine what went wrong. It will be argued that the failure of the operation was due largely to poor operational planning and the failure of armoured support to materialise as planned. Introduction A seemingly innocuous railway siding located approximately 100 kilometres west of the key port city of Alexandria on Egypt’s Mediterranean coast, El Alamein was the site of three key battles between July and November 1942. The 9th Australian Division played a significant role in each of the three battles, suffering particularly heavy casualties in both the first and third battles. Though the third and final battle (which the Allies would call the second battle of El Alamein) would live on in memory as the most significant, with the battle consistently heralded as a major turning point in the Mediterranean theatre, the July operations under Field Marshal Claude Auchinleck were equally significant. -
The London Gazette of TUESDAY, the 2Oth of AUGUST, 1946
ttumb, 37695 4215 The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the 2Oth of AUGUST, 1946. by flntfymtp Registered as a newspaper. WEDNESDAY, 21 AUGUST, 1946 The War Office, • August, 1946. OPERATIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 5 JULY 1941—31 OCTOBER 1941. The following despatch was submitted to the tune moment for ourselves as it prevented the Secretary of State for War on the 8th March enemy from exploiting to toe full his success 1942 by GENERAL SIR CLAUDE J. E. in the Balkans and the Aegean. AUCWNLECK, C.B., C.S.I., Q.S.O., Although there was thus no immediate threat O.B.E., A:D.C., Commdnde>r-in-Ghiief the to our (base, there was every reason to believe Middle East Forces. that in time such a threat would materialise on either flank, and il found preparations to I. On taking over command of the Middle meet this well in hand'. East Forces on the 5th July 1941 I found the general position incomparably better than it had 2. General Wavell's campaigns in Libya, been a year earlier on the collapse of France. Eritrea, Abyssinia,' Greece,' Crete, Iraq and This improvement was entirely due to the Syria had followed each other with such t>e- energy of my predecessor, General Sir •wildering rapidity and had .been undertaken with such inadequate forces and equipment that Archibald Wavell, and to his vigour in seeking a considerable degree of disorganisation in the out the enemy wherever he was to be found. Army as a whole was inevitable. Brigades had . The defeat and capture of the Italian armies perforce become separated from their divisions in East Africa had eliminated one serious and units from their brigades, while some threat to our ibases and communications, and formations, especially those of the armoured the winter offensive in Cyrenaica had resulted forces, had practically ceased to exist. -
JAH 53 3.Pdf
The Journal of African History http://journals.cambridge.org/AFH Additional services for The Journal of African History: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here THE SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF THE SHIFTA CONFLICT IN KENYA, c. 1963–8 HANNAH ALICE WHITTAKER The Journal of African History / Volume 53 / Issue 03 / November 2012, pp 391 408 DOI: 10.1017/S0021853712000448, Published online: 09 January 2013 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021853712000448 How to cite this article: HANNAH ALICE WHITTAKER (2012). THE SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF THE SHIFTA CONFLICT IN KENYA, c. 1963–8. The Journal of African History, 53, pp 391408 doi:10.1017/ S0021853712000448 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/AFH, IP address: 212.219.238.14 on 16 Jan 2013 Journal of African History, (), pp. –. © Cambridge University Press doi:./S THE SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF THE SHIFTA CONFLICT IN KENYA, c . – * BY HANNAH ALICE WHITTAKER SOAS, University of London ABSTRACT: Using a set of oral testimonies, together with military, intelligence, and administrative reports from the s, this article re-examines the shifta conflict in Kenya. The article moves away from mono-causal, nationalistic interpretations of the event, to focus instead on the underlying socioeconomic dynamics and domestic implications of the conflict. It argues that the nationalist interpretation fails to capture the diversity of participation in shifta, which was not simply made up of militant Somali nationalists, and that it fails to acknowledge the significance of an internal Kenyan conflict between a newly independent state in the process of nation building, and a group of ‘dissident’ frontier communities that were seen to defy the new order. -
From El Wak to Sidi Rezegh: the Union Defence Force's First
177 178 Scientia Militaria vol 40, no 3, 2012, pp.177-199. doi: 10.5787/40-3-1027 Keywords: South Africa, Second World War, UDF, first battles, Abyssinia, Libya From El Wak to Sidi Rezegh: The Union Defence Introduction Force’s First Experience of Battle in East and North Africa, 1940-1941 With South Africa’s economy showing an upward trend at the end of 1933, the UDF began a process of recovering from the financial and organisational Gustav Bentz restrictions imposed on it during the previous years of depression. Leading this recovery, in 1934, Oswald Pirow, Minister of Defence (1933–1939), committed himself to a yearly increase in the defence budget in order to enable the UDF to produce maximum military effectiveness and efficiency. Abstract When war was eventually declared on 7 September 1939, the principles of the Union’s policy on defence rested on three pillars. The government South Africa entered the Second World War on the side of Great Britain in committed itself to prevent and suppress internal unrest. Any military September 1939 and, in spite of extensive changes and an increased budget, involvement in this regard would be directed against “native” uprisings and the Union Defence Force (UDF) found itself in a state of war on 7 rebellions. The second area of focus was to provide military training to a September 1939 with a Permanent Force of only 5 400 men with limited section of the white male population of South Africa. This would serve, in training and antiquated equipment. While Hitler’s armies conquered the event of mobilisation, to have partially trained personnel ready for Western Europe the Springboks prepared to go North and in spite of military service.1 The next focus area of the government’s policy on defence trepidations about the might of Mussolini’s East African Empire the First was that of protection against an external threat. -
East Africa Command History & Personnel
2020 www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Author: Robert PALMER A CONCISE HISTORY OF: EAST AFRICA COMMAND (HISTORY & PERSONNEL) A concise history of the East Africa Command, a static command in the British Army covering the British colonies in East Africa between 1940 and 1950. In addition, known details of the key appointments held between 1940 and 1950 are included. Copyright ©www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk (2020) 21 January 2020 [EAST AFRICA COMMAND HISTORY & PERSONNEL] The History and Personnel of East Africa Command Version: 1_2 This edition dated: 21 January 2020 ISBN: Not yet allocated. All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means including; electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, scanning without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Author: Robert PALMER (copyright held by author) Assisted by: Stephen HEAL Published privately by: The Author – Publishing as: www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk ©www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 21 January 2020 [EAST AFRICA COMMAND HISTORY & PERSONNEL] East Africa Command Prior to the Second World War, the United Kingdom had several colonies in East Africa. They were: • Kenya; • Uganda; • British Somaliland; • Nyasaland (now Malawi); • Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia); • Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). In the Great War, a long campaign had been fought in German East Africa, and following the Armistice, that country was incorporated into the British Empire as Tanganyika (now Tanzania). Between the two world wars, responsibility for the Army in the colonies of East Africa was devolved to the individual colonies themselves. The various Army regiments in the colonies were amalgamated into the King’s African Rifles in 1902, which after the Great War was reduced to six Regular battalions. -
Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea
Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea Sebsebe Demissew Inger Nordal Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea Sebsebe Demissew Inger Nordal <PUBLISHER> <COLOPHON PAGE> Front cover: Aloe steudneri Back cover: Kniphofia foliosa Contents Preface 4 Acknowledgements 5 Introduction 7 Key to the families 40 Aloaceae 42 Asphodelaceae 110 Anthericaceae 127 Amaryllidaceae 162 Hyacinthaceae 183 Alliaceae 206 Colchicaceae 210 Iridaceae 223 Hypoxidaceae 260 Eriospermaceae 271 Dracaenaceae 274 Asparagaceae 289 Dioscoreaceae 305 Taccaceae 319 Smilacaceae 321 Velloziaceae 325 List of botanical terms 330 Literature 334 4 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Preface The publication of a modern Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea is now completed. One of the major achievements of the Flora is having a complete account of all the Mono cotyledons. These are found in Volumes 6 (1997 – all monocots except the grasses) and 7 (1995 – the grasses) of the Flora. One of the main aims of publishing the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea was to stimulate further research in the region. This challenge was taken by the authors (with important input also from Odd E. Stabbetorp) in 2003 when the first edition of ‘Flowers of Ethiopia and Eritrea: Aloes and other Lilies’ was published (a book now out of print). The project was supported through the NUFU (Norwegian Council for Higher Education’s Programme for Development Research and Education) funded Project of the University of Oslo, Department of Biology, and Addis Ababa University, National Herbarium in the Biology Department. What you have at hand is a second updated version of ‘Flowers of Ethiopia and Eritrea: Aloes and other Lilies’. -
Airpower and Ground Armies : Essays on the Evolution of Anglo-American Air Doctrine
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Airpower and ground armies : essays on the evolution of Anglo-American air doctrine. 1940- 1943/ editor, Daniel R Mortensen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Air power-Great Britain-History. 2. Air power-United States-History. 3. World War, 1939-1945- Aerial operations, British, 4. World War, 1939-1945-Aerial operations, American. 5. World War, 1939-1945-Campaigns-Africa, North. 6. Operation Torch. I. Mortensen, Daniel R. UG635.G7A89 1998 358.4’03-dc21 97-46744 CIP Digitize December 2002 from 1998 Printing NOTE: Pagination changed Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Table of Contents Page DISCLAIMER ..................................................................................................................... i FORWARD........................................................................................................................ iii ABOUT THE EDITOR .......................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. vi GETTING TOGETHER ......................................................................................................1