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Report on Strategic Environmental Assessment

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Report on Strategic Environmental Assessment Извештај о стратешкој процени утицаја Програмa остваривања The Energy Sector Development Strategy Републике Србије до 2025 са пројекцијама до 2030, за период 2017. до 2023, на животну средину REPORT ON STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA BY 2025 WITH PROJECTIONS UNTIL 2030, FOR THE PERIOD 2017–2023 Report on strategic environmental assessment for the energy sector development strategy of the Republic of Serbia by 2015 with projections until 2030, for the period 2017–2023 2 Report on strategic environmental assessment for the energy sector development strategy of the Republic of Serbia by 2015 with projections until 2030, for the period 2017–2023 C O N T E N T S INTRODUCTORY NOTES..............................................................................................................4 1. STARTING POINTS FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT................ 5 1.1. Overview of the subject, contents and objectives of the strategy and relationship to other documents.......................................................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Subject and contents of the Program………………………………………………………5 1.1.2 Objectives of the Program .................................................................................................. 8 1.1.3 Relationship to other documents ……………………………………………………….... 9 1.2 Overview of environmental quality and the current state of the environment.................................12 1.2.1. Quality of basic environmental factors.................................................................................12 1.2.2 Elements of the environment that are exposed to impacts...................................................27 1.2.2.1. Coal mines..............................................................................................................27 1.2.2.2. Thermal power plants (TPP) and combined heat and power plants (TE-TO).......................................................................................... 32 1.2.2.3. Hydroelectric power plants....................................................................................41 1.2.2.4. Oil and gas deposits.............................................................................................. 49 1.2.3 Considered issues and problems of the nature and environmental protection in the Program and reasons for omitting certain issues from the SEA………………..……….51 1.2.4. Alternative solutions………………………………………………………………….…….. 52 1.2.5 Prior consultations with authorities and organizations concerned........................................... 53 2. GENERAL AND SPECIAL OBJECTIVES OF THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF INDICATORS.......................... 54 2.1 General and special SEA objectives……………………………………………………………….54 2.2 Selection of indicators..................................................................................................................... 54 3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...........................................................................58 3.1 Evaluation of characteristics and significance of effects of strategic commitments...................... 58 3.2 Summary of significant strategic impacts........................................................................................ 83 3.3 Cumulative and synergistic environmental effects assessment....................................................... 84 3.4 Description of guidelines for preventing and mitigating negative impacts and maximizing positive impacts on the environment..............................................................................85 3.4.1 General guidelines.................................................................................................................. 86 3.4.2 Guidelines for important projects envisaged in the Program................................................. 86 4. GUIDELINES FOR UNDERTAKING THE SEA AT LOWER HIERARCHICAL LEVELS............................................................................................................92 5. PROGRAM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM................................................................................94 5.1. Description of Program objectives................................................................................................. 94 5.2. Indicators for environmental monitoring.........................................................................................95 5.3 Rights and Obligations of Competent Authorities.......................................................................... 100 6. OVERVIEW OF THE USED METHODOLOGY........................................................................102 7. OVERVIEW OF DECISION-MAKING METHODS...................................................................104 8. OVERVIEW OF CONCLUSIONS OF THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT.............................................................................105 3 Report on strategic environmental assessment for the energy sector development strategy of the Republic of Serbia by 2015 with projections until 2030, for the period 2017–2023 INTRODUCTORY NOTES Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is an assessment of the possible impacts that a proposed project and program may have on the environment, and the specification of measures for prevention, minimization, mitigation, remediation or compensation of adverse effects on the environment and human health. The SEA implementation in planning gives the scope for considering the changes occurring in space, also taking into account the needs of the subject environment п the needs of the subject environment. Within the SEA, all activities envisaged in the plan are critically considered from environmental aspects, after which a decision is made on whether to implement the plan and under which conditions, or whether to abandon the planned activities. Planning implies development, while a strategy for sustainable development requires environmental protection. In this context, the strategic environmental assessment is an unavoidable instrument for achieving the sustainable development objectives. The SEA integrates socio–economic components with components of biophysical environment, links, analyzes and assesses the activities in different spheres of interest, as well as directs policy, plans or programs towards solutions which are primarily of environmental interest. It is an instrument which helps in integrating the objectives with principles of sustainable development when making decisions about spatial planning, thereby taking into account the need to avoid or limit negative environmental effects on health and socio-economic status of population. The significance of the SEA lies in the fact that it: Includes the aspect of sustainable development in addressing the causes of environmental problems in their source, Addresses the issues and impacts of wider significance, which do not deal with individual projects, for example – cumulative and synergistic effects, Helps in checking the suitability of different alternative development concepts, Avoids limitations occurring in carrying out an environmental impact assessment for already defined projects, Ensures location compatibility of planned solutions from environmental aspects, Establishes an appropriate context for impact analysis of specific projects, including prior identification of problems and impacts for which a more detailed analysis is needed, etc. In domestic planning practice, the SEA is introduced by the Law on Environmental Protection (“Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, Nos. 135/2004, 36/09, 72/09, 43/11 and 14/16). Pursuant to Article 35 of this Law, Strategic environmental assessment shall be carried out for strategies, plans, programs and principles in the domain of spatial and urban planning or land use, agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, energy, industry, transport, waste management, water resources management, telecommunications, tourism, infrastructural systems, protection of natural and cultural resources, flora and fauna and their habitats etc. and shall be an integral part of the plan, program or principle". The Report on Strategic Environmental Assessment has been prepared based on the Decision on producing the strategic environmental assessment of the Program for implementing the Energy Sector Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia by 2025 with projections until 2030, for the period 2017–2023 (hereinafter referred to as the “Program”), made by the Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia (No.: 312-01-00493/2016-06 of 9th June 2016). 4 Report on strategic environmental assessment for the energy sector development strategy of the Republic of Serbia by 2015 with projections until 2030, for the period 2017–2023 1. STARTING POINTS FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Pursuant to Article 13 of the Law on Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (“Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, Nos. 135/2004 and 88/2010), the starting points for the SEA include: Brief overview of contents and objectives of the Program and relationship of the Strategy to other plans and programs; Overview of environmental quality and the current state of the environment in the area encompassed by the Report, Characteristics of the environment in the fields in which it can be exposed to significant impacts, Consideration
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