– WELCOME TO – Pennsylvania Wine Land Three hundred years ago, William Penn planted a vineyard. From that vineyard, grew an industry - with more than 300 licensed wineries producing more than a million gallons of wine each year (that’s more than 5 million bottles).

Total Economic Impact of the Wine & Grape Industry in PA $1,423,950,178

Total Tax Impact $169,802,362

Wine and grape industry in PA directly creates 9,677 jobs generating $390.2 million in wages

Pennsylvania is 5th in wine production in the U.S.

More than 2 million visitors to PA wineries annually, generate $476.5 million in tourism revenue

SOURCE: Accompanying 2018 Economic Impact Study of the Pennsylvania Wine & Grape Industries prepared for the Pennsylvania Winery Association by John Dunham & Associates

The Pennsylvania Winery Association is a non-profit trade association representing more than 135 member wineries and an advocate on behalf of the state’s growing wine industry. To learn more about Pennsylvania wine or to plan a trip, go to PENNSYLVANIAWINE.COM

2018 Economic Impact Study of the Pennsylvania Wine & Grape Industries

Prepared for:

By

John Dunham & Associates

March 28, 2019

Table of Contents Executive Summary ...... 2 Economic Impact Results ...... 4 Study Methodology ...... 11 Comparisons with Prior Studies ...... 18 About John Dunham & Associates ...... 20

1

Executive Summary

The 2018 Pennsylvania Wine & Grape Economic Impact Study estimates the economic contributions made by the wine and grape industries to the Pennsylvania economy in 2018. John Dunham & Associates (JDA) conducted this research, which was funded by the Pennsylvania Winery Association (PWA). This work used standard econometric models first developed by the U.S. Forest Service, and now maintained by IMPLAN Group, LLC. Data came from PWA, additional industry sources, government publications, and Infogroup.1

The study defines the Wine and Grape Industries as: Winegrape growing, juice grape growing, wine production, wine wholesaling (including PLCB jobs), wine retailing (on/off premise), wine research and education, and direct to consumer sales of wine in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.2 The first tier of the industry is comprised of vineyards which grow winegrapes and juice grapes. Wineries, in turn, use these fruits (as well as other fruit from both Pennsylvania and other states) to produce wine. Once the wine is produced and packaged, it is ready for the second tier of the industry – the wholesalers.

Pennsylvania is what is called a control state. As such, a state agency, the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB) is responsible for all wine and spirits wholesaling in the state. In addition, private wholesale firms operate as sales representative for the wines or spirits that they carry or import. The PLCB is for transporting and the short-term storage of wine from producers to the third tier – the retailers.

The retailing tier is made up of on-premise retailers such as restaurants, bars, sport stadiums, etc. and off- premise retailers. Again, in Pennsylvania nearly all off-premise sale of wine is done under the auspices of the PLCB, which operates approximately 600 retail locations known as Fine Wine & Spirits Shoppes.3 Wineries in Pennsylvania also have the ability to distribute to retailers, as well as sell their products directly to the consumer either by shipping the products directly, or through their own channels such as tasting rooms and restaurants.

In addition to the three tiers of the industry, the study calculates the economic contribution to each state made through the spending of tourists visiting Pennsylvania’s 384 wineries.4

Associations and organizations that help develop the wine and grape industries through education and research have been included in this study.

The study measures various factors of the Pennsylvania wine and grape industries including the number of jobs, the wages paid to employees, the value added, total output and charitable contributions. In addition, it assesses the economic impact of the suppliers that support the Pennsylvania wine and grape industries, as well as those industries supported by the induced spending of both the direct and supplier industries.

1 Infogroup is the leading provider of business and consumer data for the top search engines and leading in-car navigation systems in North America. Infogroup gathers data from a variety of sources, by sourcing, refining, matching, appending, filtering, and delivering the best quality data. Infogroup verifies its data at the rate of almost 100,000 phone calls per day to ensure absolute accuracy. 2 Throughout this study, all references to the “wine industry” include the production, wholesaling, and retailing of wine and similar vinified products. 3 In 2016, the Commonwealth has opened up limited wine retail activities for the first time since Prohibition. Limited private wine sales will now be allowed at grocery stores, restaurants, bars, hotels and delis that have pre-existing liquor licenses and decide to upgrade them to take advantage of the new law. In addition, restaurants and bars with an “R” type license can now sell up to four bottles of wine per transaction for off-premise consumption. While restaurants and bars are included in the on-premise retail part of this analysis, data are not yet available to calculate the amount of on-premise sales occurring at these types of establishments. Sales of Pennsylvania wine for off-premise consumption at other retail stores are included in the analysis. 4 Throughout this study, the winery count refers to the number of winery facilities. A single winery may have multiple facilities throughout the state or country. Each of these facilities is included in the winery count.

2

Every industry inevitably makes purchases from a mix of different industries—thus, an economic activity within one industry always extends beyond its origins, through means such as employee spending. Economic activity started by the wine and grape industries generates output (and jobs) in hundreds of other industries, often in states far removed from the site of the original operation. The impact of supplier firms and the “induced impact” of the re-spending by employees of industry and supplier firms are calculated using an input-output model of the United States. The study calculates the impact at the state, state legislative district, and county levels.

The study also estimates taxes paid by the industry and its employees. Federal taxes include industry- specific excise and sales taxes, business and personal income taxes, FICA, and unemployment insurance. State and local tax systems, on the other hand, vary widely. Direct retail taxes include state and local sales taxes, license fees, and applicable gross receipt taxes. Private retailers pay real estate and personal property taxes, business income taxes, and other business levies that vary in each state and municipality. The PLCB generates additional revenues for the Commonwealth, generally providing about $200 million per year in profits to the General Fund. All entities engaged in business activity generated by the industry pay similar taxes. In addition to this, consumers pay millions in federal, state and local sales and excise taxes when they purchase wine at both on- and off-premise establishments.

Members of the industry and their employees pay $155.8 million in federal, state and local business taxes. Consumption taxes, which account for state and local sales taxes as well as excise taxes that apply to specific retail services, contribute $14.0 million to the American and Pennsylvania economy.

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Economic Impact Results

The Pennsylvania wine and grape industry includes wineries, grape growers, PLCB wholesale operations and private wholesalers that represent wineries, as well as retail establishments that sell wine to consumers, including PLCB Fine Wine & Spirits Shoppes, grocery stores, restaurants, and bars. The industry also attracts many visitors to wineries and vineyards in Pennsylvania. The economic impact of spending from these visitors is an important aspect of the overall wine and grape industry. Their economic contribution is estimated in the tourism impact and includes spending on lodging, food, transportation, retail purchases, and other spending. In addition, the economic impact of research and educational organizations which promote and support the wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania are included in the study. Overall, the wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania directly create 9,677 jobs, generating $390.2 million in wages. The industries directly generate $1.4 billion in economic activity in the state.

The full economic impact of the wine and grape industries extends beyond the initial direct impacts. In order for these companies to conduct their businesses, they require goods and services that must be purchased from other industries. This additional economic impact is referred to as the supplier impact. Examples of the supplier impacts created by the wine and grape industries include when these businesses purchase farming equipment and supplies, pay rent to landlords, buy packaging materials, hire consultants, drivers, lawyers, and even creating government jobs responsible for the regulation or licensing of wine businesses. This supplier impact also includes goods and services provided by Pennsylvania firms to wineries located throughout the United States.

Furthermore, the induced impact is created when the people employed by the direct and supplier sectors spend their wages. These expenditures can be captured in businesses such as movie theaters, restaurants, retail shops, health care, and education. The overall economic impact of the wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania is presented in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Pennsylvania Wine and Grape Industries Economic Impact

Jobs Wages Economic Output Wine Grape Vineyards 198 $3,227,926 $7,823,560 Juice Grape Vineyards 441 $7,205,732 $17,464,613 Wineries 1,499 $31,701,688 $418,264,930 Wholesale 2 $190,015 $529,780 Retail 130 $3,648,237 $9,008,929 Tourism 3,456 $110,329,656 $320,228,570 Research and Education 14 $1,437,993 $3,664,996 Total Direct Impact 5,740 $156,303,254 $776,985,378 Total Supplier Impact 2,048 $140,532,500 $375,172,700 Total Induced Impact 1,889 $93,348,000 $271,792,100 Total Impact 9,677 $390,183,754 $1,423,950,178

Vineyards

The production of wine begins with the farming of winegrapes at vineyards. In Pennsylvania, about 1,910 acres of farmland are used to grow winegrapes. These vineyards produce about 13,500 tons of grapes with

4 a total value of $7.7 million to be used specifically in the process of making wine.5 In addition to producing wine grapes, Pennsylvania is one of the leading producers of juice grapes in the country. Based on data from the USDA, about 77,300 tons of juice grapes, valued at $17.2 million are produced in the state, as are a small amount of fresh table grapes.

Table 2 Grape Production in Pennsylvania (2017)

Acres (est) Tons Percent Price Per Ton Value Percent Wine Grapes 1,914 13,500 14.8% $572.00 $ 7,722,000 30.2% Juice Grapes 10,959 77,300 84.7% $223.00 $ 17,237,900 67.3% Fresh Grapes 71 500 0.5% $1,300.00 $ 650,000 2.5% Total 12,943 91,300 100.0% $280.50 $ 25,609,900 100.0%

It is estimated that vineyards in Pennsylvania directly employ an estimated 198 full-time equivalent (FTE) people growing winegrapes.6 These jobs pay a total of $3.2 million in wages while contributing $7.8 million in economic activity to the state. When the total impact of the winegrape industry is included (including supplier and induced jobs), 255 FTE jobs depend on the growing of winegrapes in Pennsylvania, generating nearly $5.9 million in wages and over $14.5 million in economic impact.

Table 3 Economic Impact of Vineyards in Pennsylvania

Vineyard Type Jobs Wages Economic Output Wine Grape Vineyards 198 $3,227,926 $7,823,560 Supplier Impact 30 $1,268,200 $2,655,100 Induced Impact 27 $1,390,200 $4,045,700 Total Wine Grape Impact 255 $5,886,326 $14,524,360 Juice Grape Vineyards 441 $7,205,732 $17,464,613 Supplier Impact 69 $2,831,000 $5,926,800 Induced Impact 64 $3,103,300 $9,031,400 Total Juice Grape Impact 574 $13,140,032 $32,422,813 All Vineyards 639 $10,433,658 $25,288,173 Supplier Impact 99 $4,099,200 $8,581,900 Induced Impact 91 $4,493,500 $13,077,100 Total Vineyard Impact 829 $19,026,358 $46,947,173

The juice grape industry in the state is even larger. Concentrated in Erie County, Pennsylvania juice grape growers provide 441 FTE jobs, paying $7.2 million and generating nearly $17.5 million in economic activity. All told the grape growing industry in Pennsylvania is responsible for almost 830

5 Based on Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts 2017 Summary, US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Available at: https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/zs25x846c/bc386n064/rr172065h/NoncFruiNu-06-26-2018.pdf. The latest data available are for 2017. Pennsylvania data on acreage are not broken down by grape type, therefore tonnage is used as a proxy to calculate acreage. 6 Some of these jobs may be double counted in the winery impacts. Limited data available makes it difficult to estimate the impact from vineyards that are owned and operated by wineries. The impact of winery owned vineyards is already captured in the winery economic impact.

5 jobs, paying over $19.0 million in wages. Almost $47.0 million in economic activity in Pennsylvania is due to wine and juice grape growing.

Grape production is not only important to the state’s economy, but it is a growing industry. Over the last few years, while there have been ups and downs, overall grape production in Pennsylvania has been growing by about 700 tons per year.7

Figure 1 Pennsylvania Grape Production by Year

Wineries

Once grapes are grown at vineyards, they are transferred into wine (and other products) at local Pennsylvania wineries. Wineries in the state may grow winegrapes and other fruits in their own vineyards and orchards or they may purchase winegrapes or fruit juice from growers located in other states. Wineries then continue the vinification process which may include crushing, pressing, and fermenting the fruits, aging and bottling and cellaring the wine. Wineries in Pennsylvania may sell directly to consumers through their tasting rooms and on-site restaurants or self-distribute to local retail licensees. The impact of these activities are included in the wineries impact and are not included in the wholesale and retail economic impacts in order to avoid double counting. Pennsylvania’s 384 wineries employ almost 1,500 people (FTE jobs) and pay more than $31.7 in wages and benefits. These firms directly generate $418.3 million in economic activity in the state.

As in many states, the number of wineries in Pennsylvania has been growing. When the last economic impact study of the Pennsylvania wine and grape industries was conducted, it was reported that there were 160 wineries in the state in 2011.8 The data for 2018 show a total of 384 wineries in Pennsylvania, a 140 percent increase. In the 2011 analysis, it was reported that the average winery had about 4.2 FTE employees. This has fallen slightly to just 3.9 FTE jobs, suggesting that many of the new wineries are small family operations.

Even though most of the state’s wineries are small, Pennsylvania is a leading producer of American wine. Based on data from the US Department of Treasury, Pennsylvania is the 5th largest wine producing state, with nearly 12.3 million gallons vinified in 2017.9 This is equivalent to about 1.35 percent of the nation’s production.

7 Quickstats Database, US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Available at: https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov 8 The Economic Impact of Pennsylvania Wine, Wine Grapes and Juice Grapes – 2011, prepared for the Pennsylvania Winery Association, Frank, Rimerman + Co., LLP, January 2013. 9 Statistical Report – Wine, Year End Report 2017, US Department of Treasury, Alcohol And Tobacco Tax And Trade Bureau, April 27, 2018. 2017 is the last year for which data are available. A correction was made to the report to account for an error in reported production in Georgia.

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Table 4 Wine Production by State (2017)

Natural Total State Still Wine Vermouth Wines Sparkling Wines Production California 716,309,505 473,533 24,099,637 31,090,188 771,972,863 Washington 44,824,096 2,368 8,678 534,409 45,369,551 New York 28,172,209 327,269 250,521 3,114,679 31,864,678 Oregon 13,602,710 3,799 1,379 113,640 13,721,528 Pennsylvania 12,277,544 1,304 13 12,052 12,290,913 Ohio 5,054,566 1,867 401,245 7,436 5,465,114 Michigan 3,389,454 3,077 115,816 129,651 3,637,998 Texas 2,614,607 - - - 2,614,607 North Carolina 2,352,073 45,465 120,174 732 2,518,444 Kentucky 2,462,440 - - - 2,462,440 Virginia 2,337,979 17,778 - - 2,355,757 Vermont 2,035,115 - - - 2,035,115 New Jersey 1,560,678 6,422 3,722 73,507 1,644,329 Florida 1,598,342 6,001 - - 1,604,343 All Others 11,068,820 8,924 180,239 472,171 11,730,154 Total 849,660,138 897,807 25,406,731 35,723,960 911,688,636

Pennsylvania wines are made from a range of grape varietals, including native grapes like Delaware, as well as vinifera and hybrid varietals like Merlot and Chambourcin. Conditions in the state are particularly favorable to Cabernet Franc. There are five (American Vinicultural Areas) in Pennsylvania: Cumberland Valley, Central Delaware Valley, Lake Erie, Lancaster Valley and Lehigh Valley. The large number of AVAs and diverse geography ensures that wineries are located throughout the Commonwealth.

Figure 2 Location of Pennsylvania Wineries

Wholesalers

Traditionally, most wine is sold through what is called the three-tier system, whereby producers sell to wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers. In fact, only a small part of the wine produced in Pennsylvania is sold through wholesalers, with most production either sold directly by the wineries, or self-distributed to local licensees. In addition, Pennsylvania is a control state and wine wholesaling is the exclusive

7 purview of the PLCB.10 According to the PLCB, only 156,980 gallons of Pennsylvania produced wine entered the wholesaling system. This was just 0.56 percent of all wine sold through PLCB warehouses.11 Considering that Pennsylvania wineries produced upwards of 12.3 million gallons in 2017, only about 1.3 percent of wine produced in the state is sold through Pennsylvania wholesaling establishments. Because of this the wholesaling impact of the industry is very small – just 2 FTE jobs, and about $530,000 in economic output.

These small numbers do not suggest that Pennsylvania wine is not widely distributed in the state; however, they do suggest that most of this wine is distributed via the wineries themselves, and as such, the economic impact of most wholesaling activities is included in the winery impact numbers.

Retailers

The third tier, retailing, is responsible for selling wine to consumers through on- and off-premise businesses such as restaurants, bars, licensed grocery stores and PLCB Fine Wines & Spirits Shoppes. Only the portion of economic activity created by these businesses due to the sale of Pennsylvania produced wine is accounted for in the analysis.12 In Pennsylvania, the wine industry creates 130 jobs in the on- and off-premise retail and hospitality sectors. These jobs pay about $3.6 million in wages and contribute $9.0 billion in economic activity to the state.

Table 5 Economic Impact of Wine Retailers in Pennsylvania

Jobs Wages Economic Output On-Premise Retail 102 $2,431,152 $5,041,747 Off-Premise Retail 28 $1,217,085 $3,967,182 PLCB Fine Wines & Spirits Shoppes 10 $662,537 $2,801,631 Licensed Retailers 18 $554,548 $1,165,551 Total Retail Impact 130 $3,648,237 $9,008,929

Tourism

Wineries and vineyards are an attractive destination for Pennsylvania and out-of-state visitors. These visitors not only create business for the wineries and vineyards they visit, but they also spend millions on lodging, food, transportation, and other retail purchases. JDA estimates that about 2,181,817 people made over 7,183,154 visits to Pennsylvania’s wineries and vineyard. In addition to spending in the wineries and vineyards on wine, food, events, etc., these people spent an estimated $476.5 million in other parts of the Pennsylvania economy. The economic activity created by these visitors generates about 3,456 FTE jobs, paying about $110.3 million in wages, and contributing $320.2 million in economic activity to the state.

Research and Education

The wine and grape industry in Pennsylvania is also supported by research and education organizations which are involved in applied research and educational programs to protect and improve grape cultivation as well as wine related industries. These organizations are responsible for spreading sound business

10 In addition, private wholesalers operate in Pennsylvania and work with licensed retailers to develop consumer benefits such as wine lists and wine pairings, and to ensure that the wines that they represent are properly stored and served. 11 Fiscal Year 2017-2018. Data gathered telephonically from the PLCB. 12 2012 Economic Census - Retail Trade: Subject Series - Product Lines: Product Lines Statistics by Industry for the U.S. and States: 2012, United States Census Bureau and Table 2.4.5U Personal Consumption Expenditures by Type of Product, U.S. Department of Commerce – Bureau of Economic Analysis.

8 practices as well as promoting new, innovative techniques to further the development of the Pennsylvania wine industry. Approximately 14 people were employed in Pennsylvania based research and education organizations, receiving about $1.4 million in wages and generating $3.7 million in economic activity. Once supplier and induced effects were added to this sector, overall the economic impact of wine and grape research and education services surpassed $7.5 million. And this does not include the valuable benefits that come from better viticulture and vinification activities.

Table 6 Economic Impact of Wine Research and Education in Pennsylvania

Jobs Wages Economic Output Research and Education 14 $1,437,993 $3,664,996 Supplier 10 $754,300 $1,855,000 Induced 13 $686,600 $1,999,000 Total 37 $2,878,893 $7,518,996

Supplier firms

The supplier impact created by the wine and grape industry includes goods and services from a multitude of different sectors. These purchases include varied goods such as farm equipment, supplies, tools, cash registers, and promotional materials. Services such as consulting, banking, legal, and marketers are also a part of the supplier impact. In the case of the wine and grape industry, government jobs are created in government agencies (like the PLCB) responsible for the regulation of wine and vineyard related businesses.13 An estimated 2,048 supplier jobs overall are created by the wine and grape industry, paying $140.5 million in wages and generating about $375.2 billion in economic activity.14

Table 7 Supplier Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry in Pennsylvania

Sector Jobs Wages Economic Output Business and Personal Services 705 $55,893,200 $108,898,400 Transportation and Communication 273 $29,461,800 $76,088,500 Agriculture 267 $6,055,300 $11,519,400 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 240 $13,142,700 $67,251,300 Wholesaling 188 $16,687,200 $46,538,700 Travel and Entertainment 152 $3,813,100 $8,160,900 Manufacturing 89 $6,690,400 $35,100,600 Government 45 $3,941,200 $8,380,100 Construction 43 $2,697,800 $6,944,000 Retailing 36 $1,180,700 $2,635,300 Mining 10 $969,100 $3,655,500 Other - $0 $0 Total Supplier Impact 2,048 $140,532,500 $375,172,700

Induced Impacts

13 Note that PLCB wholesaling and retailing jobs are included in those sectors of the model. Regulatory jobs like licensing, adjudication and enforcement would be considered supplier impacts. 14 This includes the impact supplies and services purchased by wineries located throughout the United States from companies located in Michigan. See 2018 Economic Impact Study Of the Wine Industry Methodology and Documentation, prepared for, WineAmerica by John Dunham & Associates, August 10, 2018 at: http://wineamerica.org/impact.

9

The induced impact is created by the expenditure of wages earned by employees in the direct and supplier sectors. These jobs are dependent on the wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania and would not exist if not for it. Businesses included in the induced impact include everything from restaurants and movie theaters to physicians’ offices and universities. The induced impact of the wine and grape industries created 1,899 jobs, paying $93.3 million in wages and generating about $271.8 billion in economic activity.

Table 8 Induced Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry in Pennsylvania

Sector Jobs Wages Economic Output Business and Personal Services 826 $46,664,900 $82,776,100 Retailing 317 $10,249,900 $24,511,100 Travel and Entertainment 281 $6,654,000 $18,335,900 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate 210 $10,946,200 $82,618,300 Transportation and Communication 84 $7,665,000 $29,114,300 Other 52 $2,016,000 $1,379,700 Wholesaling 47 $4,197,700 $11,717,000 Manufacturing 22 $1,621,700 $12,468,800 Construction 20 $1,221,500 $3,225,800 Government 20 $1,716,700 $4,176,000 Agriculture 8 $196,900 $651,800 Mining 2 $197,500 $817,300 Total Induced Impact 1,889 $93,348,000 $271,792,100

Fiscal Impacts

An important part of an impact analysis is the calculation of the contribution of the industry to the public finances of the country. In the case of the wine and grape industries, the business taxes paid by firms and their employees provide $87.1 million to the federal government and $68.6 million to state and local governments. In addition, the consumption of wine in Pennsylvania generated an estimated $860,400 in federal tax revenues and $81.8 million in state and local tax revenues. These consumption taxes include taxes such as excise taxes and sales taxes.

Table 9 Fiscal Impact of the Wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania

Federal State & Local Total Business & Personal Taxes $ 87,148,400 $ 68,621,300 $ 155,769,700 Federal Excise Tax $ 860,364 $ - $ 860,364 State Wine Excise Tax $ - $ 1,478,765 $ 1,478,765 PLCB Markups over Market $ - $ 6,378,506 $ 6,378,506 State Sales Tax $ - $ 5,149,964 $ 5,149,964 Phila and Alleghaney County on-premise$ - $ 165,063 $ 165,063 Total Taxes $ 88,008,764 $ 81,793,598 $ 169,802,362

Charitable Contributions

Charitable contributions are calculated as part of the economic impact model itself. The Bureau of Economic Analysis NIPA tables show spending per dollar of output for about 530 industry categories,

10 including industries such as religious organizations, civic organizations, and social advocacy organizations. JDA estimated the charitable contributions of the industry by analyzing the impacts in individual and family services, community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services, performing arts companies, museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks, religious organizations, grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations, and labor and civic organizations. Spending in each of these categories is aggregated together to estimate the charitable contributions attributed to the wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania. It is estimated that about $3.0 million is contributed by employees and companies in the wine and grape industries to charitable organizations. These contributions lead to about 55 FTE jobs in these non-profit organizations.

Table 10 Charitable Contributions of the Wine and Grape Industry in Pennsylvania

Charitable Sector Jobs Wages Economic Output Community Services 25 $758,261 $1,131,445 Arts 3 $111,576 $413,504 Religious 16 $738,006 $474,122 Social Advocacy 3 $126,698 $487,581 Labor 8 $145,865 $514,221 Total 55 $1,880,406 $3,020,873

Study Methodology

Model Development

The Economic Impact Study begins with an accounting of the direct employment in the Pennsylvania wine and grape industries. The data comes from a variety of government and private sources. It is sometimes mistakenly thought that initial spending accounts for all of the impact of an economic activity or a product. For example, at first glance it may appear that consumer expenditures for a product are the sum total of the impact on the local economy. However, a single economic activity leads to a ripple effect wherein other sectors and industries benefit from this initial spending. This inter-industry effect of an economic activity can be assessed using multipliers from regional input-output modeling.

Figure 3 Graphical Description of Economic Impact Modeling

Direct output or economic contribution of the Pennsylvania Wine and Grape Industries

DIRECT Effect of Direct Spending on regional supplier firms and their employees INDIRECT Economic Effect induced by re-spending INDUCED by industry and supplier employees

The economic activities of events are linked to other industries in the state and national economies. Activities related to convenience services represent the direct effects on the economy. Indirect impacts occur when these activities require purchases of goods and services such as advertising services or fertilizer from local or regional indirect firms. Additional induced impacts occur when workers involved

11 in direct and indirect activities spend their wages. The ratio between induced output and direct output is termed the multiplier.

This method of analysis allows the impact of local production activities to be quantified in terms of final demand, earnings, and employment in the states and the nation as a whole.

Once the direct impact of the industry has been calculated, the input-output methodology discussed below is used to calculate the contribution of the indirect sector and of the re-spending in the economy by employees in the industry and its indirect firms. This induced impact is the most controversial part of economic impact studies and is often quite inflated. In the case of this model, only the most conservative estimate of the induced impact has been used.

Model Description and Data

This economic impact analysis was developed by JDA based on data provided by the Pennsylvania Winery Association (PWA), Infogroup, the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, and Federal and state governments. The analysis utilizes the IMPLAN model in order to quantify the economic impact of the Pennsylvania wine and grape industries on the economy of Pennsylvania, the state’s legislative districts and by county.15 The model adopts an accounting framework through which the relationships between different inputs and outputs across industries and sectors are computed. This model can show the impact of a given economic decision – such as a winery opening or vineyard sales – on a pre-defined, geographic region. It is based on the national income accounts generated by the US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).16

Direct employment for the industry is calculated using data from the PWA and Infogroup. Where Infogroup data was unavailable, direct employment was replaced with a median calculated by business type (winery, vineyard, etc.). For companies or agencies that are engaged in retailing and wholesaling operations, a break was applied based on the share of Pennsylvania wines sold, gathered from the PLCB.

The IMPLAN model is designed to run based on the input of specific direct economic factors. It uses a detailed methodology (see IMPLAN Methodology section) to generate estimates of the other direct impacts, tax impacts and indirect and induced impacts based on these entries. In the case of this model, direct employment in the Pennsylvania wine and grape industries is a starting point for the analysis. Direct employment is based on data provided to John Dunham & Associates by Infogroup as of October 2018. Infogroup data are recognized nationally as a premier source of micro industry data. Infogroup is the leading provider of business and consumer data for the top search engines and leading in-car navigation systems in North America. Infogroup gathers data from a variety of sources, by sourcing, refining, matching, appending, filtering, and delivering the best quality data. This data is then verified at a rate of almost 100,000 phone calls per day to ensure absolute accuracy.

Once the initial direct employment figures have been established, they are entered into a model linked to the IMPLAN database. The IMPLAN data are used to generate estimates of direct wages and output. Wages are derived from the U.S. Department of Labor’s ES-202 reports. IMPLAN uses this data to provide annual average wage and salary establishment counts, employment counts, and payrolls at the county level. Since this data only covers payroll employees, it is modified to add information on independent workers, agricultural employees, construction workers, and certain government employees. Data are then adjusted to account for counties where non-disclosure rules apply. Wage data include not

15 The model uses 2016 input/output accounts. 16 The IMPLAN model is based on a series of national input-output accounts known as RIMS II. These data are developed and maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis as a policy and economic decision analysis tool.

12 only cash wages, but health and life insurance payments, retirement payments and other non-cash compensation. In short, it includes all income paid to workers by employers.

Total output is the value of production by industry in a given state. It is estimated by IMPLAN from sources similar to those used by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in its RIMS II series. Where no Census or government surveys are available, IMPLAN uses models such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ growth model to estimate the missing output.

The model also includes information on income received by the Federal, state and local governments and produces estimates for the following taxes at the Federal level: Corporate income; payroll, personal income, estate and gift, and excise taxes, customs duties; and fines, fees, etc. State and local tax revenues include estimates of: Corporate profits, property, sales, severance, estate and gift and personal income taxes; licenses and fees and certain payroll taxes. JDA calculated consumption based taxes such as sales taxes and wine excise taxes from its own tax models.

While IMPLAN is used to calculate the state level impacts, Infogroup data provide the basis for legislative district and county level estimates. Publicly available data at the legislative district level is limited by disclosure restrictions, especially for smaller sectors of the economy. Our model therefore uses actual physical location data provided by Infogroup in order to allocate jobs – and the resulting economic activity – by physical address or when that is not available, zip code. For zip codes entirely contained in a single district, jobs are allocated based on the percentage of total sector jobs in each zip code. For zip codes that are broken by districts, allocations are based on the percentage of total jobs physically located in each segment of the zip code. Physical locations are based on either actual address of the facility, or the zip code of the facility, with facilities placed randomly throughout the zip code area. All indirect and induced jobs are allocated based on the percentage of a state’s employment in that sector in each of the districts. Again, these percentages are based on Infogroup data.

The data used to develop direct employment figures by sector is described in detail below,

Vineyards

The vineyards that supply winegrapes to the wine and grape industries are vital to the Pennsylvania economy. Individual facility data for each vineyard in Pennsylvania was not available to use in the economic impact study; therefore, data used to estimate the economic impact of vineyards came from the United States Department of Agriculture and the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.

The process to estimate the impact of vineyards began with data from the Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts 2017 Summary17 were used to estimate acreage, quantity and value of winegrapes grown in Pennsylvania, while the 2012 Census of Agriculture and the Pennsylvania Orchard and Vineyard Statistics by Variety, Age and County 2008 was used to help estimate the acreage by counties in Pennsylvania.18

Vineyards that were part of a winery operation may be double counted since there is no data available to separate independent vineyards from vineyards which are owned and operated by a winery.

JDA estimates that there are about 1,914 acres of farmland in Pennsylvania being used to grow an estimated 13,500 tons of winegrapes worth about $7.7 million. In order to tend to these vineyards, an estimated 198 full-time equivalent jobs are needed. Pennsylvania is also a major producer of juice grapes

17 Based on Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts 2017 Summary, US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Available at: https://downloads.usda.library.cornell.edu/usda-esmis/files/zs25x846c/bc386n064/rr172065h/NoncFruiNu-06-26-2018.pdf. 18 2012 Census Publications. USDA - NASS, Census of Agriculture - Publications - 2012, agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/.

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– with close to 11,000 acres being used to grow an estimated 77,300 tons of juice grapes worth about $17.2 million. These vineyards employ an estimated 441 FTE jobs.

It is important to note that full-time equivalent jobs are not the same as number of people. FTE jobs are estimated using the value of winegrapes grown and IMPLAN.

Many of the jobs on farms are different than other occupations in that they are not the normal eight hours a day, 40 hours a week kind of activity. Even many owners of small farms operations only work part-time on agricultural activities, and a great majority of labor-intensive vineyard activities (harvesting, pruning, shoot thinning and suckering) are performed by teams of seasonal workers who move from vineyard to vineyard and between agricultural sectors. These workers often only work for a few days or weeks on any given farm.

Due to the seasonal nature of vineyard work, one full-time equivalent farm job is equal to the work performed by 4.2 actual farm workers, with an average farm worker preforming about 450 hours of labor in the industry (compared with about 1900 hours for a full-time worker in a non-agricultural occupation).19

Wineries

The economic impact of wineries is based on government licensing data, Infogroup, and government and industry sources.20 Wineries include those that produce their own wines, wineries/production facilities, winery owned retail outposts, facilities contracted to produce wines for other companies, and companies marketing their own wine brand, but not producing the wine itself (so called virtual wineries).21

Based on these combined datasets, it is estimated that there are about 384 active wineries in the State of Pennsylvania. Infogroup employment figures are used for estimate the jobs in each facility. Median job figures were used where employment figures were not available. JDA estimates that there are about 1,500 jobs relating to the production or marketing of wine in Pennsylvania. These workers earn an estimated $31.7 million and generate an estimated $418.3 million in economic activity for the state’s economy.

Wholesale

Traditionally, most wine is sold through what is called the three-tier system, whereby producers sell to wholesalers, who in turn sell to retailers. In fact, only a small part of the wine produced in Pennsylvania is sold through wholesalers, with most production either sold directly by the wineries, or self-distributed to local licensees. In addition, Pennsylvania is a control state and wine wholesaling is the exclusive purview of the PLCB. According to the PLCB, only 156,980 gallons of Pennsylvania produced wine entered the wholesaling system. This was just 0.56 percent of all wine sold through PLCB warehouses. These small numbers do not suggest that Pennsylvania wine is not widely distributed in the state; however, they do suggest that most of this wine is distributed via the wineries themselves, and as such, the economic impact of most wholesaling activities is included in the winery impact numbers.

19 US Department of Agriculture, 2012 Census, USDA, National Agriculture Statistics Service. Farm jobs statistics are measured differently than non-agricultural jobs as most workers are either seasonal or hourly. Many agricultural employees are seasonal workers who move from vineyard to vineyard over the planting and harvest period. 20 A large portion of this data was provided by WineAmerica as it had been collected as part of a prior study conducted for that organization. 21 There are companies that are licensed as wineries for marketing purposes only. These companies might consist of just a single individual or small group of individuals who have simply developed a label and have sales agreements with restaurants or distributors. The actual wine is produced under contract with either a larger branded winery, or at a so-called custom crush facility that provides all of the labor and equipment. Both custom crush facilities and the companies that market this wine are included in this analysis as wineries.

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Data for PLCB wholesale employment comes from Infogroup. In addition, there are private wholesalers in Pennsylvania that represent wineries with local restaurants and other on-premise sales establishments. Data for these wholesale activities comes from Alcohol Wholesaler Permit Lists from the US Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Infogroup and the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America (WSWA).

Retailers

The third tier, retailing, is responsible for selling wine to consumers through on- and off-premise businesses such as restaurants, bars, licensed grocery stores and PLCB Fine Wines & Spirits Shoppes. Only the portion of economic activity created by these businesses due to the sale of Pennsylvania produced wine is accounted for in the analysis. Retail sales that are occurring at winery owned facilities such as tasting rooms or restaurants within the winery’s premises are not included in this impact. These impacts are captured in the winery sector.

Employment data were gathered at the zip code level from Infogroup, The Economic Census of Retail Trade by Product Line22 and U.S. Department of Commerce – Bureau of Economic Analysis – Personal Consumption Expenditures by Type of Product23 is used determine the type of off-premise stores that sell wine as well as the percent of sales at each store type that is due to the sale of wine. IMPLAN Use data and U.S. Department of Commerce – Bureau of Economic Analysis – Personal Consumption Expenditures by Type of Product is used to determine the type of on-premise stores that sell wine as well as the percent of sales at each store type that is due to the sale of wine. PLCB Fine Wines & Spirits Shoppes are located based on data from the PLCB’s Annual Report, with jobs either from Infogroup, or based on industry means.24

Research and Education

The research and education sector is defined as organizations which are involved in applied research and educational programs that facilitate the development and advancement of knowledge that enable wineries, grape growers, and other wine-related industries to improve and protect the quality of their goods and services.

Data for wine research and educational organizations were provided by the Pennsylvania Winery Association.

Wine Tourism

One of the important elements of the impact of wineries on the Pennsylvania economy is their attractiveness to tourists. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people visit wine growing regions across the state in part to visit (or even stay at) wineries, learn about wine and sample different wines. In order to estimate the economic impact of these visits it was first necessary to calculate the number of visitors to the state’s 383 wineries. This was done at the county level based on an econometric model that used detailed data calculated by key wine producing counties as a means of estimating visitors per winery. A function was developed that estimated the number of visits per winery based on the number of wineries in

22 2012 Economic Census - Retail Trade: Subject Series - Product Lines: Product Lines Statistics by Industry for the U.S. and States: 2012, United States Census Bureau. 23 Table 2.4.5U Personal Consumption Expenditures by Type of Product, U.S. Department of Commerce – Bureau of Economic Analysis. 24 Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board Fiscal Year 2017-2018 Annual Report, Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, undated, at: www.lcb.pa.gov/About-Us/News-and-Reports/Documents/PLCB_Annual-Report-2017-18.pdf

15 each of the 59 counties in Pennsylvania that produce wine. This relies on the idea of economic clustering, which suggests that a larger grouping of wineries would attract more visitors to each winery than a smaller grouping. The tendency of locational clustering of similar types of firms has been documented by economists since at least the beginning of the twentieth century. British academic Stephen Brown described the rule of ‘retail compatibility,’ which explains how retail businesses, such as restaurants, know that two compatible firms in close proximity will show an increase in business volume directly proportionate to the incidence of consumer interchange between them.25 This concept was confirmed by a study by Andrei Rogers who found that the clustered spatial pattern exhibited by consumer goods retailers appears to contradict a common hypothesis that these stores tend to repel one another.26

While Rogers suggests that population densities have a lot to do with the clustering, there is significant economic theory that suggests that the tendency of activities to cluster is related more to competitive characteristics than to generalized demographic characteristics.27

Using this model JDA calculates that a winery existing alone in a county would receive just over 2,000 visitors in a year, and that the number of annual tourist visitors would rise linearly at a rate of about 110 additional visits per year for each additional winery in the county. As such, a county with 5 wineries would see just roughly 10,500 visits, while one with 30 wineries would report nearly 63,000.

Multiplying out the number of visits across the 59 counties in Pennsylvania with wineries gives a total of nearly 7.2 million unique tourist visits. These are people specifically visiting the Pennsylvania wine producing counties with wineries. The bulk of these are local visitors attending an event, having dinner or just stopping by to purchase a bottle of wine. No state specific data are available to estimate the number of wineries each individual visitor goes to on a trip, however, an extensive survey of wineries in Napa California, suggests each person visits on average about 3.2 wineries, so dividing visits by 3.2 gives an estimate of just over 2.2 million actual wine related visitors going to wineries across the state.28

Once the number of visitors was calculated, spending propensities using data as broken into 25 industries based on percentages derived from the US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.29 These were in turn, combined into aggregate categories for processing with the IMPLAN model. As such, rather than basing the direct tourism impact on jobs (as with the rest of the study), it is based on estimated visitor spending on key tourism categories.

Charitable Contributions

Charitable contributions are calculated as part of the economic impact model itself. The Bureau of Economic Analysis NIPA tables show spending per dollar of output for about 530 industry categories,

25 See: DeFranco, Laurence, William Lilley III, and John Dunham, The Case of the Transient Taxpayer: How Tax-Driven Price Differentials for Commodity Goods Can Create Improbable Markets, Business Economics, July 1998. 26 See: Rogers, Andrei, A Stochastic Analysis of the Spatial Clustering of Retail Establishments, Journal of the American Statistical Association, December 1965. 27 See: Braid, Ralph, Spatial Price Competition with Consumers on a Plane, at Intersections, and Along Main Roadways, Journal of Regional Science, Vol 33, No. 2, 1993. 28 See: 2014 Napa Valley Visitor Profile: Report of Findings, prepared by Destination Analysists for Visit Napa Valley, March 2015, at http://sodacanyonroad.org/docs/Napa%20Valley%202014%20Visitor%20Profile%20Study%20- %20Final%20Report%20of%20Findings.pdf. These were the only data available on visits per person that we have been able to find. 29 U.S. Travel and Tourism Satellite Accounts, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, at: http://www.bea.gov/industry/tourism_data.htm. The following categories were used in the analysis: Traveler accommodations, food services and drinking places, domestic passenger air transportation services, international passenger air transportation services, passenger rail transportation services, passenger water transportation services, interurban bus transportation, interurban charter bus transportation, urban transit systems and other transportation services, taxi service, scenic and sightseeing transportation services, automotive rental, other vehicle rental, automotive repair services, parking lots and garages, highway tolls, travel arrangement and reservation services, motion pictures and performing arts, spectator sports, participant sports, gambling, all other recreation and entertainment, gasoline, retail Sales, food stores.

16 including industries such as religious organizations, civic organizations, and social advocacy organizations. JDA estimated the charitable contributions of the industry by analyzing the impacts in individual and family services, community food, housing, and other relief services, including rehabilitation services, performing arts companies, museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks, religious organizations, grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations, and labor and civic organizations. Economic output in each of these categories is aggregated together to estimate the charitable contributions attributed to the wine and grape industries in Pennsylvania.

IMPLAN

The IMPLAN Group model is designed to run based on the input of specific direct economic factors. It uses a detailed methodology (see IMPLAN Methodology section) to generate estimates of the other direct impacts, tax impacts and indirect and induced impacts based on these entries.

Once the initial direct employment figures have been established, they are entered into a model linked to the IMPLAN database. The IMPLAN data are used to generate estimates of direct wages and output. Wages are derived from data from the U.S. Department of Labor’s ES-202 reports that are used by IMPLAN to provide annual average wage and salary establishment counts, employment counts, and payrolls at the county level. Since this data only covers payroll employees (those eligible for unemployment insurance), they are modified to add information on those who are not, such as: independent workers, agricultural employees, and construction workers. Data are then adjusted to account for counties where non-disclosure rules apply. Wage data include not only cash wages, but health and life insurance payments, retirement payments, and other non-cash compensation as well. They include all income paid to workers by employers.

Total output is the value of production by industry in a given state. It is estimated by IMPLAN from sources similar to those used by the BEA in its RIMS II series. Where no Census or government surveys are available, IMPLAN uses models such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ growth model to estimate the missing output.

The model also includes information on income received by the federal, state, and local governments, and produces estimates for the following taxes at the federal level: corporate income, payroll, personal income, estate and gift, excise taxes, customs duties, and fines, fees, etc. State and local tax revenues include estimates of corporate profits, property, sales, severance, estate and gift and personal income taxes as well as licenses, fees, and certain payroll taxes.

State sales and excise taxes were calculated based on total wine sales volume data from 2016 (the latest available) and state and federal excise and sales tax rates as of the beginning of 2018.

IMPLAN Methodology30

Input-output analysis, for which Wassily Leontief received the 1973 Nobel Prize in Economics for, is an econometric technique used to examine the relationships within an economy. It captures all monetary market transactions for consumption in a given period and for a specific geography. The IMPLAN model uses data from many different sources – as published government data series, unpublished data, sets of relationships, ratios, or as estimates. IMPLAN gathers this data, converts them into a consistent format, and estimates the missing components.

30 This section is paraphrased from IMPLAN Professional: Users Guide, Analysis Guide, Data Guide, Version 2.0, MIG, Inc., June 2000.

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There are three different levels of data generally available in the United States: federal, state, and county. Most of the detailed data are available at the county level, but there are many issues with disclosure, especially in the case of smaller industries. IMPLAN overcomes these disclosure problems by combining a large number of datasets and estimating variables that are not found in the merged data. The data are then converted into national input-output matrices (Use, Make, By-products, Absorption, and Market Shares) as well as national tables for deflators, regional purchase coefficients, and margins.

The IMPLAN Make matrix represents the production of commodities by industry. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) Benchmark I/O Study of the US Make Table forms the bases of the IMPLAN model. The Benchmark Make Table is updated to current year prices, and rearranged into the IMPLAN sector format. The IMPLAN Use matrix is based on estimates of final demand, value-added by sector, and total industry and commodity output data as provided by government statistics or estimated by IMPLAN. The BEA Benchmark Use table is then bridged to the IMPLAN sectors. Once the re-sectoring is complete, the Use tables can be updated based on the other data and model calculations of interstate and international trade.

In the IMPLAN model, as with any input-output framework, all expenditures are in terms of producer prices. This allocates all expenditures to the industries that produce goods and services. As a result, all data not received in producer prices are converted using margins derived from the BEA Input-Output model. Margins represent the difference between producer and consumer prices. As such, the margins for any good add up to one.

Deflators, which account for relative price changes during different time periods, are derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Growth Model. The 224 sector BLS model is mapped to the 536 sectors of the IMPLAN model. Where data are missing, deflators from BEA’s Survey of Current Businesses are used.

Finally, the Regional Purchase Coefficients (RPCs) – essential to the IMPLAN model – must be derived. IMPLAN is derived from a national model, which represents the “average” condition for a particular industry. Since national production functions do not necessarily represent particular regional differences, adjustments need to be made. Regional trade flows are estimated based on the Multi-Regional Input- Output Accounts, a cross-sectional database with consistent cross interstate trade flows developed in 1977. These data are updated and bridged to the 536 sector IMPLAN model.

Once the databases and matrices are created, they go through an extensive validation process. IMPLAN builds separate state and county models and evaluates them, checking to ensure that no ratios are outside of recognized bounds. The final datasets and matrices are not released until extensive testing takes place.

Comparisons with Prior Studies

The last analysis of this type was produced for the Pennsylvania Winery Association by Frank, Rimerman + Co., LLP, in January of 2013.31 That report presented an economic impact analysis for the year 2011. While the earlier report did not contain a detailed methodology, and also analyzed a different industry than in the 2018 analysis (wineries and grape juice producers), JDA was able to develop general comparisons between this report and the prior one. Table 11 on the following page presents these comparisons.

31 The Economic Impact of Pennsylvania Wine, Wine Grapes and Juice Grapes – 2011, prepared for the Pennsylvania Winery Association, Frank, Rimerman + Co., LLP, January 2013.

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Table 11 Comparison Between 2011 and 2019 Studies

2011 2018 Revenue (1) Total Wine Juice Total Wine Juice Winery Sales $ 43,695,000 $ 43,695,000 - $ 418,264,930 $ 418,264,930 - Wine Grape Sales $ 5,711,200 $ 5,711,200 - $ 7,823,560 $ 7,823,560 - PLCB Sales of PA Wine(2) $ 2,421,000 $ 2,421,000 - $ 25,196,440 $ 25,196,440 - Restaurant Sales of PA Wine $ 1,454,000 $ 1,454,000 - $ 8,673,451 $ 8,673,451 - Juice Grape Sales $ 20,945,800 - $ 20,945,800 $ 17,464,613 - $ 17,464,613 Juice Retail Sales (3) $ 11,536,000 - $ 11,536,000 $ - - N/A Juice Broker Sales $ 3,460,800 - $ 3,461,000 $ - - N/A Tourism $ 222,323,000 $ 222,323,000 - $ 320,228,570 $ 320,228,570 - Winery Suppliers (4) $ 6,276,000 $ 6,276,000 - $ - N/A - Vineyard Suppliers (4) $ 8,500,000 $ 1,750,000 $ 6,750,000 $ - N/A N/A Wine Research/Education/Consulting $ 1,050,000 $ 1,050,000 - $ 3,664,996 $ 3,664,996 N/A Charitable Contributions (5) $ 1,490,000 $ 1,490,000 - $ 13,500,000 $ 13,500,000 N/A Tax Revenues - Federal $ 108,989,000 $ 48,290,000 $ 60,699,000 $ 88,008,764 $ 88,008,764 N/A Tax Revenues - State & Local $ 77,138,000 $ 50,169,000 $ 26,969,000 $ 81,793,598 $ 81,793,598 N/A Indirect (IMPLAN) $ 658,866,000 $ 207,421,000 $ 451,445,000 $ 375,172,548 $ 375,172,548 N/A Induced (IMPLAN) $ 293,678,000 $ 152,589,000 $ 141,089,000 $ 271,791,981 $ 271,791,981 N/A Total Revenue $ 1,467,534,000 $ 744,639,000 $ 722,895,000 $ 1,618,083,452 $ 1,600,618,839 $ 17,464,613

Wages: Total Wine Juice Total Wine Juice Winery Employees $ 31,976,000 $ 31,976,000 - $ 31,701,688 $ 31,701,688 - Vineyard Employees $ 8,309,000 $ 6,487,000 $ 1,822,000 $ 10,433,658 $ 3,227,926 $ 7,205,732 Juice Processor Employees $ 23,686,000 - $ 23,686,000 $ - - N/A Tourism $ 63,559,000 $ 63,559,000 - $ 110,329,656 $ 110,329,656 - PLCB Sales of PA Wine $ 386,000 $ 386,000 - $ 1,217,085 $ 1,217,085 - Restaurant Sales of PA wine $ 15,000 $ 15,000 - $ 2,431,152 $ 2,431,152 - Winery Suppliers (4) $ 1,051,000 $ 1,051,000 - $ - N/A - Vineyard Suppliers (4) $ 902,000 $ 451,000 $ 451,000 $ - N/A N/A Wine Research/Education/Consulting $ 815,000 $ 815,000 - $ 1,437,993 $ 1,437,993 - Indirect (IMPLAN) $ 171,929,000 $ 78,454,000 $ 93,475,000 $ 140,532,367 $ 140,532,367 N/A Induced (IMPLAN) $ 98,211,000 $ 51,025,000 $ 47,186,000 $ 93,347,984 $ 93,347,984 N/A Total Wages $ 400,839,000 $ 234,219,000 $ 166,620,000 $ 391,431,584 $ 384,225,852 $ 7,205,732 Total (6) $ 1,868,373,000 $ 978,858,000 $ 889,515,000 $ 1,618,083,452 $ 1,600,618,839 $ 17,464,613

Employment: Total Wine Juice Total Wine Juice Winery 675 675 - 1,499 1,499 - Vineyard 392 306 86 639 198 441 Juice Processors 500 500 - - N/A Tourism 2,016 2,016 - 3,456 3,456 - Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board 10 10 - 28 28 - Restaurants 1 1 - 102 102 - Winery Supplies 17 17 - - N/A N/A Vineyard Materials 14 7 7 - N/A N/A Research/Education/Consulting 12 12 - 14 14 N/A Indirect (IMPLAN) 2,706 1,338 1,368 2,049 2,049 N/A Induced (IMPLAN) 2,286 1,188 1,097 1,891 1,891 N/A Total Employment 8,629 5,570 3,059 9,677 9,236 441

There are; however, a number of factors that need to be taken into account:

1. The figures in the 2018 analysis denote economic output.32 The figures in the 2011 analysis report to show revenue. 2. The 2018 analysis includes off-premise sales of Pennsylvania wine that occurred outside of the PLCB system. Prior to 2016 this was not allowed in Pennsylvania.

32 JDA uses output in its models as a general measurement of economic impact because we believe that it is the broadest and most comparative measure. In general, output represents the value of industry production for the model year calculated in terms of producer prices. Output differs depending on the industry being measured. In the case of the marine manufacturing industry, Output is similar to gross sales for manufacturers. However, in the case of the Retail & Distribution model, output is similar to gross margin.

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3. The 2018 analysis did not include an examination of the juice industry. Juice grape vineyards are included but not juice processing or sales. 4. JDA did not break out “vineyard” and “winery” suppliers. Rather 536 separate supplier categories have be included in the report under the indirect category. 5. Charitable contributions are included in the Indirect figures. This would be a double count if they were added to the total as well. 6. Finally, the 2011 study double counts wages in its calculation of total impact. Wages are already included in the Output (or revenue) figures.

In addition, the economic output levels (revenues) for wineries in the 2011 study appear to be grossly underestimated. Output per employee in 2012 was $307,075 in Pennsylvania according to IMPLAN. The 2011 analysis sets this at just $64,700.

About John Dunham & Associates

Firms can better manage any issue by developing facts-based economic materials and messaging tools. At John Dunham & Associates, we partner with organizations and provide strong analysis, as well as unique, credible messages and tools for use in business operations, lobbying, government affairs, and litigation support.

The project team is led by John Dunham. Mr. Dunham has over 30 years of experience in conducting cost-benefit modeling, industry analysis, economic research and excise tax and fiscal analysis. He has developed demand models and forecasting tools for dozens of industries and has extensive experience in modeling for both government and Fortune 500 companies.

John Dunham and JDA have produced hundreds of separate studies, economic models and position papers and performed hundreds of market research, economic impact and financial analyses for the government, corporate and non-profit sectors. This research was used for tort settlements, real estate developments, and legislative actions throughout the country.

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The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 1,499 $31,701,688 $418,264,930 Wine Grape Vineyards 198 $3,227,926 $7,823,560 Juice Grape Vineyards 441 $7,205,732 $17,464,613 Wholesale 2 $190,015 $529,780 Retail 130 $3,648,237 $9,008,929 Research & Education 14 $1,437,993 $3,664,996 Tourism 3,456 $110,329,656 $320,228,570 Sub-Total 5,740 $157,741,247 $776,985,378 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 267 $6,055,300 $11,519,400 Mining 10 $969,100 $3,655,500 Construction 43 $2,697,800 $6,944,000 Manufacturing 89 $6,690,400 $35,100,600 Wholesale 188 $16,687,200 $46,538,700 Retail 36 $1,180,700 $2,635,300 Transport & Comm. 273 $29,461,800 $76,088,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 240 $13,142,700 $67,251,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 705 $55,893,200 $108,898,400 Travel & Entertainment 152 $3,813,100 $8,160,900 Government 45 $3,941,200 $8,380,100 Other 0 $0 $0 Sub-Total 2,048 $140,532,500 $375,172,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 8 $196,900 $651,800 Mining 2 $197,500 $817,300 Construction 20 $1,221,500 $3,225,800 Manufacturing 22 $1,621,700 $12,468,800 Wholesale 47 $4,197,700 $11,717,000 Retail 317 $10,249,900 $24,511,100 Transport & Comm. 84 $7,665,000 $29,114,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 210 $10,946,200 $82,618,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 826 $46,664,900 $82,776,100 Travel & Entertainment 281 $6,654,000 $18,335,900 Government 20 $1,716,700 $4,176,000 Other 52 $2,016,000 $1,379,700 Sub-Total 1,889 $93,348,000 $271,792,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 9,677 $391,621,747 $1,423,950,178 Tax Impact Consumption Taxes Business Taxes Total Taxes Federal $860,364 $87,148,400 $88,008,764 State $13,172,298 $68,621,300 $81,793,598 Total $14,032,662 $155,769,700 $169,802,362

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Adams County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 43 909,400 11,998,300 Wine Grape Vineyards 3 52,900 128,100 Juice Grape Vineyards 1 13,400 32,500 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 24,700 57,400 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 47 1,488,100 4,319,100 Sub-Total 95 2,488,500 16,535,400 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 51 863,600 2,032,200 Mining 0 15,600 58,700 Construction 0 26,400 67,800 Manufacturing 1 30,400 243,500 Wholesale 2 167,200 466,400 Retail 0 7,400 16,400 Transport & Comm. 1 116,800 426,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 45,200 367,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 212,100 436,600 Travel & Entertainment 1 28,800 65,900 Government 0 14,700 28,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 60 1,528,200 4,209,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 7,100 18,600 Mining 0 5,400 18,800 Construction 0 9,700 25,400 Manufacturing 0 15,600 124,800 Wholesale 0 42,100 117,400 Retail 2 67,600 154,200 Transport & Comm. 0 33,400 164,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 32,200 276,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 210,500 384,500 Travel & Entertainment 2 48,500 136,400 Government 0 6,100 13,700 Other 1 29,900 20,500 Sub-Total 10 508,100 1,456,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 165 4,524,800 22,200,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Allegheny County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 93 1,966,800 25,949,700 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 5,800 13,900 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 26,600 74,100 Retail 18 509,000 1,258,800 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 50 1,603,300 4,653,500 Sub-Total 161 4,111,500 31,950,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 25 435,200 1,018,200 Mining 1 128,200 352,200 Construction 5 312,800 805,200 Manufacturing 7 556,300 2,916,300 Wholesale 18 1,597,000 4,453,900 Retail 4 144,800 320,000 Transport & Comm. 36 4,184,400 9,943,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 37 2,072,600 11,351,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 135 12,654,000 25,317,400 Travel & Entertainment 20 478,200 1,006,600 Government 5 467,500 1,096,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 293 23,031,000 58,581,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 6,600 25,200 Mining 0 28,500 90,400 Construction 2 142,000 375,000 Manufacturing 2 115,800 816,400 Wholesale 5 401,700 1,121,300 Retail 37 1,194,300 2,859,700 Transport & Comm. 11 1,051,900 3,879,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 34 1,898,300 14,045,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 119 7,326,500 13,617,900 Travel & Entertainment 35 792,900 2,067,500 Government 2 215,000 563,200 Other 7 250,700 171,600 Sub-Total 254 13,424,200 39,633,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 708 40,566,700 130,164,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Armstrong County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 3 63,400 837,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 13,500 30,800 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 67 2,150,500 6,241,800 Sub-Total 71 2,227,400 7,109,700 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 5,000 9,800 Mining 0 23,300 65,700 Construction 0 12,500 32,200 Manufacturing 1 50,700 312,900 Wholesale 0 40,600 113,300 Retail 0 4,000 8,500 Transport & Comm. 2 97,400 302,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 30,800 122,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 101,800 220,000 Travel & Entertainment 0 11,400 25,800 Government 0 16,300 21,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 5 393,800 1,235,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 500 2,600 Mining 0 2,300 9,100 Construction 0 3,700 9,700 Manufacturing 0 8,100 92,400 Wholesale 0 10,200 28,500 Retail 1 33,800 73,400 Transport & Comm. 1 34,900 135,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 22,100 153,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 110,300 197,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 21,900 61,100 Government 0 5,600 8,700 Other 0 11,700 8,000 Sub-Total 5 265,100 779,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 81 2,886,300 9,125,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Beaver County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 12 253,800 3,348,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 9,600 23,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 1,100 3,100 Retail 2 43,100 98,400 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 43 1,363,300 3,956,900 Sub-Total 58 1,670,900 7,430,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 27,600 58,100 Mining 0 3,800 10,500 Construction 1 36,600 94,000 Manufacturing 1 47,600 286,600 Wholesale 2 157,200 438,500 Retail 0 10,900 23,200 Transport & Comm. 3 236,600 554,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 92,100 1,976,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 220,300 403,300 Travel & Entertainment 2 37,100 80,500 Government 1 101,100 237,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 17 970,900 4,163,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,000 5,600 Mining 0 400 1,600 Construction 0 15,000 39,500 Manufacturing 0 12,100 82,900 Wholesale 0 39,600 110,400 Retail 3 98,000 215,000 Transport & Comm. 1 58,900 174,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 54,500 526,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 8 400,200 703,700 Travel & Entertainment 3 69,100 186,900 Government 1 48,500 125,500 Other 1 26,900 18,400 Sub-Total 18 824,200 2,191,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 93 3,466,000 13,784,500

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Bedford County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 5 105,700 1,395,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 15,300 37,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 12,900 29,600 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 29 940,900 2,730,800 Sub-Total 36 1,074,800 4,192,700 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 14 244,500 568,700 Mining 0 1,300 7,600 Construction 0 8,400 21,500 Manufacturing 0 20,200 100,400 Wholesale 2 190,300 530,700 Retail 0 5,800 14,400 Transport & Comm. 1 88,200 268,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 22,000 84,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 84,400 166,500 Travel & Entertainment 1 12,700 29,000 Government 0 13,900 22,400 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 19 691,700 1,814,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 3,600 13,200 Mining 0 400 2,600 Construction 0 3,800 10,200 Manufacturing 0 5,000 30,400 Wholesale 1 47,900 133,600 Retail 2 56,000 159,100 Transport & Comm. 0 24,500 101,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 16,000 109,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 76,000 138,600 Travel & Entertainment 1 22,700 63,900 Government 0 5,200 9,900 Other 0 9,000 6,100 Sub-Total 5 270,100 778,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 60 2,036,600 6,785,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Berks County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 54 1,142,000 15,067,600 Wine Grape Vineyards 5 77,000 186,500 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 4 97,500 238,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 117 3,744,200 10,867,500 Sub-Total 180 5,060,700 26,359,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 8 180,400 354,200 Mining 0 2,000 19,200 Construction 2 105,500 271,300 Manufacturing 4 300,500 1,399,900 Wholesale 7 588,100 1,640,200 Retail 1 36,000 78,800 Transport & Comm. 10 740,200 1,788,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 303,300 1,320,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 16 1,051,200 2,024,100 Travel & Entertainment 4 99,000 216,500 Government 1 104,900 160,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 58 3,511,100 9,274,000 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 7,600 19,700 Mining 0 700 4,900 Construction 1 42,000 110,300 Manufacturing 1 66,900 427,800 Wholesale 2 147,900 413,000 Retail 10 326,200 738,900 Transport & Comm. 3 198,700 628,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 4 231,700 1,650,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 21 1,147,600 2,027,400 Travel & Entertainment 8 195,900 575,800 Government 0 40,000 72,000 Other 1 53,300 36,500 Sub-Total 51 2,458,500 6,705,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 289 11,030,300 42,338,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Blair County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 3 63,400 837,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 4,100 10,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 39,200 88,600 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 29 912,100 2,647,200 Sub-Total 33 1,018,800 3,582,900 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 28,000 54,400 Mining 0 10,900 36,800 Construction 0 23,600 60,700 Manufacturing 1 42,400 216,000 Wholesale 2 169,900 473,900 Retail 0 15,900 34,700 Transport & Comm. 4 537,100 1,172,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 95,200 1,984,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 6 385,400 742,700 Travel & Entertainment 2 38,700 82,500 Government 1 70,600 148,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 20 1,417,700 5,008,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,000 6,900 Mining 0 3,700 12,800 Construction 0 9,000 23,700 Manufacturing 0 17,300 108,400 Wholesale 0 42,700 119,300 Retail 4 131,700 303,000 Transport & Comm. 1 129,500 403,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 62,200 584,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 9 479,500 837,600 Travel & Entertainment 3 69,700 184,900 Government 0 28,100 69,600 Other 0 17,200 11,800 Sub-Total 18 992,600 2,666,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 71 3,429,100 11,257,100

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Bradford County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 24 507,600 6,696,700 Wine Grape Vineyards 3 47,900 116,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 9,300 22,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 23 729,600 2,117,800 Sub-Total 50 1,294,400 8,953,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 6 185,100 275,300 Mining 0 5,400 26,100 Construction 0 4,800 12,400 Manufacturing 0 20,900 128,400 Wholesale 1 124,400 347,000 Retail 0 3,900 8,200 Transport & Comm. 1 68,600 201,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 30,500 105,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 258,600 445,600 Travel & Entertainment 0 9,200 22,400 Government 0 12,500 12,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 11 723,900 1,585,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,700 7,200 Mining 0 1,300 6,300 Construction 0 1,800 4,700 Manufacturing 0 5,200 39,100 Wholesale 0 31,300 87,400 Retail 1 36,300 80,300 Transport & Comm. 0 17,500 75,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 21,800 132,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 186,200 328,800 Travel & Entertainment 1 16,900 51,600 Government 0 4,000 4,200 Other 0 6,400 4,400 Sub-Total 5 331,400 821,900 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 66 2,349,700 11,360,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Bucks County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 74 1,565,000 20,648,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 14 229,500 556,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 5,500 15,300 Retail 7 198,400 513,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 72 2,313,700 6,715,500 Sub-Total 167 4,312,100 28,449,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 8 147,800 328,100 Mining 0 8,500 61,400 Construction 3 176,400 455,600 Manufacturing 5 388,800 1,880,300 Wholesale 10 929,900 2,593,300 Retail 2 70,500 151,900 Transport & Comm. 10 743,300 2,319,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 14 682,200 4,069,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 32 2,303,000 4,409,300 Travel & Entertainment 8 178,100 361,500 Government 1 88,000 91,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 93 5,716,500 16,721,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 4,200 17,000 Mining 0 2,900 17,600 Construction 2 101,700 270,700 Manufacturing 1 75,300 461,100 Wholesale 3 233,900 652,900 Retail 17 584,000 1,317,700 Transport & Comm. 3 244,400 1,106,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 10 442,000 3,871,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 37 1,912,700 3,312,500 Travel & Entertainment 14 331,800 883,200 Government 0 28,500 31,300 Other 2 58,200 39,800 Sub-Total 89 4,019,600 11,981,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 349 14,048,200 57,151,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Butler County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 12 253,800 3,348,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 9,600 23,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 200 Retail 2 55,700 142,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 53 1,694,500 4,918,200 Sub-Total 68 2,013,700 8,432,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 55,600 100,500 Mining 0 31,300 96,300 Construction 1 51,400 132,000 Manufacturing 1 76,100 508,200 Wholesale 3 308,500 860,500 Retail 1 20,400 43,000 Transport & Comm. 4 283,400 812,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 140,600 622,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 8 586,900 1,099,100 Travel & Entertainment 2 49,200 110,500 Government 0 37,700 57,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 25 1,641,100 4,443,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 3,500 15,900 Mining 0 4,300 17,000 Construction 0 18,900 49,400 Manufacturing 0 17,200 143,500 Wholesale 1 77,600 216,600 Retail 5 176,800 386,600 Transport & Comm. 2 95,300 370,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 101,300 778,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 12 621,600 1,028,200 Travel & Entertainment 4 85,700 237,000 Government 0 14,400 26,000 Other 1 39,800 27,200 Sub-Total 27 1,256,400 3,295,900 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 120 4,911,200 16,171,300

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Cambria County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 15 317,200 4,185,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,900 4,600 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 32,400 75,700 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 43 1,363,300 3,956,900 Sub-Total 59 1,714,800 8,222,600 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 86,400 121,800 Mining 0 4,300 19,900 Construction 0 17,000 43,700 Manufacturing 1 73,700 470,800 Wholesale 1 123,100 343,200 Retail 0 11,600 24,900 Transport & Comm. 3 351,600 1,192,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 85,900 309,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 9 832,700 1,651,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 29,800 69,200 Government 1 127,600 252,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 20 1,743,700 4,498,600 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,000 5,300 Mining 0 1,300 5,500 Construction 0 7,400 19,600 Manufacturing 0 14,900 104,100 Wholesale 0 31,000 86,400 Retail 3 96,100 218,800 Transport & Comm. 1 110,000 560,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 64,900 423,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 11 486,800 806,100 Travel & Entertainment 2 52,600 147,400 Government 1 54,000 123,400 Other 1 21,000 14,400 Sub-Total 20 942,000 2,514,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 99 4,400,500 15,236,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Cameron County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 1,300 2,800 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 22 691,200 2,006,300 Sub-Total 22 692,500 2,009,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 0 0 Mining 0 0 0 Construction 0 200 600 Manufacturing 0 11,900 50,400 Wholesale 0 1,100 3,100 Retail 0 100 200 Transport & Comm. 0 16,400 25,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 1,600 4,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 2,000 3,800 Travel & Entertainment 0 800 1,500 Government 0 1,700 1,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 0 35,800 91,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 0 0 Mining 0 0 0 Construction 0 100 200 Manufacturing 0 1,000 5,100 Wholesale 0 300 800 Retail 0 1,700 3,700 Transport & Comm. 0 3,100 5,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 1,100 6,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 6,400 11,700 Travel & Entertainment 0 1,400 3,100 Government 0 500 600 Other 0 800 600 Sub-Total 0 16,400 37,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 22 744,700 2,138,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Carbon County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 9 190,300 2,511,300 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 4,100 10,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 12,300 28,700 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 84 2,678,600 7,774,400 Sub-Total 93 2,885,300 10,324,400 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 10,400 14,900 Mining 0 200 2,900 Construction 0 6,900 17,900 Manufacturing 0 16,500 66,900 Wholesale 0 22,100 61,800 Retail 0 3,800 8,000 Transport & Comm. 1 160,400 458,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 26,700 119,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 189,700 379,000 Travel & Entertainment 1 13,200 29,800 Government 0 18,600 33,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 5 468,500 1,192,900 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 300 1,000 Mining 0 100 900 Construction 0 3,600 9,600 Manufacturing 0 5,400 39,600 Wholesale 0 5,600 15,500 Retail 1 30,000 67,200 Transport & Comm. 1 50,800 221,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 18,900 146,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 134,200 234,900 Travel & Entertainment 1 24,300 66,200 Government 0 7,700 16,500 Other 0 7,300 5,000 Sub-Total 6 288,200 824,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 104 3,642,000 12,342,100

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Centre County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 20 423,000 5,580,600 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 22,000 53,400 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 2 63,500 152,600 Research & Education 11 1,129,900 2,879,600 Tourism 48 1,531,300 4,444,500 Sub-Total 82 3,169,700 13,110,700 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 56,800 93,800 Mining 0 20,400 52,400 Construction 0 22,400 57,800 Manufacturing 1 51,600 242,700 Wholesale 1 123,600 344,600 Retail 0 14,400 31,200 Transport & Comm. 2 382,800 742,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 122,100 563,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 7 421,800 764,500 Travel & Entertainment 3 65,800 146,900 Government 1 53,500 123,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 19 1,335,200 3,163,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,200 6,700 Mining 0 1,400 5,300 Construction 0 11,400 30,100 Manufacturing 0 14,800 71,100 Wholesale 0 31,100 86,800 Retail 4 116,000 263,300 Transport & Comm. 1 84,400 247,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 95,900 772,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 16 884,300 1,480,300 Travel & Entertainment 4 102,600 276,400 Government 0 22,400 59,700 Other 0 14,900 10,200 Sub-Total 27 1,381,400 3,310,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 128 5,886,300 19,584,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Chester County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 103 2,178,300 28,740,000 Wine Grape Vineyards 8 124,800 302,400 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 4,500 12,600 Retail 5 148,400 396,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 97 3,086,600 8,958,700 Sub-Total 213 5,542,600 38,410,600 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 19 421,300 813,900 Mining 0 7,200 37,900 Construction 2 138,300 355,700 Manufacturing 4 366,100 1,841,800 Wholesale 9 803,600 2,241,200 Retail 1 50,100 112,300 Transport & Comm. 13 976,600 3,251,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 14 744,800 3,384,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 34 2,398,700 4,606,100 Travel & Entertainment 6 143,200 299,200 Government 1 54,200 71,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 103 6,104,100 17,015,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 29,600 72,100 Mining 0 2,300 10,700 Construction 1 59,800 157,500 Manufacturing 1 92,600 694,800 Wholesale 2 202,100 564,300 Retail 14 443,500 1,111,800 Transport & Comm. 4 290,800 1,266,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 16 731,900 6,040,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 33 1,711,400 3,016,600 Travel & Entertainment 10 234,600 594,500 Government 0 19,300 29,500 Other 2 70,500 48,200 Sub-Total 84 3,888,400 13,607,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 400 15,535,100 69,033,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Clarion County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 37 782,500 10,324,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,900 7,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 10,300 23,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 55 1,761,700 5,113,300 Sub-Total 92 2,557,400 15,468,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 14,000 19,600 Mining 0 5,100 14,500 Construction 0 7,100 18,500 Manufacturing 2 142,100 689,100 Wholesale 0 33,200 92,500 Retail 0 3,900 8,300 Transport & Comm. 1 88,200 250,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 23,100 86,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 60,800 119,400 Travel & Entertainment 0 9,300 22,100 Government 0 25,700 56,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 412,500 1,376,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 300 600 Mining 0 1,600 5,100 Construction 0 5,200 13,900 Manufacturing 0 2,500 14,200 Wholesale 0 8,300 23,300 Retail 1 33,500 73,700 Transport & Comm. 0 27,200 115,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 19,800 131,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 70,600 122,500 Travel & Entertainment 1 16,400 47,300 Government 0 11,800 29,000 Other 0 6,700 4,600 Sub-Total 3 203,900 581,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 99 3,173,800 17,426,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Clearfield County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 36 761,300 10,045,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 15,300 37,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 18,300 43,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 38 1,209,700 3,511,000 Sub-Total 76 2,004,600 13,636,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 6 189,700 265,000 Mining 0 15,700 55,300 Construction 0 14,100 36,800 Manufacturing 1 70,800 298,300 Wholesale 2 152,800 426,200 Retail 0 8,000 17,600 Transport & Comm. 1 112,500 288,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 52,700 198,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 240,300 489,900 Travel & Entertainment 1 18,000 40,500 Government 2 206,800 599,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 17 1,081,400 2,715,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 3,900 6,600 Mining 0 3,400 12,200 Construction 0 12,700 34,200 Manufacturing 0 5,000 29,300 Wholesale 0 38,400 107,300 Retail 2 67,500 155,400 Transport & Comm. 0 31,900 117,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 36,900 242,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 252,100 443,000 Travel & Entertainment 1 30,800 87,400 Government 1 109,500 327,800 Other 0 16,000 10,900 Sub-Total 9 608,100 1,574,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 102 3,694,100 17,926,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Clinton County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,000 2,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 6,400 15,500 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 40 1,267,300 3,678,200 Sub-Total 40 1,274,700 3,696,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 20,700 31,900 Mining 0 2,000 6,000 Construction 0 4,200 10,700 Manufacturing 1 45,900 358,300 Wholesale 0 31,800 88,600 Retail 0 3,300 7,300 Transport & Comm. 1 45,700 107,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 31,900 87,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 23,500 49,100 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,600 16,500 Government 0 11,800 21,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 3 227,400 784,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,800 5,000 Mining 0 100 700 Construction 0 1,200 3,200 Manufacturing 0 18,900 170,800 Wholesale 0 8,000 22,300 Retail 1 29,400 65,700 Transport & Comm. 0 15,000 44,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 23,800 109,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 7 794,200 1,137,400 Travel & Entertainment 1 11,900 36,000 Government 0 4,900 10,100 Other 0 3,800 2,600 Sub-Total 9 913,000 1,607,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 52 2,415,100 6,087,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Columbia County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 15 317,200 4,185,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 3,800 9,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 15,000 37,400 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 75 2,395,300 6,952,400 Sub-Total 91 2,731,300 11,184,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 17,800 34,200 Mining 0 1,100 4,900 Construction 0 9,400 24,300 Manufacturing 2 134,100 510,400 Wholesale 1 58,500 163,200 Retail 0 5,000 10,600 Transport & Comm. 1 59,400 162,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 27,800 107,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 222,700 459,600 Travel & Entertainment 1 15,700 38,400 Government 0 39,200 95,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 8 590,700 1,610,600 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,800 11,200 Mining 0 400 1,500 Construction 0 4,300 11,400 Manufacturing 0 4,600 27,800 Wholesale 0 14,700 41,100 Retail 1 40,600 88,500 Transport & Comm. 0 15,300 63,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 20,000 133,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 145,500 257,100 Travel & Entertainment 2 32,800 99,500 Government 0 19,300 51,200 Other 0 9,700 6,700 Sub-Total 5 309,000 793,200 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 104 3,631,000 13,588,300

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Crawford County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 15 317,200 4,185,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 3,800 9,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 20,400 47,000 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 28 907,300 2,633,300 Sub-Total 44 1,248,700 6,875,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 50,100 87,100 Mining 0 9,500 24,400 Construction 0 11,400 29,300 Manufacturing 1 46,300 287,200 Wholesale 1 122,200 340,900 Retail 0 6,000 13,700 Transport & Comm. 1 160,800 285,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 37,400 140,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 146,100 276,700 Travel & Entertainment 1 18,600 41,000 Government 0 32,300 77,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 9 640,700 1,603,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,000 5,600 Mining 0 1,700 5,200 Construction 0 4,700 12,500 Manufacturing 0 8,800 67,700 Wholesale 0 30,700 85,800 Retail 2 52,400 127,000 Transport & Comm. 0 36,900 108,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 27,400 180,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 225,800 387,200 Travel & Entertainment 2 35,200 96,100 Government 0 15,900 41,700 Other 0 12,300 8,400 Sub-Total 9 453,800 1,126,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 62 2,343,200 9,605,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Cumberland County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 15 317,200 4,185,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 18,200 44,100 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 2,200 6,100 Retail 3 80,800 196,000 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 60 1,920,100 5,573,100 Sub-Total 79 2,338,500 10,004,700 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 6 119,800 234,300 Mining 0 100 5,900 Construction 1 50,000 128,700 Manufacturing 1 58,600 316,600 Wholesale 4 369,600 1,030,700 Retail 1 27,300 58,600 Transport & Comm. 11 820,600 2,090,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 267,300 1,282,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 14 954,100 1,739,300 Travel & Entertainment 3 76,200 161,700 Government 1 67,700 171,200 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 47 2,811,300 7,219,300 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 3,000 10,100 Mining 0 0 1,300 Construction 0 22,300 58,700 Manufacturing 0 31,900 296,600 Wholesale 1 93,000 259,500 Retail 7 234,800 518,000 Transport & Comm. 3 195,700 603,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 217,200 1,819,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 16 856,800 1,498,200 Travel & Entertainment 5 126,500 334,900 Government 0 30,000 85,400 Other 1 34,500 23,600 Sub-Total 38 1,845,700 5,509,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 164 6,995,500 22,733,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Dauphin County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 30 634,500 8,370,900 Wine Grape Vineyards 2 29,200 70,700 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 1,200 3,300 Retail 3 92,900 230,100 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 88 2,817,800 8,178,500 Sub-Total 123 3,575,600 16,853,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 89,000 174,200 Mining 0 1,800 13,300 Construction 1 64,100 165,600 Manufacturing 1 78,100 669,000 Wholesale 4 375,500 1,047,200 Retail 1 27,100 59,900 Transport & Comm. 7 1,059,600 2,503,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 8 599,200 2,359,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 18 1,324,100 2,491,200 Travel & Entertainment 4 107,500 233,900 Government 5 349,400 1,102,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 53 4,075,400 10,819,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,900 12,700 Mining 0 500 2,800 Construction 1 36,400 96,800 Manufacturing 0 28,400 299,600 Wholesale 1 94,500 263,600 Retail 7 234,600 560,200 Transport & Comm. 3 299,900 1,168,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 9 666,400 4,687,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 26 1,493,000 2,824,200 Travel & Entertainment 9 210,400 626,700 Government 2 176,100 580,100 Other 1 49,400 33,800 Sub-Total 59 3,292,500 11,156,300 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 235 10,943,500 38,829,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Delaware County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 20 423,000 5,580,600 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 11,500 27,900 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 6,800 19,100 Retail 5 137,300 347,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 67 2,126,500 6,172,200 Sub-Total 93 2,705,100 12,147,700 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 64,600 91,400 Mining 0 10,500 29,800 Construction 2 104,400 268,500 Manufacturing 2 114,200 997,300 Wholesale 5 453,000 1,263,300 Retail 1 46,600 102,400 Transport & Comm. 9 625,500 1,986,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 9 507,700 2,287,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 26 1,818,900 3,603,100 Travel & Entertainment 6 133,000 278,700 Government 0 39,600 43,600 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 62 3,918,000 10,951,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,900 4,200 Mining 0 2,800 9,000 Construction 1 46,200 121,900 Manufacturing 1 47,100 495,000 Wholesale 1 113,900 318,100 Retail 13 409,300 966,900 Transport & Comm. 3 199,900 896,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 8 391,800 3,084,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 31 1,581,700 2,832,400 Travel & Entertainment 10 218,400 565,400 Government 0 13,100 15,700 Other 2 76,100 52,100 Sub-Total 70 3,102,200 9,360,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 225 9,725,300 32,460,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Elk County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 24 507,600 6,696,700 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,900 7,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 7,600 17,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 29 916,900 2,661,100 Sub-Total 53 1,435,000 9,382,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 30,500 42,100 Mining 0 3,500 11,000 Construction 0 4,800 12,200 Manufacturing 1 90,400 423,600 Wholesale 0 44,000 122,600 Retail 0 2,300 5,000 Transport & Comm. 1 58,700 147,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 14,000 47,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 38,600 74,500 Travel & Entertainment 0 13,800 24,600 Government 0 7,300 7,400 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 307,900 918,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 500 700 Mining 0 1,200 4,000 Construction 0 1,300 3,400 Manufacturing 0 8,800 53,900 Wholesale 0 11,100 30,900 Retail 1 21,700 48,500 Transport & Comm. 0 13,500 45,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 11,400 67,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 104,900 183,800 Travel & Entertainment 1 19,200 43,100 Government 0 2,300 2,400 Other 0 4,600 3,200 Sub-Total 4 200,500 486,500 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 61 1,943,400 10,786,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Erie County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 67 1,417,000 18,695,000 Wine Grape Vineyards 96 1,564,300 3,791,400 Juice Grape Vineyards 441 7,192,300 17,432,100 Wholesale 0 3,600 9,900 Retail 3 89,800 210,800 Research & Education 3 308,100 785,400 Tourism 22 715,200 2,076,000 Sub-Total 632 11,290,300 43,000,600 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 100,700 193,800 Mining 0 1,300 9,500 Construction 1 80,500 206,600 Manufacturing 3 165,400 687,000 Wholesale 3 308,400 860,100 Retail 1 25,200 56,100 Transport & Comm. 4 868,800 1,611,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 7 399,300 1,417,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 12 804,200 1,467,400 Travel & Entertainment 4 96,500 205,000 Government 1 59,000 72,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 40 2,909,300 6,787,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 8,800 21,400 Mining 0 400 2,400 Construction 0 28,200 73,700 Manufacturing 1 34,200 199,500 Wholesale 1 77,600 216,500 Retail 7 227,300 535,200 Transport & Comm. 1 179,000 504,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 287,600 1,825,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 18 945,300 1,646,000 Travel & Entertainment 8 182,900 517,900 Government 0 20,000 27,500 Other 1 45,500 31,100 Sub-Total 42 2,036,800 5,600,900 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 714 16,236,400 55,388,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Fayette County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 12 253,800 3,348,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,900 4,600 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 39,600 110,300 Retail 1 30,500 70,500 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 37 1,171,300 3,399,600 Sub-Total 50 1,497,100 6,933,400 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 49,600 76,300 Mining 0 21,700 86,600 Construction 0 21,300 54,600 Manufacturing 0 21,900 210,100 Wholesale 1 122,200 340,900 Retail 0 11,200 24,200 Transport & Comm. 2 137,400 330,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 57,200 214,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 184,800 336,300 Travel & Entertainment 1 31,900 72,700 Government 0 32,700 38,200 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 10 691,900 1,784,300 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,800 12,200 Mining 0 6,300 26,000 Construction 0 7,400 19,300 Manufacturing 0 7,200 82,500 Wholesale 0 30,800 85,800 Retail 3 96,600 218,500 Transport & Comm. 1 38,200 139,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 44,300 282,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 5 270,500 461,400 Travel & Entertainment 4 93,100 332,900 Government 0 11,000 14,300 Other 1 22,400 15,400 Sub-Total 15 630,600 1,690,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 75 2,819,600 10,408,300

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Forest County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 1,900 4,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 41 1,300,900 3,775,800 Sub-Total 41 1,302,800 3,780,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 10,200 14,100 Mining 0 8,200 22,500 Construction 0 800 1,900 Manufacturing 0 1,700 10,900 Wholesale 0 1,200 3,300 Retail 0 200 400 Transport & Comm. 0 1,100 3,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 1,600 7,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 5,900 11,900 Travel & Entertainment 0 1,200 2,400 Government 0 1,100 1,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 0 33,200 79,900 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 200 300 Mining 0 2,200 6,900 Construction 0 200 500 Manufacturing 0 400 2,700 Wholesale 0 300 800 Retail 0 1,600 3,300 Transport & Comm. 0 500 1,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 1,200 9,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 7,400 13,000 Travel & Entertainment 0 1,900 4,300 Government 0 400 400 Other 0 1,000 700 Sub-Total 0 17,300 44,300 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 41 1,353,300 3,904,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Franklin County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 6,700 16,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 37,300 86,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 36 1,137,700 3,302,000 Sub-Total 43 1,308,600 5,079,400 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 85,000 126,800 Mining 0 1,200 14,900 Construction 1 31,400 80,700 Manufacturing 1 40,500 202,200 Wholesale 3 245,400 684,500 Retail 0 14,400 30,100 Transport & Comm. 3 295,200 708,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 88,800 781,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 5 443,900 874,800 Travel & Entertainment 1 33,200 76,500 Government 0 19,100 27,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 19 1,298,100 3,608,000 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 4,200 15,500 Mining 0 400 3,300 Construction 0 12,600 33,200 Manufacturing 0 14,100 90,700 Wholesale 1 61,700 172,300 Retail 4 126,600 275,900 Transport & Comm. 1 84,700 323,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 61,700 500,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 7 378,500 664,400 Travel & Entertainment 3 59,400 170,100 Government 0 7,100 11,700 Other 1 24,200 16,600 Sub-Total 18 835,200 2,277,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 80 3,441,900 10,965,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Fulton County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 1,700 4,100 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 20 638,400 1,853,000 Sub-Total 20 640,100 1,857,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 33,100 48,400 Mining 0 0 0 Construction 0 2,800 7,200 Manufacturing 0 3,800 14,600 Wholesale 1 108,600 303,000 Retail 0 1,200 2,600 Transport & Comm. 0 4,400 13,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 5,900 18,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 8,200 17,000 Travel & Entertainment 0 2,300 6,300 Government 0 2,600 2,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 2 172,900 433,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 900 3,700 Mining 0 0 0 Construction 0 900 2,300 Manufacturing 0 400 2,100 Wholesale 0 27,300 76,300 Retail 0 10,100 21,800 Transport & Comm. 0 1,200 4,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 3,600 20,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 19,900 37,200 Travel & Entertainment 0 4,500 14,800 Government 0 900 900 Other 0 2,400 1,600 Sub-Total 0 72,100 185,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 22 885,100 2,476,500

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Greene County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 4 84,600 1,116,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,100 5,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 4,100 10,000 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 32 1,008,100 2,925,900 Sub-Total 36 1,098,900 4,057,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 13,600 26,800 Mining 0 35,300 404,300 Construction 0 8,000 20,500 Manufacturing 0 4,900 30,100 Wholesale 1 52,000 145,100 Retail 0 2,200 4,500 Transport & Comm. 1 55,800 106,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 23,500 78,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 82,800 162,100 Travel & Entertainment 0 4,400 11,800 Government 0 9,100 9,300 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 291,600 999,000 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 200 500 Mining 0 4,100 57,100 Construction 0 2,200 5,600 Manufacturing 0 1,300 11,700 Wholesale 0 13,100 36,500 Retail 0 17,800 38,200 Transport & Comm. 0 20,400 51,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 15,700 93,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 80,600 134,600 Travel & Entertainment 0 8,400 28,100 Government 0 2,900 3,100 Other 0 5,800 4,000 Sub-Total 2 172,500 463,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 42 1,563,000 5,519,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 15,300 37,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 6,500 15,800 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 37 1,176,100 3,413,500 Sub-Total 38 1,197,900 3,466,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 19,700 31,600 Mining 0 800 18,500 Construction 0 5,400 13,800 Manufacturing 0 5,200 28,700 Wholesale 1 44,600 124,500 Retail 0 2,900 6,100 Transport & Comm. 0 57,500 184,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 19,300 64,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 88,700 180,300 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,700 15,900 Government 0 10,400 10,600 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 3 261,200 678,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,500 6,700 Mining 0 300 3,400 Construction 0 1,800 4,700 Manufacturing 0 1,500 8,000 Wholesale 0 11,200 31,300 Retail 1 26,400 57,600 Transport & Comm. 0 17,300 79,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 15,300 94,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 82,500 142,000 Travel & Entertainment 1 12,900 37,600 Government 0 3,300 3,500 Other 0 8,400 5,700 Sub-Total 4 182,400 474,500 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 45 1,641,500 4,619,500

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Indiana County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 35 740,200 9,766,000 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,100 5,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 200 Retail 1 19,400 44,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 59 1,896,100 5,503,400 Sub-Total 95 2,657,900 15,318,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 34,100 56,200 Mining 1 62,200 176,600 Construction 0 24,100 61,800 Manufacturing 0 21,600 108,000 Wholesale 1 93,900 261,700 Retail 0 7,000 15,400 Transport & Comm. 2 201,800 439,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 63,100 225,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 6 562,000 1,114,700 Travel & Entertainment 1 18,800 43,600 Government 1 60,600 140,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 14 1,149,200 2,643,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,900 6,300 Mining 0 7,100 24,100 Construction 0 6,900 17,800 Manufacturing 0 4,900 27,500 Wholesale 0 23,600 65,900 Retail 2 60,200 135,700 Transport & Comm. 1 48,300 135,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 45,000 281,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 225,000 389,600 Travel & Entertainment 2 35,100 102,200 Government 0 28,900 74,300 Other 0 11,300 7,700 Sub-Total 10 499,200 1,267,500 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 119 4,306,300 19,229,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Jefferson County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 16 338,400 4,464,500 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,000 2,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 7,300 17,100 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 41 1,310,500 3,803,600 Sub-Total 57 1,657,200 8,287,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 34,200 60,900 Mining 0 10,300 34,700 Construction 0 5,800 15,000 Manufacturing 2 177,400 836,400 Wholesale 1 74,400 207,600 Retail 0 3,300 7,300 Transport & Comm. 0 61,500 109,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 18,700 72,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 106,000 204,100 Travel & Entertainment 0 7,900 18,400 Government 0 9,900 10,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 5 509,400 1,575,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 600 1,700 Mining 0 2,000 7,400 Construction 0 3,500 9,300 Manufacturing 0 3,800 19,000 Wholesale 0 18,700 52,300 Retail 1 29,300 64,200 Transport & Comm. 0 14,200 32,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 12,700 86,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 101,200 174,200 Travel & Entertainment 1 13,400 39,800 Government 0 3,100 3,300 Other 0 6,300 4,300 Sub-Total 4 208,800 494,500 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 66 2,375,400 10,357,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Juniata County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 6,200 14,900 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 3,600 8,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 55 1,747,300 5,071,500 Sub-Total 61 1,884,000 6,768,900 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 67,900 118,700 Mining 0 0 200 Construction 0 3,600 9,200 Manufacturing 0 5,000 31,100 Wholesale 0 35,500 98,900 Retail 0 1,500 3,200 Transport & Comm. 0 33,200 80,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 16,200 57,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 272,100 545,000 Travel & Entertainment 0 3,100 7,700 Government 0 5,900 9,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 5 444,000 961,000 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,600 6,100 Mining 0 0 100 Construction 0 1,300 3,500 Manufacturing 0 12,400 75,900 Wholesale 0 8,900 24,900 Retail 0 12,700 27,100 Transport & Comm. 0 7,400 19,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 14,500 92,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 48,600 87,600 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,600 19,600 Government 0 2,300 4,200 Other 0 8,000 5,400 Sub-Total 1 124,300 366,900 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 67 2,452,300 8,096,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 32 676,800 8,928,900 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 2,500 6,900 Retail 2 63,600 158,100 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 46 1,459,300 4,235,500 Sub-Total 80 2,202,200 13,329,400 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 30,000 43,300 Mining 0 2,400 44,400 Construction 1 42,700 109,900 Manufacturing 2 143,600 933,000 Wholesale 5 407,600 1,136,800 Retail 1 22,600 50,000 Transport & Comm. 7 708,600 1,559,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 4 189,100 1,571,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 13 1,095,300 2,037,300 Travel & Entertainment 3 66,800 142,900 Government 0 34,400 54,400 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 37 2,743,100 7,683,300 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 800 2,200 Mining 0 800 10,200 Construction 0 21,000 55,700 Manufacturing 1 33,500 222,700 Wholesale 1 102,500 286,200 Retail 6 200,400 461,200 Transport & Comm. 2 181,400 595,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 130,100 998,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 14 827,500 1,465,300 Travel & Entertainment 5 113,600 300,600 Government 0 12,500 23,400 Other 1 28,800 19,700 Sub-Total 33 1,652,900 4,440,900 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 150 6,598,200 25,453,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 118 2,495,500 32,925,500 Wine Grape Vineyards 9 142,900 346,400 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 1,100 3,100 Retail 5 148,900 364,600 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 104 3,336,200 9,683,200 Sub-Total 236 6,124,600 43,322,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 19 454,400 871,800 Mining 0 5,300 51,000 Construction 3 176,300 453,200 Manufacturing 6 358,800 1,824,200 Wholesale 11 981,200 2,736,500 Retail 2 56,500 136,400 Transport & Comm. 11 949,000 2,314,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 8 404,400 1,814,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 27 2,361,700 4,756,000 Travel & Entertainment 6 147,700 320,200 Government 1 53,500 69,600 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 94 5,948,800 15,347,900 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 20,800 87,800 Mining 0 1,700 16,600 Construction 1 69,900 183,700 Manufacturing 2 97,200 744,500 Wholesale 3 246,800 689,000 Retail 18 549,800 1,464,800 Transport & Comm. 3 237,200 840,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 6 286,600 2,277,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 31 1,836,300 3,182,400 Travel & Entertainment 11 248,400 661,000 Government 0 18,900 28,300 Other 2 94,400 64,600 Sub-Total 78 3,708,000 10,240,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 408 15,781,400 68,911,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Lawrence County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 12 253,800 3,348,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 4,100 10,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 18,600 45,400 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 38 1,214,500 3,525,000 Sub-Total 51 1,491,000 6,928,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 29,400 46,400 Mining 0 11,300 33,500 Construction 0 12,200 31,400 Manufacturing 2 155,600 590,300 Wholesale 1 102,800 286,600 Retail 0 7,200 14,300 Transport & Comm. 1 78,900 199,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 79,500 1,112,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 275,200 550,900 Travel & Entertainment 1 21,100 44,900 Government 0 8,900 12,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 12 782,100 2,922,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,400 9,000 Mining 0 800 4,500 Construction 0 4,300 11,200 Manufacturing 0 8,700 47,700 Wholesale 0 25,800 72,100 Retail 2 56,900 121,300 Transport & Comm. 0 21,300 81,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 50,500 416,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 5 250,700 453,800 Travel & Entertainment 3 70,700 255,500 Government 0 3,300 5,200 Other 0 16,200 11,100 Sub-Total 11 511,600 1,489,500 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 74 2,784,700 11,340,500

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Lebanon County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,900 4,600 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 25,500 64,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 103 3,278,600 9,516,000 Sub-Total 110 3,432,900 11,259,700 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 70,900 124,100 Mining 0 2,000 7,100 Construction 0 21,700 55,800 Manufacturing 1 92,700 476,300 Wholesale 3 230,300 642,200 Retail 0 10,900 23,400 Transport & Comm. 3 228,900 531,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 98,100 357,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 180,300 339,200 Travel & Entertainment 1 30,600 68,700 Government 0 15,600 27,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 16 982,000 2,653,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,400 9,900 Mining 0 700 2,400 Construction 0 11,000 29,200 Manufacturing 1 30,800 218,500 Wholesale 1 57,900 161,700 Retail 3 94,600 213,500 Transport & Comm. 1 57,200 177,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 67,500 430,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 7 381,800 680,300 Travel & Entertainment 3 84,200 296,100 Government 0 6,400 13,500 Other 1 28,100 19,200 Sub-Total 18 822,600 2,252,300 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 144 5,237,500 16,165,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Lehigh County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 79 1,670,700 22,043,300 Wine Grape Vineyards 10 161,000 390,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 200 Retail 4 110,400 274,500 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 100 3,206,600 9,307,000 Sub-Total 193 5,148,800 32,015,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 94,900 186,200 Mining 0 3,500 16,700 Construction 1 73,800 190,400 Manufacturing 3 261,700 1,384,200 Wholesale 5 428,100 1,193,900 Retail 1 40,800 99,100 Transport & Comm. 10 1,000,800 3,917,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 6 279,500 1,590,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 33 2,892,400 5,669,000 Travel & Entertainment 4 102,200 221,300 Government 0 27,300 40,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 67 5,205,000 14,508,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,800 7,100 Mining 0 1,200 5,900 Construction 1 38,900 103,200 Manufacturing 1 46,200 295,100 Wholesale 1 107,700 300,600 Retail 11 372,500 1,016,100 Transport & Comm. 3 304,600 1,559,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 212,100 1,745,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 25 1,481,300 2,669,400 Travel & Entertainment 8 189,500 504,200 Government 0 9,700 16,800 Other 2 66,200 45,300 Sub-Total 57 2,832,700 8,268,500 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 317 13,186,500 54,792,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 18 380,700 5,022,500 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,900 7,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 400 Retail 3 91,500 224,700 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 68 2,164,900 6,283,600 Sub-Total 89 2,640,100 11,538,200 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 52,500 98,400 Mining 0 9,800 112,800 Construction 1 63,500 163,700 Manufacturing 2 139,300 801,500 Wholesale 5 479,700 1,337,900 Retail 1 32,500 70,700 Transport & Comm. 9 1,230,600 2,393,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 294,000 1,077,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 11 773,000 1,450,700 Travel & Entertainment 4 87,400 193,800 Government 1 81,300 125,300 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 41 3,243,600 7,825,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,300 9,500 Mining 0 2,600 21,900 Construction 1 32,900 87,400 Manufacturing 1 43,500 292,600 Wholesale 1 120,700 336,800 Retail 8 275,900 633,300 Transport & Comm. 2 275,800 835,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 4 231,400 1,482,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 20 981,100 1,700,400 Travel & Entertainment 8 194,800 627,700 Government 0 29,400 53,300 Other 1 32,400 22,200 Sub-Total 46 2,222,800 6,102,600 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 176 8,106,500 25,466,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Lycoming County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 12 253,800 3,348,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,900 7,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 200 400 Retail 1 29,200 70,700 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 39 1,233,700 3,580,700 Sub-Total 52 1,519,800 7,007,200 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 37,400 72,100 Mining 1 55,400 149,100 Construction 0 18,600 47,800 Manufacturing 1 36,600 241,600 Wholesale 3 222,600 620,700 Retail 0 11,500 29,200 Transport & Comm. 2 349,900 626,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 85,300 319,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 6 498,900 1,030,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 33,500 73,500 Government 1 81,300 171,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 18 1,431,000 3,381,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,000 3,900 Mining 0 6,400 21,500 Construction 0 7,400 19,500 Manufacturing 0 16,400 116,600 Wholesale 1 56,000 156,300 Retail 4 111,700 316,400 Transport & Comm. 1 77,200 211,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 63,200 420,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 9 610,700 999,200 Travel & Entertainment 2 55,900 155,200 Government 0 36,700 87,700 Other 0 18,200 12,400 Sub-Total 18 1,060,800 2,521,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 88 4,011,600 12,909,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Mckean County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 15 317,200 4,185,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,900 4,600 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 100 Retail 0 8,900 20,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 24 758,400 2,201,400 Sub-Total 39 1,086,400 6,411,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 135,500 189,300 Mining 0 49,300 139,200 Construction 0 4,600 11,700 Manufacturing 1 81,400 633,600 Wholesale 1 63,000 175,600 Retail 0 2,300 5,200 Transport & Comm. 0 48,200 106,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 28,200 80,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 36,200 68,400 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,500 14,500 Government 0 19,900 39,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 7 475,100 1,463,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,000 4,900 Mining 0 15,600 48,300 Construction 0 1,300 3,300 Manufacturing 0 10,400 175,200 Wholesale 0 15,800 44,200 Retail 1 21,200 47,000 Transport & Comm. 0 12,400 43,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 21,800 115,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 125,700 232,200 Travel & Entertainment 1 12,500 34,600 Government 0 7,700 18,100 Other 0 5,600 3,800 Sub-Total 4 252,000 771,300 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 50 1,813,500 8,646,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Mercer County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 15 317,200 4,185,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 15,300 37,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 26,500 63,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 40 1,281,700 3,720,000 Sub-Total 57 1,640,700 8,006,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 41,800 82,800 Mining 0 17,900 49,600 Construction 0 16,800 43,400 Manufacturing 3 175,700 662,700 Wholesale 2 169,000 471,300 Retail 0 10,300 22,700 Transport & Comm. 2 139,400 358,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 68,300 254,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 193,800 379,700 Travel & Entertainment 1 32,800 68,500 Government 1 69,700 157,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 15 935,500 2,551,600 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 3,600 17,900 Mining 0 3,000 10,100 Construction 0 9,300 24,800 Manufacturing 0 16,200 110,500 Wholesale 0 42,500 118,700 Retail 3 85,400 191,600 Transport & Comm. 1 43,400 143,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 54,400 362,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 6 338,200 584,400 Travel & Entertainment 3 58,400 151,200 Government 0 32,800 82,500 Other 0 18,800 12,900 Sub-Total 14 706,000 1,810,300 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 86 3,282,200 12,368,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Mifflin County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 17 359,500 4,743,500 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 23,000 55,800 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 7,800 18,000 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 38 1,209,700 3,511,000 Sub-Total 56 1,600,000 8,328,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 65,800 93,100 Mining 0 -100 10,100 Construction 0 6,100 15,800 Manufacturing 0 14,600 74,900 Wholesale 1 73,200 204,200 Retail 0 3,400 7,900 Transport & Comm. 1 90,200 144,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 29,000 94,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 91,400 179,500 Travel & Entertainment 0 8,400 18,000 Government 0 6,600 6,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 5 388,600 849,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,100 3,700 Mining 0 0 1,400 Construction 0 2,100 5,400 Manufacturing 0 3,000 15,300 Wholesale 0 18,400 51,400 Retail 1 33,500 81,500 Transport & Comm. 0 18,600 42,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 22,700 128,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 105,100 182,800 Travel & Entertainment 1 15,500 41,900 Government 0 2,100 2,300 Other 0 8,300 5,700 Sub-Total 4 230,400 562,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 65 2,219,000 9,739,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Monroe County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 30 634,500 8,370,900 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 23,300 56,500 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 2 51,300 136,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 65 2,088,100 6,060,700 Sub-Total 98 2,797,200 14,624,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 72,600 145,000 Mining 0 500 13,100 Construction 0 23,100 59,400 Manufacturing 0 19,600 140,200 Wholesale 2 214,300 597,600 Retail 0 15,400 33,600 Transport & Comm. 2 127,400 339,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 85,800 429,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 5 400,100 802,300 Travel & Entertainment 2 50,600 112,300 Government 0 23,200 23,900 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 17 1,032,600 2,696,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,400 3,100 Mining 0 100 2,300 Construction 0 9,300 24,500 Manufacturing 0 40,500 362,500 Wholesale 1 53,900 150,500 Retail 4 124,200 284,600 Transport & Comm. 1 34,100 138,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 60,700 528,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 9 389,900 794,700 Travel & Entertainment 4 114,900 376,000 Government 0 7,600 8,300 Other 0 16,900 11,600 Sub-Total 20 853,500 2,684,900 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 135 4,683,300 20,005,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 20 423,000 5,580,600 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 12,500 30,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 1 76,500 213,300 Retail 10 288,000 737,000 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 87 2,769,800 8,039,200 Sub-Total 119 3,569,800 14,600,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 94,400 154,900 Mining 0 10,400 59,800 Construction 4 263,800 679,300 Manufacturing 5 383,100 1,782,000 Wholesale 20 1,735,900 4,841,300 Retail 3 104,700 226,700 Transport & Comm. 17 2,586,300 6,405,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 27 1,410,000 7,554,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 84 6,288,400 11,986,100 Travel & Entertainment 13 307,000 634,100 Government 1 88,100 108,200 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 177 13,272,100 34,432,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 4,100 12,500 Mining 0 3,200 15,700 Construction 2 124,100 328,200 Manufacturing 2 120,800 1,009,100 Wholesale 5 436,700 1,218,900 Retail 26 836,000 1,973,400 Transport & Comm. 6 629,100 2,449,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 25 1,173,100 9,051,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 69 3,815,400 6,751,300 Travel & Entertainment 20 452,400 1,141,800 Government 0 30,600 42,700 Other 3 120,200 82,300 Sub-Total 158 7,745,700 24,076,200 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 454 24,587,600 73,109,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Montour County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 20,100 48,800 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 200 Retail 0 4,600 11,700 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 52 1,675,300 4,862,500 Sub-Total 53 1,700,100 4,923,200 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 5,300 12,100 Mining 0 200 600 Construction 0 2,300 6,100 Manufacturing 0 1,800 10,400 Wholesale 0 37,800 105,400 Retail 0 1,300 2,800 Transport & Comm. 0 33,700 78,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 12,000 44,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 305,400 488,000 Travel & Entertainment 0 4,100 8,700 Government 0 3,400 3,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 407,300 761,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 600 3,300 Mining 0 100 200 Construction 0 1,400 3,600 Manufacturing 0 1,900 11,100 Wholesale 0 9,500 26,500 Retail 0 11,100 23,800 Transport & Comm. 0 8,600 22,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 9,400 62,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 107,600 173,300 Travel & Entertainment 0 7,200 19,100 Government 0 1,100 1,300 Other 0 3,500 2,400 Sub-Total 2 162,000 349,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 59 2,269,400 6,033,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Northampton County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 42 888,200 11,719,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 5 77,500 187,800 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 2,200 6,100 Retail 2 66,700 176,600 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 76 2,433,700 7,063,900 Sub-Total 125 3,468,300 19,153,600 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 5 97,800 203,100 Mining 0 5,000 25,700 Construction 1 63,600 163,300 Manufacturing 1 97,500 477,100 Wholesale 5 430,800 1,201,400 Retail 1 25,100 60,600 Transport & Comm. 5 461,900 1,193,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 164,400 741,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 14 1,065,200 1,964,400 Travel & Entertainment 3 60,500 135,500 Government 1 131,300 135,300 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 39 2,603,100 6,301,900 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,600 12,100 Mining 0 1,700 7,700 Construction 0 22,800 59,600 Manufacturing 1 33,400 200,200 Wholesale 1 108,400 302,500 Retail 7 229,200 630,400 Transport & Comm. 2 143,200 589,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 117,900 940,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 16 939,900 1,692,300 Travel & Entertainment 5 107,600 298,200 Government 0 41,400 44,000 Other 1 34,900 23,900 Sub-Total 36 1,783,000 4,800,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 200 7,854,400 30,256,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Northumberland County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 33 697,900 9,208,000 Wine Grape Vineyards 2 34,200 82,900 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 17,400 38,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 76 2,419,300 7,022,100 Sub-Total 112 3,168,800 16,351,900 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 46,800 108,500 Mining 0 3,500 32,800 Construction 0 10,600 27,500 Manufacturing 1 38,800 230,000 Wholesale 2 148,200 413,200 Retail 0 6,900 14,700 Transport & Comm. 2 131,300 320,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 47,700 206,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 200,900 404,900 Travel & Entertainment 0 11,100 24,200 Government 1 50,900 119,300 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 12 696,700 1,902,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,300 9,600 Mining 0 1,100 6,900 Construction 0 8,300 22,100 Manufacturing 0 14,300 124,100 Wholesale 0 37,300 104,000 Retail 2 58,700 127,000 Transport & Comm. 1 33,900 91,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 34,500 262,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 167,100 300,000 Travel & Entertainment 1 24,700 69,800 Government 0 24,500 63,100 Other 0 13,800 9,500 Sub-Total 8 420,500 1,189,200 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 132 4,286,000 19,443,300

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Perry County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 12 253,800 3,348,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 21,100 51,100 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 100 Retail 0 6,100 13,400 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 63 2,025,700 5,879,600 Sub-Total 76 2,306,700 9,292,600 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 30,300 46,200 Mining 0 0 0 Construction 0 6,700 17,400 Manufacturing 0 11,100 176,200 Wholesale 0 12,500 34,800 Retail 0 2,200 4,700 Transport & Comm. 0 25,900 63,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 15,100 55,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 64,300 112,500 Travel & Entertainment 0 3,600 7,900 Government 0 8,400 8,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 2 180,100 527,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,500 6,400 Mining 0 0 0 Construction 0 3,200 8,300 Manufacturing 0 4,900 83,600 Wholesale 0 3,100 8,800 Retail 1 21,600 47,300 Transport & Comm. 0 7,700 24,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 11,100 71,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 55,800 89,700 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,400 17,100 Government 0 2,700 2,800 Other 0 18,200 12,400 Sub-Total 2 136,200 373,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 80 2,623,000 10,192,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 12,700 35,400 Retail 15 436,400 1,064,100 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 62 1,982,500 5,754,200 Sub-Total 83 2,558,500 8,527,900 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 17,500 28,500 Mining 0 3,400 11,600 Construction 2 141,600 365,000 Manufacturing 3 280,900 2,101,100 Wholesale 10 843,500 2,352,300 Retail 3 85,100 210,000 Transport & Comm. 39 4,799,300 13,207,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 36 1,993,000 9,265,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 72 5,148,900 10,061,800 Travel & Entertainment 19 611,000 1,258,500 Government 7 641,000 1,627,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 192 14,565,200 40,488,600 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,000 8,500 Mining 0 1,200 4,200 Construction 1 70,600 187,200 Manufacturing 2 206,600 1,813,700 Wholesale 2 212,200 592,200 Retail 27 834,000 2,207,500 Transport & Comm. 11 1,129,000 4,409,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 33 1,854,600 14,114,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 107 6,560,200 11,685,200 Travel & Entertainment 32 886,900 2,219,400 Government 3 311,100 858,700 Other 7 271,200 185,600 Sub-Total 225 12,339,600 38,286,200 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 500 29,463,300 87,302,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Pike County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 1,000 2,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 11,100 28,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 39 1,248,100 3,622,500 Sub-Total 45 1,387,100 5,327,900 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 18,800 28,500 Mining 0 1,400 13,400 Construction 0 5,700 14,700 Manufacturing 0 2,800 19,300 Wholesale 0 15,400 42,900 Retail 0 3,000 6,500 Transport & Comm. 0 34,500 179,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 26,400 137,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 53,100 100,300 Travel & Entertainment 1 13,800 29,800 Government 0 7,800 8,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 182,700 580,500 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 300 500 Mining 0 500 3,800 Construction 0 3,600 9,600 Manufacturing 0 700 6,700 Wholesale 0 3,900 10,800 Retail 1 24,800 55,800 Transport & Comm. 0 13,400 84,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 17,800 157,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 66,700 124,000 Travel & Entertainment 1 39,300 138,000 Government 0 2,500 2,600 Other 0 6,900 4,700 Sub-Total 4 180,400 598,300 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 53 1,750,200 6,506,700

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Potter County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 3 63,400 837,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,100 5,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 2,600 6,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 18 590,400 1,713,700 Sub-Total 21 658,500 2,562,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 9,000 16,200 Mining 0 12,600 33,000 Construction 0 2,100 5,400 Manufacturing 0 14,100 90,900 Wholesale 0 5,500 15,200 Retail 0 1,100 2,500 Transport & Comm. 0 146,600 253,300 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 8,900 30,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 7,800 14,300 Travel & Entertainment 0 1,900 4,800 Government 0 8,800 16,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 0 218,400 482,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,500 5,900 Mining 0 2,700 8,300 Construction 0 800 2,200 Manufacturing 0 1,600 9,300 Wholesale 0 1,400 3,800 Retail 0 9,700 21,500 Transport & Comm. 0 45,200 87,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 7,700 47,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 32,500 58,800 Travel & Entertainment 0 3,700 11,500 Government 0 3,700 8,100 Other 0 3,000 2,000 Sub-Total 1 114,500 265,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 22 991,400 3,309,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 24 507,600 6,696,700 Wine Grape Vineyards 4 71,300 172,800 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 24,600 58,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 108 3,451,400 10,017,600 Sub-Total 137 4,054,900 16,945,400 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 33,900 48,100 Mining 0 6,400 78,800 Construction 0 15,600 40,200 Manufacturing 1 55,300 426,600 Wholesale 1 122,500 341,700 Retail 0 11,300 25,100 Transport & Comm. 2 152,400 409,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 88,300 343,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 196,500 393,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 22,600 49,200 Government 0 38,000 62,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 10 742,800 2,217,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,200 2,900 Mining 0 1,200 13,200 Construction 0 8,300 21,900 Manufacturing 0 26,200 337,700 Wholesale 0 30,800 86,000 Retail 3 104,000 235,700 Transport & Comm. 1 42,500 163,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 63,000 433,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 5 250,600 451,000 Travel & Entertainment 2 42,600 116,300 Government 0 14,700 28,300 Other 0 17,900 12,200 Sub-Total 12 603,000 1,902,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 159 5,400,700 21,064,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Snyder County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 8 169,200 2,232,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 1,100 3,100 Retail 0 10,300 24,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 49 1,560,100 4,528,100 Sub-Total 57 1,740,700 6,788,300 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 22,200 67,600 Mining 0 3,100 25,200 Construction 0 7,600 19,500 Manufacturing 2 90,000 361,900 Wholesale 1 45,600 127,200 Retail 0 8,900 20,400 Transport & Comm. 0 150,300 217,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 20,100 63,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 56,200 80,700 Travel & Entertainment 0 11,600 25,800 Government 0 7,200 7,400 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 5 422,800 1,016,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 4,800 30,500 Mining 0 1,000 8,700 Construction 0 3,400 9,000 Manufacturing 0 7,700 43,600 Wholesale 0 11,500 32,000 Retail 2 68,200 158,000 Transport & Comm. 0 27,300 64,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 15,400 88,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 171,500 239,400 Travel & Entertainment 1 20,500 56,300 Government 0 2,300 2,500 Other 0 7,500 5,100 Sub-Total 7 341,100 737,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 69 2,504,600 8,541,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Somerset County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 8,600 20,900 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 1 13,600 31,700 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 35 1,118,500 3,246,300 Sub-Total 43 1,267,600 4,973,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 38,900 68,300 Mining 0 3,700 55,200 Construction 0 13,000 33,400 Manufacturing 0 26,800 121,800 Wholesale 1 65,400 182,300 Retail 0 5,300 11,900 Transport & Comm. 1 201,700 592,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 54,100 174,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 4 291,100 555,400 Travel & Entertainment 1 15,800 37,500 Government 0 18,400 18,800 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 10 734,200 1,851,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,400 4,600 Mining 0 800 13,200 Construction 0 4,600 12,200 Manufacturing 0 5,800 44,300 Wholesale 0 16,400 45,900 Retail 1 46,000 109,600 Transport & Comm. 1 68,000 292,700 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 40,100 236,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 7 291,300 474,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 28,900 84,700 Government 0 5,900 6,200 Other 0 12,900 8,900 Sub-Total 11 522,100 1,333,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 64 2,523,900 8,157,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Sullivan County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 13 274,900 3,627,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 2 26,800 65,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 1,900 4,500 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 30 955,300 2,772,600 Sub-Total 45 1,258,900 6,469,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 19,300 27,400 Mining 0 1,200 6,200 Construction 0 1,100 2,900 Manufacturing 0 2,400 17,700 Wholesale 0 7,500 20,800 Retail 0 600 1,400 Transport & Comm. 0 21,900 55,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 4,400 18,800 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 26,200 50,300 Travel & Entertainment 0 2,200 4,800 Government 0 5,000 6,300 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 1 91,800 211,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 400 1,200 Mining 0 100 700 Construction 0 800 2,100 Manufacturing 0 900 6,000 Wholesale 0 1,900 5,200 Retail 0 5,900 16,300 Transport & Comm. 0 4,700 18,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 3,100 23,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 19,300 33,300 Travel & Entertainment 0 3,500 9,800 Government 0 1,700 2,500 Other 0 1,200 800 Sub-Total 0 43,500 119,700 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 46 1,394,200 6,801,000

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 2 42,300 558,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 2,900 7,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 100 Retail 0 6,900 16,100 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 21 676,800 1,964,500 Sub-Total 23 728,900 2,545,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 10,800 17,500 Mining 0 37,900 139,700 Construction 0 3,700 9,500 Manufacturing 0 6,700 36,600 Wholesale 0 43,300 120,700 Retail 0 3,200 6,900 Transport & Comm. 0 46,600 108,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 21,400 74,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 0 28,200 56,200 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,700 15,200 Government 0 10,900 11,100 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 0 219,400 595,400 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 800 2,800 Mining 0 11,800 47,100 Construction 0 1,300 3,400 Manufacturing 0 3,200 23,300 Wholesale 0 10,900 30,400 Retail 1 24,500 53,400 Transport & Comm. 0 13,500 48,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 14,700 90,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 1 48,500 84,300 Travel & Entertainment 1 13,100 38,200 Government 0 3,400 3,600 Other 0 5,800 4,000 Sub-Total 3 151,500 429,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 26 1,099,800 3,570,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Tioga County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 11,500 27,900 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 8,500 20,200 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 20 633,600 1,839,100 Sub-Total 21 653,600 1,887,200 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 40,100 62,200 Mining 0 6,400 18,800 Construction 0 6,800 17,600 Manufacturing 0 21,700 124,500 Wholesale 0 42,500 118,600 Retail 0 2,800 5,900 Transport & Comm. 1 79,700 296,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 27,100 109,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 241,200 499,400 Travel & Entertainment 0 8,600 20,700 Government 0 9,200 9,400 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 486,100 1,283,300 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 2,600 8,200 Mining 0 1,400 4,500 Construction 0 3,200 8,400 Manufacturing 0 2,800 20,900 Wholesale 0 10,700 29,900 Retail 1 27,300 58,400 Transport & Comm. 0 29,800 159,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 19,500 144,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 122,000 223,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 15,200 44,500 Government 0 2,900 3,100 Other 0 9,400 6,500 Sub-Total 4 246,800 710,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 29 1,386,500 3,881,300

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Union County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 6 126,900 1,674,200 Wine Grape Vineyards 2 33,500 81,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 12,200 30,600 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 45 1,425,700 4,138,000 Sub-Total 53 1,598,300 5,924,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 18,100 34,300 Mining 0 600 11,800 Construction 0 7,900 20,200 Manufacturing 0 9,100 46,500 Wholesale 0 22,600 63,100 Retail 0 2,800 5,600 Transport & Comm. 1 64,100 207,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 29,500 120,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 183,300 367,800 Travel & Entertainment 1 14,200 34,200 Government 1 57,400 155,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 7 409,600 1,066,600 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,500 5,400 Mining 0 200 4,000 Construction 0 3,200 8,500 Manufacturing 0 3,800 18,600 Wholesale 0 5,700 15,900 Retail 1 21,100 44,700 Transport & Comm. 0 21,600 106,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 21,500 155,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 156,300 274,200 Travel & Entertainment 1 24,900 74,100 Government 0 30,200 85,600 Other 0 4,900 3,400 Sub-Total 5 294,900 795,800 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 65 2,302,800 7,786,500

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Venango County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 0 0 0 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 3,800 9,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 11,700 26,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 50 1,608,100 4,667,400 Sub-Total 50 1,623,600 4,703,000 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 58,700 114,200 Mining 0 14,900 40,600 Construction 0 7,000 18,100 Manufacturing 0 32,400 160,300 Wholesale 1 49,500 138,200 Retail 0 6,100 12,600 Transport & Comm. 1 79,100 171,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 29,300 107,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 196,700 350,800 Travel & Entertainment 0 10,200 24,000 Government 0 17,700 34,500 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 8 501,600 1,172,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,300 2,600 Mining 0 3,200 10,300 Construction 0 2,600 6,800 Manufacturing 0 4,500 29,600 Wholesale 0 12,500 34,800 Retail 2 46,600 98,300 Transport & Comm. 0 18,600 61,500 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 22,100 142,900 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 146,200 259,600 Travel & Entertainment 1 18,300 53,500 Government 0 7,700 17,300 Other 0 10,200 7,000 Sub-Total 6 293,800 724,200 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 64 2,419,000 6,599,400

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Warren County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 4 84,600 1,116,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 0 4,100 10,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 12,000 25,300 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 35 1,113,700 3,232,400 Sub-Total 39 1,214,400 4,383,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 131,100 182,300 Mining 0 22,600 59,500 Construction 0 4,600 11,800 Manufacturing 1 64,900 271,700 Wholesale 0 35,100 97,800 Retail 0 4,700 11,400 Transport & Comm. 1 104,700 229,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 41,400 135,700 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 6 736,100 1,512,000 Travel & Entertainment 1 12,000 24,700 Government 0 12,000 14,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 14 1,169,200 2,550,800 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,900 3,300 Mining 0 5,100 15,600 Construction 0 1,800 4,600 Manufacturing 0 5,500 48,800 Wholesale 0 8,800 24,600 Retail 1 42,900 104,000 Transport & Comm. 0 22,600 65,000 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 31,000 186,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 173,400 327,100 Travel & Entertainment 1 20,000 51,100 Government 0 3,900 5,000 Other 0 7,800 5,300 Sub-Total 6 324,700 841,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 59 2,708,300 7,775,600

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Washington County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 34 719,100 9,487,000 Wine Grape Vineyards 2 25,200 61,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 1,500 4,100 Retail 2 60,400 145,500 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 39 1,248,100 3,622,500 Sub-Total 77 2,054,300 13,320,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 3 100,000 139,200 Mining 1 120,100 294,000 Construction 1 71,900 184,400 Manufacturing 2 155,400 787,300 Wholesale 3 296,800 827,700 Retail 1 19,300 41,900 Transport & Comm. 4 412,900 1,025,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 3 147,700 695,600 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 9 649,400 1,172,000 Travel & Entertainment 3 77,600 167,200 Government 1 51,000 85,300 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 31 2,102,100 5,419,700 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,700 3,700 Mining 0 9,900 28,400 Construction 0 23,500 61,200 Manufacturing 0 27,500 212,400 Wholesale 1 74,700 208,400 Retail 5 151,900 345,200 Transport & Comm. 1 117,100 400,100 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 2 101,400 843,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 10 586,800 1,025,600 Travel & Entertainment 6 172,200 569,100 Government 0 18,700 37,100 Other 1 25,900 17,700 Sub-Total 26 1,311,300 3,752,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 134 5,467,700 22,491,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Wayne County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 3 63,400 837,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 1 15,300 37,200 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 0 0 Retail 0 12,200 31,000 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 40 1,262,500 3,664,300 Sub-Total 44 1,353,400 4,569,600 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 1 20,800 43,100 Mining 0 1,200 11,200 Construction 0 12,100 31,200 Manufacturing 2 220,700 762,000 Wholesale 0 30,600 85,400 Retail 0 4,300 9,400 Transport & Comm. 1 85,000 230,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 1 33,700 130,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 257,100 566,800 Travel & Entertainment 0 10,100 20,800 Government 0 11,000 11,200 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 8 686,600 1,902,300 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,400 3,700 Mining 0 400 3,000 Construction 0 4,800 12,500 Manufacturing 0 2,300 19,100 Wholesale 0 7,700 21,500 Retail 1 39,800 91,100 Transport & Comm. 0 27,000 120,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 24,900 174,200 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 3 154,500 276,200 Travel & Entertainment 1 18,200 46,600 Government 0 3,500 3,700 Other 0 6,100 4,200 Sub-Total 5 290,600 776,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 57 2,330,600 7,247,900

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 49 1,036,300 13,672,400 Wine Grape Vineyards 4 69,400 168,300 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 600 1,700 Retail 4 102,300 250,600 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 54 1,728,100 5,015,800 Sub-Total 111 2,936,700 19,108,800 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 2 62,600 100,500 Mining 1 90,100 273,800 Construction 2 94,500 243,400 Manufacturing 2 156,300 681,200 Wholesale 6 488,700 1,362,900 Retail 1 35,400 76,200 Transport & Comm. 5 365,500 1,296,400 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 4 240,100 960,500 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 12 812,000 1,609,900 Travel & Entertainment 4 100,700 216,400 Government 1 110,400 246,000 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 40 2,556,300 7,067,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,600 3,500 Mining 0 25,000 82,000 Construction 1 44,800 118,500 Manufacturing 0 33,700 206,600 Wholesale 1 122,900 343,100 Retail 9 282,500 635,400 Transport & Comm. 2 125,000 603,600 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 4 190,600 1,278,100 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 16 839,600 1,483,900 Travel & Entertainment 8 195,200 548,900 Government 1 51,200 127,600 Other 1 56,800 38,900 Sub-Total 43 1,968,900 5,470,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 194 7,461,900 31,646,100

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry Wyoming County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 3 63,400 837,100 Wine Grape Vineyards 2 25,200 61,000 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 100 Retail 0 4,700 11,900 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 31 998,500 2,898,000 Sub-Total 36 1,091,900 3,808,100 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 4 102,800 155,700 Mining 0 8,300 35,100 Construction 0 4,200 10,900 Manufacturing 0 9,400 75,600 Wholesale 0 25,900 72,100 Retail 0 1,900 4,400 Transport & Comm. 0 41,800 100,200 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 18,100 68,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 88,500 172,100 Travel & Entertainment 0 6,500 14,000 Government 0 5,500 5,700 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 6 312,900 714,100 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 1,300 2,400 Mining 0 2,400 11,000 Construction 0 2,400 6,300 Manufacturing 0 4,400 34,300 Wholesale 0 6,500 18,200 Retail 1 17,600 45,800 Transport & Comm. 0 10,700 34,900 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 0 15,700 103,300 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 2 74,000 134,800 Travel & Entertainment 0 11,200 29,500 Government 0 1,800 1,900 Other 0 3,800 2,600 Sub-Total 3 151,800 425,000 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 45 1,556,600 4,947,200

John Dunham & Associates: 2018 The Economic Impact of the Wine and Grape Industry York County, Pennsylvania

Direct Economic Impact Job Wages Output Manufacturing 63 1,332,400 17,578,800 Wine Grape Vineyards 6 90,000 218,100 Juice Grape Vineyards 0 0 0 Wholesale 0 100 300 Retail 4 99,400 246,800 Research & Education 0 0 0 Tourism 77 2,457,700 7,133,500 Sub-Total 150 3,979,600 25,177,500 Supplier Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 8 199,100 331,000 Mining 0 5,900 21,300 Construction 2 95,200 245,300 Manufacturing 3 248,100 1,203,300 Wholesale 8 736,500 2,054,000 Retail 1 33,300 72,200 Transport & Comm. 8 752,900 2,085,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 6 318,600 1,592,000 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 16 1,108,500 2,231,000 Travel & Entertainment 5 114,000 258,900 Government 1 53,000 100,400 Other 0 0 0 Sub-Total 58 3,665,100 10,195,200 Induced Economic Impact Job Wages Output Agriculture 0 4,000 11,200 Mining 0 2,000 7,700 Construction 1 45,400 120,100 Manufacturing 1 59,700 348,700 Wholesale 2 185,300 517,100 Retail 9 296,000 662,700 Transport & Comm. 2 188,300 757,800 Finance, Insurance, R.E. 5 245,100 1,838,400 Bus. & Pers. Svcs 22 1,179,300 2,108,500 Travel & Entertainment 9 193,500 554,600 Government 0 21,900 48,400 Other 2 74,400 50,900 Sub-Total 53 2,494,900 7,026,100 Total Economic Impact Job Wages Output Total 261 10,139,600 42,398,800

John Dunham & Associates: 2018