314 Bothalia 41,2 (2011) cations should be kept in mind (e.g. Heath et al. 2008). KLOPPER, R.R., CHATELAIN, C., BÄNNINGER, V., HABASHI, C., There is an obvious need for a well-sampled molecular STEYN, H.M., DE WET, H.C., ARNOLD, T.H., GAUTIER, L., SMITH, G.F. & SPICHIGER, R. 2006. Checklist of the flower- phylogenetic analysis that includes Prototulbaghia and ing of sub-Saharan Africa. An index of accepted names more Tulbaghia species, together with other members of and synonyms. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network the Alliaceae, to test proposed generic demarcations and Report No. 42: 684, 685. SABONET, Pretoria. evolutionary trends in the family. MAHLBERG, P.G. 1993. Laticifers: an historical perspective. Botani- cal Reviews 53: 1–23. For the description of Prototulbaghia siebertii, see MANN, L.K. 1959. The Allium inflorescence: some species of the Sec- tion Molium. American Journal of Botany 46: 730–739. Vosa et al. 2011. Newly observed features are: NGUYEN, N.H., DRISCOLL, H.E. & SPECHT, C.D. 2008. A molecu- lar phylogeny of the wild onions (Allium; Alliaceae) with a focus Leaves have a row of tiny translucent teeth adpressed on the western North American centre of diversity. Molecular toward the distal abaxial part below the apex; laticifers Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1157–1172. present. Spathe valves subtend the inflorescence when the SIEBERT, S.J., VOSA, C.G., VAN WYK, A.E. & MULLER, H. 2008. flower scape emerges, gradually drying off. Flower scape Prototulbaghia (Alliaceae), a new monotypic from is covered by short, whitish, glandular hairs; keel present Sekhukhuneland, South Africa. Herbertia 62: 76–84. VAN WYK, A.E. & SMITH, G.F. 2001. Regions of floristic endemism in towards the base, single, persistent, ridge-like, with trans- southern Africa. A review with emphasis on succulents. Umdaus lucent teeth. Flowers are fugacious. Perianth segments Press, Hatfield, Pretoria. are light green in the lower half; inner segments are 4.3 VOSA, C.G. 1961. A modified aceto-orcein method for mother mm wide in the middle. has 2–4 ovules per cells. Caryologia 14: 107–110. VOSA, C.G. 1966. Chromosome variation in Tulbaghia. Heredity 21: locule. Capsule has a withered style on top. 305–312. VOSA, C.G. 1972. Two-track heredity: differentiation of male and female meiosis in Tulbaghia. Caryologia 25: 275–281. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VOSA, C.G. 1975. The cytotaxonomy of the genus Tulbaghia. Annali di Botanica (Roma) 34: 47–121. The North-West University and University of Pretoria VOSA, C.G. 2000. The revised cytotaxonomy of the genus Tulbaghia. provided financial support. Caryologia 53: 83–112. VOSA, C.G. 2007. Prototulbaghia, a new genus of the Alliaceae fam- ily from the Leolo Mountains in Sekhukhuneland, South Africa. Caryologia 60: 273–278. REFERENCES VOSA, C.G. 2009. An updated and illustrated taxonomic synopsis of the genus Tulbaghia (Alliaceae). Herbertia 63: 208–219. ARCHER, C. 2003. Alliaceae. In G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer, VOSA, C.G., VAN WYK, A.E., SIEBERT, S.J. & CONDY, G. (Artist). Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 2011. Prototulbaghia siebertii. Flowering Plants of Africa 62: 956, 957. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. 22–28, t. 2264. BURT, A., BELL, G. & HARVEY, P.H. 1991. Sex differences in recom- bination. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 4: 259–277. C.G. VOSA*, S.J. SIEBERT** and A.E. VAN WYK† FAY, M.F. & CHASE, M.W. 1996. Resurrection of Themidaceae for the Brodiaea alliance, and recircumscription of Alliaceae, Amaryl- lidaceae and Agapanthoideae. Taxon 45: 441–451. * Author for correspondence: Linacre College, Oxford, United King- FRIESEN, N., FRITSCH, R.M. & BLATTNER, F.R. 2006. Phylogeny dom & Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy. and new intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based E-mail: [email protected]. on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso 22: 372–395. ** A.P. Goossens Herbarium, School of Environmental Sciences and HEATH, T.A., HEDTKE, S.M. & HILLIS, D.M. 2008. Taxon sampling Development, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potch- and the accuracy of phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Systemat- efstroom, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]. ics and Evolution 46: 239–257. † H.G.W.J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Science, HUNZIKER, J.H. & SCHAAL, B.A. 1983. Isozyme variation in diploid University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria. E-mail: [email protected]. tropical and octoploid subtropical-temperate species of Bulnesia. za. The Journal of Heredity 74: 358–360. MS. received: 2010-05-28.

HYACINTHACEAE ALBUCA GARIEPENSIS (ORNITHOGALOIDEAE), A NEW SPECIES OF A. SUBGEN. NAMIBIOGALUM FROM GORDONIA, SOUTH AFRICA, AND A. PRASINA TRANSFERRED TO

INTRODUCTION Neopatersonia Schönland, leaving Medik. and Pseudogaltonia (Kuntze) Engl. as the remaining gen- Generic limits in Hyacinthaceae: Ornithogaloideae era in the subfamily. In this circumscription, Albuca have been intensively reviewed in recent years using is distinguished from Ornithogalum by flowers with molecular techniques (Stedje 1998; Pfosser & Speta thick-textured, whitish or yellowish with a broad, 1999; Manning et al. 2004, 2009; Martínez-Azorín et green or brown longitudinal band on the adaxial surface al. 2011). The broad patterns of phylogenetic relation- associated with 3–5 mostly simple, medially aggre- ships in the subfamily are now clear but various options gated veins (Manning et al. 2009). In Ornithogalum, the exist for the translation of these patterns into a generic tepals are thin- or thick-textured with a narrow or indis- (Manning et al. 2009; Martínez-Azorín et al. tinct median band and veins not tightly aggregated in 2011). A recent solution, followed here, provides for the the middle of the tepals, and the outer veins are often ± expansion of Albuca L. to include Ornithogalum sub- branched. gen. Osmyne (Salisb.) Baker and O. subgen. Urophyllon (Salisb.) Baker (Manning et al. 2009). Ornithogalum is Several collections of narrow-leaved plants from the consolidated to include the genera Galtonia Decne. and middle reaches of the Orange River in Northern Cape, Bothalia 41,2 (2011) 315 with relatively short, pyramidal of green- acute, fleshy, dull bluish green. Inflorescence usually banded flowers and relatively large, depressed-globose solitary but up to 3 from a , subpyramidal, densely or cordate capsules, have remained unnamed until now 8–25-flowered, 30–80 mm long at flowering, elongating or have been identified as Ornithogalum tenuifolium slightly and ± cylindrical in fruit, scape green and 1.5– subsp. aridum Oberm. [now Albuca virens subsp. arida 3.0 mm diam. at ground level but subterranean portion (Oberm.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt]. Their large cap- tapering strongly and white; bracts lanceolate-aristate, sules, however, preclude any association with A. virens, lowermost up to 20 × 3 mm and uppermost ± 7 × 2 mm, which has smaller, ovoid capsules, and it is now clear apex often slightly coiled, whitish and submembranous that they represent an undescribed species, which we when young but becoming papery; pedicels ± spread- describe here as A. gariepensis after the Khoisan name ing, (5–)8–10(–15) mm long. Flowers held horizontally, for the Orange River, known to earlier inhabitants of the rotate, 14–20 mm diam., faintly scented of lemon-coco- region as the gariep or Great River. nut; tepals biseriate with outer series overlapping inner, free, suberect in basal 1.5–2.0 mm then spreading, white Collections at KMG, NBG, PRE and SAM, the main with green keels adaxially, outer tepals oblong-elliptical, herbaria with good representation of collections of 7–10 × 2.5–3.0 mm, slightly keeled apically and peni- Northern Cape species, were consulted for records of the cillate, with 3 centrally congested veins, inner tepals new species (herbarium acronyms after Holmgren et al. elliptical, 7–10 × 3.0–3.5 mm, concave apically and 1990). penicillate, with 3 centrally congested veins. free, erect; filaments 4–5 mm long, two thirds as long as In addition, examination of herbarium specimens tepals, verruculose, both series with quadrate expansion of Ornithogalum prasinum Ker Gawl., which was in basal 1.5 mm, outer expansion ± 1 mm wide, inner transferred to Albuca by Manning et al. (2009) on the 1.5 mm wide; anthers versatile, ± 2 mm long at anthe- strength of its supposedly close relationship to O. sein- sis, pale creamy yellow. Ovary ovoid and shortly stipi- eri (Engl. & K.Krause) Oberm. (now A. seineri (Engl. & tate, ± 3 mm long, strongly 3-angled, green; style erect, K.Krause) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, reveals that it lacks tapering, 3-angled, ± 3 mm long, acute with trigonous, the perianth features that are diagnostic of Albuca. This, papillate stigma, green in lower half and white distally. combined with its karyology with basic chromosome Capsule depressed-cordate in outline, deeply 3-lobed, number x = 8, dictates its transfer back to the genus 10–12 × 15–20 mm. Seeds discoid, 5–8 mm diam., col- Ornithogalum, where its large, retuse capsules suggest a liculate, glossy black. Flowering time: January to early relationship with O. xanthochlorum Baker. April. Figures 20; 21. Distribution and ecology: Albuca gariepensis seems TAXONOMY to be restricted to the central portion of the Orange River drainage basin in northeastern Bushmanland, where it Albuca gariepensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt sp. has been collected in a region bounded by the towns of nov. Kakamas, Upington and Kenhardt (Figure 22). The spe- Geophyta decidua 0.03–0.20 m alta, foliis (4)5–8(9) cies has been recorded from calcrete plains and sandy racemum duplo ad sexies longior linearibus pauciter flats, often in slight washes or drainage lines where rotatis vel ad apicem tortis canaliculatis 70–200 × 1–4 seasonal soil moisture levels are higher. A. gariepensis mm, racemo subpyramidalo dense 8–25-florum, 30–80 appears to be endemic to the Bushmanland Bioregion mm longo, bracteis lanceolato-aristatis, inferioribus ad of the Nama-Karoo Biome, primarily in Bushmanland 20 × 3 mm submembranaceis ad papyraceis, pedicelis Arid Grassland (Mucina & Rutherford 2006). Flower- ± patentibus (5–)8–10(–15) mm longis, floribus rotatis ing occurs in late summer, the exact timing evidently tepalis liberibus albis carinis viridibus oblongo-ellip- depending on the seasonal rains. The collection Snij- ticis 7–10 × 2.5–3.5 mm, nervis centralibus tribus con- man 244 includes a plant bearing both mature fruiting gestis, staminibus liberibus erectis, filamentis 4–5 mm and flowering stems, indicating two growth flushes some longis inferioribus 1.5 mm expansis quadratiformis, time apart, presumably in reponse to two distinct rainfall ovario ovoideo breve stipitato ± 3 mm longo profunde events. 3-angulato, stylo erecto ± 3 mm longo, capsula ambita Diagnosis and relationships: the species of Albuca depresso-cordata profunde 3-lobata 10–12 × 15–20 mm with ± monomorphic whorls are segregated among diam., seminibus discoideis 5–8 mm diam. four subgenera that are defined by a combination of TYPE.—Northern Cape: 2921 (Kenhardt):10–12 km vegetative, floral, and fruiting characters (Manning NE of Putsonderwater along roadside, Farm Kareelaagte, et al. 2009). The several, canaliculate leaves and the (–BB), 6 Mar. 2010, Manning 3294 (NBG, holo.; MO, pyramidal of white flowers with shortly stipi- PRE, iso.). tate, 3-lobed ovary developing into a depressed, apically retuse capsule containing large, discoid seeds place A. Deciduous geophyte, 0.03–0.20 m high. Bulb solitary, gariepensis in subgen. Namibiogalum (U.Müll.-Doblies pyriform, 10–25 mm diam.; outer tunics dry and thinly & D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldlbatt (Manning leathery, brownish, sometimes forming a loose neck et al. 2009). Here, it is characterized by its several, lin- and finely transversely barred, inner tunics tightly over- ear-canaliculate leaves that are loosely coiled or twisted lapping, white. Leaves overtopping raceme and two to apically and much longer (three to six times) than the six times as long, (4)5–8(9), suberect or spreading, not short inflorescence; its moderate-sized flowers, 14–20 clasping below, linear, slightly coiled or twisted apically, mm in diameter, borne on pedicels mostly 8–10 mm canaliculate and rounded abaxially, 70–200 × 1–4 mm, long; and relatively large, deeply 3-lobed capsules. The 316 Bothalia 41,2 (2011)

C

B J

I

F

A

D

H

G E

FIGURE 20.—Albuca gariepensis, Manning 3294. A, flowering plants; B, bract; C, flower; D, outer tepal; E, inner tepal; F, outer , adaxial (upper) and abaxial (lower) views; G, inner stamen; H. ovary, lateral and dorsal views; I, capsule; J, seed. Scale bar: A–C, I, J, 10 mm; B, C, 3 mm; D–H, 2 mm. Artist: John Manning. Bothalia 41,2 (2011) 317

FIGURE 21.—Albuca gariepensis. A, , Man- ning 3294. Photograph by John Manning. B, fruiting plant, Magee & Boatwright 229. Photograph by Anthony Magee. species is most similar to A. seineri (Engl. & K.Krause) 1978). The species was misattributed to John Lindley J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in foliage and inflorescence by Baker (1897) and subsequent authors, but John Bel- but the latter is an altogether larger species, with ± lenden Ker[-Gawler] provided the text of the first 14 straight or arching leaves up to 400 × 30 mm (vs 70–200 volumes of The botanical register, whereas Lindley was × 1–4 mm), and larger flowers 24–40 mm in diameter responsible for volumes 15–33 (Stafleau & Cowan 1976: borne on longer pedicels, up to 50 mm long. Its area of 724). Placed by Baker (1897) in O. subgen. Osmyne occurrence is north of that of A. gariepensis, ranging (Salisb.) Baker, O. prasinum was subsequently trans- from northern Namibia through Botswana and the north- ferred to subgen. Urophyllon (Salisb.) Baker by Ober- ern parts of Northern Cape (Prieska and Hopetown Dis- meyer (1978), who considered it to be closely related tricts) into the western Free State, northern Mpumalanga to O. seineri. This treatment was followed by Müller- and Limpopo (Obermeyer 1978). Doblies & Müller-Doblies (1996), who included both species in O. series Prasinocorymbosa Müll.-Doblies & Smaller plants of Albuca gariepensis may be con- Müll.-Doblies, and later by us when we transferred the fused with A. toxicaria (C.Archer & R.H.Archer) members of O. subgen. Urophyllon to Albuca (Manning J.C.Manning & Goldblatt from southern Namibia and et al. 2009). At this time we had DNA sequence data for central South Africa, which has with similar, almost fili- O. seineri but not for O. prasinum and our association of form leaves but which has smaller flowers, ± 10 mm in the two species was determined by the opinions of Ober- diameter, very short pedicels 1.5–2.2 mm long, minute, meyer (1978) and Müller-Doblies & Müller-Doblies deltoid bracts ± 1.2 mm long, and much smaller, ovoid (1996). capsules up to 10 × 5 mm containing elliptical, peripher- ally winged seeds 8 × 5–6 mm (Archer & Archer 1999). A review of the cytology of subfamily Ornithogaloi- deae (Goldblatt & Manning 2011) shows A. prasina to The filaments in Albuca gariepensis are abruptly have a diploid number of 2n = 16 (Pienaar 1963), thus expanded at the base into quadrate wings, unlike the x = 8. This makes the species cytologically anomalous smoothly tapering filaments in A. seineri and A. toxi- in Albuca, in which the most common base number is x caria. Similar, basally expanded filaments are charac- teristic of some other species in the subgenus, notably = 9, and led us to re-examine its floral morphology, par- A. rautanenii (Schinz) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt and ticularly the tepal venation, in relation to that of A. sein- A. stapfii (Schinz) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, but the eri. We confirm that A. seineri (Figure 23A, B), with 2n ovary in both these species is abruptly expanded above = 24 (x = 6) (Vosa 1980), has the medially aggregated, the stipe into a 6-lobed disc. Although the ovary in A. mostly simple veins diagnostic of Albuca but that A. gariepensis is slightly widened above the stipe, it does not develop the characteristic lobes that are present in these two species. Additional specimens seen NORTHERN CAPE.—2820 (Kakamas): 31 km W of Kakamas along road to Pofadder and Onseepkans, 800 m, (–CC), 31 Jan. 1974, Davidse 6169 (PRE); 20 km S of Kakamas on road to Loeriesfontein, 789 m, (–DC), 14 Mar. 2010, Magee & Boatwright 229 (MO, NBG). 2821 (Upington): Upington, industrial commonage, 2700 ft [1 680 m], 1 Apr. 1980, Snijman 244 (NBG). 2921(Kenhardt): near Steenkop, SE of Kenhardt, 900 m, (–AD), 7 Jan. 1989, Bruyns 3461 (NBG).

Ornithogalum prasinum Ornithogalum prasinum Ker Gawl. is relatively wide- spread through the drier parts of central South Africa, extending into Namibia and Botswana (Obermeyer FIGURE 22.—Known distribution of Albuca gariepensis. 318 Bothalia 41,2 (2011) Cape], Colesberg Div., Hondeblafs River [Hondeblafri- vier], fl. ex hort. 1816/18, Burchell bulb 49 (K, holo.!, iso.!). Albuca prasina (Ker Gawl.) J.C.Manning & Gold- blatt: 92 (2009).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Type material was collected with a permit from Northern Cape Nature Conservation and the necessary field work was sponsored by Elizabeth Parker of Elands- berg Nature Reserve, and Rosemary Smuts assisted in A B C D the field. Michelle Smith prepared the digital map and Stephen Boatwright the digital figure. Anthony Magee kindly provided one of the photographs. FIGURE 23.—Albuca seineri, D’Ewes s.n. (NBG). A, outer tepal; B, inner tepal. Ornithogalum prasinum, Barker 7116 (NBG). C, outer tepal; D, inner tepal. Scale bar: 2 mm. Artist: John Man- ning. REFERENCES

ARCHER, C. & ARCHER, R.H. 1999. A new species of Ornithoga- prasina (Figure 23C, D) has a quite different, more dif- lum subgenus Urophyllon (Hyacinthaceae) from central South fuse, branched venation which is characteristic of Orni- Africa and southern Namibia. South African Journal of Botany thogalum. Colour notes on specimens confirm that the 65: 431–433. BAKER, J.G. 1897. Liliaceae. In W.T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora capensis tepals lack the distinct green median band that is char- 6: 253–528. Reeve, Ashford. acteristic of Albuca. This is confirmed by the illustration FORREST, L.L. & JONG, K. 2004. Bimodality in the karyotype of of cultivated plants from Burchell’s type collection (Ker Galtonia (Hyacinthaceae). Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60: Gawler 1816), which shows the perianth to be uniformly 569–579. GOLDBLATT, P. & MANNING, J.C. 2011. A review of chromosome pale greenish white. Floral morphology thus supports cytology in Hyacinthaceae subfamily Ornithogaloideae (Albuca, our cytological observations that O. prasinum is incor- Dipcadi, Ornithogalum and Pseudogaltonia) in sub-Saharan rectly placed in Albuca, and the species should accord- Africa. South African Journal of Botany 77: 581–591. ingly be transferred back to Ornithogalum. HOLMGREN, P.K., HOLMGREN, N.H. & BARNETT, L.C. 1990. Index herbariorum, part 1: the herbaria of the World. New York Within Ornithogalum, the relationships of O. prasinum Botanical Garden, New York. KER-GAWLER, J. 1816. Ornithogalum prasinum. The botanical regis- evidently lie with O. haalenbergense U.Müll.-Doblies & ter 2: t. 158. Ridgway, London. D.Müll.-Doblies and O. xanthochlorum Baker in O. sub- LEISTNER, O.A. & MORRIS, J.W. 1976. South African place names. gen. Galtonia sect. Xanthochlorum (U.Müll.-Doblies & Annals of the Cape Provinical Museums 12. Cape Provincial D.Müll.-Doblies) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, based on its Museums, Grahamstown. leathery outer bulb tunics, several lanceolate leaves, and MANNING, J.C., FORREST, F., DEVEY, D.S., FAY, M.F. & GOLD- BLATT, P. 2009. A molecular phylogeny and a revised classifica- especially the diagnostic, depressed-globose, apically tion of Ornithogaloideae (Hyacinthaceae) based on an analysis retuse capsules containing large, discoid seeds 6–8 mm of four plastid DNA regions. Taxon 58: 77–107. in diameter (Manning et al. 2009). All three species also MANNING, J.C., GOLDBLATT, P. & FAY, M.F. 2004. A revised have distinctive pale jade-green, rather obtuse tepals. The generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the basic and most common chromosome number in subgen. new tribe Pseudoprospereae. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60: Galtonia is x = 8 (Forrest & Jong 2004 [as Galtonia]), 533–568. providing cytological support for the morphological evi- MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN, M., CRESPO, M.B., JUAN, A. & FAY, M.F. dence that A. prasina is allied to this subgenus of Orni- 2011. Molecular phylogenetics of subfamily Ornithogaloideae thogalum. (Hyacinthaceae) based on nuclear and platid DNA regions, including a new taxonomic arrangement. Annals of Botany 107: 1–37. Although Ker Gawler (1816) claimed that Burchell MUCINA, L. & RUTHERFORD, M.C. 2006. The vegetation of South collected Ornithogalum prasinum near Graaff-Reinet Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African in Eastern Cape, Burchell’s own labels on his collec- National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. tions indicate that he found the plants at Horse’s Grave MÜLLER-DOBLIES, U. & MÜLLER-DOBLIES, D. 1996. Revi- near the Hondeblats (sic.) River in the Colesberg Divi- sionula incompleta Ornithogalorum Austro-Africanorum (Hya- cinthaceae). Feddes Repertorium 107: 361–548. sion. The latter is a reference to one of his collecting OBERMEYER, A.A. 1978. Ornithogalum: a revision of the southern localities near De Aar (Leistner & Morris 1976), which African species. Bothalia 12: 323–376. accords with the location of Hondeblafrivier that flows PFOSSER, M. & SPETA, F. 1999. Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae through Philipstown. The type locality of the species is based on plastid DNA sequences. Annals of the Missouri Botani- cal Garden 86: 852–875. thus in Northern Cape, between De Aar and Philipstown. PIENAAR, R. DE V. 1963. Sitogenetiese studies in die genus Orni- The species has, however, subsequently been collected thogalum L. Journal of South African Botany 29: 111–131. around Aberdeen in Eastern Cape (Obermeyer 1978), STAFLEAU, A. & COWAN, R.S. 1976. Taxonomic literature 1: A–G. from where it ranges westwards across the interior of the Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht. country as far as Aus in southern Namibia (Obermeyer STEDJE, B. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation of sub-Saharan Scilla (Hyacinthaceae) and allied African genera 1978). as inferred from morphological and DNA sequence data. Plant Systematics and Evolution 211: 1–11. Ornithogalum prasinum Ker Gawl. in The VOSA, C. 1980. Chromosome analysis and heterochromatin recogni- botanical register 2: sub. t. 158 (1816). Type: [Northern tion in the southern African species of Ornithogalum. 1. Orni- Bothalia 41,2 (2011) 319

thogalum seineri (Engl. & Kr.) Oberm. Journal of South African Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Botany 46: 445–450. Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, 3209 Scottsville, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]. J.C. MANNING* and P. GOLDBLATT** ** B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Gar- * Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, den, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA. Private Bag X7, 7735 Claremont, Cape Town / Research Centre for MS. received: 2010-04-06.

FABACEAE A NEW SPECIES OF RHYNCHOSIA FROM THE NORTHERN PROVINCES OF SOUTH AFRICA

Inspection of the Rhynchosia Lour. collections of Pods oblong-falcate, 20–22 × 6 mm, straw-coloured to red- the National Herbarium, Pretoria while preparing for a dish brown, covered with glandular trichomes and raised revision of the group for the Flora of southern Africa, golden glands especially when young, beaked; beak up revealed that a number of specimens identified as Rhyn- to 4.5 mm long, curling up into tight roll when dehisced. chosia confusa Burtt Davy did not belong to that taxon. Seeds broadly kidney-shaped, 5 × 4 × 4 mm, reddish brown As far as can be established, Dr L.E.W. Codd recognised mottled with black; aril yellow, fleshy, persistent.Flowering specimens he collected in 1946 and 1947 as being some- time: Oct.–Mar. Figures 25; 26. thing different, although the first specimen had been recorded in 1923 by E.E. Galpin. Etymology: the specific epithet honours Dr Leslie Edward Wostall Codd (1908–1999), former director of Rhynchosia coddii Germish., sp. nov., habitu R. the Botanical Research Institute [now the South African confusae Burtt Davy similis sed indumento aureo glan- National Biodiversity Institute] (Glen & Germishuizen duloso leguminibusque dehiscis arcte tortilibus differt. 2010), who recorded specimens of this undescribed spe- cies in 1946 and 1947 at various localities. TYPE.—North-West, 2527 (Rustenburg): Rustenburg Dist., Baviaanskrans Farm, on mountain slope at Tier- Distribution and ecology: Rhynchosia coddii is found kloof, on well-drained stony, sandy soil, (–CA), 29-10- in the Northern Cape Province near the border with the 1977, G. Germishuizen 399 (PRE, holo.). North-West Province; also found in Gauteng, Mpuma- langa and Limpopo Provinces (Figure 27). Plants grow Erect, decumbent or trailing herb or suffrutex up mostly in SVcb: Marikana Thornveld, and SVcb12: to 0.6 m tall, with annual stems arising from a thick, Central Sandy Bushveld (Mucina & Rutherford 2006), woody, underground rootstock up to 20 mm diam.; often on steep rocky slopes. Plants are heavily grazed young parts densely covered with patent, golden-yellow, (fide GubbPRE825184). glandular trichomes. Stipules subulate, up to 4.5 mm long, mostly reflexed, reddish brown, strongly ribbed, Relationships: the new taxon resembles Rhyncho- glandular hairy on outside, glabrous inside. Stems and sia confusa in its sprawling, prostrate habit with annual leaves with glandular trichomes, sticky to the touch, stems arising from a thick, woody, underground root- with small sand particles adhering to them. Leaves alter- stock and initial material was identified as such, but here nate; leaflets pinnately 3-foliolate, with distinct mucro the resemblance ends. R. coddii is immediately distin- at apex, up to 0.5 mm long, conspicuously reticulate- guished by having a golden-yellow glandular vestiture veined on both surfaces, covered with patent glandular throughout and pods which curl up into a tight roll when trichomes especially on veins; lower surface with glan- dehisced. See Table 3 for comparison between the two dular trichomes interspersed with small, raised, golden taxa. glands scattered in intervenal areas; terminal leaflets narrowly elliptic to broadly ovate, (17–)19–24(–30) × TABLE 3.—Comparison between Rhynchosia coddii and R. confusa 12–20(–25) mm; lateral leaflets oblique or narrowly to broadly ovate, 17–24(–26) × (11–)12–22(–24) mm; peti- ole variable, 12–23 mm long, glandular hairy; margin Characters Rhynchosia coddii R. confusa entire. Inflorescence an axillary, 2–5-flowered raceme. Vestiture Golden-yellow, glandular Brown, hispid Corolla yellow with standard petal dark brown (fide hairy throughout throughout Galpin M629) sometimes tinged reddish. Calyx with Terminal leaflet (17–)19–24(–30) × 27–29(–35) × 17–20 lobes up to 8 mm long, free for almost two thirds their size (mm) 12–20(–25) length, upper 2 lobes fused slightly higher up, densely Style vestiture Silky hairy on one side Silky hairy through- glandular hairy, persistent in fruit. Standard petal nar- only out rowly suborbicular to broadly ovate, 10–12 × 4–8 mm, Pod Curling up into tight roll Not curling up when apex emarginate, base cuneate. Wing petal oblong, when dehisced dehisced 8–10 × 3–4 mm, auricle weakly developed. Keel petals oblong, 9–10 × 3–4 mm, pocket weakly developed, apex obtuse. Stamens 10, reddish brown; 9 filaments fused Other material examined into a staminal column, vexillary filament free to base. NORTHERN PROVINCE [LIMPOPO].—2229 (Waterpoort): Pistil with ovary flattish, reddish brown; style sigmoid, Louis Trichardt, Farm Wellington, (–DC), 25-03-1994, G.L. Ros- covered on one side with silky hairs; stigma capitate. souw 209 (PRE). 2329 (Polokwane): Louis Trichardt Dist., on Farm