The False Spider Mites of Iviexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari)
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/ í^S¿^ United States (J trnjli Department of ^^ Agriculture The False Spider Agricultural Research Service Mites of IVIexico Tectinical Bulletin Number 1706 (Tenuipalpidae: Acari) , ) -^ -^ y 893897 synonyms of ]5. crotoni De Leon and B. portalis Baker and Tuttle, respective- i^cxcvv,., Edward W. , and Donald M. Tut tie. ly. B. tagetinae, n. n., is a 1987. The False Spider Mites of replacement name for B. psilostropheae Mexico (Tenuipalpidae: Acari). U.S. Baker, Tuttle, and Abbatiello. Department of Agriculture, Technical Aegyptobia cercidium Baker, Tuttle, Bulletin No. 1706, 237 pp. and Abbatiello and A. ceibae De Leon are transferred to the genus This bulletin includes descriptions Phytoptipalpus. and figures for 165 species of plant-feeding false spider mites KEYWORDS: Brevipalpinae, false spider (Tenuipalpidae) of Mexico, of which 65 mites, identification, plant feeding are described as new to science. Less mites, species groups, taxonomy, than one-third (48) of the Mexican Tenuipalpidae, Tenuipalpinae. tenuipalpids are distributed in 8 genera (Aegyptobia, Dolichotetranychus, Pentamerismus, Phytoptipalpus, Priscapalpus, Pseudoleptus, Tenuipalpus, and Ultratenuipalpus), and over two-thirds (117) are in the genus Brevipalpus. Also included are keys to subfamilies, genera, species groups, and species; descriptions, figures, host plants, and distribution data for each mite species; and list of Mexican species and their host plants. The fauna is examined principally by analysis of the morphological characters, distribution, and host plants, and an introduction to the classification of the neotropical Tenuipalpidae is outlined. The following species groups and subgroups are established under each subfamily and genus: Brevipalpinae: Aegyptobia - macswaini and tragardhi groups; Brevipalpus - californicus, cuneatus, frankeniae, obovatus, phoenicis, and portalis groups; Dolichotetranychus - carnea, floridanus, and summersi groups; Pentamerismus - erythreus and oregonensis groups; Phytoptipalpus - cercidium and paradoxus groups; Priscapalpus - macropilis group; Tenuipalpinae: Tenuipalpus - caudatus group (annonae, anoplus, and bakeri subgroups) and proteae group; and Ultratenuipalpus - meekeri and younguisti groups. Nomenclatural changes are as follows: Brevipalpus solanum Baker, Tuttie, and Abbatiello and B. incanum Baker, Tuttle, and Abbatiello are junior CONTENTS Page Page Classification 3 Key to Mexican species of Pent- amerismus 112 Key to genera of Tenuipalpidae 5 Descriptions of species in Pent- Subfamily Brevipalpinae 6 amerismus erythreus group 112 Genus Aegyptobia Sayed 6 Description of species in Pent- amerismus oregonensis group 114 Key to Mexican species of Aegyptobia 7 Genus Pbytoptipalpus Tragardb 115 Descriptions of species in Key to Mexican species of Phytop- Aegyptobia mac swain i group 8 tipalpus 115 Descriptions of species in Descriptions of species in Phytop- Aegyptobia tragardhi group 12 tipalpus 116 Genus Brevipalpus Donnadieu 18 Genus Priscapalpus De Leon 118 Key to Mexican species of Brevi- Description of species in Priscap- palpus females 19 alpus macropilis group 118 Descriptions of species in Brevi- Genus Pseudoleptus Bruyant 119 palpus californicus group 29 Subfamily Tenuipalpinae 120 Descriptions of species in Brevi- palpus cuneatus group 46 Genus Tenu i pal pu s Donnadieu 120 Description of species in Brevi- Key to Mexican species of Tenui- palpus frankeniae group 93 palpus 121 Descriptions of species in Brevi- Description of species in Tenui- palpus obovatus group 94 palpus caudatus group, T, annonae subgroup 122 Description of species in Brevi- palpus phoenicis group 98 Descriptions of species in Tenui- palpus caudatus group, T. Descriptions of species in Brevi- anoplus subgroup 123 palpus portalis group 99 Descriptions of species in Tenui- Genus Dolichotetranychus Sayed 110 palpus caudatus group, T. bakeri subgroup 133 Description of species in Dolicho- tetranychus floridanus group 111 Genus Ultratenuipalpus Mitrofanov- 136 Genus Pent amer i smu s McGregor 111 Key to Mexican species of Ultra- tenuipalpus 136 ¿0301 Baltimore ßlvd ßeltsvilie. MD 20705-235Í Page Page Description of species in Ultra- Literature cited 139 tenuipalpus meekeri group 137 Appendix 141 Description of species in Ultra- tenuipalpus younguisti group 137 Mite index 236 Mention of commercial products in this publication is solely to provide scientific information. It does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other products not mentioned. Copies of this publication may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 22161. ARS has no additional copies for free distribution. Issued November 1987 The False Spider Mites of Mexico and from the collection that De Leon (Tenuipalpidae: Acari) used in his 1956-62 studies on Mexican tenuipalpids. Other specimens were by Edward W. Baker and Donald M. taken on plant material intercepted at Tuttlei/ quarantine stations along the Mexican-American border. The plant feeding tenuipalpids, or false spider mites, are widely Tenuipalpids may be collected either distributed and more numerous in by (1) visual examination of the warmer regions of the world. Meyer individual plant or part under the (1979) reported 504 species in 21 dissecting microscope or by (2) the genera for the world fauna. Many of beat-funnel method, which is beating the species are pests of economic the plants over a sieve screen fitted plants, such as ornamentals to a plastic funnel with vial attach- and fruit trees (Jeppson et al., ment. The first method is slow and 1975). Undoubtedly, there are still tedious, but it provides effective many potential pest species among the observations of the mites. The second known and as yet undescribed method is rapid and effective for tenuipalpids. Biological data, except collecting plant-feeding as well as for a few common pest species, are predaceous mites. It is also easy to almost nonexistent. use and allows the collector to sample many plants over a large area. How- The Tenuipalpidae of Mexico is ever, the beat-funnel method is not composed of a large group of false expected to replace visual examination spider mites, with the genus Brevi- as used by De Leon. Some mites are palpus containing most of the not easily dislodged by beating, species. De Leon (1956-62) published particularly the Tenuipalpus species, several papers, in which he described which cling to the leaves, and the many new species and one new genus. grass-inhabiting species of Baker et al. (1975) added several new Dolichotetranychus and Pseudoleptus, species and attempted to group them. which feed within the sheath. Tuttle In 1970 and 1974, Tuttle, Baker, and et al. used the beat-funnel method in Abbatiello made some extremely valuable their surveys, which probably accounts collections in Mexico, so that the for the lack of grass-inhabiting mites Mexican fanua needs to be reviewed. and members of the genus Tenuipalpus This publication, therefore, is in their collections. considered an introduction to the taxonomy of the New World false spider In the appendix are given the known mites. host plants and Mexican species of Tenuipalpidae. Many of these mites This study is based on specimens are not at all host specific in their collected by D. M. Tuttle, E. W. feeding habits, although a few species Baker, and M. J. Abbatiello (T.B.A.) appear to be restricted to certain plant families. ^/Respectively, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Biosystematics and The Mexican tenuipalpid types of Beneficial Insects Institute, species described by De Leon are Agricultural Research Service, U.S. preserved at the Museum of Comparative Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., with Md. 20705, and (retired), Yuma Valley paratypes in the mite collection of Agricultural Center, Yuma, Ariz. 85364. the U.S. National Museum of Natural We thank M. J. Abbatiello, N.Y. History at Beltsville, Md. The present State College of Agriculture, types and other type material of Farmingdale, Long Island, for his previous authors are also there. invaluable help in collecting these mites and R. G. Mitchell, USDA Forest Keys to genera and species are given, Service, Corvallis, Oreg., for figures as well as habitus drawings of each 1 and 2. species. SEM photographs of certain measured across the widest part of the species are also included to illustrate body, usually at the sejugal suture. the diverse body sculpturing in the All measurements are given in microm- Tenuipalpidae (figs. 1-2). Data from eters. We have revised the terms all specimens are included under the used by previous authors for naming heading "Specimens examined." Body the body setae (fig. 3) in this length is measured from the tip of the family. The following terms are rostrum to the posterior margin precise, more descriptive, and less of the hysterosoma, and width is cumbersome than those used by others. Used Here Used by Others Propodosomals Propodosomals Exterior verticals (Ve) 1st pair Interior scapulars (Sei) 2d pair Exterior scapulars (See) 3d pair Hysterosomals Hysterosomals Laterals (L) (including Dorsolaterals (excluding humerais) humerais) Dorsolaterals (DL) Dorsosublaterals Dorsocentrals (DC) Dorsocentrals Intercoxal setae Intercoxal setae Anterior medioventrals IC4 Posterior medioventrals The "setae" found on the distal In this bulletin, the body surface segment of the palpus are the sculpturing is used to separate eupathidia and solenidion of the species, and for