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Internal Aerodynamics in Solid Rocket Propulsion (L’Aérodynamique Interne De La Propulsion Par Moteurs-Fusées À Propergols Solides)

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Internal Aerodynamics in Solid Rocket Propulsion (L’Aérodynamique Interne De La Propulsion Par Moteurs-Fusées À Propergols Solides) NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION ORGANISATION AC/323(AVT-096)TP/70 www.rta.nato.int RTO EDUCATIONAL NOTES EN-023 AVT-096 Internal Aerodynamics in Solid Rocket Propulsion (L’aérodynamique interne de la propulsion par moteurs-fusées à propergols solides) The material in this publication was assembled to support a RTO/VKI Special Course under the sponsorship of the Applied Vehicle Technology Panel (AVT) and the von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) presented on 27-31 May 2002 in Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium. Published January 2004 Distribution and Availability on Back Cover NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION ORGANISATION AC/323(AVT-096)TP/70 www.rta.nato.int RTO EDUCATIONAL NOTES EN-023 AVT-096 Internal Aerodynamics in Solid Rocket Propulsion (L’aérodynamique interne de la propulsion par moteurs-fusées à propergols solides) The material in this publication was assembled to support a RTO/VKI Special Course under the sponsorship of the Applied Vehicle Technology Panel (AVT) and the von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) presented on 27-31 May 2002 in Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium. The Research and Technology Organisation (RTO) of NATO RTO is the single focus in NATO for Defence Research and Technology activities. Its mission is to conduct and promote co-operative research and information exchange. The objective is to support the development and effective use of national defence research and technology and to meet the military needs of the Alliance, to maintain a technological lead, and to provide advice to NATO and national decision makers. The RTO performs its mission with the support of an extensive network of national experts. It also ensures effective co-ordination with other NATO bodies involved in R&T activities. RTO reports both to the Military Committee of NATO and to the Conference of National Armament Directors. It comprises a Research and Technology Board (RTB) as the highest level of national representation and the Research and Technology Agency (RTA), a dedicated staff with its headquarters in Neuilly, near Paris, France. In order to facilitate contacts with the military users and other NATO activities, a small part of the RTA staff is located in NATO Headquarters in Brussels. The Brussels staff also co-ordinates RTO’s co-operation with nations in Middle and Eastern Europe, to which RTO attaches particular importance especially as working together in the field of research is one of the more promising areas of co-operation. The total spectrum of R&T activities is covered by the following 7 bodies: • AVT Applied Vehicle Technology Panel • HFM Human Factors and Medicine Panel • IST Information Systems Technology Panel • NMSG NATO Modelling and Simulation Group • SAS Studies, Analysis and Simulation Panel • SCI Systems Concepts and Integration Panel • SET Sensors and Electronics Technology Panel These bodies are made up of national representatives as well as generally recognised ‘world class’ scientists. They also provide a communication link to military users and other NATO bodies. RTO’s scientific and technological work is carried out by Technical Teams, created for specific activities and with a specific duration. Such Technical Teams can organise workshops, symposia, field trials, lecture series and training courses. An important function of these Technical Teams is to ensure the continuity of the expert networks. RTO builds upon earlier co-operation in defence research and technology as set-up under the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) and the Defence Research Group (DRG). AGARD and the DRG share common roots in that they were both established at the initiative of Dr Theodore von Kármán, a leading aerospace scientist, who early on recognised the importance of scientific support for the Allied Armed Forces. RTO is capitalising on these common roots in order to provide the Alliance and the NATO nations with a strong scientific and technological basis that will guarantee a solid base for the future. The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by RTO or the authors. Published January 2004 Copyright © RTO/NATO 2004 All Rights Reserved ISBN 92-837-1103-3 Single copies of this publication or of a part of it may be made for individual use only. The approval of the RTA Information Management Systems Branch is required for more than one copy to be made or an extract included in another publication. Requests to do so should be sent to the address on the back cover. ii RTO-EN-023 Internal Aerodynamics in Solid Rocket Propulsion (RTO EN-023 / AVT-096) Executive Summary Considerations of the optimal approaches to adapt space launchers to a changing market should lead to significant breakthroughs in solid rocket propulsion technology, mainly in the areas of reduced costs and improved performance characteristics. The goal of this NATO Research and Technology Organization (RTO) sponsored lecture series was to provide a forum for the review of various scientific and industrial aspects of solid rocket propulsion and an assessment of recent advances with emphasis on internal aerodynamics. The present lecture notes are intended as a natural follow-up to the AGARD-LS-180 “Combustion of Solid Propellants” organized in 1991. These RTO-AVT / VKI Special Course notes provide the state of the art in internal aerodynamics in solid rocket propulsion, in a way accessible to attendees coming from both academic and industrial areas. Two families of solid motors can be identified: tactical rockets and large boosters for launch vehicles. The military rockets are subjected to combustion instabilities while vortex shedding drives the instabilities in the large boosters. After an overview of the motor internal flow dynamics, combustion of solid propellants and metal particulates were presented. Numerical modeling of internal flow aerodynamics, two-phase flow and flow/structural interactions were addressed, before focusing on the motor flow and combustion instabilities. The main objective of these course notes is therefore to allow an information transfer between well-known scientists, leaders in the solid propulsion field, and demanding industries and laboratories. For these reasons, this proceeding appeals not only to experts already working in the domain, but also to newcomers to the field. RTO-EN-023 iii L’aérodynamique interne de la propulsion par moteurs-fusées à propergols solides (RTO EN-023 / AVT-096) Synthèse La considération des approches optimales de l’adaptation des lanceurs spatiaux à un marché en pleine évolution devrait conduire à des progrès décisifs dans le domaine des technologies de la propulsion par moteurs-fusées à propergols solides, principalement du point de vue de la diminution des coûts et de l’amélioration des caractéristiques de performance. Ce Cycle de conferences, organisé par l’Organisation OTAN pour la recherche et la technologie (RTO) a eu pour objectif de servir de forum pour l’examen de différents aspects scientifiques et techniques de la propulsion par moteurs-fusées à propergols solides, ainsi que pour l’évaluation des derniers progrès réalisés, en particulier en aérodynamique interne. L’actuel support de cours représente la suite naturelle du cycle de conférences AGARD-LS-180 sur « La combustion des propergols solides » organisé en 1991. Ce support de cours spécial RTO-AVT/VKI présente l’état actuel des connaissances dans le domaine de l’aérodynamique interne de la propulsion par moteurs-fusées à propergols solides, de manière à rendre le sujet accessible à des participants venant aussi bien de l’industrie que des universités. Deux grandes familles de moteurs-fusées à propergols solides sont à distinguer : les fusées tactiques et les grandes fusées d’appoint pour lanceurs. Les fusées militaires sont sujettes à des instabilités de combustion, tandis que les instabilités des grandes fusées d’appoint sont occasionnées par le décollement des tourbillons. Suite à un aperçu de la dynamique des écoulements internes des moteurs, la combustion des propergols solides et des particules métalliques a été présentée. La modélisation numérique de l’aérodynamique des écoulements internes, ainsi que les interactions des écoulements bi-phase et des écoulements/structures ont été examinées, avant de considérer les flux internes des moteurs et les instabilités de combustion. Ce support de cours a donc pour objectif de permettre un échange d’informations entre des scientifiques renommés, éminents dans le domaine de la propulsion par propergol solide, et les industries et les laboratoires qui s'intéressent à leur travail. Pour ces raisons, ces documents seront appréciés non seulement par les spécialistes du domaine, mais aussi par les néophytes. iv RTO-EN-023 Table of Contents Page Executive Summary iii Synthèse iv List of Authors/Lecturers vi Reference Introduction to Solid Rocket Propulsion 1 by P. Kuentzmann Overview of Motor Internal Flow Dynamics 2 † by V. Yang Flow-Structural Interaction in Solid Rocket Motors 3 by J.W. Murdock and W.A. Johnston Combustion of Solid Propellants 4 by G. Lengellé, J. Duterque and J.F. Trubert A Summary of Aluminum Combustion 5 by M.W. Beckstead Part I – Survey of Recent Al2O3 Droplet Size Data in Solid Rocket Chambers, 6 † Nozzles, and Plumes by M. Salita Motor Flow Instabilities – Part 1 7 by F. Vuillot and G. Casalis Motor Flow Instabilities – Part 2: Intrinsic Linear Stability of the Flow Induced by 8 Wall Injection by G. Casalis and F. Vuillot Numerical Modeling of Internal Flow Aerodynamics Part 1: Steady State Computations 9 by J-F. Guéry Numerical Modeling of Internal Flow Aerodynamics Part 2: Unsteady Flows 10 by J-F. Guéry Combustion Instabilities in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors 11 by F.E.C. Culick † Paper not available at the time of publishing. RTO-EN-023 v List of Authors/Lecturers Special Course Directors Assis. Prof. Jérôme Anthoine Mr. Paul Kuentzmann Assistant Professor ONERA/DSG von Kármán Institute for Fluid Dynamics BP 72 chaussée de Waterloo 72 92322 Chatillon Cedex 1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse FRANCE BELGIUM email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Lecturers Mr.
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