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Archived Content Contenu Archivé ARCHIVED - Archiving Content ARCHIVÉE - Contenu archivé Archived Content Contenu archivé Information identified as archived is provided for L’information dont il est indiqué qu’elle est archivée reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It est fournie à des fins de référence, de recherche is not subject to the Government of Canada Web ou de tenue de documents. Elle n’est pas Standards and has not been altered or updated assujettie aux normes Web du gouvernement du since it was archived. Please contact us to request Canada et elle n’a pas été modifiée ou mise à jour a format other than those available. depuis son archivage. Pour obtenir cette information dans un autre format, veuillez communiquer avec nous. This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. Community Effects of Law Enforcement Countermeasures against Organized Crime A Retrospective Analysis by Thomas Gabor, Ph.D. and John Kiedrowski, M.A. and Victoria Sytsma, M.C.A. and Ron Melchers, Ph.D. and Carlo Morselli, Ph.D. Compliance Strategy Group Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Prepared for Research and National Coordination Organized Crime Division Law Enforcement and Policing Branch Public Safety Canada The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Public Safety Canada, Statistics Canada or the Government of Canada. Report No. 006, 2010 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010 Cat. No.: PS4-93/2010E-PDF ISBN No.: 978-1-100-19936-8 Table of Contents Executive Summary..……………………………………………………………….……...vi Acknowledgments..……………………………………………………………….……....xii 1. Background ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 3 3. Defining Police Countermeasures................................................................................. 4 4. Defining Organized Crime ............................................................................................ 8 5. Approach ..................................................................................................................... 10 5.1. Identification of Police Countermeasures ........................................................... 12 5.2. Review of the Literature ..................................................................................... 15 5.3. Statistics Canada Data......................................................................................... 15 5.4. Description of Data Sources: UCR and GSS ...................................................... 16 5.4.1. Variables from the UCR ............................................................................. 18 5.4.2. Variables from the GSS .............................................................................. 19 5.5. Data Analysis ...................................................................................................... 20 5.5.1. Limitations of the Data ............................................................................... 20 5.6. Content Analysis ................................................................................................. 22 6. Previous Evaluations of Law-enforcement countermeasures ..................................... 23 6.1. Criteria for the Inclusion of Studies .................................................................... 23 6.2. The Search Strategy ............................................................................................ 25 7. The Effectiveness of Law Enforcement Operations Against Organized Crime ......... 25 7.1. Canadian Law Enforcement Operations ............................................................. 26 7.1.1. International Cocaine Importing Network .................................................. 26 ii 7.1.2. Operation Against an International Cocaine Cartel .................................... 27 7.1.3. Project Outstay ............................................................................................ 27 7.1.4. Project Metrotown ...................................................................................... 27 7.1.5. Project Infiltrate .......................................................................................... 29 7.1.6. Project Tandem ........................................................................................... 30 7.1.7. Operation SHARQC ................................................................................... 30 7.1.8. Project KLIU ............................................................................................... 30 7.1.9. Operation SHADOW .................................................................................. 31 7.2. International Evidence on a Law Enforcement/Supply-Side Approach to Drug- Related Crime ..................................................................................................................... 31 7.3. Effects of Varied Police Operations on Drug Trafficking and Crime ................ 34 7.4. Some Adverse Effects of Law-Enforcement Countermeasures Directed Against OC………………. .............................................................................................................. 38 7.5. Summary ............................................................................................................. 41 8. Effects of Selected Police Countermeasures............................................................... 43 8.1. Operation Springtime 2001 ( Opération Printemps 2001) .................................. 44 8.1.1. Overview of the Operation.......................................................................... 44 8.1.2. Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 45 8.1.3. Data from the Montreal Urban Police ......................................................... 49 8.1.4. Content Analysis ......................................................................................... 50 8.1.5. Summary ..................................................................................................... 58 8.2. Project Kachou, Project Katalyst and Project Kold ............................................ 59 8.2.1. Overview of Projects................................................................................... 59 8.2.2. Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 60 iii 8.2.3. Content Analysis ......................................................................................... 63 8.2.4. Summary ..................................................................................................... 67 8.3. Operation Northern Snow ................................................................................... 67 8.3.1. Overview of the Project .............................................................................. 67 8.3.2. Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 68 8.3.3. Content Analysis ......................................................................................... 71 8.3.4. Summary ..................................................................................................... 79 8.4. Project Eider, Project E-Perhaps and Project E-Page ......................................... 79 8.4.1. Overview of Projects................................................................................... 79 8.4.2. Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 80 8.4.3. Content Analysis ......................................................................................... 85 8.4.4. Summary ..................................................................................................... 85 8.5. Project OsaDa II .................................................................................................. 86 8.5.1. Overview of Project .................................................................................... 86 8.5.2. Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 86 8.5.3. Content Analysis ......................................................................................... 89 8.5.4. Summary ..................................................................................................... 91 8.6. Operation Synergy .............................................................................................. 91 8.6.1. Overview of the Project .............................................................................. 91 8.6.2. Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 92 8.6.3. Content Analysis ........................................................................................
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