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The Role of Political Parties in Transferring Power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14

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The Role of Political Parties in Transferring Power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14 The role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14 . No. 2. 2018,581-608. ISSN 1390-9304 The role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi Sirous Mohebi1 - Farhad Jamshidian Islamic Azad University Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. dr.sirous [email protected] Islamic Azad University Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. [email protected] Abstract: The present article examines the role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi. The main question of this article is that what was the role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi? In response to this hypothesis political parties, especially in the fifth parliament, have played a major role in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi. The parliament played an unparalleled role in the reform process of Reza Khan . The parliament was the site of the day of the country, and were legal activities of the political and intellectual currents. The relations and interactions of these forces, in particular, formed political parties and political organizations that were first reflected in the parliament and eventually reflected outside it, directly or indirectly, on the fate of Reza Khan as the main actor in the political scene of Iran. Reza Khan also stepped up the steps in setting up relations with political factions and influencing their behavior and performance. Obviously, the parliament and political factions within it enjoyed a dominant and dominant role in this cycle. It can be said that the reign of Reza Khan did not come solely through violence, military force, assassinations and military conspiracies, but it was made through an open coalition with various groups inside and outside the fourth and fifth congresses. These forces were: The conservative reformist party, the reformist reformist party, the radical socialist party and the revolutionaries of the communist sect. The fifth parliament, which opened in 1303, was the second pillar of Reza Khan's reach. The type of research methodology will be descriptive-analytic. key words:Political parties, Qajar, Pahlavi, Reza Khan 581 Received: 10-01-2018 Approved: 10-03-2018 The role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14 . No. 2. 2018,581-608. ISSN 1390-9304 Concepts and the nature of the party The party can be defined as a human group with a single ideology. However, in the religious literature, the word "party" has been used in the same sense for both the Proust and Satan. But from another perspective, the Party can be seen as a kind of political settlement, that is a new phenomenon in today's democratic societies. In societies in which the basic rights and freedoms of the nation have been accepted as the underlying principal, the most logical and coherent way is to engage people in their own destinies through the formation of political parties and factions. It must be said that new political parties and factions are different from that of the party in the Qur'anic discourse. There, the party is a complete intellectual movement, but in the new society, there may be several parties that do not belong to a general political or economic ideology. (Ghasemi, 1391: 78). The political party is a set of human beings that gather together with the common purpose and purpose of acting in the political arena for power, and form an organization based on the rules and statutes. The existence of the organization, the leadership, the founding board, the constitution, branches in various cities, are attempt to obtain power through political competition from the conditions and characteristics of a political party. (Shabani Sarouei, 1387: 15-14). The specialized term "party" in the modern sense should not be confused with its lexical meaning (group). The political party is tied to the "gear of the machine of democracy" with the concept of individuality, civil rights, democracy, and the primacy of the right. According to Maurice Doverge: "The similarity of words should not be mistaken. In ancient systems, they called the parties that divided the republics into a party. In the Italian Renaissance, the groups that gathered around people were called the party. They told the party that the clubs were the seat of the assembly of the MPs revolutionary. Against these groups, other groups of large organizations representing public opinion in modern democracies are also called parties. "(Haghighat, 1394: 162). The conditions for the formation of political parties Political parties arise under certain social conditions. Naturally, civil society has to be developed and complicated so that the emergence of parties as representatives of various interests and 582 Received: 10-01-2018 Approved: 10-03-2018 The role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14 . No. 2. 2018,581-608. ISSN 1390-9304 interests comes. In addition, significant sections of the population have to get participation in political life in terms of cultural, social and economic. In the traditional societies in which political power was in the hands of a small oligarchy, the emergence of the party was not possible in the new sense. A political party based on ideology, organization, leadership, and concrete programs is a new phenomenon (Bashirieh, 2006: 122). For political parties, there are five distinct principles of formation: 1. Human nature. The tendency to form political parties is related to human nature. Some people are individually conservative, but others are progressive. Because of this, people are drawn to this or that party due to the differences and mood of temperament. 2. Opposing economic conflicts. This principle is the true foundation of political parties. In the current, situation the party representing the interests of various classes may be represent villagers, landowners, workers or financiers. 3. The environmental factor. The environment also forces people to seek membership in that or that party. They have rightly said that people generally inherit politics and religion. 4. Rationality. The racial sense still has a detrimental effect on party politics. 5. Religious and religious background. These bases may be the basis for the formation of political parties in democracy, or in the process of collapse. In Western countries, political parties are not formed more or less on religious or religious grounds. Such parties in the multi- religious countries take the root of democracy and destroy national unity (Alam, 1999: 348-347). Infrastructure components of parties If we want to describe the theoretical and practical basis of party and faction formation in new societies, we can mention the following: A) Adopt the principle of plurality or diversity and a variety of political, economic, and cultural thoughts B) Accepting the theoretical and practical principle of tolerance C) Adopt the principle of compatibility or cooperation and interaction between different and even conflicting thoughts 583 Received: 10-01-2018 Approved: 10-03-2018 The role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14 . No. 2. 2018,581-608. ISSN 1390-9304 D) the acceptance of the principle of the relative validity of the right and wrong in the realm of man and the avoidance of absolutism and absolute. The reason for the presence of political parties and political factions in the new style is: -The rule of the populist and libertarian systems -The popularity of popular electoral systems (parliament, presidency, councils, etc.) requires the masses of people to manage and preside over, and they are interested in being effective, friendly, and choosing their boss and co-workers. -The lack of the technical and practical feasibility of the rule of all people on their own and the choice of some of the elements chosen to be chosen (Badamchian, 2010: 63). Follow the rules of the political games in the West and its mismatch in political games made it difficult for Iranians to adapt to the functions of Western parties. While Iranians have "character- centered", "monopolistic", "active", "profitable", and "opportunistic" and this is the motive for their membership in the parties; this is due to the dominance of the kingdoms and monarchies throughout the long years of the country. Therefore, the autocratic habit of the kings made Iranians lack the spirit of cooperation and political action to form a party. In any case, the root cause of the ineffectiveness of Iranian parties can be considered as the rule of despotism (Rahvar Monfared, 2003: 20). Every society in order to be able to organize its own state and move to achieve its goals and aspirations, It is imperative to set the framework for rules and regulations. In the meantime, political groups, social groups, organizations and parties, if they have recognized the law, and if they know the law governing their actions, plans and behavior, will largely prevent divergent movements. One of the main causes of political tensions in the process of competition is the lack of compliance of the elites and party leaders with the law. However, the plurality of protocols has high political capabilities to achieve development. But the diversity of ethnic and political groups and the expansion of the area of competition between them is considered a serious threat to the country's compassion. Especially when the competition goes beyond the framework of the principles and calls for the principle of religious rule to be fought (Mirmohammadi, 2000: 243). In general, in every society, there are different institutions to link between people and political 584 Received: 10-01-2018 Approved: 10-03-2018 The role of political parties in transferring power from Qajar to Pahlavi Revista Publicando, 5 No 14 .
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