Gulf of Finland Year 2014
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NORTHERN and ARCTIC SOCIETIES UDC: 316.4(470.1/.2)(045) DOI: 10.37482/Issn2221-2698.2020.41.163
Elena V. Nedoseka, Nikolay I. Karbainov. “Dying” or “New Life” of Single-Industry … 139 NORTHERN AND ARCTIC SOCIETIES UDC: 316.4(470.1/.2)(045) DOI: 10.37482/issn2221-2698.2020.41.163 “Dying” or “New Life” of Single-Industry Towns (the Case Study of Socio-economic Adaptation of Residents of Single-industry Settlements in the North-West of Russia) © Elena V. NEDOSEKA, Cand. Sci. (Soc.), Associate Professor, Senior Researcher E-mail: [email protected] Sociological Institute of the RAS — a branch of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia © Nikolay I. KARBAINOV, Research Fellow E-mail: [email protected] Sociological Institute of the RAS — a branch of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia Abstract. The article is devoted to the socio-economic adaptation of single-industry towns’ population on the example of single-industry settlements in the North-West of Russia. The work’s theoretical and meth- odological framework is the approaches of scientists who study the grassroots practices of survival of small towns and villages (seasonal work, commuting, a distributed way of life, the informal economy). The empir- ical base of the study are statistical data collected from the databases of EMISS, SPARK Interfax, the Foun- dation for the Development of Single-Industry Towns, websites of administrations of single-industry set- tlements in the Northwestern Federal District, as well as data from field studies collected by the method of semi-formalized interviews with representatives of administrations and deputies of city and regional coun- cils, with ordinary residents of single-industry towns in Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda oblasts. -
European River Lamprey Lampetra Fluviatilis in the Upper Volga: Distribution and Biology
European River Lamprey Lampetra Fluviatilis in the Upper Volga: Distribution and Biology Aleksandr Zvezdin AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Aleksandr Kucheryavyy ( [email protected] ) AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2014-5736 Anzhelika Kolotei AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Natalia Polyakova AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Dmitrii Pavlov AN Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Research Keywords: Petromyzontidae, behavior, invasion, distribution, downstream migration, upstream migration Posted Date: February 12th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-187893/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/19 Abstract After the construction of the Volga Hydroelectric Station and other dams, migration routes of the Caspian lamprey were obstructed. The ecological niches vacated by this species attracted another lamprey of the genus Lampetra to the Upper Volga, which probably came from the Baltic Sea via the system of shipways developed in the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Based on collected samples and observations from sites in the Upper Volga basin, we provide diagnostic characters of adults, and information on spawning behavior. Silver coloration of Lampetra uviatilis was noted for the rst time and a new size-related subsample of “large” specimens was delimited, in addition to the previously described “dwarf”, “small” and “common” adult resident sizes categories. The three water systems: the Vyshnii Volochek, the Tikhvin and the Mariinskaya, are possible invasion pathways, based on the migration capabilities of the lampreys. Dispersal and colonization of the Caspian basin was likely a combination of upstream and downstreams migrations. -
Current Ecological State of the Volkhov Bay of the Ladoga Lake
Ecological Chemistry. St. Petersburg, THESA Russia Current ecological state of the Volkhov Bay of the Ladoga Lake. M.A. Naumenko, V.A. Avinsky, M.A. Barbashova, V.V. Guzivaty, S.G. Karetnikov, L.L. Kapustina, G.I. Letanskaya, G.F. Raspletina, I.M. Raspopov, M.A. Rychkova, T.D. Slepukhina, and O.A. Chernykh Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia (Accepted for publication January 25, 2000) Abstract The Volkhov Bay, the largest estuary bay of Ladoga Lake, is characterized. It is shown that owing to special hydrophysical conditions (higher water temperature during ise-free period, low water transparency, and intensive sediments transport) the ecological state of the bay differs considerably from that of other coastal parts of the lake. With respect to economical importance, the catchment area of the Volkhov Bay, is the most developed territory of the Ladoga basin. As a result of increasing nutrient load, eutrophication processes in the bay are obvious. The effect of the waste waters of industrial enterprises favours additional deterioration of water quality in the southern part of the Ladoga Lake. Key words: Ladoga Lake, hydrophysics, bottom sediments, oxygen regime, phosphorus, heavy metals, water pollution, plankton, higher aquatic vegetation, zoobenthos, eutrophication, water quality. Introduction most serious situation occurred in December 1998 The water quality of the Ladoga Lake undergoes when the dam constructed as long ago as in 1928 for considerable changes caused by anthropogenic ef- sewage collection at the purification works of the fect. This mainly concerns the coastal zones of res- Syas pulp and paper mill broke, and unpurified waste ervoir. -
Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin's Soviet Union: New Dimensions of Research
Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin’s Soviet Union New Dimensions of Research Edited by Andrej Kotljarchuk Olle Sundström Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin’s Soviet Union New Dimensions of Research Edited by Andrej Kotljarchuk & Olle Sundström Södertörns högskola (Södertörn University) Library SE-141 89 Huddinge www.sh.se/publications © Authors Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Cover image: Front page of the Finnish-language newspaper Polarnoin kollektivisti, 17 December 1937. Courtesy of Russian National Library. Graphic form: Per Lindblom & Jonathan Robson Printed by Elanders, Stockholm 2017 Södertörn Academic Studies 72 ISSN 1650-433X Northern Studies Monographs 5 ISSN 2000-0405 ISBN 978-91-7601-777-7 (print) Contents List of Illustrations ........................................................................................................................ 7 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ 9 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 15 ANDREJ KOTLJARCHUK & OLLE SUNDSTRÖM PART 1 National Operations of the NKVD. A General Approach .................................... 31 CHAPTER 1 The -
Searching Efficient Protection Strategies for the Eutrophied Gulf of Finland: the Integrated Use of Experimental and Modelling Tools (SEGUE) Final Report
FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 15 | 2007 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Searching efficient protection strategies for the eutrophied Gulf of Finland: the integrated use of experimental and modelling tools (SEGUE) Final Report Heikki Pitkänen and Petra Tallberg (eds.) FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 15 | 2007 Searching efficient protection strategies for the eutrophied Gulf of Finland: the integrated use of experimental and modelling tools (SEGUE) Final Report Heikki Pitkänen and Petra Tallberg (eds) Svetlana Basova, Petri Ekholm, Grigori Frumin, Per O.J. Hall, Susanna Hietanen, Anni Huhtala, Natalia Ignatyeva, Arto Inkala, Mikko Kiirikki, Sergei Kondratyev, Jorma Koponen, Päivi Korpinen, Jorma Kuparinen, Ari Laine, Marita Laukkanen, Jouni Lehtoranta, Mirja Leivuori, Kaarina Lukkari, Kristjan Piirimäe, Heikki Pitkänen, Marjukka Porvari, Pirjo Rantanen, Hannu Rita, Antti Räike, Juha Sarkkula, Oleg Savchuk, Petra Tallberg, Anders Tengberg, Fredrik Wulff Finnish Environment Institute Finnish Institute of Marine Research University of Helsinki Agrifood Research Finland Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences North-West Administration of Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Stockholm University Tallinn Technical University Göteborg University Environment Impact Assessment Centre of Finland Luode Consulting Helsinki 2007 Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) FINNISH ENVIRONMENT 15 | 2007 Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) 2nd revised edition Front cover: Petra Tallberg Page layout: DTPage Oy The publication is available in the internet: http://www.environment.fi/publications Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy, Vammala 2007 ISBN 978-952-11-2670-3 (pbk.) ISBN 978-952-11-2671-0 (PDF) ISSN 1238-7312 (print) ISSN 1796-1637 (online) PREFACE The SEGUE Project was a part of the BIREME (Baltic Sea Research) Program coordi- nated by the Academy of Finland. The project was financed by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment, the Academy of Finland and the Nordic Council of Ministers, as well as by all the participating research institutes. -
Environmental Planning and Management of Waterway Construction (Historical Experience of Russia in the 18Th Century and the Beginning of the 19Th Century)
E3S Web of Conferences 91, 05023 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /20199105023 TPACEE-2018 Environmental planning and management of waterway construction (historical experience of Russia in the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century) Milena Zolotareva1,* 1Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4, Vtoraja Krasnoarmejskaja str., 190005, Saint Petersburg, Russia Abstract. An interdisciplinary analysis of an ecological system of waterway includes several related environmental science fields. Environmental planning and management is an important component in the construction of waterways. The aim of the study was to analyze the legislative framework that forms the vertical of construction management of water communications in Russia. Research in this field allows us to look at current problems through the prism of the historical process, political and socio-economic reforms of society. As a result of the study, the historical experience of the development of water communication in Russia was analyzed. The base of the research was constituted by legislative standards issued in Russia in the period under review. At the same time considering the development of the legislative framework and the actual construction process, it was found that the legislative system had a direct impact on the waterway building practice. This made it possible to determine the extent of the impact of changes in state institutions and their structural components on the overall organization of management and regulation of construction and on the practice of creating a system of waterways in Russia. These studies make it possible to systematize the historical experience of the development of functional, methodological, and organizational forms of regulating the construction of water communications in the period under review. -
Distribution of Periphytic Diatoms in the Rivers of the Lake Ladoga Basin (Northwestern Russia)
Color profile: Disabled Composite 150 lpi at 45 degrees Acta Bot. Croat. 68 (2), 301–312, 2009 CODEN: ABCRA25 ISSN 0365–0588 Distribution of periphytic diatoms in the rivers of the Lake Ladoga basin (Northwestern Russia) ALEXANDER G. RUSANOV1*, ELENA V. S TANISLAVSKAYA1,EVA ACS2 1 Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastyanova 9, 196 105, St. Petersburg, Russia. 2 Institute of Ecology and Botany of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungarian Danube Research Station, Jávorka S. u. 14, 2131 Göd, Hungary. Relationships between distribution of periphytic diatoms and environmental variables in 19 rivers of the Lake Ladoga basin (Northwestern Russia) were examined using gradient analysis. On the basis of geology and river water chemistry, the Lake Ladoga basin could be separated into two main parts, the northern and the southern sub-basin. The rivers in the northern sub-basin are slightly acidic and low in conductivity (mean value 53 mScm–1); the rivers in the southern sub-basin have neutral to slightly alkaline waters with higher conductivities (mean value 168 mScm–1). A detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) defined two groups of rivers generally corresponding to the two main parts of the Lake Ladoga basin. Fragilaria capucina var. rumpens, Frustulia saxonica and Tabellaria flocculosa were the typical species for the northern sub-basin, whereas Cocconeis pla- centula var. euglypta, Ulnaria ulna and Gomphonema parvulum were characteristic spe- cies for the southern sub-basin. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified conductivity, pH, bicarbonate, total phosphorus and water colour as the most important environmental variables related to changes in assemblage structure. -
Assessing the Trend of the Trophic State of Lake Ladoga Based on Multi-Year (1997–2019) CMEMS Globcolour-Merged CHL-OC5 Satellite Observations
sensors Article Assessing the Trend of the Trophic State of Lake Ladoga Based on Multi-Year (1997–2019) CMEMS GlobColour-Merged CHL-OC5 Satellite Observations Augustine-Moses Gaavwase Gbagir 1,* and Alfred Colpaert 2 1 School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, Borealis Building A 3rd Floor, 80101 Joensuu, Finland 2 Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, Metria-Building, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland; alfred.colpaert@uef.fi * Correspondence: augustine.gbagir@uef.fi Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 27 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: The trophic state of Lake Ladoga was studied during the period 1997–2019, using the Copernicus Marine Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS) GlobColour-merged chlorophyll-a OC5 algorithm (GlobColour CHL-OC5) satellite observations. Lake Ladoga, in general, is mesotrophic but certain parts of the lake have been eutrophic since the 1960s due to the discharge of wastewater from industrial, urban, and agricultural sources. Since then, many ecological assessments of the Lake’s state have been made. These studies have indicated that various changes are taking place in the lake and continuous monitoring of the lake is essential to update the current knowledge of its state. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term trend in chl-a in Lake Ladoga. The results showed a gradual reduction in chl-a concentration, indicating a moderate improvement. Chl-a concentrations (minimum-maximum values) varied spatially. The shallow southern shores did not show any improvement while the situation in the north is much better. -
Guide to Industry in the Leningrad Region
GUIDE TO INDUSTRY IN THE LENINGRAD REGION LENINGRAD REGION COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY PwC Russia (www.pwc.ru) provides industry-focused assurance, advisory, tax and legal services. Over 2,500 people work in our offices in Mos- cow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Vladikavkaz. We share our thinking, ex- perience and solutions to develop fresh perspectives and practical advice to open up new opportunities for business. The global network of PwC firms brings together more than 180,000 people in 158 countries. PwC first came to the Russian market in 1913, and re-established its presence in 1989. Over the past 20 years, PwC has grown to become the larg- est professional services provider in Russia. TABLE OF CONTENTS According to independent research conducted among the largest companies and organisations in Russia over the period 2008-2012, PwC has consistently been the strongest brand among the Big Four over the past five years. This study was conducted anonymously by an independent research organisation to ESOMAR standards. 4 Introduction by the Governor - Defence-industrial complex of the Leningrad Region - Mining - Production and distribution of power, 6 Foreword by the Managing gas and water Partner of PwC Russia - Agricultural sector - Success stories 10 Investment potential • ZAO International Paper of the Leningrad Region • Tikhvin Freight Car - Social and economic situation Building Plant CJSC - Gross regional product (GRP) • OAO Ust-Luga -
Guide to Industry in the Leningrad Region
GUIDE TO INDUSTRY IN THE LENINGRAD REGION LENINGRAD REGION COMMITTEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY 1X$3VTTJB XXXQXDSV QSPWJEFTJOEVTUSZGPDVTFEBTTVSBODF BEWJTPSZ UBYBOEMFHBMTFSWJDFT0WFS QFPQMFXPSLJOPVSPGΎDFTJO.PT- cow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Krasnodar, Voronezh, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Vladikavkaz. We share our thinking, ex- perience and solutions to develop fresh perspectives and practical advice to open up new opportunities for business. The global network of PwC ΎSNTCSJOHTUPHFUIFSNPSFUIBO QFPQMFJODPVOUSJFT 1X$ΎSTUDBNFUPUIF3VTTJBONBSLFUJO BOESFFTUBCMJTIFEJUTQSFTFODFJO0WFSUIFQBTUZFBST 1X$IBTHSPXOUPCFDPNFUIFMBSH- est professional services provider in Russia. TABLE OF COONNTTEENNTS "DDPSEJOHUPJOEFQFOEFOUSFTFBSDIDPOEVDUFEBNPOHUIFMBSHFTUDPNQBOJFTBOEPSHBOJTBUJPOTJO3VTTJBPWFSUIFQFSJPE 1X$IBT DPOTJTUFOUMZCFFOUIFTUSPOHFTUCSBOEBNPOHUIF#JH'PVSPWFSUIFQBTUΎWFZFBST5IJTTUVEZXBTDPOEVDUFEBOPOZNPVTMZCZBOJOEFQFOEFOU SFTFBSDIPSHBOJTBUJPOUP&40."3TUBOEBSET 4 Innttrooduucctiionn bbyy tthe Goovveernnnoor - Defence-industrial complex of thhhee Lenninnggrraad Reegiionn - Mining - Production and distribution of power, 6 FoForrewwoorrd byy tthhe MMaanaagginngg gas and water PParrtnnneer of PwwCC RRuusssiaa - Agricultural sector - Success stories 100 Innvvesssttmmennt pootteenttiaal ã© ZAO International Paper of thhhee Lenninnggrraad Reegiionn ã© Tikhvin Freight Car - Social and economic situation Building Plant CJSC - Gross regional product (GRP) ã© OAO Ust-Luga Company - Investment climate ã© Galactika Group of Companies -
Hannu Hernesniemi INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS in NORTHWEST
LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Northern Dimension Research Centre Publication 36 Hannu Hernesniemi INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN NORTHWEST RUSSIA Lappeenranta University of Technology Northern Dimension Research Centre P.O.Box 20, FIN-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland Telephone: +358-5-621 11 Telefax: +358-5-621 2644 URL: www.lut.fi/nordi Lappeenranta 2006 ISBN 952-214-325-1 (paperback) ISBN 952-214-326-X (PDF) ISSN 1459-6679 Industrial Clusters in Northwest Russia Hannu Hernesniemi 1 Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 5 2 Development of Soviet Industrial System......................................................... 8 3 Competitive Edge of Russia and the Role of Northwest .................................12 3.1 Russian industrial structure .......................................................................12 3.2 Current Competitive Edge and Clusters.....................................................14 3.3 Economy of Northwest Russia ..................................................................19 4 Transform from complexes to clusters in Northwest Russia..........................26 4.1 Energy cluster...........................................................................................26 4.1.1 History ..........................................................................................26 4.1.2 Future prospects ............................................................................32 4.2 Metal cluster.............................................................................................36 -
Land-Locked Salmon in the Ladoga and Onego Basins
1 Land-locked Salmon in the Ladoga and Onego basins Authors: Dr. Sergey Titov Dr. Dmitry Sendek Dr. Igor Schurov Baltic Fund for Nature, Saint Petersburg 2008 2 Contents SALMON OF LAKE LADOGA 3 The Hijtola River 4 The Suskuanjoki River 5 The Ikhala River 6 The Mijnala River 7 The Tokhma River 7 The Yanisjoki River 8 The Sjuskjuanjoki River 9 The Kojrinjoki River 10 The Uuksa River 11 The Tulema River 11 The Vidlitsa River 11 The Tuloksa River 12 The Olonka River 12 The Svir River 12 The Pasha River (tributary of the Svir) 13 The Ojat River (tributary of the Svir) 14 The Syas River 15 The Vuoksa River 15 SALMON OF LAKE ONEGO 18 The Lososinka River 20 The Shuja River 20 The Suna River 22 The Lizhma River 23 The Unitsa River 24 The Kumsa River 24 The Povenchanka River 24 The Nemina River 25 The Pyalma River 25 The Tuba River 25 The Vodla River 26 The Andoma River 27 The Vytegra River 27 The Megra River 27 The Vodlitsa River 27 ACTIVITIES AIMED AT CONSERVATION OF LAKE SALMON POPULATIONS 28 REFERENCES 32 3 SALMON OF LAKE LADOGA th In the beginning of the 20P P century, the basin of Lake Ladoga had over 40 salmon spawning th rivers (Valetov, 1999). By the end of the 20P P century the number had decreased to 10 - 18 rivers most of which are small ones flowing into the northern part of the lake (picture 1). The first signs of the reduction of the number of local spawning populations of Ladoga salmon th were noted as early as in the beginning of the 20P P century after the construction of cascades of hydraulic facilities (Hydro Power Plants (HHP), longitudinal dykes, splash and mill dams) that completely or partly blocked the upstream migration of spawners.