DOCSLIB.ORG

Finno-Ugrian Hydronyms of the River Volkhov and Luga Catchment Areas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Finno-Ugrian Hydronyms of the River Volkhov and Luga Catchment Areas SUSA/JSFOu 93, 2011 Pauli RAHKONEN (Lahti) Finno-Ugrian hydronyms of the River Volkhov and Luga catchment areas "!" !"$"B !w!$ !!;$?B? !;"B of the formants of hydronyms, the distribution of Chud toponyms and the names of large !9"!^$ $! ;$ 1. Preface """">w- " '++M&&++Z$?B""" !$?" concentrated on the material assumed to be Finno-Ugrian. "$ article, “The Linguistic Background of the Ancient Meshchera Tribe and Principal Areas of Settlement” !Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 60 (2009). In this article, the boundaries of the ancient settlements of the Meshchera tribe and their !$"The South-Eastern Contact Field of the Finnic Languages. Its goal is primarily to describe the linguis- ;B;<= =>="$1 Furthermore, I attempt to trace as far as possible the languages and settlements of the vanished and poorly researched Finno-Ugrian tribes of the Upper Volkhov and Luga area. ? ? ! ;" chronicles. In Section 2, I present the topic of investigation and its history. Section ,BB!!" !B- & ;wB^B>B;B@BB w>$;<=="B """$ª?R =<&~CC?"$ 206 $?'";- !;""w!$ In Section 5, I analyse the (topo)formants of the Finno-Ugrian hydronyms in Novgorod oblast. In B?«6¬«š¬;B ;<="""«h¬" Finnic.2?(?"$;"BC?BB "" 9 $ 9 ! ^$?! ^B!!"9$" conclusions are presented in Section 9. ? " "B "B?=$$ª#ª# 9#ª=9# "B $$$|BB linguistic reasons demand it. 2. Research questions and research history ?!=>w9 populated by Finno-Ugrian peoples until their russification in the Late Middle Ages. |B!- $^!"!!"$ For this reason, there has been no deep linguistic analysis. Usually the research has !!"!!;<=B such as the lakes 9¦#(D!ó#(DR, 9¦ÈD#KD)óÈD)KD)and the river Msta (e.g. ?&~C`&(=*++,`~*++**,*M*,,$ southern boundaries of Finno-Ugrian toponyms as running alongside the northern side of the river Daugava (~ Zapadnaya Dvina) from Livonia to the Kaluga region "!&~~('B;$&*$ Although not only Sedov, but also such scholars as Popov (1981) and Vasilyev (2005: 19) and others have noted the Finno-Ugrian layer of toponyms, I have not heard "";<= "!$!"" B_"$>" *++`""$?!- lications include Popov’s Iz istorii finno-ugorskikh narodnostey SSSR (1947), Sedov’s O^" " " _P ! Finno- Ugry i Slavyane (1979), Tretyakov’s ¡!!9»K)¤#NÈ#!D!Û!DW)D9#KD (1966) and Ageyeva’s Gidronimiya Russkogo Severo-Zapada kak istochnik kulturno- * ;B@!;š B!"Âs ¬ š). ;<="">w*+( istoricheskoy informatsii (1989). In Finnish circles, no thorough study of Finno-Ugrian !"!$- eral assumption that the Chudes belonged to the Finnic linguistic group and lived east of Lake Peipus on the upper reaches of the rivers Luga and Volkhov, mostly in the area !$!- #&~~(&`+M&(&$ In this study I have, utilizing the discipline of onomastics, endeavoured espe- "!;<= !$?!" confirm a Finnic origin for the Novgorodian Chudes as claimed in earlier literature, "B "$?"_B a Finnic tribe has been based practically upon only the three hydronyms Ilmen, Seliger and Msta. ;"B!!" !wª;$ 2.1. Chudes in the research frame Previous ethnohistorical research on the Novgorodian Land has concentrated espe- "$3# (1997: 151, 161) has argued that the ethnonym {%0D spread from the original $|!- " the area around the lakes Chudskoye ozero ~ Peipus and Ilmen. No doubt, these are "!$ #R!""! $ "!BB!B !"$"!&~~( ~M&`"*+ century. His conclusion is that almost all of the Finno-Ugrian nations that the Slavs encountered " !$ &~~( ~B $ %9 oblast and claims the present population to be partly descendants of the Chudes. There "!B information). Supposedly, in that area they may be the descendants of the so-called O ! P ² ], though the chroni- w&~~'&+9w&~`$ ;!!!>%&~,` 3 There are numerous mentions of the Chudes also in the folklore of different districts and ethnic groups. Due to a lack of space, I have not broached this subject in the present article. 208 &~`'?&~&B>ª!&~'(B^&~* ;&~`$!- tions. Therefore, in this study I have used the term “Novgorodian Chudes” in order """ >w"$ 2.2. Finnic anthroponyms of the Novgorodian Birchbark Documents According to Saarikivi (2007: 243–244), the Finnic anthroponyms of the Novgorodian Birchbark Documents mainly resemble the medieval names in the Karelian Isthmus and Ingria. It is important to note that the anthroponyms of these birchbark documents have ^$?"" ^B"!$?" in the oldest stratum of the documents (ca 1000–1125 AD), no Finnic anthroponyms !$*++(*'&$BB"B! ""; !$!"#&~~(&`'B administrative language does not mention either the Land of the Chudes or the Chudes B"Ow Chudes”. One must bear in mind that in the birchbark documents, the ethnonym in question is frequently represented (Janne Saarikivi, personal information). "%`%},?:@'&' Archaeologists have also studied the Finno-Ugrian ethnohistory of the area to some $=ú<>(++M 400 BC). The population of this culture has been understood as a group that spoke 9<;ú*++&'+M&'&=*++,*$"!BB to determine the boundaries of the ancient Vote and Ingrian settlements during the "!&~~('B;$&*B;$&C$!- ww$ !"wª"$ boundary of transparently Finnic hydronyms (see Section 4) is also placed rather close to these lines. (See Map 1.) When studying the history of the Chudes by utilizing archaeological methods, !"B B½4 This question has produced ' ?!!\$?" that any language and certain features of a local material culture together usually form ethnic identities. "!"!"!- logical material really can serve as an ethnic marker. Such material can supposedly be found. ;<="">w*+~ $;B*++(- !$ !B$X "!½# 9B! $!!! the Slavs and the Finnic tribes or the Chudes. These supposedly occurred around 400 AD (Kallio 2006: 157). After 1050 AD the chronicles cease to mention the Chudes. ?! $ !B "$ 2.3.1. The Long Barrow Culture There has been heavy disagreement about the ethnic background of the so-called long !kurgans) and sopka graves.5 The former are found in the Pskov–Novgorod– M*++(*$ `"Z!"9 *++(*`,$>""wª` century AD) B=>!"ú *++&'`$w!!= ZB9=Z^w*++( *&B*'($w&~(,&+&9! !;$?"B!- @"&~'&"&~`, &~`+&~+$ !wª ª!w"&~&,+M&,&&~C*+M**"&~+, #&~,+ú*++&'$wª Culture seemingly spread to the Polotsk and Smolensk regions and further to the Z$ª && century AD. The Primary Chronicle, or Povest vremennykh let [PVL] tells of a tribe called Golyad [~ East Galindies] w&~~'&+`$@*++(&'CB Bª@' `M(Z$!"!ª ;<="!<- entation of Sedov. The Baltic area also included the environs of Polotsk and Smolensk, $w!$ 5 The question of the sopka graves is so controversial that there is no possibility to treat this subject in this article. 210 "ª!Z Latgalians. Kriiska and Tvauri (2007: 193) report that after the Age of Migrations (5th–6th Z";<= w^$" wªª!$B later became Finnic (Machinskiy 1990: 116–119). Slavs undoubtedly began to move wª! millennium at the latest. Vote (Ryabinin 1997: 4) Ingrians (ibid. 1997:Svir’ 62) Vyborg Ladoga Chud-toponyms the southern boundary of Finnic hydronyms the boundary of the Long Barrow Culture (ibid. 1997: 17) St. Petersburg V e p s Neva Syas Volkhov Tikhvin V o t e I n g r i a n s Narva Luga Chudovo Chudskoyeskkooyye ozeroo ? Chudes Msta Novgorod Population of the Long Barrow Culture Ilmen ? Chudes Pskov Lovat Map 1%W?'??,:;z&' @'Z:=$^^{_;%$";%$\%W?,:? Chud-toponyms and the southern boundary of Finnic hydronyms (see also Map 11). ;<="">w*&& Ääninen FINLAND Vychegda Svir Laatokka St. Petersburg Pietari Sukhona Volkhov the area of the Long Unþa Barrow Culture Vjatka theVetluga boundary of Baltic and Finno-Ugric tribes in theMari-El Migration Niþnij- NovgorodAge (Kriiska & TvauriKazan 2007: 148) Volga Oka the area of the Dyakovo Culture (Patrushev 2000: 90) Dnieper Sura Ryazan Map 2. The boundary of Finno-Ugrian and Baltic tribes in the Age of Migrations (Kriiska & W'"##{$_\% 2.3.2. Dyakovo Culture (9th century BC–7th century AD) "!!"! Baltic and Finno-Ugrian tribes during the Late Dyakovo Culture (3th–7th centuries Zwª`M&+Z"!&~~(&`& $"^"?BZ<Z (called ! $ ?B"ª B=Z Z"B" ;<=ú*++&*`M*(@*++&*CM*~$?- ú!9B!!\B- "*++&,~B!wª wZ"$*++(*`*M*`'! 9 Z"$|BZ"*&*B!- !!$? 212 B<$$_&~('B;$'C =>$$9*+++~+&~~~ ``"&~&'`M&`,#"&~((`$?B a considerable part of the Novgorodian Chudes most likely lived under the influence of the Upper-Volgaic Late Dyakovo Culture. 2.3.3. Medieval Novgorod "B Novgorod, has been dated to around 850 AD and the earliest material of Novgorod ~*`M~`+Z=*++,`$!!Nerev|skiy konets and a street called Chudintsevaya ulitsa in the late medieval Novgorod (ibid. 2006: 368).6?=>B"D)DI ó!D)D4ó(D)Dare linked to the Meryans (Ahlqvist 1999: 627). 9!!!"@$ "&,&' centuries, and are commonly thought to have been made by Chudes (Uino 1997: 191, Fig. 6:14.). Altogether at least 64 horse-motif pendants have been found (ibid. 1997: 192 reference to Sedova 1981: *CM,'"!&~C&$!";< Ugrian cultures of the Oka and Upper Volga area. A figure of a horse-shaped pendant !""!&~~(&C*B;$'(B!\&+!$ ==>B called Chudskoy Stan.7 It belongs to the group V according to the classification of "!B$=! "Ç?ÇB!!"ÇÇ"!&~C&@ nakhodok, numbers 639–642). "!B=<"!- "@>!ww$ |"!<- w"!&~~('~B;$&,$$?" type represented by the Uglich pendant is not common in the Meryan core areas. "B"!&~~(&C~M&C&! by some subgroup, different from the actual Meryans. Proper Meryan horse-pendants "Ç>??"!"- "²@"_´ *++*(($BNerevskiy Konets and Chudintsevaya ulitsa "BB!B- dition of the Upper-Volgaic art of horse-shaped pendants in Novgorod as late as the 14th century AD. 6 From an anthroponym Chudin QR$ 7 Stan $ ;<="">w*&, 2.4. The old Russian chronicles !"B$$B"B B$X?B ""!!"- !"$?"!" the Povest vremennykh let (PVL) of Mordvins, Cheremis, Livonians, Kurians and Zhemgalians are taken as reliable, but the mentions of Chudes and Meryans have been questioned only because they have no continuous presence up to modern times. Of 9>wBB!!$$ 9"w*++*`($ Nonetheless, the description of the ethnic groups seems reliable because these groups $9 ²MMª_´8 , || [Volga–Oka area]:!,, ,[north-eastern area]: Ȍ, || [Baltic area]: ! ú J > !B (Lithuania), Ȍ (Latvian Zhemgals), (Latvian Kurians),ª group), (Livonians) (PVL). On these grounds, my opinion is that there is no rea- !!"Chude, Merya and Muroma. This is proven also by the ethnonymic toponyms that have been preserved !(*++!`*$ 9>w!" "_!" princes of Kiev as a part of the common army (Lihatshov 1994: 20,24).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Problems of Authenticity in Modern Finnic Minority Literatures
    Johanna Laakso Real Language, Real Literature: Problems of Authenticity in Modern Finnic Minority Literatures Abstract: Alongside the nation-state languages Finnish and Estonian, their sister varieties – such as Meänkieli in Sweden, Kven in Norway, Karelian in Finland and Russia, Veps in Russia, or Võro in southern Estonia – are now either recognized or striving for recognition as minority languages. Developing literary standards and literatures raises questions of authenticity: is language a naturally existing part of ethnic identity or something that must be cultivated and formally studied? Should literature offer realistic depictions of the life and multilingual language use of minorities, or should it serve the puristic goals of language planning and language-based identity building? The ways in which literary and mimetic multi- lingualism can relate to the linguistic reality of minorities are still in need of further research. Keywords: authenticity, Estonia, language planning, minority literatures, multi- lingualism, Russia, Scandinavia 1 A language for a nation The national awakenings prompted by Romantic nationalism in the nineteenth century led to the standardization of many Finno-Ugric languages: first in the emerging state language projects, and then at different points of time into the late twentieth century, also involving many Finno-Ugric minorities. The goals of these processes were not only practical and political but also aesthetic: to create a language for artistic expression. Romantic nationalism saw language as a supra-individual product of nature and the Volksgeist. The Romantic pioneer authors of emerging nations used “a subaltern vernacular in order to demonstrate and celebrate its literary capabil- ities” (Leerssen 2013, 13). Paradoxically, however, they had to overlook the pro- cesses of language planning and forget the fact that the language they used was not a direct representation of the authentic vernacular but an artefact, as alien to the common people as were the Western forms and genres in which it was used.
    [Show full text]
  • Instrument of Ratification)1
    Proposed Declaration (instrument of ratification)1 1. In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Charter, the Russian Federation undertakes to apply the provisions of Part II to all the regional or minority languages spoken within its territory and which comply with the definition in Article 1. 2. In accordance with Article 2, paragraph 2, and Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Charter, the Russian Federation declares that the provisions set out below shall apply to the following languages in the specified territories: Abaza (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Adyghe (Republic of Adygea), Aghul (Republic of Dagestan), Altai (Republic of Altai), Avar (Republic of Dagestan), Azeri (Republic of Dagestan), Balkar (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria), Bashkir (Republic of Bashkortostan), Buryat (Republic of Buryatia), Chechen (Republics of Chechnya and Dagestan), Cherkess (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Chuvash (Republic of Chuvashia), Dargin (Republic of Dagestan), Ingush (Republic of Ingushetia), Kabardian (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria), Kalmyk (Republic of Kalmykia), Karachay (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Khakas (Republic of Khakasia), Komi (Republic of Komi), Kumyk (Republic of Dagestan), Lak (Republic of Dagestan), Lezgian (Republic of Dagestan), Mountain and Meadow Mari (Republic of Mari El), Moksha and Erzya Mordovian (Republic of Mordovia), Nogai (Republics of Dagestan and Karachay-Cherkessia), Ossetic (Republic of North Ossetia), Rutul (Republic of Dagestan), Sakha (Republic of Sakha), Tabasaran (Republic of Dagestan), Tat (Republic of Dagestan), Tatar (Republic of Tatarstan), Tsakhur (Republic of Dagestan), Tuvan (Republic of Tuva) and Udmurt (Republic of Udmurtia) Article 8 – Education Paragraph 1.a.i; b.ii; c.ii; d.ii; e.ii; f.i; g; h; i. Article 9 – Judicial authorities Paragraph 1.a.ii; a.iii; a.iv; b.ii; b.iii; c.ii; c.iii.
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Inclusiones Issn 0719-4706 Volumen 7 – Número Especial – Octubre/Diciembre 2020
    CUERPO DIRECTIVO Mg. Amelia Herrera Lavanchy Universidad de La Serena, Chile Director Dr. Juan Guillermo Mansilla Sepúlveda Mg. Cecilia Jofré Muñoz Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile Universidad San Sebastián, Chile Editor Mg. Mario Lagomarsino Montoya OBU - CHILE Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chile Editor Científico Dr. Claudio Llanos Reyes Dr. Luiz Alberto David Araujo Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile Pontificia Universidade Católica de Sao Paulo, Brasil Dr. Werner Mackenbach Editor Europa del Este Universidad de Potsdam, Alemania Dr. Aleksandar Ivanov Katrandzhiev Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Universidad Suroeste "Neofit Rilski", Bulgaria Mg. Rocío del Pilar Martínez Marín Cuerpo Asistente Universidad de Santander, Colombia Traductora: Inglés Ph. D. Natalia Milanesio Lic. Pauline Corthorn Escudero Universidad de Houston, Estados Unidos Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Dra. Patricia Virginia Moggia Münchmeyer Portada Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile Lic. Graciela Pantigoso de Los Santos Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Ph. D. Maritza Montero Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela COMITÉ EDITORIAL Dra. Eleonora Pencheva Dra. Carolina Aroca Toloza Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Universidad de Chile, Chile Dra. Rosa María Regueiro Ferreira Dr. Jaime Bassa Mercado Universidad de La Coruña, España Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile Mg. David Ruete Zúñiga Dra. Heloísa Bellotto Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, Chile Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil Dr. Andrés Saavedra Barahona Dra. Nidia Burgos Universidad San Clemente de Ojrid de Sofía, Bulgaria Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina Dr. Efraín Sánchez Cabra Mg. María Eugenia Campos Academia Colombiana de Historia, Colombia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dra. Mirka Seitz Dr. Francisco José Francisco Carrera Universidad del Salvador, Argentina Universidad de Valladolid, España Ph.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-European Action Plan for Sturgeons
    Strasbourg, 30 November 2018 T-PVS/Inf(2018)6 [Inf06e_2018.docx] CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL HABITATS Standing Committee 38th meeting Strasbourg, 27-30 November 2018 PAN-EUROPEAN ACTION PLAN FOR STURGEONS Document prepared by the World Sturgeon Conservation Society and WWF This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. Ce document ne sera plus distribué en réunion. Prière de vous munir de cet exemplaire. T-PVS/Inf(2018)6 - 2 - Pan-European Action Plan for Sturgeons Multi Species Action Plan for the: Russian sturgeon complex (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, A. persicus-colchicus), Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii), Ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris), Atlantic/Baltic sturgeon, (Acipenser oxyrinchus), Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus), European/Common sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), and Beluga (Huso huso). Geographical Scope: European Union and neighbouring countries with shared basins such as the Black Sea, Mediterranean, North Eastern Atlantic Ocean, North Sea and Baltic Sea Intended Lifespan of Plan: 2019 – 2029 Russian Sturgeon Adriatic Sturgeon Ship Sturgeon Atlantic or Baltic complex Sturgeon Sterlet Stellate Sturgeon Beluga European/Common Sturgeon © M. Roggo f. A. sturio; © Thomas Friedrich for all others Supported by - 3 - T-PVS/Inf(2018)6 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE: The Action Plan in general addresses the entire Bern Convention scope (51 Contracting Parties, including the European Union) and in particular the countries with shared sturgeon waters in Europe. As such, it focuses primarily on the sea basins in Europe: Black Sea, Mediterranean, North-East Atlantic, North Sea, Baltic Sea, and the main rivers with relevant current or historic sturgeon populations (see Table 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Situne Dei Årsskrift För Sigtunaforskning Och Historisk Arkeologi
    Situne Dei Årsskrift för Sigtunaforskning och historisk arkeologi 2014 Redaktion: Anders Söderberg Rune Edberg Magnus Källström Elisabet Claesson Utgiven av Sigtuna Museum SITUNE DEI Med Fornkåre genom Ryssland 2013 Rapport från den fortsatta färden med en kopia av en vikingatida båt Lennart Widerberg 1 I Situne Dei 2013 berättade jag om expeditionen med Fornkåre, en kopia av en vikingatida båt, från Sverige till Ryssland. Med start i Uppsala gick färden förbi Sigtuna och Stockholm. Vidare via Kökar, Helsingfors, Viborg och S:t Petersburg. Därefter på Neva, Ladoga och Volchov fram till målet, den gamla staden Novgorod, av vikingatidens skandinaver kallad Holmgård. Sammanlagd färdtid var 23 dagar (Widerberg 2013). Sommaren 2013 fortsatte färden från Novgorod söderut, först över den grunda slättsjön Ilmen, därefter på floden Lovat (fig. 1). Varför åka båt på Lovat? Floden är omtalad i den fornryska krönikan (också kallad Nestorskrönikan) som en del av “Vägen från varjagerna till grekerna”, dvs från Skandinavien till det bysantinska riket. Många forskare har dragit slutsatsen att svenska vikingar brukade färdas genom Ryssland med båtar och skepp längs detta stråk medan andra har ifrågasatt om det verkligen varit möjligt att ta sig fram på detta sätt. Figur 1. Fornkåres sjö- och flodfärd 2013 startade i Novgorod och avbröts strax söder om Velikie Luki. Den slingriga färdsträckan var ca 410 km. Avståndet fågelvägen är ca 260 km. Karta red. 82 LENNART WIDERBERG Figur 2. Fornkåre närmar sig Lovats mynning i Ilmen och träffar här på ett mudderverk. Foto: författaren. Fornkåre är 9,6 meter lång, byggd av mig som en trogen kopia av ett arkeologiskt fynd från Roslagen, den så kallade Viksbåten.
    [Show full text]
  • Izhorians: a Disappearing Ethnic Group Indigenous to the Leningrad Region
    Acta Baltico-Slavica, 43 Warszawa 2019 DOI: 10.11649/abs.2019.010 Elena Fell Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-7696 Izhorians: A disappearing ethnic group indigenous to the Leningrad region This review article presents a concise overview of selected research findings rela- ted to various issues concerning the study of Izhorians, including works by A. I. Kir′ianen, A. V. Labudin and A. A. Samodurov (Кирьянен et al., 2017); A. I. Kir′ianen, (Кирьянен, 2016); N. Kuznetsova, E. Markus and M. Muslimov (Kuznetsova, Markus, & Muslimov, 2015); M. Muslimov (Муслимов, 2005); A. P. Chush′′ialova (Чушъялова, 2010); F. I. Rozhanskiĭ and E. B. Markus (Рожанский & Маркус, 2013); and V. I. Mirenkov (Миренков, 2000). The evolution of the term Izhorians The earliest confirmed record of Izhorians (also known as Ingrians), a Finno-Ugrian ethnic group native to the Leningrad region,1 appears in thirteenth-century Russian 1 Whilst the city of Leningrad became the city of Saint Petersburg in 1991, reverting to its pre-So- viet name, the Leningrad region (also known as the Leningrad oblast) retained its Soviet name after the collapse of the USSR. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 PL License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/pl/), which permits redistribution, commercial and non- -commercial, provided that the article is properly cited. © The Author(s) 2019. Publisher: Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences [Wydawca: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk] Elena Fell Izhorians: A disappearing ethnic group indigenous to the Leningrad region chronicles, where, according to Chistiakov (Чистяков, 2006), “Izhora” people were mentioned as early as 1228.
    [Show full text]
  • Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Instytut Historii I Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu W Białymstoku
    Materiały do Archeologii Warmii i Mazur Tom 1 Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Instytut Historii i Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku Materiały do Archeologii Warmii i Mazur Tom 1 pod redakcją Sławomira Wadyla, Macieja Karczewskiego, Mirosława Hoffmanna Warszawa-Białystok 2015 Wydawca Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego Instytut Historii i Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku Copyright © S. Wadyl, M. Karczewski, M. Hoffmann i autorzy Warszawa-Białystok 2015 Recenzja naukowa dr hab. Zofia Sulgostowska, prof. IAE PAN, dr hab. Bartosz Kontny Projekt okładki Sławomir Wadyl Rycina na okładce Przywieszka pasa ze stanowiska ofiarnego w d. jeziorze Nidajno (Czaszkowo I, gm. Piecki, pow. Mrągowo). Fot. M. Osiadacz Redakcja techniczna Sławomir Wadyl Korekta Zespół Skład i łamanie Sławomir Wadyl Druk i oprawa Zakład Graficzny UW, nr zam. 1252/2015 ISBN 978-83-87881-36-8 978-83-61376-50-7 Publikacja poświęcona pamięci Profesora Jerzego Okulicza-Kozaryna SPIS TREŚCI S. WADYL, M. KARCZEWSKI, M. HOFFMANN Zamiast wstępu / 9 Projekt Szurpiły. Inicjatywa prof. Jerzego Okulicza-Kozaryna i jej konsekwencje badawcze A. BITNER-WRÓBLEWSKA Projekt Szurpiły. Inicjatywa prof. Jerzego Okulicza-Kozaryna i jej konsekwencje badawcze / 13 M. ENGEL Jaćwieskie ośrodki grodowe w IX–XIII wieku. Geneza, rozwój i upadek / 19 G. IWANOWSKA Grodzisko w Jeglińcu w świetle nowych badań / 29 C. SOBCZAK Lotnicze skanowanie laserowe wybranych obszarów Suwalszczyzny i jego weryfikacja terenowa / 39 P. WRONIECKI Rzecz o interpretacji wyników badań geofizycznych. Szurpiły, st. 8 „Mosiężysko” / 57 W. WRÓBLEWSKI, L. JOŃCZYK, A. TRONCIK O metodyce używania wykrywaczy metali we współczesnej praktyce archeologicznej. Przykład badań jaćwieskiego ko- pleksu osadniczego w Szurpiłach k/Suwałk / 67 Od epoki kamienia po okres przedrzymski E.
    [Show full text]
  • Ivan Dudin Alexander Shebesta
    Anthropogenic transformation of the ecosystem This article examines the current state of Ivan Dudin the groundwater system monitoring in the Nov- Alexander Shebesta gorod region. The groundwater monitoring observations serve as the basis for prediction assessment of water resources. The efficiency of THE GROUNDWATER water resource management largely depends on MONITORING the comprehensiveness and reliability of infor- mation on the groundwater condition. IN THE NOVGOROD REGION The existing groundwater monitoring sys- IN THE SYSTEM tem has proven to be incapable of fully imple- menting its functions. It requires a fundamental OF REGIONAL NATURE reorganization and further development at the MANAGEMENT contemporary scientific and technical level, since groundwater resource management is impossible without a quantitative forecast of groundwater condition and properties. From the perspective of rational Nature management, the leading ecological function of underground hydrosphere is carried out by fresh underground waters. Rational Nature manage- ment underlies the sustainable development of the Northwest region, which is economically viable for the European territory of the country. Key words: groundwater monitoring, aquifer system, water resources, nature management, sustainable development. Within the nature management structure of the North-western region of the Russian Federation, water resource management is of special importance. Water resource management should be performed in the framework of the adopted Concept of transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development of 1996, the federal law on environmental protection of 2002, the Water code of the Russian Federation of 2006, and the subsoils law and it should be of targeted nature giving priority to utility and drinking water supply. Groundwater, being a part of both water resources and subsoils, is a val- uable deposit, the use of which is increasing every year in the socioeconomic sphere, mainly, within drinking and utility water supply.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade
    Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 18 January 2017 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PRUSSIAN CRUSADE The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade explores the archaeology and material culture of the Crusade against the Prussian tribes in the thirteenth century, and the subsequent society created by the Teutonic Order that lasted into the six- teenth century. It provides the first synthesis of the material culture of a unique crusading society created in the south-eastern Baltic region over the course of the thirteenth century. It encompasses the full range of archaeological data, from standing buildings through to artefacts and ecofacts, integrated with writ- ten and artistic sources. The work is sub-divided into broadly chronological themes, beginning with a historical outline, exploring the settlements, castles, towns and landscapes of the Teutonic Order’s theocratic state and concluding with the role of the reconstructed and ruined monuments of medieval Prussia in the modern world in the context of modern Polish culture. This is the first work on the archaeology of medieval Prussia in any lan- guage, and is intended as a comprehensive introduction to a period and area of growing interest. This book represents an important contribution to promot- ing international awareness of the cultural heritage of the Baltic region, which has been rapidly increasing over the last few decades. Aleksander Pluskowski is a lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at the University of Reading. Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00
    [Show full text]
  • The City's Memory: Texts of Preservation and Loss in Imperial St. Petersburg Julie Buckler, Harvard University Petersburg's Im
    The City’s Memory: Texts of Preservation and Loss in Imperial St. Petersburg Julie Buckler, Harvard University Petersburg's imperial-era chroniclers have displayed a persistent, paradoxical obsession with this very young city's history and memory. Count Francesco Algarotti was among the first to exhibit this curious conflation of old and new, although he seems to have been influenced by sentiments generally in the air during the early eighteenth century. Algarotti attributed the dilapidated state of the grand palaces along the banks of the Neva to the haste with which these residences had been constructed by members of the court whom Peter the Great had obliged to move from Moscow to the new capital: [I]t is easy to see that [the palaces] were built out of obedience rather than choice. Their walls are all cracked, quite out of perpendicular, and ready to fall. It has been wittily enough said, that ruins make themselves in other places, but that they were built at Petersburg. Accordingly, it is necessary every moment, in this new capital, to repair the foundations of the buildings, and its inhabitants built incessantly; as well for this reason, as on account of the instability of the ground and of the bad quality of the materials.1 In a similar vein, William Kinglake, who visited Petersburg in the mid-1840s, scornfully advised travelers to admire the city by moonlight, so as to avoid seeing, “with too critical an eye, plaster scaling from the white-washed walls, and frost-cracks rending the painted 1Francesco Algarotti, “Letters from Count Algarotti to Lord Hervey and the Marquis Scipio Maffei,” Letter IV, June 30, 1739.
    [Show full text]
  • The German 290Th Infantry Division at Demyansk by Henning Nagel and Vance Von Borries
    The German 290th Infantry Division at Demyansk By Henning Nagel and Vance von Borries During September 1941 the summer advance into the Soviet Union by German Army Group North had largely ended. In the north, units of the Army Group’s 18th Army laid siege to Leningrad while to the east and south they stood against Soviet efforts to relieve the great siege. To the south, 16th Army entered the Valday Hills region, taking Demyansk on September 8th thereby securing Army Group North’s southern flank and establishing a link with its neighbor, Army Group Center. By the end of November the 16th Army conducted little more than local actions and the campaign in the area settled in to static warfare. The main German effort had shifted south to Army Group Center in front of Moscow. Yet, as Army Group Center began to close around Moscow, it too lost momentum and shifted to the defensive. Then the Soviets struck. What began as a limited counter-offensive against Army Group Center in December grew by January 1942 into a general strategic offensive that threatened to expel the Germans from much of the Soviet Union. Practically all German divisions in Russia were caught up in the winter campaign and at times each would find itself thrown back on its own resources. Little else would be available. In the Demyansk/Valday area all German divisions worked together and each played an important role, sometimes critical, in withstanding the Soviet tide. The story of the 290th illustrates how these divisions held together. The 290th Infantry Division (ID), part of 16th Army’s X.Army Corps in the Valday region, had been formed in March and April 1940 in the Munsterlager Troop Maneuver Area from newly trained north German personnel.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 GOLDEN RING TOUR – PART 3 Golden Gate, Vladimir
    GOLDEN RING TOUR – PART 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate,_Vladimir Golden Gate, Vladimir The Golden Gate of Vladimir (Russian: Zolotye Vorota, Золотые ворота), constructed between 1158 and 1164, is the only (albeit partially) preserved ancient Russian city gate. A museum inside focuses on the history of the Mongol invasion of Russia in the 13th century. 1 Inside the museum. 2 Side view of the Golden Gate of Vladimir. The Trinity Church Vladimir II Monomakh Monument, founder http://ermakvagus.com/Europe/Russia/Vladimir/trinity_church_vladimir.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_II_Monomakh 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Vladimir The Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir (sometimes translated Assumption Cathedral) (Russian: Собор Успения Пресвятой Богородицы, Sobor Uspeniya Presvyatoy Bogoroditsy) was a mother church of Medieval Russia in the 13th and 14th centuries. It is part of a World Heritage Site, the White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal. https://rusmania.com/central/vladimir-region/vladimir/sights/around-sobornaya- ploschad/andrey-rublev-monument Andrey Rublev monument 4 5 Cathedral of Saint Demetrius in Vladimir https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Demetrius 6 7 Building of the Gubernia’s Administration museum (constructed in 1785-1790). Since 1990s it is museum. January 28, 2010 in Vladimir, Russia. Interior of old nobility Palace (XIX century) 8 Private street vendors 9 Water tower https://www.advantour.com/russia/vladimir/water-tower.htm 10 Savior Transfiguration church https://www.tourism33.ru/en/guide/places/vladimir/spasskii-i-nikolskiy-hramy/ Cities of the Golden Ring 11 Nikolo-Kremlevskaya (St. Nicholas the Kremlin) Church, 18th century. https://www.tourism33.ru/en/guide/places/vladimir/nikolo-kremlevskaya-tcerkov/ Prince Alexander Nevsky (Невский) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky 12 Just outside of Suzdal is the village of Kideksha which is famous for its Ss Boris and Gleb Church which is one of the oldest white stone churches in Russia, dating from 1152.
    [Show full text]