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8670 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 4, 1978 propriations and for other purposes; to the By Mr. BRADEMAS: MEMORIALS Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ H.J. Res. 820. Joint resolution to authorize merce. and request the President to issue a procla­ Under clause 4 of rule XXII, By Mr. ROONEY: mation designating May 18, 1978, as "Museum 358. The SPEAKER presented a memorial H.R. 11871. A bill to amend the Hazardous Day"; to the Committee on Post Office and of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Mas­ Materials Transportation Act to authorize Civil Service. sachusetts, relative to the prevention of appropriations for fiscal year 1979; jointly to By Mr. EILBERG (for himself, Mr. Nazism in America; jointly, to the Commit­ the Committees on Interstate ancl Foreign ERTEL, Mr. FLOOD, Mr. GAYDOS, Mr. tee on the Judiciary, and International Commerce, and Public Works and Transpor­ LEDERZR, Mr. MOORHEAD Of Pennsyl­ Relations. tation. vania, Mr. MuRPHY of Pennsylvania, By Mr. ROONEY (by request): Mr. MURTHA, Mr. MICHAEL 0 . MYERS, H.R. 11872. A bill to amend the Hazardous Mr. NIX, and Mr. YATRON): PETITIONS, ETC. Materials Transportation Act to authorize ap­ H.J. Res. 821. Joint resolution to authorize Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions propriations for fiscal years 1979 and 1980; and request the President to issue a procla­ jointly, to the Committees on Interstate and mation designating April 18, 1978, as "Educa­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Foreign Commerce, and Public Works and tion Day, U.S.A."; to the Committee on Post and referred as follows: Transportation. Office and Civil Service. 436. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the By Mr. SCHULZE (for himself, Mr. By Mr. NOWAK: Western States Land Commissioners Asso­ ARMSTRONG, Mr. BALDUS, Mr. BAUCUS, H .J. Res. 822. Joint resolution to authorize ciation, relative to relationships between the Mr. BROYHILL, Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN, and request the President to issue a procla­ States, and certain treaty tribes of Native Mr. ENGLISH, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. GRASS­ mation designating April 18, 1978, as "Edu­ Americans; to the Committee on Interior LEY, Mr. KEMP, Mr. LoTT, Mr. Rous­ cation Day, U.S.A."; to the Committee on and Insular Affairs. SELOT, Mr. STANGELAND, and Mr. Post Office and Civil Service. 437. Also, petition of the council of the WINN): By Mr. RHODES: city of New York, N.Y., relative to banning H.R. 11873. A bill to amend the Internal H.J. Res. 823. Joint resolution proposing the sale of fighter planes to Egypt and Revenue Code of 1954 to provide tax relief to an amendment to the Constitution of the Saudi Arabia; to the Committee on Inter­ small businesses; to the Committee on Ways United States for the protection of unborn national Relations. and Means. children and other persons; to the Commit­ By Mr. SYMMS: tee on the Judiciary. H.R. 11874. A bill to provide for the issu­ By Mr. VENTO (for himself, Mr. AMENDMENTS ance of gold medallions, and for other pur­ FRASER, Mr. 0BERSTAR, Mr. FRENZEL, poses; to the Committee on Banking, Finance Mr. QUIE, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. HAGEDORN, Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro­ and Urban Affairs. Mr. AUCOIN, Ms. MIKULSKI, and Mr. posed amendments were submitted as LEVITAS): . follows: By Mr. THORNTON (for himself, Mr. H.J. Res. 824. Joint resolution to authorize JONES of North Carolina, Mr. HANSEN, H.R. 7700 and request the President to issue a proc­ By Mr. GONZALEZ: Mr. LoTT, Mr. THOMPSON, Mr. JEN­ lamation designating April 18, 1978, as RETTE, Mr. MONTGOMERY, Mr. COCH­ On page 6, immediately after line 7, add "Education Day, U.S.A."; to the Committee the following new subsection: RAN of Mississippi, Mr. McKAY, and on Post Office and Civil Service. Mr. TUCKER) : By Mr. CORNWELL (for himself, Mr. (f) (1) subchapter V of chapter 36 of title H.R. 11875. A bill to provide price and 39, United States Code, as enacted by the BONIOR, Mr. BRADEMAS, Mr. COUGH­ 1 income protection for agricultural producers LIN, Mr. FRENZEL, Mr. GAMMAGE, Mr. Posta Reorganization Act, is amended by by assuring such producers a price for their NOLAN, and Mr. YATRON) : adding at the end thereof the :following new agricultural commodities of not less than the H. Res. 1109. Resolution expressing the section: cost of producing such commodities; to as­ sense of the House of Representatives with "3686. One cent postage rate for postal and sure consumers an adequate supply of food respect to the killing of some 1,000 dolphins post cards or modernized equiv­ and fiber at reasonable prices; and for other by Japanese fishermen in February 1978, and alent thereof. purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture. encouraging the Government of Japan to "Notwithstanding any provision of this By Mr. ZABLOCKI (by request): reassess its policy in permitting such killing; title or of any other law, the rate of postage H.R. 11876. A bill to amend the Foreign to the Committee on International Relations. of each single modernized postal card and Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export By Mr. OTTINGER (for himself, Mr. for each portion o:f a double modernized Control Act, and for other purposes; to the SEmERLING, Mr. BEDELL, Mr. BING­ postal card, including the cost o:f manu­ Committee on International Relations. HAM, Mr. BONIOR, Mr. CONYERS, Mr. facture, and for each modernized post card By Mr. AKAKA (for himself, Mr. DELLUMS, Mr. DRINAN, Mr. EDWARDS and the initial portion of each modernized KINDNESS, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. MITCHELL of California, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. GAR­ double post card is 1 cent until otherwise of Maryland, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. LA­ CIA, Ms. HoLTZMAN, Mr. !cHORD, Ms. provided by law. For the purposes of the FALCE, Mrs. CHISHOLM, Mrs. COLLINS KEYS, Mr. McHUGH, Mrs. MEYNER, preceding sentence a modernized postal card of Illinois, Mr. RAHALL, Mr. HUGHES, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr. is a card supplied by the Postal Service with Mr. WEISS, Mr. MURPHY of Pennsyl­ RANGEL, Mr. RICHMOND, Mr. SIMON, a postage stamp printed or impressed on it vania, Mr. BRODHEAD, Mr. EDWARDS of Mr. VENTO, Mr. WEISS, and Mr. for the transmission of messages, orders, no­ California, Ms. MIKULSKI, Ms. HoLTz­ WoLFF): tices and other communications, either MAN, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. STOKES, Mr. H. Res. 1110. Resolution urging the ban­ printed or written in pencil or ink or the LEDERER, and Mr. FRENZEL): ning of the use of nuclear materials in space modernized equivalent thereof.". H.J. Res. 819. Joint resolution requiring vehicles; to the Committee on International (2) The table o:f sections of subchapter improvement and expansion in the collec­ Relations. V of chapter 36 of title 39, United States tion, analysis, and publication of statistical By Mr. STGERMAIN (for himself and Code, as enacted by the Postal Reorgani­ data relating to women in the professional, Mr. BAUCUS) : zation Act, is amended by adding at the technical, and managerial occupations, and H. Res. 1111. Resolution expressing the end thereof the following new item: for other purposes; jointly to the Commit­ sense of the House with respect to a reorga­ "3686. One cent postage rate for postal and tees on Education and Labor, and Post Office nization of the Internal Revenue Service; to post cards or modernized equiv­ and Civil Service. the Committee on Ways and Means. alent thereof.".

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS "DECLARATION OF INTERDEPEND­ the Hillel Jewish Student Center Rnd cooperative station to which the laws of ENCE'' BY UNIVERSITY OF CIN­ the United Christian Ministries on the nature and o:f Nature's God entitle them, a CINNATI RELIGIOUS ORGANIZA­ Campus of the University of Cincinnati, decent respect to the opinions o:f mankind TIONS requires that they should declare the causes on the occasion of Brotherhood Week, on which impel them to this action. Monday, February 20, 1978: We hold these truths to be self-evident: A DECLARATION OF INTERDEPENDENCE that all humans-regardless of color, race HON. THOMAS A. LUKEN When in the course of human events it or sex-are born with the desire to live, OF OHIO becomes necessary for one people to dissolve with the assurance of the basic necessities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the political, economic and cultural distinc­ of life. but beyond that, realizing we neither Tuesday, April 4, 1978 tions that separate it from another and grow in personal consciousness or apprecia­ assume among those who define themselves tion for our fellow humans if we allow the e Mr. LUKEN. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ in broader terms than race, national origin, restrictions of tribe, nationality, race, color, ing declaration was presented to me by religion or creed, the interdependent and religion or creed to impede our goal.

Statements or insertions which are not spok~n by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • April 4, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8671 And our goal is this: that the boundaries Gazette in Northampton for several years introduced on February 17, 1971, and that separate us be dissolved, that these before joining the Springfield Daily News similar bills were cOsponsored by 71 boundaries, whether they be political sys­ staff 34 years ago. After serving as re­ Members of Congress. tems or narrow ideologies, be replaced by one process-Commu;nication, through which porter and copy editor, he became assist­ The reason o1Iered by the Postal Ad­ we may grow toward the attainment of uni­ ant managing editor in 1950 and suc­ ministration in those years for ­ versal peace, happiness and freedom. ceeded Frank H. Kelly as editor in 1966, action was that the policy of the Postal We look to the stronger among us to the fifth editor in the 98-year history of Service would not permit the issuance enable the weaker to gain strength, and the the Daily News. of a commemorative stamp honoring an weak and strong alike to realize that power He i~ a past president of the New individual until that individual had been lies not in economic superiority, political England Society of Newspaper Editors, dead for 10 years. astuteness or military might; rather in the and the winner of several editorial April 4, 1978, marks the lOth anni­ essential goodness of each human person in all their diversity, and the inherent unity awards, including the Grenville -Clark versary of Dr. King's death. that goodness calls us to. National Award in 1962, and the Allan B. There is no longer any reason, policy We, therefore, representatives of a very Rogers Memorial Award for best edi­ or otherwise, to delay the issuance of a small section of humankind, but important torials in New England in 1970. commemorative stamp honoring a man members thereof, assembled at this circus in Mr. Speaker, the Freedman Post Out­ who has done so much to benefit his recognition of the weakness of our brother1 standine Citizen Award of 1978 will be fellow Americans. sisterhood, do hereby as our first official act formally presented to Dick Garvey on Martin Luther King, Jr., not only in recognition of our membership in the April 30. It will be one more in a long freed black Americans from the burdens greater world community, affix our names list of honors and awards he has received of legal discrimination, but he also as a sign of our commitment to the estab­ lishment of a community of persons and over the years, including: freed white Americans from a mythical mutually pledge to each other, and to the Honorary Doctorate of Humane Let­ duty to discriminate against their black world of humankind, our time and energy, ters from the University of Massachu­ neighbors. President Carter has often our hearts and minds. setts. stated that Dr. Martin Luther King freed The prestigious William Pynchon whites and blacks together and made Mr. Speaker, in the light of this symbol Award given by the Advertising Club of national progress possible. Without Dr. of unity among the various religious or­ Springfield. King's great work, the United States of ganizations on the University of Cin­ American National Theater and Acad­ America would be chained to a future cinnati campus, I think we can see the emy's Rose Kamberg Award. involving total racial animosity. importance and beneficial results of Springfield Elks Club's Newspaperman We are closer to one society in the learning to live and work together !n of the Year Award. appreciation of some of the differences United States rather than two because Silver Beaver Boy Scout Award for of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. His life which exist among people. Only when service to boyhood, given by the Pioneer such differences are acknowledged and and work resulted in the passage of three Valley Council and the National Court civil rights bills. His life brought within dealt with creatively can we hope to of Honor. overcome the misunderstandings which equality for all Americans. St. George Boy Scout Emblem, given The United States of America is more often occur among the various groups by the Roman Catholic Diocese of who live in the United States.• of a democracy; it is a bigger country Springfield. and a better Nation because Martin Mr. Garvey is chairman of the board Luther King, Jr., lived and died in RICHARD C. GARVEY, EDITOR OF of trustees of Springfield College, and a America. THE SPRINGFIELD, MASS., DAILY trustee of Mercy Hospital in Springfield, Our Lady of Providence Children's Cen­ It is for the benefit of all Americans NEWS, SELECTED FOR 1978 OUT­ that we honor great men and the time to STANDING CITIZEN AWARD BY ter, and the Springfield Institution for Savings. He is also a director of Pioneer honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., is GREATER SPRINGFIELD FREED­ now.~ MAN POST NO. 26, JEWISH WAR Valley Chapter of the American National VETERANS OF THE U.S.A. Red Cross, the Springfield Area Develop­ ment Corp., the Springfield Adult Edu­ cation Cou!lcil, the Springfield Boys Club, USABLE FORMS OF ATOMIC POWER HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND and the Edward Bellamy Memorial As­ PLANT BYPRODUCTS OF MASSACHUSETTS sociation, named after the cofounder of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Springfield Daily News. HON. BOB WILSON Tuesday, April 4, 1978 He has served as president of the Com­ OF CALIFORNIA munity Council of Greater Springfield, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, an emi­ as general campaign chairman of the nent Massachusetts journalist, Richard Pioneer Valley United Way, and is a Tuesday, April 4, 1978 C. Garvey, editor of the Springfield Daily member of the Springfield Rotary Club.e e Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, in News, has been selected by the Greater an age when we are trying to conserve Springfield Freedman Post, No. 26, Jew­ all forms of energy and make the best ish War Veterans of the U.S.A. for its A BILL REQUffiiNG THE ISSUANCE use of what we have got, nuclear power 1978 Outstanding Citizen Award. OF A COMMEMORA~ STAMP plant byproducts too should not be Mr. Garvey is a distinguished commu­ HONORING DR. MART~ LUTHER wasted. nity leader who has contributed fre­ KING, JR., ON THE lOTH ANNI­ quently and unselfishly of his time and VERSARY OF HIS DEATH Rather than merely getting rid of it, talents over the years to countless civic we should think in terms of reprocessing projects for the betterment of the people the waste-breaking it down into its most of Greater Springfield. He is the 29th in­ HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX usable forms. And such nuclear power­ dividual to receive an award, given an­ OF PENNSYLVANIA plant waste is usable with the following nually to a person who has enriched the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES benefits, delineated in a recent article, by George P. Dix, of the Department of life of his community by devotion above Tuesday, April 4, 1978 and beyond the call of duty. Energy illustrate. I want to take this opportunity to con­ • Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, it is high time The article follows: gratulate Dick Garvey on being chosen that we honored Dr. Martin Luther King, ATOMIC POWERPLANT BYPRODUCTS for this award. Respected and unpreten­ Jr., who died 10 years ago, on April 4, I. FOOD ffiRADIATION tious, he is a perceptive and scholarly 1968, by an assassin's bullet. He was just Food irradiation can eliminate food-spoil­ individual who is unsurpassed in his 39 years old. age organisms, retard spoilage, inactivate knowledge of western Massachusetts his­ On May l, 1968, I introduced H.R. disease causing organisms, destroy insects tory. I cherish the warm friendship we 16937, a bill providing for a commemora­ and parasites, and disinfest grains and fruits, tive stamp honoring the life and work and delay post-harvest ripening of fruits and have enjoyed over the years. vegetables. Irradiation is also effective in Dick Garvey has devoted a lifetime to of Dr. King. sterilizing male pests and reducing pre- and newspaper reporting and editing. He was In April 1968, and in February 1971, I post-harvest losses by reducing pest popula­ on the staff of the Daily Hampshire introduced similar bills. H.R. 4385 was tions. CXXIV--546---Part 7 8672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 4, 1978 Almost half of the food produced today is cost, and enrichment in the Kr-85 isotope. seven years after the U.S. lunar landings. It lost to pests, despite the fact that wcrld pes­ Currently, it costs $25 per curie in the un­ is responsible for our successful scientific ticide use will reach a record of 1.9 billion enriched form which is unsuitable for high exploration of Mars and is currently power­ kilograms this year ( 453.6 grams or a pound intensity lighting applications. Krypton ing two Mars Landers. On the Pioneer 11 and of pesticide for every man, woman, and child enriched from 12 to 36% in the Kryp.ton-85 12 flights it gave us our first d·a.ta and pic­ on earth). Post-harvest world food losses are isotope is sought. tures from the planet Jupiter. After leaving running at about half of the above level. One Presently, krypton is enriched in Kr-85 by Jupiter, Pioneer 11 wm be the first man­ estimate of seed food losses was 30 million a thermal diffusion process. Many days are made object to leave our solar system. Pio­ tons per year equivalent to the production required to produce 1 liter of 45% enriched neer 12 is currently targeted for a 1979 ar­ of about 50,000 square kilometers of farm material at a cost 4 times that of the 4% rival at Saturn. Future Plutonium-238 pow­ land. The scarcity of foods, the cost of fer­ mixture from a nuclear fuel reprocessing ered missions such as Voyager I and II to tilizers to produce them, the large energy re­ plant. However, as reprocessing plants go be launched in 1977 w111 yield further data quired to treat and store them (thermal on stream and large quantities of Kr-85 on S3.turn, wm reveal the nature of Uranus, treatment, refrigeration, etc.) and the de­ become available, other and more cost-effec­ and wlll give us a superior m111tary capa­ pendence on chemical additives and toxic tive methods of Kr-85 enrichment can be b111ty in inner space. pesticides to preserve and disinfest them has used, such as plasma centrifuges or laser Neptunium-237-By 1990 the wastes wlll created a resurging interest in food irradia­ separation devices. It may be possible, with contain about 36 m1111on grams of Nep­ tion, as a potentially effective and energy these new separation devices to produce 70- tunium-237. It is used to make Plutonium- saving technology for preserving foodstuffs. 90% Kr-85 for $1 or less per curie. 238 by neutron capture and is currently One of the past problems with implement­ A reflecting surface is used in order to worth about $100 per gram. ing food irradiation has been international minimize gamma radiation emission from Americium-241. Americium-241 is current­ SLDProval for consumption of irradiated the light. A practical light application would ly in short supply worldwide; it is used in foods. In September, 1976, a committee con­ require from 4 to 60 curies of Krypton-85. A logging oil wells. It is also used in smoke de­ sisting of the World Health Organization, typical nuclear fuel reprocessing plant might tectors and for various gauging and metering Food and Agriculture Organization, and In­ produce 50,000 curies per day ( 16 million devices. By 1990 the nuclear wastes will con­ ternational Atomic Energy Agency evaluated curies per year) and the cumulative U.S. tain about 6,500,000 grams of Americium- experimental evidence and recognized five production from now until 2000 could be 241. Its current price is $210 per gram. irradiated foods (potatoes, wheat, chicken, 1,000,000,000 curies, accounting for lo~ses Curium-244-Curium-244 has a half-life of papaya, and strawberries) as unconditionally from radioactive decay. Assuming 10-2 curies 18 years and its alpha decay produces 2.84 2 safe for human consumption and three ir­ would produce a brightness of 3.4 cd/m ( 1 thermal watts per gram. By 1990 the wastes radiated foods (rice, fish, and onions) were foot-lambert), the Kr-85 inventory repre­ will contain about 2,000,000 grams of Cu­ given provisional approval. This has fostered sents a formidable amount of light consider­ rium-244 or about 5.6 thermal meaawatts for worldwide interest in implementing food ir­ ing that a page of fine print can be read special purpose therm-al and electrical energy radiation. In the U.S., Brynjolfsson and his with a brightness of 34 cd/m2 (10 footlam­ applications. co-workers at the U.S. Army Natick Devel­ berts). IV. RADIOSTRONTIUM APPLICATIONS opment Center have intensified their efforts Aside from lighting, Krypton-85 has been Radiostrontium is currently being ex­ on meat and poultry. To date there have used widely in fluid flow, gauging, leak de­ been no indications that irradiation w111 af­ tracted and encapsulated from ERDA wastes tection, non-destructive testing and has at Hanford. Each capsule produces one ther­ fect the wholesomeness of beef, which, when demonstrated applications in medicine and irradiated and packaged can be stored for mal kilowatt init.la11y and at the end of 28.6 polymerization. One of its co-products, in years five hundred thermal wattS. By the years. fuel reprocessing from cryogenic separation, Heretofore food irradiation has been per­ year 2000 the waste radiostrontium inventory is xenon which has medical and electronic will be equivalent to about 67 thermal mega­ formed with Cobalt-60, an artificially pro­ applications. duced isotope. The advent of large quanti­ watts which in one half-life will produce ties of radiocesium from the nuclear wastes m. TRANSURANIUM BY-PRODUCI'S 12,500,000 megawatt-hours of thermal ener­ may have a large positive impact on the Plutonium-238-Among the transuraniwn gy (Table II). economics and scale of food irradiation. by-products in the wastes, Plutonium-238 is Perhaps the most recent development in . It 1s predicted that food irradiation will perhaps the best example of a strategic ma­ this area is the intention of the FAA to re­ be utilized in the next decade in a massive terial. It has a 90 year half-life and produces place a fossil fueled power system at their way to contribute to making foodstuffs about one-half thermal watt per gram from Lake Clark Pass, Alaska, unmanned naviga­ disease-free, extend storage times, reduce alpha decay, which is self-absorbed to pro­ tion station with strontium-fueled radioiso­ food losses, and make protein available to duce heat. Table I shows a.n inventory of tope thermoelectric generators. The new curb hunger and malnutrition in the de­ 850,000 grams of Plutonium-238 in the power system is expected to be much more veloping nations. wastes by 1990 and Table II shows an in­ reliable and wm eliminate the logistics costs and hazards of bringing in propane tanks n. LIGHTING ventory of 1 thermal megawatt by the turn of the century, excluding the contribution by helicopter. Krypton-85 is a noble gas, having a 10.7 from artificially produced Pu-238 from About 40 U.S. strontium fueled thermo­ year half-life, which emits beta particles neptunium or americium. Because of its low electric generators have been put into oper­ (electrons) from 99.6% of its disintegrations penetrating radiation, its long half-life, and ation and have accumulated about 2,000,000 and some gamma rays. In a nuclear fuel high power density, it is an ideal fuel for operating hours. Generators are currently reprocessing plant rediokrypton is released in special purpose power supplies which con­ produced commercially by Teledyne Energy the sheering and dissolution of spent nu­ vert its thermal energy to electrical energy Systems. These are ideal for remote land or clear fuel. Systems for separating krypton gas by thermoelectric or thermomechanical con­ undersea power supplies and their proven in use or being developed are 99% efficient. verters. It is ideal for space power systems reliablllty surpasses any other remote power The recovered krypton gas has a nominal and remote terrestrial oower systems, has source. An outstanding example of these composition of 50% Kr-86, 4% Kr-85, 30% widespread use in heart- pacers, and is the power sources is a U.S. Navy oceanographic Kr-84, 14% Kr-83; and traces of Kr-78 and candidate for powering the artificial he::u-t data acquisition system on Fairway Rock in 80. There is one part per million of elemen­ under development by the National Heart the Bering Straits which has derived its tal krypton in the air that we breathe. In a power from a strontium fueled thermoelec­ continuing nuclear energy scenario a large and Lung Institute which has sponsored the tric generator for nine years, completely un­ development of artificial heart.~ using nuclear inventory of Kr-85 will be accumulated­ attended. Overseas primary marine naviga­ about 200 kilograms in the U.S. and about power sources for a decade along with ERDA. tion aids, such as unmanned lighthouses, are four times that worldwide or 1000 kilograms The scope of the later would be 12,000- powered with radiostrontium in the U.K., by the end 2000. 32,000 units per year for potential ca11didates Sweden, Denmark, and U.S.S.R. Beta irradiation from Kr-85 of a phosphor, for heart replacement who are destined to Current applications studies for radio­ such as zinc sulfide, causes visible light. die imminently from terminal heart disease. strontium include the possible use of ERDA However, such a light requires no electrical If one assumes that implantation of an arti­ capsules to provide heat to run thermo­ input; it runs on its own electrons. Such ficial heart would eliminate ma1or disabllity, mechanical engines to provide two electrical lights are .more reliable and long-lived than another large group of patients. perhaps as kllowatts to power unmanned solid state any conventional light source, and if broken many as 100,000 to 150.000, would be poten­ radar stations, as a partial replacement to or otherwise disrupted w111 not create sparks tial candidates for an artificial heart or a the Distant Early Warning Line which has or other spurious sources of electricity. partial mechanical heart. logistics, fuel and manpower costs of about Hence, they have widespread applications Approximately 30 thermal kilowats of $40,000,000 per year. The current thermoelec­ where reliable lights are required (e.g., air­ Plutonium-238 have been launched into tric generators have a thermal to electrical ports, railroads, hospitals, emergency facili­ soace in electrical power sources on a variety efficiency of about 5 percent, whereas the ties) or where dangerous sources of electric­ of military and space ml"'sions. It proviries thermomechanlcal systems would have an ity could detonate explosive products (e.g., for a ru,zf?ed. lon~-llved , power source with efficiency of 25 to 30 percent. Other studies coal mine gas, high explosives, natural gas, a high rellablllty. It bas been used M a include space heaters, sanitary system heat­ liquid natural gas, etc.). power source on Navy navie:ation, Air Force ers, and navigation aids in the Arctic in ap­ Although the krypton beta light was dem­ communciation, and weather satellites. Jt pllcations where high rellab111ty is sought onstrated almost two decades ago, the bar­ powered five stations on the lunar surface and where conventional fuels cost as much rier to its deployment has been availab111ty, that transmitted data to earth for up to as $2.50 per gallon. April 4, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8673

V. SANITARY ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURAL sources and our artificially created nuclear thanks for his service to his country and APPLICATIONS resources. Conservation, recycle, and utiliza­ the American Legion.• Ionizing radiation such as that produced tion of our existing resources are inevitable, by Cesium-137 or Cobalt-60 can effectively although marginally economic or exigellt to­ destroy pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, day. In the case of the latter, any additional parasites) in municipal sewage sludge. Al­ nationally-independent strategic resources TRIBUTE TO CHARLES R. KRAMER though this has been studied in the labora­ that the U.S. does not possess by natural tory for 20 years, in 1975, a full scale Cobalt- endowment can only be created by fission, 60 irradiation plant was put into production neutron capture, fusion, or other nuclear HON. GUS YATRON processes.e in Munich, Germany with a throughput of OF PENNSYLVANIA 120 m a day with the product being used successfully as fert111zer and soil conditioner IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (nitrogen, . phosphorous) in the plant WHITE OAK LEGION FETES Tuesday, April 4, 1978 environs. NATIONAL COMMANDER ERDA, EPA, and the Department of Agri­ e Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, I would culture are performing pilot studies for U.S. like to take a moment to pay tribute to sludge irradiation fac111ties , H. D. Sivinski, HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS a man who I am proud to represent in his co-workers at the Sandia Laboratories, OF PENNSYLVANIA the Congress, Mr. Charles R. Kramer .. and others have observed other favorable IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Kramer, a guidance counselor m radiation induced phenomena, including en­ the Oley Valley School District in hancement of settling rate, odor reduction, Tuesday, April 4, 1978 Pennsylvania for the last 26 years, has and the synergistic effects of heat and radia­ • Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, later this tion in reducing pathogens. been named counselor of the year by the month the omcers and members of Gen. Pennsylvania School Counselors Asso­ About five million equivalent dry tonnes Smedley D. Butler Post 701 , American of municipal sludge are being produced each cation and the Pennsylvania Association year in the U.S. and the new requirement Legion, will honor their national com­ of Private School Administrators. for secondary treatment is expected to in­ mander at a testimonial dinner in White As I have always believed that efforts crease this by about 80 percent. Alternatives Oak, Pa. to better educate our young are an in­ for national municipal sludge disposal proc­ Robert C. Smith, national commander vestment in the future of our Nation, it esses are limited and include ocean disposal of the American Legion, will be publicly is with great pleasure that I congratulate (15 percent) , incineration (35 percent), land­ recognized for his 31 years of service Charles Kramer, whose efforts are so fill (25 percent), and land application (25 on behalf of those who have worn the typical of the long history of dedicated percent). Ocean disposal has caused signifi­ uniform of their country in time of need. cant problems and will be phased out, hope­ educators in Berks County. In fact, an­ fully by 1981. In 1973 New York City was It will be recognition richly deserved. other constituent of mine, and long-time dumping about 4,000,000 wet tonnes of A veteran of World War II, Com­ friend, Mr. Dennis E. Fiant of the Ham­ sludge at sea with serious environmental mander Smith is a member of Banks­ burg Area School District, has served as consequences. Incineration is energy inten­ Strong Post 166 in Springhill, La., where president of the Pennsylvania School sive and causes air pollution. Landfill opera­ he served as post and State Legion com­ Counselors Association, which presented tions are transportation intensive and the mander before his election to the na­ this award to Mr. Kramer. sludge can eventually reach water supplies. tional office. He also has been a member Land applications for agricultural purposes There is no question that Charles are desired but require strict pathogen of the National Executive Committee, a Kramer was an excellent choice to re­ control. policy-making body of the Legion or­ ceive the Ben Franklin Award, an en­ The above conventional methods all in­ ganization; the National Americanism graved pewter bowl. During his years of volve sunk dead-end costs varying from $25 Commission, and the American Legion dedicated service, Mr. Kramer has per tonne (ocean dumping) to greater than Endowment Fund Corporation. teamed with Anthony Fredicine, an­ $70 per tonne (landfill). The thermoradia­ In addition to his Legion work, Com­ other counselor in the Oley district, to tion process costs about $35/ tonne and pro­ mander Smith is active in civic service. establish a student tutoring program. He duces a fert111zer product worth about $25/ He has been the president of the Spring­ has also been active in setting up career tonne or potentially a feed product for cattle hill Chamber of Commerce; chairman of day programs and has developed a sys­ and sheep worth about $100/ tonne. Com­ his community's welfare board; presi­ posted irradiated sludge processing is esti­ tem to select students for vocational mated to cost about $50/tonne and has a dent of Louisiana Tech's Alumni Associ­ technical training. Mr. Kramer haJ co­ potential product value of $65/tonne. Thus, ation; chairman of the United Givers authored articles published in "The there is the potential for using waste Ce­ Fund, and an active member of the School Counselor" and "Pennsylvania sium-137 to convert the fiscal and pathogenic Louisiana Manufacturers Association. School Counselor" and served as co­ liability of municipal sludge to a vital agri­ He has been named "Young Man of chairman of the exhibits at the coun­ cultural asset. At the same time a new and the Year" by the Springhill Jaycees, selors association conference. effective method has been developed to re­ "Layman of the Year" by the Ruston He also has served as treasurer of the duce pathogens, public health and environ­ mental risks which appears superior to the District of the United Methodist Church Berks Area Counselors Association for various conventional methods now being and, in 1973, was awarded the Silver the last 10 years. He has distinguished used today. Beaver by Norwela Council, Boy Scouts himself by his efforts to assist handi­ VI. CONCLUSIONS o! America. capped students who preferred school Nuclear waste appears to constitute a On hand to honor Commander Smith programs to home study. Once, he helped formidable potential futcre resource, if by­ in White Oak on April19 will be anum­ carry a girl wearing 50-pound braces up products are separated and applied. The if ber of prominent Pennsylvania Legion­ and down stairs so she could attend class. looms large and uncertain, but the option naires as well as local otficials, including: There have been many other instances. exists nevertheless. Aside from the uncer­ Eugene Eichelberger, commander of but Mr. Kramer minimizes those efforts tainty of by-product separation, weighed di­ the Pennsylvania Legion; Edward T. as part of my job. rectly against high level waste vitrification Hoak, State Adjutant; James Streets, The counselor also is active in the com­ and disposal, the option cannot be preserved state vice chairman; Dr. Almo Sebasti­ munity. He was an active volunteer fire­ in the near term unless applications research and development is pursued in order to de­ anelli, and Stephen J. Milkosy, National man for many years, is the scorer and velop economic parameters. Aside from Executive Committeemen; Mrs. Stay, timer for wrestling matches and basket­ demonstrating and developing by-product president of the Pennsylvania Legion's ball games, helps the track coach, and applications, the issues of the safety and en­ ladies auxiliary; Jay Long, commander runs the night school extension classes vironmental viab111ty of each application of the 33d district; James Comiskey, for the Reading Area Community must be addressed and resolved. However, Allegheny County comm3.nder; Frank College. the by-product alternative cannot be denied Spreha, Western vice commander; Rob­ Throughout our history, it has been or dismissed from consideration today by any ert Picth, 33d district chaplain; Wil­ the kind of selfless dedication and com­ quantitative data pro or con. The scenarios of strategic materials, energy, international liam Rankin, commander of Post 701, mitment to excellence typified by developments, and our advancing technology and the Hon. John L. Patterson, mayor Charles Kramer that have made Amer­ may or may not force the option into the of White Oak. ica's educational system the finest in the open in the future. Mr. Speaker, it is a pleasure to join in world. We are truly fortunate to have There is perhaps an ultimate analogy to the tribute to Commander Smith. On men like Charles Kramer serving in our be made between the conservation, recycle, behalf of my colleagues in the Congress schools. Our childrens' future is in good and utmzation of our existing natural re- of the United States, I extend sincere hands.• 8674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 4, 1978 WMRN: "THE Am OF DIFFERENCE" During those fateful days, nearly everyone and should be at the top of the appreciation listened to some portion of its broadcast, list of everyone in this and neighboring obtaining word about the safety of relatives counties. The immediacy of radio makes it an HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN and hearing about life-saving operations. To invaluable emergency communications sys­ many, it was the only voice on the outside tem. To all of the WMRN personnel who OF OHIO for several days. People listened to the worked so hard during the weather crisis we IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES speakers fervently and enabled many to say: "Bravo." Tuesday, April 4, 1978 find a means to food and shelter. Lest any others in the community feel WMRN provided a service the rest of us in slighted (after all they were just doing their • Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, it the news media could not . . . it delivered job at WMRN, some might say), we also offer is with great pleasure that I would like the news unhindered by the force of Nature, our highest commendation to the hundreds to recognize the community service pro­ immediately and powerfully. of others who went to the aid of others with vided by the Marion, Ohio, Broadcast­ Oh yes, I still hold that newspapers have four-wheel drive vehicles, with CB radios; ing Co., during last January's blizzard. their place, and a good one at that, but no those who walked to those few groceries that This company, which operates both one can deny that that "small town" radio were open to help a neighbor with food sup­ an AM and FM station, managed to keep station stood above the rest of us last week plies; the churches and fire stations that and provided the public service we could welcomed those who had to be evacuated the lines of communication open be­ not. Envy? Yes, I am envious, but also I am from heatless and powerless homes, to all tween those in need and those able to proud for them, for we are brothers in com­ who helped in any way, may God Bless you offer assistance during the aftermath of munication. each and every one.e the January 26, 1978, storm. To be more than just a bulletin board of Possibly part of the station's perform­ information, a rehasher of public meetings, ance during the crisis must be attributed or a means of filling a scrapbook with pic­ tures of ribbon cuttings- and grand open­ A TRIDUTE TO GEN. THADDEUS to the company's standby generator ings, is a desire any journalist seeks for "his" KOSCIUSZKO which met the station's power needs paper, or radio station. To be of real public when the area was without electricity. service, which is greater than exposing But standby generators, or any other crooked administrators or printing award­ HON. ANTHONY TOBY MOFFETT such technology, cannot be of assistance winning photos, is a level of professionalism OF CONNECTICUT in an emergency without dedicated per­ rarely experienced by smalltown journallsts. sonnel. The technicians, announcers, and Yet, that came to be -for the employees of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other members of the WMRN staff are 1490 Radio. Monday, April 3, 1978 And it didn't happen by plan. There was to be commended for delivering the news no scheme to be "the best." It was spon­ • Mr. MOFFETT. Mr.· Speaker, the to the Marion area despite the forces of taneous: a job had to be done, they did it, House on April 3, 1978, unanimously nature. and they did it well. And I'm confident my passed House Congressional Resolution The following editorials from Marion's feelings are shared a thousand times over by 359, providing that the sites of service two newspapers further commend the Marion residents who listened or called of General Kosciuszko should be recog­ WMRN for its tireless efforts in provid­ in the day the blizzard struck. nized by Federal, State, and local gov­ ing radio communications during the Here is one Instance when there is no ernments as Kosciuszko Military Engi­ crisis: embarrassment in recognizing the good work of a "competitor." And the fact that we neering Sites, and be marked accord­ [From the Commentator, Feb. 2, 1978] are not first to applaud its efforts, our sin­ ingly. THE Am OF DIFFERENCE cerity in praising WMRN is second to none. General Thaddeus Kosciuszko was (By Vic Pytho) among the foremost patriots in our Na­ We in the communications field are a com· [From the Marion Star, Jnn. 29, 1978] tion's War for Independence. As a col­ petitive bunch: we like beating the othet MAY GOD BLESS onel in the :fledging U.S. Army, General 'guys to the news and revel when we uncove1· Sometimes it takes a natural emergency Kosciuszko played a major role in the a story long before the others get wind of it. or disaster to bring out the best tn the American victory at Saratoga, N.Y., · As a twice-a-week newspaper, we are, per­ human race. haps, the most disadvantaged of the local which proved to be a turning point in the news pool. The Marlon Star is a seven-day­ That is what all of us in the Marion area war. a-week daily that attempts to provide day­ and throughout Ohio have been witness to As a result of his efforts on behalf of a after, and sometimes, same-day, news cover­ during the past few days-the best il. people. free America, he was granted U.S. citi­ age. Both radio stations, WMRN and WDIF, After the blizzard struck the area begin­ zenship, and was promoted to the rank have active news staffs, and on occasion air ning early Thursday, area residents began to of brigadier general. the news moments after it happens, but, show their mettle. more often, the news is broadcast hours Very quickly a spirit of helping one an­ Throughout his life, General Kos­ after the -event if not the next day. other through the weather crisis developed ciuszko worked and fought for the rights The Commentator, however, by design, and even though the area was virtually of people everyWhere to live in a free cannot bring up-to-the-minute reports nor paralyzed for three days, things began to society. After fighting for a free Poland easily accommodate next-day coverage. Yet, look brighter Saturday with everyone in the against Russia, General Kosciuszko re­ each of us on the news staff, one-time or county and neighboring counties pitching in turned to America in 1796. Perhaps the another "daily" veterans, recognize the other to help those stranded in mobile homes and greatest testimony to the integrity of three news staffs for their ability to com­ houses without heat, power or food. this man was that he left his will with municate more rapidly. While those who offered a helping hand to his friend, Thomas Jefferson, which con­ I'm not knocking a weekly, or in our case, others in dire need are too numerous to even tained· provisions setting aside funds for the twice-a-week concept, but in events attempt to identify in this space there is one such as last week's horrendous blizzard, im­ organization that has done an outstanding the education and freedom of blacks in mediacy of news is enviable. job in helping to maintain communications this country. And it is not that news of the storm had between those in need and those that might Upon his death in 1817, earth was to be told. It was evident no matter where be able to help. raised in Poland on all battlements on one was located. But people needed and That organization is the Marion Broad­ which he had fought. It is :fitting that wanted to know what was going on outside casting Co. (WMRN). now, 200 years after the Battle of Sara­ their confines, and journalists live to provide The crew there worked tirelessly to main­ toga, this country respond with a similar that information. tain radio communications throughout the tribute to to this remarkable and free­ The storm was a powerful equalizer. The crisis period. It was the only radio station thinking man. Star became little better than The Com­ in the immediate area that was able to stay mentator in terms of delivery. Going to press on the air, partly because it has a standby It is a tribute to Polish-Americans does little good if deliveries cannot be made, emergency power generator that was pressed everywhere--a tribute to all Americans and while The Star did not fail to meet its into use when electric power in its area failed. who value their hard-fought freedom. press runs, it could not, as we could not last How the technicians and announcers man­ In my own district in Connecticut, Thursday, make deliveries to all the cus­ aged to reach the station during the height there are a number of Polish-American tomers. of the blizzard we do not know, but we sus­ organizations that epitomize the spirit Even radio station WDIF, having no pect some of them remained at the station of General Kosciuszko. These groups are auxiliary generator, became powerless once many hours rather than risk trying to go the electricity went out. Outshining us all, home and be unable to make it back the next dedicated to the advancement of those was WMRN which, in my terms, provided a day. same principles espoused by General flawless service to every resident and non­ Dedication to duty and service to the com­ Kosciuszko--freedom, democracy, and resident within its broadcast range. munity by WMRN personnel is commendable the right to live a life of dignity.e April 4, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8675 WHAT CAUSES IT? most of the school system employees viding a community center for Whit­ teach? In Chicago 46 percent of total are ing, Ind.-a monument to family to­ support. In New Orleans 49 percent do getherness and a great tribute to all HON. JAMES M. COLLINS the administrative, secretarial, and American Legionnaires who have val­ OF TEXAS maintenance work. In Indianapolis 49 iantly served our country. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent do general work yet size of Mr. Speaker, colleagues, Harry F. Tuesday, April 4, 1978 classes is only 21 students. In Detroit, it Glair deserves our recognition, congrat­ is an even 50-50 teaching. ulations and praise for a job well done. • Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, When I was in grade school we had He epitomizes what Americans should I have been given 12 reasons why one principal, two office staff and two be-always striving in love, faith and youngsters today lack educational janitors with the rest teachers. dedication to make our country a better strength. With how many would you In Detroit 50 percent of the staff are place in which to live.• agree. teachers, librarians, and counselors. First. Parents Lack of Interest. More Having an equal number of staff to su­ and more experts cite parents interest as pervise and maintain property seems CONDEMNATION OF ALDO MORO the biggest element in achievement. Do excessive. ABDUCTION parents discuss school work? Do they Twelfth. Too Many Forms. Teachers commend their children? Do they listen and the whole system are burdened with HON. JEROME A. AMBRO to them read? too many deadhead reports and exces­ OF NEW YORK Second. PTA. Are parents active in sive paperwork. back up programs? Do parents go to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES school games, open house, and activities? ------Tuesday, April 4, 1978 HARRY F. GLAIR NIGHT Third. Teachers Backed Up. My mother • Mr. AMBRO. Mr. Speaker, prior to the told me that when her brother got Easter recess the House considered a spanked at school, he also got spanked HON. ADAM BENJAMIN, JR. resolution condemning the abduction of by her dad when he got home. Do you OF INDIANA Aldo Moro. As the cosponsor of this res­ give solid support to your teachers and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES olution, I rose in its support and would principal? like to now add my comments to those Fourth. Teachers Are Good. I had three Tuesday, April 4, 1978 of my colleagues. youngsters go completely through the • Mr. BENJAMIN. Mr. Speaker, allow Mr. Moro was one of the foremost school system and only had one teacher me to take this opportunity to ask my Christian Democratic leaders, and his in junior high that did not know how to colleagues to join with me in commend­ abduction by the so-called Red Brigade teach his subject

SENATE-Wednesday, April 5, 1978

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., •