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Miscellaneous Studies Miscellaneous studies Item Type monograph Authors Hendry, Charles W.; Lund, Ernest H.; Lund, Ernest H. Publisher Florida Geological Survey Download date 09/10/2021 15:36:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/19697 STATE OF FLORIDA STATE BOARD OF CONSERVATION Ernest Mitts, Director FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Herman Gunter, Director REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS NO. 16 MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA 1958 FLORIDA STATE BOARD OF CONSERVATION LEROY COLLINS Governor R. A. GRAY RICHARD ERVIN Secretary of State Attorney General J. EDWIN LARSON RAY E. GREEN Treasurer Comptroller THOMAS D. BAILEY NATHAN MAYO Superintendent of Public Instruction Commissioner of Agriculture ERNEST MITTS Director of Conservation ii LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 7i0 iLa Q0{1i caI cS> ttvef Tallahassee December 5, 1957 Mr. Ernest Mitts, Director Florida State Board of Conservation Tallahassee, Florida Dear Mr. Mitts: I am forwarding to you a report entitled, MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES, which includes the following papers: "Geology of the Area in and Around the Jim Woodruff Reservoir" by Charles W. Hendry, Jr. and J. William Yon, Jr.; "Phosphate Concentrations near Bird Rookeries in South Florida" by Dr. Ernest H. Lund, Department of Geology, Florida State University; and "An Analysis of Ochlockonee River Channel Sediments" by Dr. Ernest H. Lund, Associate Professor and Patrick C. Haley, Graduate Assistant, Department of Geology, Florida State University. These three papers contribute to our knowledge of the geology and economic resources of Florida and are being published as Report of Investigations No. 16. Respectfully submitted, Herman Gunter, Director iii CONTENTS Part I Geology of the area in and around the Jim Woodruff reservoir --......----------------------------....-----------.............----..........--.. 1 Part II Phosphate concentrations near bird rookeries in South Florida .......---------------------------------------... 53 Part III An analysis of Ochlockonee river channel deposits --.-----...... ------ .....---.............- -----------......--..-......... 69 iv Part I GEOLOGY OF THE AREA IN AND AROUND THE JIM WOODRUFF RESERVOIR By Charles W. Hendry, Jr. and J. William Yon, Jr. Florida Geological Survey Tallahassee, Florida 1958 1 ··( TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments ................................... .................. 5 Introduction .................................................. 7 Purpose and scope of study ...................................... 7 Location .................. .................................... 7 The Jim Woodruff lock and dam .................................... 8 Physiography ....................................................... 10 Introduction ............................................... 10 Tallahassee Tertiary Highlands .................................... 10 Dougherty River Valley Lowlands .................................. 11 Major streams ....................................... ....... 12 Chattahoochee River ................ .. ............... ... 13 Flint River .......................................... 13 Apalachicola River ..................................... 13 Flood plain .......................................... 13 Natural levees .................... ...................... 14 Rim swamps . ........................................ 14 Tributary streams ...................................... 15 Stream terraces ......................... .............. 15 Jim Woodruff Reservoir area . .................... 16 Stream capture .................... .............. .17 Structure ........................................ .................... 20 Chattahoochee anticline ........................................ 20 Linear trends .................. ................................ 22 Stratigraphy ................ ............... ........................ 23 Introduction ......... .................................... ...... 23 Tertiary system ...................................... ......... 23 Eocene series ............ .... .................................. 23 Jackson stage .................................................... 23 Ocala group ................................................... 23 Crystal River formation ........................................ 23 Historical ............................ .................. 23 Distribution ........................................ 23 Lithology ........................................ .... 24 Thickness and structure ............................ ...... 24 Stratigraphic relationship .............................. 24 Geologic exposures ...................... ............. 24 Oligocene series ............................................... 25 Suwannee limestone .............. ................... ........ 25 Historical .... ........................................ 25 Distribution ............................. ..... ....... .... 2 3 Lithology ............................................... 26 Thickness and structure ................................... 26 Stratigraphic relationship ......... ........................ 26 Geologic exposures ..................................... 26 M iocene series .................................................... 28 Tampa stage ........................... ...................... 28 Chattahoochee facies .......................................... 28 Historical ........................................ ........... 28 Distribution ................. ........................ 28 Lithology .............................................. 28 Thickness ................................................ 29 Stratigraphic relationship .............................. ... 29 Geologic exposures .. ..................................... 30 Alum Bluff stage .............................................. 34 Hawthorn facies .............................................. 34 Historical ................................................ 34 D istribution ............................. ...... ...... 34 Lithology ............................................. 34 Thickness ................. ............................. 34 Stratigraphic relationship ................................. 34 Geologic exposures ..................................... 34 Post-Miocene stratigraphy .......... ................................ 35 Silicified limestone ............................................ 35 Historical ................................................ 35 Present concept ...................... .......... ........ 35 Geologic exposures ................................ ...... 36 Geologic exposures along Chattahoochee and Flint rivers .................... 36 Insoluble residue study ............................................... 43 Introduction ................. ....... ................ ......... 43 Procedure ....................................................... 44 Insoluble residues .......................... ... ............... .. .. 44 Conclusion ....................................................... 45 L ocalities ...... ............................ ... ..................... 47 Selected bibliography ............................................. 50 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Map showing area of investigation ................................. 8 2 Map showing physiographic regions .............................. 9 3 Reconstructed composite of terrace surfaces ......................... 16' 4 Diagrammatic stream capture sequence ............................. 19 5 Map showing linear trends along the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers .... 22 6 Geologic map of area investigated ......................... Facing 24 7 Geologic cross sections .................................. Facing 26 8 Chart showing insoluble residue percentages in three wells ........... 46 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Robert O. Vernon, Assistant Director, Florida Geological Survey, assisted the writers many times in the field investigation and offered many helpful suggestions during the preparation of this report. Staff members of the Florida Geological Survey offered assistance and advice during the course of the study. Special recognition is given to Mrs. Ruth Shuler and Miss Betty Youngblocd for the time they spent typing and editing the report. Assistance was given by Mr. Kenneth Highsmith who helped in the preparation of the illustrations and maps. Appreciation is expressed to the staff of the Resident Engineer's office, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Chattahoochee, Florida, for making available maps and elevations of the Jim Woodruff reservoir area. Citizens of Jackson and Gadsden counties, Florida, and Seminole and Decatur counties, Georgia, were very cooperative and helpful. 5 I Part I GEOLOGY OF THE AREA IN AND AROUND THE JIM WOODRUFF RESERVOIR INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY In December 1953 Vernon, Hendry, and Yon' made a study of the outcropping Tertiary sediments along the lower portions of the Chatta- hoochee and Flint rivers in the area of the Jim Woodruff reservoir. This investigation was conducted prior to the conclusion of the Jim Woodruff Dam project. The completion of this dam has created a 37,000-acre lake which has masked from future investigations much of those sediments that were previously exposed in the area. This study along the rivers brought to light inconsistencies in the present concept of the geology of this area and the writers thought it wise to undertake a more thorough investigation of the surface geology. The data collected through the study of surface exposures were supplemented by examination of cuttings from three oil test wells and six water supply wells that were drilled in the area and samples
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