Del Amor Y La Sexualidad En Poemas Selectos De Octavio Paz Y Rosario Castellanos
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University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2007 Pasión y Deseo: Del Amor y la Sexualidad En Poemas Selectos De Octavio Paz y Rosario Castellanos María Cristina Campos Fuentes University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Campos Fuentes, María Cristina, "Pasión y Deseo: Del Amor y la Sexualidad En Poemas Selectos De Octavio Paz y Rosario Castellanos. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/131 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by María Cristina Campos Fuentes entitled "Pasión y Deseo: Del Amor y la Sexualidad En Poemas Selectos De Octavio Paz y Rosario Castellanos." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Modern Foreign Languages. Óscar Rivera-Rodas, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Nuria Cruz-Cámara, Euridice Silva-Filho, Jon Shefner Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by María Cristina Campos Fuentes entitled “Pasión y deseo: del amor y la sexualidad en poemas selectos de Octavio Paz y Rosario Castellanos.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Modern Foreign Languages. Óscar Rivera-Rodas, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Nuria Cruz-Cámara Euridice Silva-Filho Jon Shefner Acceptance for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Pasión y deseo: del amor y la sexualidad en poemas selectos de Octavio Paz y Rosario Castellanos A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville María Cristina Campos Fuentes December 2007 Copyright © 2007 by María Cristina Campos Fuentes All rights reserved. ii A mi amado esposo, Stéphane iii Agradecimientos Agradezco a mi director de tesis, Dr. Óscar Rivera-Rodas, por su apoyo, sus comentarios y sugerencias para la realización de esta tesis. Agradezco también a los miembros de mi comité, los profesores Nuria Cruz- Cámara, Euridice Silva-Filhio y Jon Shefner por su interés y tiempo. Merece una mención especial mi madre, María de la Luz, por su invaluable sostén moral en todas mis experiencias académicas y, sobre todo, por su gran amor que es totalmente correspondido. iv Abstract This dissertation studies selected poems written between 1950 and 1975 by Octavio Paz and Rosario Castellanos, two major Mexican writers of the twentieth century. Paz is considered one of the leading figures of Mexican literature, while Castellanos gained prominence in her homeland as a feminist figure. Using close reading as the predominant approach, this study investigates the complex issues of love and sexuality from the perspective of the poetical voice. It also emphasizes the manner in which the boundaries produced by love and sexuality underscore certain ambiguities. Indeed, these two poets search for identity and happiness in various ways, while questioning sincerity and investigating true love, a love concerned with heart and parity. In a very personal way, both authors use recurrent metaphors and comparisons about love and sexuality that combine traditional images of the Occident with images from Mexico. In their attempts to offer definitions of love and sexuality, Paz and Castellanos inevitably incorporate diverse influences into traditional stereotypes, and in doing so, place Mexican poetry within a broader context. At the same time, this dissertation addresses the differences between these two poets. On the one hand, Paz exalts love and sexuality as a constructive characteristic of the human being in an almost sacred quest, thereby demonstrating his awareness of literary tradition and humanistic belief in poetry. Concurrently, on the other hand, Castellanos is relentless in her search for love and acceptance by men, thus subjecting herself to the manipulation of a patriarchal society, which sought to reaffirm the v immobility of the woman by demanding that she conforms to a male-dominated literary canon. Castellanos’s voice is that of a proud yet pleading, lamenting, rejected lover, although the register of her poetic voice transcends gender barriers, incorporates the canon, and speaks as a fully self-validating subject. Paz sees the pleasures in, while Castellanos measures the risks and dangers at stake with the encounter of the other. vi Índice Índice ................................................................................................................................ vii Lista de tablas .................................................................................................................... x Abreviaturas ..................................................................................................................... xi Capítulo I. Introducción ................................................................................................... 1 1. Selección del corpus ................................................................................................... 2 A. Poemas de Octavio Paz.......................................................................................... 3 B. Poemas de Rosario Castellanos.............................................................................. 5 2. El tema erótico-amoroso............................................................................................. 6 3. Amor en Occidente ..................................................................................................... 7 A. La Antigüedad: entre idealismo y religión........................................................... 10 B. La Edad Media y su “amor cortés” ...................................................................... 16 C. El Renacimiento y su fuego pasional ................................................................... 19 D. La modernidad: de la libertad espiritual a la libertad corporal ............................ 23 a. El cuerpo y el alma............................................................................................ 25 b. ¿La liberación sexual?....................................................................................... 33 Capítulo II. Agua y fuego: dos poetas mexicanos ........................................................ 41 1. Una frontera difícil: las generaciones literarias ........................................................ 41 2. El género hace al monje............................................................................................ 56 3. Entre conservadurismo y feminismo ........................................................................ 57 A. Octavio Paz, un conservadurismo velado ............................................................ 58 B. Rosario Castellanos, un feminismo polémico...................................................... 64 4. Vidas paralelas.......................................................................................................... 67 Capítulo III. Octavio Paz y la sexualidad omnipresente ........................................... 110 1. La sexualidad omnipresente.................................................................................... 111 2. Las etapas poéticas.................................................................................................. 120 3. Voz poética y sexualidad ........................................................................................ 121 4. El “yo” explícitamente masculino .......................................................................... 124 A. La mujer idealizada: “ Una mujer de movimientos de río ”................................. 124 B. La iniciación sexual: “Ida y vuelta” ................................................................... 130 5. El “yo” indefinido................................................................................................... 137 A. El “yo” que se reconoce masculino.................................................................... 137 a. Sexualidad explícita: “Agua y viento”............................................................ 138 b. Sexualidad sugerida y “yo” masculino ........................................................... 143 i. “Garabato” ................................................................................................. 143 vii ii. “Complementarios” ................................................................................... 147 c. La invocación a los dioses: “Domingo en la Isla de Elefanta” ......................