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Biodiversity and Intellectual Property Rights: Can the Two Co-Exist?
Biodiversity and Intellectual Property Rights: Can the Two Co-Exist? Ashish Kothari1 R.V. Anuradha2 Cites as: 2(2) JOURNAL OF INT’L WILDLIFE L & POL’Y (1999) Keywords: Biodiversity; intellectual property rights; Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement, World Trade Organization; World Intellectual Property Organization; genetic resources. 1. Introduction The 1990s has been characterized by contentious debate about how to reconcile the protection of biodiversity and intellectual property rights. Two international treaties, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),3 and the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) agreement4 of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have significant implications for the nexus of intellectual property rights (IPRs), biodiversity and associated knowledge systems. The CBD requires parties to safeguard biodiversity and the traditions and knowledge of those indigenous and other local communities associated with this biodiversity, and lays down the basic elements for access to biodiversity resources and associated knowledge systems. The TRIPs Agreement obliges party states to modify their national IPR regimes to meet much-enhanced international standards, which could have significant implications for biodiversity and the associated knowledge systems. In addition, the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and other international institutions are becoming increasingly active on the subject. The singular advantage that the WTO process has for ensuring compliance arises from the fact -
Revisiting Cyberfeminism
AUTHOR’S COPY | AUTORENEXEMPLAR Revisiting cyberfeminism SUSANNA PAASONEN E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the early 1990s, cyberfeminism surfaced as an arena for critical analyses of the inter-connections of gender and new technology Ϫ especially so in the context of the internet, which was then emerging as something of a “mass-medium”. Scholars, activists and artists interested in media technol- ogy and its gendered underpinnings formed networks and groups. Conse- quently, they attached altering sets of meaning to the term cyberfeminism that ranged in their take on, and identifications with feminism. Cyberfemi- nist activities began to fade in the early 2000s and the term has since been used by some as synonymous with feminist studies of new media Ϫ yet much is also lost in such a conflation. This article investigates the histories of cyberfeminism from two interconnecting perspectives. First, it addresses the meanings of the prefix “cyber” in cyberfeminism. Second, it asks what kinds of critical and analytical positions cyberfeminist networks, events, projects and publications have entailed. Through these two perspectives, the article addresses the appeal and attraction of cyberfeminism and poses some tentative explanations for its appeal fading and for cyberfeminist activities being channelled into other networks and practiced under dif- ferent names. Keywords: cyberfeminism, gender, new technology, feminism, networks Introduction Generally speaking, cyberfeminism signifies feminist appropriation of information and computer technology (ICT) on a both practical and theoretical level. Critical analysis and rethinking of gendered power rela- tions related to digital technologies has been a mission of scholars but equally Ϫ and vocally Ϫ that of artists and activists, and those working in-between and across such categorizations. -
Revisiting the Future Cyberfeminism in the Twenty-First Century in The
Revisiting the Future Cyberfeminism in the Twenty-First Century First published in across & beyond – A transmediale Reader on Post-digital Practices, Concepts and Institutions, eds. Ryan Bishop, Kristoffer Gansing, Jussi Parikka, Elvia Wilk. Berlin, 2016, Sternberg Press (pp. 228-247). “I want the readers to find an ‘elsewhere’ from which to envision a different and less hostile order of relationships among people, animals, technologies, and land […] I also want to set new terms for the traffic between what we have come to know historically as nature and culture.” - Donna Haraway1 In the 1990s cyberfeminists conceived a new feminism for the twenty-first century. Inspired by the as-yet-unexplored possibilities of digital networked technologies, enthusiasm spread that the new imaginary realm of zeroes and ones would make discrimination based on physical and material differences obsolete, thus offering new forms of resistance. Instead of embodying white male capitalism, technology was reconceptualized as an accomplice for emancipation. In this text I will revisit the various elaborations of cyberfeminism that were practiced in the 1990s. Underlying this trip into the past is a series of questions that might help to better understand the present: what were the impulses behind the techno-feminist upheaval?2 How did the different concepts vary? Can cyberfeminism play a role in the current situation in which the atmosphere of departure has evaporated, making space for a seemingly all-encompassing dystopia? Are there any techno-feminist approaches that respond to contemporary challenges? Techno-feminist Inspiration Despite feminist criticisms about the formation of a canon and historical periodization, it is not possible to revisit cyberfeminism without referencing its originary texts. -
First Cyberfeminist International
editorial In September 1997 the First Cyberfeminist International Who is OBN and what do they do? took place in the Hybrid Workspace at Documenta X, in The Old Boys Network was founded in Berlin in spring Kassel, Germany. 37 women from 12 countries partici- 1997 by Susanne Ackers, Julianne Pierce, Valentina pated. It was the first big meeting of cyberfeminists Djordjevic, Ellen Nonnenmacher and Cornelia Sollfrank. organized by the Old Boys Network (OBN), the first inter- OBN consists of a core-group of 3-5 women, who take national cyberfeminist organisation. responsibility for administrative and organisational tasks, and a worldwide network of associated members. OBN is dedicated to Cyberfeminism. Although cyber- feminism has not been clearly defined--or perhaps OBN’s concern is to build spaces in which we can because it hasn't--the concept has enormous potential. research, experiment, communicate and act. One Cyberfeminism offers many women--including those example is the infrastructure which is being built by weary of same-old feminism--a new vantage point from OBN. It consists of a cyberfeminist Server (currently which to formulate innovative theory and practice, and under construction), the OBN mailing list and the orga- at the same time, to reflect upon traditional feminist nisation of Real-Life meetings. All this activities have the theory and pratice. purpose to give a contextualized presence to different artistic and political formulations under the umbrella of The concept of Cyberfeminism immediately poses a lot Cyberfeminism. Furthermore we create and use different of questions. The most important ones are: 1. What is kinds of spaces, spaces which are more abstract. -
Vanifesto a Meditation on Van Lust
VANIFESTO A MEDITATION ON VAN LUST by Hadassah D’Luxe This zine has several parts: the Vanifesto mini-opus of course, plus an instructional guide and info on types of van customizations for your van searching and purchasing needs; Hard Fact$ about buying and maintaining your van; a catalog of all the vans I looked at; Van History; a dreamy Travelogue from trips all over the US and Canada; and even a touch of sexy Vantasy fixxxtion to keep you driving. Special van-search morale thank-you’s go to Ely, Finch, Kassidy, Heather, Ray & Susie, Sophie, Aimee, Bevin & Heather, all of who made major time and magic contributions to my search! I needed you and you came through. Love to my platonic life partner [PLP] Sarah Jenny who supports me in all my eccentricities. To the pup who knocked out over 9000 miles in the passenger seat with me; to my sweetheart who makes van adventures for the futures; to drivers past and to come; thanks to all the people who have shared adventures and road blues with me! Long drive Craylene Dream! xo, Hadassah Damien [email protected] | axondluxe.com + femmetech.org this zine was workshopped at Terra Incognita DIY Artists Retreat Fall 2010 [creative commons 2011] VANIFESTO p3 Van His/Hers/Ourstory p7 Vantasy XXX p8 VAN RULES p9 13 Vans: A Review of My Search p10 Hard Fact$: Purchasing Guide p14 The Good Part: Customizations p17 TRAVELOUGE: Days & Nights of DLuxe Van Lust: 2010 p 24 2009 p 27 |2| the VANIFESTO When you put “van” as a prefix in front of many adjectives*, it improves the word: Vantasy. -
The Legal Guardianship of Animals.Pdf
Edna Cardozo Dias Lawyer, PhD in Law, Legal Consultant and University Professor The Legal Guardianship of Animals Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais 2020 © 2020 EDNA CARDOZO DIAS Editor Edna Cardozo Dias Final art Aderivaldo Sousa Santos Review Maria Celia Aun Cardozo, Edna The Legal Guardianship of Animals / — Edna Cardozo Dias: Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais - 2020 - 3ª edition. 346 p. 1. I.Título. Printed in Brazil All rights reserved Requests for this work Internet site shopping: amazon.com.br and amazon.com. Email: [email protected] 2 EDNA CARDOZO DIAS I dedicate this book To the common mother of all beings - the Earth - which contains the essence of all that lives, which feeds us from all joys, in the hope that this work may inaugurate a new era, marked by a firm purpose to restore the animal’s dignity, and the human being commitment with an ethic of life. THE LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP OF A NIMALS 3 Appreciate Professor Arthur Diniz, advisor of my doctoral thesis, defended at the Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, which was the first thesis on animal law in Brazil in February 2000, introducing this new branch of law in the academic and scientific world, starting the elaboration of a “Animal Rights Theory”. 4 EDNA CARDOZO DIAS Sumário Chapter 1 - PHILOSOPHY AND ANIMALS .................................................. 15 1.1 The Greeks 1.1.1 The Pre-Socratic 1.1.2 The Sophists 1.1.3 The Socratic Philosophy 1.1.4 Plato 1.1.5 Peripathetism 1.1.6 Epicureanism 1.1.7 The Stoic Philosophy 1.2 The Biblical View - The Saints and the Animals 1.2.1 St. -
Leonie Dickinson Interviewer: Emma Shield, Project Co-Curator
Project: Small Town Queer podcast interviews Interviewee/s: Leonie Dickinson Interviewer: Emma Shield, Project Co-curator. Location recorded: Murwillumbah, New South Wales, Australia. Date: 01/02/2021 Transcription by: Emma Shield, Project Co-Curator. Small Town Queer Podcast Series Episode Seven: Creating A Community (Music) (Introduction) Emma: You are listening to the Small Town Queer podcast produced by Tweed Regional Museum in Northern New South Wales, Australia. Follow us as we uncover and explore Tweed's rich queer history from the early 1900s to the present. The Museum has collaborated with LGBTQIA+ community members to collect, share and preserve the histories of Tweed's many and varied queer voices. (Music) (Aboriginal Acknowledgement) Emma: We wish to recognize the generations of local Aboriginal people of the Bundjalung Nation who are the traditional owners and custodians of the land on which we are recording this podcast today. (Music) (Podcast Hosts) My name is Emma Shield, and my name is Erika Taylor, and we are the curators of the Small Town Queer digital project and exhibition. (Interviewer) Emma: Hello! On today's podcast, we're talking with Leonie Dickinson. Leonie works in vocational education and training, dividing her time between the Tweed and the Northern Territory, where she specializes in working with Aboriginal people from remote communities. Before moving to the Tweed Coast from Melbourne in 2004, Leonie studied at the Australian Film Television and Radio School in the late 1980s. Leonie became a Film Director and Digital Content Producer and was the first female in the audio department at Channel 7 1 in Melbourne. -
(Part B): Feminism As Jurisgenerative Transformation, Or Resistance Through Partial Incorporation? Part I
Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University Schulich Law Scholars Articles, Book Chapters, & Blogs Faculty Scholarship 1990 Nomos and Thanatos (Part B): Feminism as Jurisgenerative Transformation, or Resistance Through Partial Incorporation? Part I Richard F. Devlin FRSC Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/scholarly_works Part of the Law and Gender Commons, and the Law and Philosophy Commons Richard F. Devlin* Nomos and Thanatos (Part B). Feminism as Jurisgenerative Transformation, or Resistance Through Partial Incorporation? OUTLINE I) Introduction II) Feminism 1) The Significance of Feminism 2) Themes of Feminism a) The Equality Approach b) The Gynocentric Approach i) Differenceand Literary Criticism a) Trespassers on the Lawns of Patriarchy b) The Cartographiesof Silence i) The New French Feminisms ii) Helene Cixous iii) Julia Kristeva iv) The Significanceof the N.F.F. ii) A DifferentJurisprudence a) Making it Otherwise b) Transcending Bipolarism iii) The Ethic of Care c) Equality Revisited i) MacKinnon's Response to Difference ii) Reflections on MacKinnon a) MacKinnon on Power b) MacKinnon's Positive Vision Equality c) Reconciling MacKinnon and Gilligan d) AlternativeLocations forthe Ethic of Care e) Beyond Either/Or III) Pornography 1) Introduction 2) A Feminist Critique of Pornography ' ' 3) Feminist Responses to Pornography IV) Feminism and the Tum to Law: Part of the Problem, Part of the Solution V) Conclusion I *Richard F. Devlin, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. 124 The Dalhousie Law Journal I. Introduction 1 In Part A of this essay, "The Killing Fields" , I developed a critique of the disciplinary impulses that underlie modern law and legal theory. -
THE BEAUTIFUL WARRIORS Technofeminist Praxis in the Twenty-First Century
Minor Compositions Open Access Statement – Please Read This book is open access. This work is not simply an electronic book; it is the open access version of a work that exists in a number of forms, the traditional printed form being one of them. All Minor Compositions publications are placed for free, in their entirety, on the web. This is because the free and autonomous sharing of knowledges and experiences is important, especially at a time when the restructuring and increased centralization of book distribution makes it difficult (and expensive) to distribute radical texts effectively. The free posting of these texts does not mean that the necessary energy and labor to produce them is no longer there. One can think of buying physical copies not as the purchase of commodities, but as a form of support or solidarity for an approach to knowledge production and engaged research (particularly when purchasing directly from the publisher). The open access nature of this publication means that you can: • read and store this document free of charge • distribute it for personal use free of charge • print sections of the work for personal use • read or perform parts of the work in a context where no financial transactions take place However, it is against the purposes of Minor Compositions open access approach to: • gain financially from the work • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution of the work • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception of academic usage within educational institutions) The intent of Minor Compositions as a project is that any surpluses generated from the use of collectively produced literature are intended to return to further the development and production of further publications and writing: that which comes from the commons will be used to keep cultivating those commons. -
Cyberfeminist Theories and the Benefits of Teaching Cyberfeminist Literature
12 Cyberfeminist Theories and the Benefits of Teaching Cyberfeminist Literature Maya Zalbidea Paniagua Camilo José Cela University of Madrid Spain 1. Introduction In 2010 I had the opportunity to interview Julianne Pierce, writer and artist who took part of the first cyberfeminist group called VNS Matrix, at the conference "Riot Girls Techno Queen: the Rise of Laptop Generation Women" at the Reina Sofía Museum in Madrid. When I asked her what she thought about present day cyberfeminism she answered melancholically: "Cyberfeminist movements are not as visible as they used to be during the 90s" ("Personal Interview with Julianne Pierce by Maya Zalbidea Paniagua" n/p) It is certainly true that the 80s and 90s supposed the golden age of cybercultures. Cybernetics arrived in the 1960s (Wiener 1968) but the glorious age of the Internet started in the 80s. In 1984 William Gibson coined the term cyberspace and anticipated the Internet revolution in his novel Neuromancer (1984). Other cyberpunk novels also illustrated a post-apocalyptic future such as: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968) by Philip K. Dick. Cyberpunk films such as Blade Runner (1982) and The Terminator (1984) received enormous impact. And some years later the Web was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, CERN publicized the new World Wide Web project in 1991, and during the 90s cyberfeminist theories and movements spread internationally. Unfortunately a climax of disillusion and a crisis of moral values has influenced negatively cyberfeminist thought, promoted by the idea that women in the third world cannot have access to the Internet, the battle between ecofeminists and cyberfeminists, and the ecological awareness of the difficulty to eliminate electronic garbage. -
Art, Images and Network Culture
Art, Images and Network Culture Art, Images and Network Culture (Ed.) Juan Martín Prada Translated by George Hutton Financed by: FEDER/Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities – State Research Agency, Spain / R&D Project “The Internet as a thematic area and fi eld of research in new artistic practices”. Ref: HAR2017-82825. Art, Images and Network Culture First edition: 2021 ISBN: 9788418392696 ISBN eBook: 9788418392139 Legal Deposit: SE 1926-2020 © of the text: Carlos Escaño Kepa Landa Maritorena Juan Martín Prada (Ed.) Henar Pérez Martínez Zara Rodríguez Prieto Remedios Zafra © of the translation: George Hutton © of this edition: Editorial Aula Magna, 2021. McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España S.L. editorialaulamagna.com [email protected] Printed in Spain Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. Commercial uses require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. The Creative Commons license describes above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Contents Preface Juan Martín Prada ......................................13 Towards a Theory of Social Media Art Juan Martín Prada ......................................17 1. Artistic practices and new online participatory platforms .......18 2. Social Network Art ......................................24 3. Other online relational spaces .............................29 4. Artistic practices and the ‘network-system’ ...................31 Digital identity in artistic practices on social networks. Real or invented subjectivities Henar Pérez Martínez ....................................35 1. -
Property As the Keystone Right?
ftlIpftt ~lInlIris ~sptclu1tt Property as the Keystone Right? Carol M. Rnse* The collapse of socialist regimes has revived an interest in property rights allover the world, as once-statist nations consider privatization as a route to commercial and economic revitalization.1 Even here in the prop erty-conscious United States, constitutional property rights have become a subject of renewed popular and political interest.2 But property rights have a somewhat uneasy place in a constitutional ordering. There are of course substantial libertarian arguments for prop erty rights as an element of personal autonomy,3 but on the whole, the post-socialist enthusiasm for property seems to have been overwhelmingly economic: the allure ofproperty is that it enhances wealth, both personal * Gordon Bradford Tweedy Professor of Law and Organization, Yale Law School. For many helpful comments I would especially like to thank Bruce Ackerman, jane Baron, jack Balkin, Fred Bosselman, Peter Byrne,james Krier, and Laura Underkuffler. I would also like to thank the participants in workshops at the Georgetown University Law School and Yale Law School, as well as the participants in the Fourth International Conference on Social justice in Trier, Germany, and the Conference of International Property Lawyers in Maastricht, The Netherlands. A very early foray into some ofthe thoughts expressed here appeared in my review ofJAMES W. ELY,jR., THE GUARDIAN OF EVERY OTHER RIGHT: A CoNSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF PROPER'IY RIGfrrs (1992), in 10 CONST. COMMENTARY 238 (1993). 1 Amy Chua, The Privatization-Nationalization Cycle: The Link Between Markets and Ethnicity in Develcping Countries, 95 CoLUM. L.