THE BEAUTIFUL WARRIORS Technofeminist Praxis in the Twenty-First Century
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Biodiversity and Intellectual Property Rights: Can the Two Co-Exist?
Biodiversity and Intellectual Property Rights: Can the Two Co-Exist? Ashish Kothari1 R.V. Anuradha2 Cites as: 2(2) JOURNAL OF INT’L WILDLIFE L & POL’Y (1999) Keywords: Biodiversity; intellectual property rights; Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement, World Trade Organization; World Intellectual Property Organization; genetic resources. 1. Introduction The 1990s has been characterized by contentious debate about how to reconcile the protection of biodiversity and intellectual property rights. Two international treaties, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),3 and the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) agreement4 of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) have significant implications for the nexus of intellectual property rights (IPRs), biodiversity and associated knowledge systems. The CBD requires parties to safeguard biodiversity and the traditions and knowledge of those indigenous and other local communities associated with this biodiversity, and lays down the basic elements for access to biodiversity resources and associated knowledge systems. The TRIPs Agreement obliges party states to modify their national IPR regimes to meet much-enhanced international standards, which could have significant implications for biodiversity and the associated knowledge systems. In addition, the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and other international institutions are becoming increasingly active on the subject. The singular advantage that the WTO process has for ensuring compliance arises from the fact -
Revisiting Cyberfeminism
AUTHOR’S COPY | AUTORENEXEMPLAR Revisiting cyberfeminism SUSANNA PAASONEN E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the early 1990s, cyberfeminism surfaced as an arena for critical analyses of the inter-connections of gender and new technology Ϫ especially so in the context of the internet, which was then emerging as something of a “mass-medium”. Scholars, activists and artists interested in media technol- ogy and its gendered underpinnings formed networks and groups. Conse- quently, they attached altering sets of meaning to the term cyberfeminism that ranged in their take on, and identifications with feminism. Cyberfemi- nist activities began to fade in the early 2000s and the term has since been used by some as synonymous with feminist studies of new media Ϫ yet much is also lost in such a conflation. This article investigates the histories of cyberfeminism from two interconnecting perspectives. First, it addresses the meanings of the prefix “cyber” in cyberfeminism. Second, it asks what kinds of critical and analytical positions cyberfeminist networks, events, projects and publications have entailed. Through these two perspectives, the article addresses the appeal and attraction of cyberfeminism and poses some tentative explanations for its appeal fading and for cyberfeminist activities being channelled into other networks and practiced under dif- ferent names. Keywords: cyberfeminism, gender, new technology, feminism, networks Introduction Generally speaking, cyberfeminism signifies feminist appropriation of information and computer technology (ICT) on a both practical and theoretical level. Critical analysis and rethinking of gendered power rela- tions related to digital technologies has been a mission of scholars but equally Ϫ and vocally Ϫ that of artists and activists, and those working in-between and across such categorizations. -
Cyberfeminism : Encyclopedia of New Media
Cyberfeminism Cyberfeminism is a term coined in 1994 by Sadie Plant, director of the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit at the University of Warwick in Britain, to describe the work of feminists interested in theorizing, critiquing, and exploiting the Internet, cyberspace, and new-media technologies in general. The term and movement grew out of “third-wave” feminism, the contemporary feminist movement that follows the “second-wave” feminism of the 1970s, which focused on equal rights for women, and which itself followed the “first-wave” feminism of the early 20th century, which concentrated on woman suffrage. Cyberfeminism has tended to include mostly younger, technologically savvy women, and those from Western, white, middle-class backgrounds. The ranks of cyberfeminists are growing, however, and along with this increase is a growing divergence of ideas about what constitutes cyberfeminist thought and action. Prior to the advent of cyberfeminism, feminist study of technology tended to examine technological developments as socially and culturally constructed. One major argument was that technology has been positioned as part of masculine culture—something that men are interested in, good at, and therefore engage in more than women. Even though women throughout history have been active in developing new technologies, feminists have argued that technology has still been looked upon as a masculine creation. For example, although women had been involved in the creation and development of the computer, their contributions were largely marginalized, and their participation often ignored or written out of history. Therefore, feminists such as Judy Wacjman, a professor of sociology at the Australian National University in Canberra, and Cynthia Cockburn, an independent scholar and activist in London, argued that technology needed to be continually interrogated and re-conceptualized, and that women needed to become more active in technological areas as well. -
Revisiting the Future Cyberfeminism in the Twenty-First Century in The
Revisiting the Future Cyberfeminism in the Twenty-First Century First published in across & beyond – A transmediale Reader on Post-digital Practices, Concepts and Institutions, eds. Ryan Bishop, Kristoffer Gansing, Jussi Parikka, Elvia Wilk. Berlin, 2016, Sternberg Press (pp. 228-247). “I want the readers to find an ‘elsewhere’ from which to envision a different and less hostile order of relationships among people, animals, technologies, and land […] I also want to set new terms for the traffic between what we have come to know historically as nature and culture.” - Donna Haraway1 In the 1990s cyberfeminists conceived a new feminism for the twenty-first century. Inspired by the as-yet-unexplored possibilities of digital networked technologies, enthusiasm spread that the new imaginary realm of zeroes and ones would make discrimination based on physical and material differences obsolete, thus offering new forms of resistance. Instead of embodying white male capitalism, technology was reconceptualized as an accomplice for emancipation. In this text I will revisit the various elaborations of cyberfeminism that were practiced in the 1990s. Underlying this trip into the past is a series of questions that might help to better understand the present: what were the impulses behind the techno-feminist upheaval?2 How did the different concepts vary? Can cyberfeminism play a role in the current situation in which the atmosphere of departure has evaporated, making space for a seemingly all-encompassing dystopia? Are there any techno-feminist approaches that respond to contemporary challenges? Techno-feminist Inspiration Despite feminist criticisms about the formation of a canon and historical periodization, it is not possible to revisit cyberfeminism without referencing its originary texts. -
First Cyberfeminist International
editorial In September 1997 the First Cyberfeminist International Who is OBN and what do they do? took place in the Hybrid Workspace at Documenta X, in The Old Boys Network was founded in Berlin in spring Kassel, Germany. 37 women from 12 countries partici- 1997 by Susanne Ackers, Julianne Pierce, Valentina pated. It was the first big meeting of cyberfeminists Djordjevic, Ellen Nonnenmacher and Cornelia Sollfrank. organized by the Old Boys Network (OBN), the first inter- OBN consists of a core-group of 3-5 women, who take national cyberfeminist organisation. responsibility for administrative and organisational tasks, and a worldwide network of associated members. OBN is dedicated to Cyberfeminism. Although cyber- feminism has not been clearly defined--or perhaps OBN’s concern is to build spaces in which we can because it hasn't--the concept has enormous potential. research, experiment, communicate and act. One Cyberfeminism offers many women--including those example is the infrastructure which is being built by weary of same-old feminism--a new vantage point from OBN. It consists of a cyberfeminist Server (currently which to formulate innovative theory and practice, and under construction), the OBN mailing list and the orga- at the same time, to reflect upon traditional feminist nisation of Real-Life meetings. All this activities have the theory and pratice. purpose to give a contextualized presence to different artistic and political formulations under the umbrella of The concept of Cyberfeminism immediately poses a lot Cyberfeminism. Furthermore we create and use different of questions. The most important ones are: 1. What is kinds of spaces, spaces which are more abstract. -
The Legal Guardianship of Animals.Pdf
Edna Cardozo Dias Lawyer, PhD in Law, Legal Consultant and University Professor The Legal Guardianship of Animals Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais 2020 © 2020 EDNA CARDOZO DIAS Editor Edna Cardozo Dias Final art Aderivaldo Sousa Santos Review Maria Celia Aun Cardozo, Edna The Legal Guardianship of Animals / — Edna Cardozo Dias: Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais - 2020 - 3ª edition. 346 p. 1. I.Título. Printed in Brazil All rights reserved Requests for this work Internet site shopping: amazon.com.br and amazon.com. Email: [email protected] 2 EDNA CARDOZO DIAS I dedicate this book To the common mother of all beings - the Earth - which contains the essence of all that lives, which feeds us from all joys, in the hope that this work may inaugurate a new era, marked by a firm purpose to restore the animal’s dignity, and the human being commitment with an ethic of life. THE LEGAL GUARDIANSHIP OF A NIMALS 3 Appreciate Professor Arthur Diniz, advisor of my doctoral thesis, defended at the Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, which was the first thesis on animal law in Brazil in February 2000, introducing this new branch of law in the academic and scientific world, starting the elaboration of a “Animal Rights Theory”. 4 EDNA CARDOZO DIAS Sumário Chapter 1 - PHILOSOPHY AND ANIMALS .................................................. 15 1.1 The Greeks 1.1.1 The Pre-Socratic 1.1.2 The Sophists 1.1.3 The Socratic Philosophy 1.1.4 Plato 1.1.5 Peripathetism 1.1.6 Epicureanism 1.1.7 The Stoic Philosophy 1.2 The Biblical View - The Saints and the Animals 1.2.1 St. -
(Part B): Feminism As Jurisgenerative Transformation, Or Resistance Through Partial Incorporation? Part I
Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University Schulich Law Scholars Articles, Book Chapters, & Blogs Faculty Scholarship 1990 Nomos and Thanatos (Part B): Feminism as Jurisgenerative Transformation, or Resistance Through Partial Incorporation? Part I Richard F. Devlin FRSC Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/scholarly_works Part of the Law and Gender Commons, and the Law and Philosophy Commons Richard F. Devlin* Nomos and Thanatos (Part B). Feminism as Jurisgenerative Transformation, or Resistance Through Partial Incorporation? OUTLINE I) Introduction II) Feminism 1) The Significance of Feminism 2) Themes of Feminism a) The Equality Approach b) The Gynocentric Approach i) Differenceand Literary Criticism a) Trespassers on the Lawns of Patriarchy b) The Cartographiesof Silence i) The New French Feminisms ii) Helene Cixous iii) Julia Kristeva iv) The Significanceof the N.F.F. ii) A DifferentJurisprudence a) Making it Otherwise b) Transcending Bipolarism iii) The Ethic of Care c) Equality Revisited i) MacKinnon's Response to Difference ii) Reflections on MacKinnon a) MacKinnon on Power b) MacKinnon's Positive Vision Equality c) Reconciling MacKinnon and Gilligan d) AlternativeLocations forthe Ethic of Care e) Beyond Either/Or III) Pornography 1) Introduction 2) A Feminist Critique of Pornography ' ' 3) Feminist Responses to Pornography IV) Feminism and the Tum to Law: Part of the Problem, Part of the Solution V) Conclusion I *Richard F. Devlin, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. 124 The Dalhousie Law Journal I. Introduction 1 In Part A of this essay, "The Killing Fields" , I developed a critique of the disciplinary impulses that underlie modern law and legal theory. -
Cyberfeminist Theories and the Benefits of Teaching Cyberfeminist Literature
12 Cyberfeminist Theories and the Benefits of Teaching Cyberfeminist Literature Maya Zalbidea Paniagua Camilo José Cela University of Madrid Spain 1. Introduction In 2010 I had the opportunity to interview Julianne Pierce, writer and artist who took part of the first cyberfeminist group called VNS Matrix, at the conference "Riot Girls Techno Queen: the Rise of Laptop Generation Women" at the Reina Sofía Museum in Madrid. When I asked her what she thought about present day cyberfeminism she answered melancholically: "Cyberfeminist movements are not as visible as they used to be during the 90s" ("Personal Interview with Julianne Pierce by Maya Zalbidea Paniagua" n/p) It is certainly true that the 80s and 90s supposed the golden age of cybercultures. Cybernetics arrived in the 1960s (Wiener 1968) but the glorious age of the Internet started in the 80s. In 1984 William Gibson coined the term cyberspace and anticipated the Internet revolution in his novel Neuromancer (1984). Other cyberpunk novels also illustrated a post-apocalyptic future such as: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968) by Philip K. Dick. Cyberpunk films such as Blade Runner (1982) and The Terminator (1984) received enormous impact. And some years later the Web was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, CERN publicized the new World Wide Web project in 1991, and during the 90s cyberfeminist theories and movements spread internationally. Unfortunately a climax of disillusion and a crisis of moral values has influenced negatively cyberfeminist thought, promoted by the idea that women in the third world cannot have access to the Internet, the battle between ecofeminists and cyberfeminists, and the ecological awareness of the difficulty to eliminate electronic garbage. -
Three Waves of Feminism
01-Krolokke-4666.qxd 6/10/2005 2:21 PM Page 1 1 Three Waves of Feminism From Suffragettes to Grrls e now ask our readers to join us in an exploration of the history of W feminism or, rather, feminisms: How have they evolved in time and space? How have they framed feminist communication scholarship in terms of what we see as a significant interplay between theory and politics? And how have they raised questions of gender, power, and communication? We shall focus our journey on the modern feminist waves from the 19th to the 21st century and underscore continuities as well as disruptions. Our starting point is what most feminist scholars consider the “first wave.” First-wave feminism arose in the context of industrial society and liberal politics but is connected to both the liberal women’s rights movement and early socialist feminism in the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States and Europe. Concerned with access and equal opportunities for women, the first wave continued to influence feminism in both Western and Eastern societies throughout the 20th century. We then move on to the sec- ond wave of feminism, which emerged in the 1960s to 1970s in postwar Western welfare societies, when other “oppressed” groups such as Blacks and homosexuals were being defined and the New Left was on the rise. Second-wave feminism is closely linked to the radical voices of women’s empowerment and differential rights and, during the 1980s to 1990s, also to a crucial differentiation of second-wave feminism itself, initiated by women of color and third-world women. -
Sadie Plant Relative to VNS Matrix, Alex Galloway. Switch
A Report on Cyberfeminism Sadie Plant relative to VNS Matrix By: Alex Galloway "Hardware, software, wetware- -before their beginnings and beyond their ends, women have been the simulators, assemblers, and programmers of the digital machines." --Sadie Plant, Zeros and Ones It would be hasty to dismiss Sadie Plant's recent book, Zeros and Ones, as being totally second- wave feminism. True, she seems quite interested in the deep, dark, technological feminine; she speaks of the male Ones and their binary opposites, the female Zeros; and she manages to weave together a genuine her-story of technology. Yet, she also reaches beyond these constrains into a complex relationship between women and machines. This relationship, tied up in problematics surrounding identity, technology and the body, is at the heart of the contemporary movement called cyberfeminism. Emerging from Adelaide, Australia in the early nineties, a group of artists and activists, calling themselves VNS Matrix, published the first Cyberfeminist Manifesto. From this early rant, the cyberfeminist movement began to grow and shift. It began to coalesce around Europe. And on September 20, 1997 in Kassel, Germany, the First Cyberfeminist International met at Documenta X, an international exhibition of contemporary art. Despite international recognition, cyberfeminism remains a highly problematic theoretical framework. No one is quite sure what it means. Its leaders, when they are not abandoning the movement all together, have often given less than inspired readings of political and technological issues. Because of this cyberfeminism remains a bit disappointing as avant-garde political movements go. There's no viable party line, strictly trade union consciousness. -
Property As the Keystone Right?
ftlIpftt ~lInlIris ~sptclu1tt Property as the Keystone Right? Carol M. Rnse* The collapse of socialist regimes has revived an interest in property rights allover the world, as once-statist nations consider privatization as a route to commercial and economic revitalization.1 Even here in the prop erty-conscious United States, constitutional property rights have become a subject of renewed popular and political interest.2 But property rights have a somewhat uneasy place in a constitutional ordering. There are of course substantial libertarian arguments for prop erty rights as an element of personal autonomy,3 but on the whole, the post-socialist enthusiasm for property seems to have been overwhelmingly economic: the allure ofproperty is that it enhances wealth, both personal * Gordon Bradford Tweedy Professor of Law and Organization, Yale Law School. For many helpful comments I would especially like to thank Bruce Ackerman, jane Baron, jack Balkin, Fred Bosselman, Peter Byrne,james Krier, and Laura Underkuffler. I would also like to thank the participants in workshops at the Georgetown University Law School and Yale Law School, as well as the participants in the Fourth International Conference on Social justice in Trier, Germany, and the Conference of International Property Lawyers in Maastricht, The Netherlands. A very early foray into some ofthe thoughts expressed here appeared in my review ofJAMES W. ELY,jR., THE GUARDIAN OF EVERY OTHER RIGHT: A CoNSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF PROPER'IY RIGfrrs (1992), in 10 CONST. COMMENTARY 238 (1993). 1 Amy Chua, The Privatization-Nationalization Cycle: The Link Between Markets and Ethnicity in Develcping Countries, 95 CoLUM. L. -
From Cyborg Feminism to Drone Feminism: Remembering Women’S Anti-Nuclear Activisms
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bournemouth University Research Online From Cyborg Feminism to Drone Feminism: Remembering Women’s Anti-nuclear Activisms Anna Feigenbaum Abstract: In 2003, Iris Marion Young argued that by the early 1990s the creative civil disobedience of Greenham Common and the broader women’s anti-nuclear movement had been ‘all but forgotten’ (Young, 2003: 1). The dynamic array of symbols, myths, strategies and tactics for direct action against militarized technologies that emerged from women’s anti-nuclear protest camps in the 1980s became largely eclipsed by cyber-feminisms focused on digital and online technologies. Yet recently, as robots and algorithms are put forward as the vanguards of new drone execution regimes, some are wondering if now is the time for another Greenham Common. In this paper I return to cyborg feminism and anti-nuclear activisms of the 1980s to explore what a drone feminism might look like today. I examine how anti-nuclear protesters infused affect and techné, creating innovative images of, and tactics for, material resistance. I argue that Greenham women’s cyborg feminisms arose from their material entanglements with the technologies and environments of the military base. In their efforts to challenge, undermine and reveal the national and imperial myths upon which warfare is based, protesters re-imagined technological possibilities based upon a global accountability for ‘earthly survival.’ Keywords: militarism, cyborg feminism, drones, Donna Haraway, feminist activism Bio: Anna Feigenbaum is a Senior Lecturer at the Journalism School at Bournemouth University. She has held fellow positions at the Rutgers Center for Historical Analysis and the London School of Economics and Political Science.