Delinquency and Icelandic Adolescents' Viewing of Television Violence
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Special issue of Nordicom Nordic Research on Media & Communication Review 15th Nordic Conference on Media and Communication Research Reykjavik, 11-13 August 2001 Edited by Ulla Carlsson VOLUME 23 | NUMBER 1-2 | SEPTEMBER 2002 NORDICOM’S overriding goal and purpose is to make the media and communication research undertaken in the Nordic countries – Denmark, NORDICOM Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden – known, both throughout and far NORDIC INFORMATION CENTRE FOR beyond our part of the world. Toward this end we use a variety of MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION RESEARCH channels to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media www.nordicom.gu.se practitioners, journalists, information officers, teachers, and interested members of the general public. Nordicom works to establish and strengthen links between the Nordic research community and colleagues in all parts of the world, both through information and by linking individual researchers, research groups and institutions. Nordicom documents media trends in the Nordic countries. Our joint Nordic information service addresses users throughout our region, in Europe and further afield. The production of comparative media statistics forms the core of this service. Nordicom has been commissioned by UNESCO and the Swedish Government to operate The Unesco International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen, whose aim it is to keep users around the world abreast of current research findings and insights in this area. An institution of the Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordicom operates at both national and regional levels. Journals, Books, Overviews NINS is a database that lists research and rested individuals, about: One of the prime purposes of Nordicom is educational institiutions in the field of me- • research on children, young people and to publicize Nordic research on journalism, dia and communication research in the media violence, media and communication. This is done on Nordic countries. • children’s access to mass media and a continual basis through a variety of their media use, publications: journals, anthologies, over- Media Trends and Statistics views. Recent years have seen far-reaching • media literacy and children’s parti- Nordicom-Information, a research jour- changes in Nordic media systems. Media cipation in the media, and nal in the Nordic languages, is published scholars are continually consulted and • regulatory and voluntary measures and quarterly. (Subscriptions: SEK 200/year). asked to cast light on new and different activities in the area. Nordicom Review, a research journal in phenomena. English, is published twice annually. Nordicom offers a Nordic information The Clearinghouse publishes a yearbook Communication Contents. Current Con- service covering media developments. A and a newsletter. tents of Mass Communication Journals prime goal is the production of reliable lists the contents of some 60 international comparative statistics. * * * journals in the field of media and commun- Nordicom gathers and collates data on a Nordicom on Internet: ication research. It is available via Inter- variety of media in all the Nordic countries. http://www.nordicom.gu.se net. These data are processed, analyzed and The national Nordicom centres publish reported in a series entitled Nordic Media Nordicom Review national newsletters and reports. Nordi- Trends. No. 1-2/2002 com-Sweden publishes a series of book- length publications on themes such as po- Children and Media Violence PUBLISHED BY: pular culture, journalism, media rhetoric, Nordicom has set up an international NORDICOM, Göteborg University women and the media, the meeting of dif- clearinghouse on children and violence on ferent research traditions and perspectives the screen. The Clearinghouse receives EDITOR: and media effects. financial support from the Government of Ulla Carlsson Sweden and UNESCO. phone +46 31 773 12 19 e-mail: [email protected] Data Bases The Clearinghouse is to contribute to and NCOM is a bibliographic data base contai- effectivize knowledge on children, young ADDRESS: ning some 33 000 references (June 2002) people and media violence, seen in the Box 713, SE 405 30 Göteborg, from 1975 forward. Entries are books, perspective of the UN Convention on the Sweden chapters in books, journal articles, con- Rights of the Child. FAX: +46 31 773 46 55 ference papers, academic research reports, The International Clearinghouse on etc. Children and Violence on the Screen PRINTED BY: NPROJ lists ongoing research projects in informs various groups of users, resear- Grafikerna Livréna i Kungälv AB the field of media and communication re- chers, policy-makers, media professionals, ISSN 0349-6244 search in the Nordic countries. teachers, voluntary organizations and inte- 15th Nordic Conference on Media and Communication Research Reykjavik, 11-13 August 2001 Nordicom Review 1-2/2002 The 15th Nordic Conference on Media and Communication Research 5 Foreword 7 Opening Address by the President of Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson PLENARY SESSION I. New Media, New Options, New Communities 11 Kirsten Drotner New Media, New Options, New Communities? Towards A Convergent Media and ICT Research PLENARY SESSION II. New Generations – New Media 23 Ellen Wartella New Generations – New Media 37 Ulla Johnsson-Smaragdi A Swedish Perspective on Media Access and Use 47 Gitte Stald ‘More Research Needs To Be Done’. Problems and Perspectives in Research on Children’s Use of Interactive Media 57 Anita Werner New Generations – New Media. Some Thoughts and Reflections PLENARY SESSION III. Media History 61 Ib Bondebjerg Scandinavian Media Histories – A Comparative Study. Institutions, Genres and Culture in a National and Global Perspective 81 Hans Fredrik Dahl The Challenges of Media History 85 Monika Djerf-Pierre The Logic and Practice of Writing Journalism History. Some Thoughts on the Future of Research on Media History 95 Klaus Bruhn Jensen From Media History to Communication History. Three Comparative Perspectives on the Study of Culture 101 Raimo Salokangas Media History Becomes Communication History – or Cultural History? Articles 109 Per Hetland Unmasking the Net. When Technology Communication Turns to the Public 125 Martin Eide The Power of Editing. The Editorial Role in a Historical Perspective 137 Sigurd Allern Journalistic and Commercial News Values. News Organizations as Patrons of an Institution and Market Actors 153 Ullamaija Kivikuru The ERNO Television Exchange. A Window on the Train of Trust in the Balkans 177 Göran Bolin In the Market for Symbolic Commodities. Swedish Lottery Game Show ‘Bingolotto’ and the Marketing of Social and Cultural Values 205 Michael Skovmand The Culture of Post-Narcissism. Post-teenage, Pre-midlife Singles Culture in Seinfeld, Friends, and Ally – Seinfeld in Particular 215 Sigrid Lien The Aesthetics of Sports Photography 237 Göran Leth Reporting the Night of Broken Glass. The Swedish Press and the Final Rehearsal Before the Holocaust 251 Mika Renvall & Pertti Vehkalahti The Unemployed as “Others” in Welfare Journalism 263 Jill Johannessen Alternative Representations of Women in the News. NGOs as a Source for Gender Transformation 277 Guðbjörg Hildur Kolbeins Delinquency and Icelandic Adolescents’ Viewing of Television Violence 291 Helene Hafstrand Competitive Advantage in the Magazine Publishing Business. A Resource- Based Perspective 301 Ragnar Karlsson Long-Time-A-Dying. Transformation of the Cinema Exhibition Market in Iceland 1980–2000 317 Lisa Gjedde & Bruno Ingemann WebArt. Methods for Investigating Design and User Experience Through a Reflexivity Lab 329 The Authors 331 Working Group Papers in English 339 Programme 341 New Literature Foreword The 15th Nordic Conference for Mass Communication Research was held on the 11th-13th August in Reykjavik, Iceland. Hosts of the meeting were the Icelandic media and com- munication researchers. More than 330 scholars from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Nor- way and Sweden gathered to discuss current research and research findings. Some dozen colleagues from the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as well as Russia, also attended. As usual, the conference programme comprised working groups, plenary sessions and a number of social and cultural events. The unifying theme of this year’s conference was New Media, New Opportunities, New Communities, a question that particularly keynote speaker Professor Kirsten Drotner addressed in the first plenary session. The two other plenary sessions were dedicated to the themes New Generations – New Media, and Media History. Working groups have been the meat of every Nordic conference to date, and the fif- teenth conference was no exception. 170 papers were presented and discussed in 20 dif- ferent working groups: Media and Global Culture Reception and Audience Studies The Structure and Economics of the Media Children, Adolescents and the Media Multimedia and Internet Media Education Local and Regional Media Popular Culture Media History Fiction in Films and on Television Television: Institution, Production Visual Culture and Text The Language and Rhetoric of the Media Radio Research Images of Gender in the Media Political Communication Public Relations/Planned Communication Research in Journalism Mediated Risk and Crisis Communication The Sociology and Aesthetics of News Reporting A number of conference papers have been revised by their authors for publication in this special issue of Nordicom Review. The articles, which were selected with the advice of the working group