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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76584-8 - The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788 Stefan Winter Index More information Index Abaza Hasan revolt 75 ‘Ali (ibn Abi Talib) 8–9, 12, 13, 26, 28, 60, 132, 158 al-‘Abbas emirs 41 Ali Ağa Defterdar 76 Abbasids 9 Ali Beğ al-Kabir 136, 139 ‘Abd al-Ali al-Karaki 22, 43 ‘Ali al-Karaki 22 Abi-Haidar, Rabâh 61, 65 ‘Ali, emir 149 Abilama‘ family 76 ‘Ali, mufti 83 Abi-Sa‘b family 72, 74 Ali Paşa (Tripoli) 91–2, 100–4, 104–5, 109 Abisaab, Rula 60 ‘Ali al-Saghir family 122, 123, 124, 126–7, 128, Abu ‘Adhra, Muhammad 83 130, 133, 134, 142–3, 144, 177 Abu Bakr, caliph 17 Abu Hamd 134 Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim 37, 48, 96, 109, 119 ‘Ali Hajj Ahmad 128 Abu’l-Dhahab, Muhammad 136, 139, 140 ‘Ali al-Saghir 126, 127 Abu Muslim 9 Hasan ibn Husayn al-Saghir 126 Abu Rish emirs 41 Husayn al-Saghir 126 Abu Sa‘b, Ahmad see Sa‘b family: Ahmad Kaplan Hasan 132–3, 134–5, 140, 172 Abu Sa’b Muhammad ibn ‘Ali 127 Acre 125, 129, 131, 135, 139, 140, 142–3, 146, 177 Mushrif ibn ‘Ali 127, 128 ‘Adhra see Abu ‘Adhra, Muhammad Nassar 130, 132 ‘Adnan family 28 see also Nassar family Afqa 68, 81 ‘Alids 8, 12, 14, 29–30, 45, 46, 60–1, 62, 65 ahi brotherhoods 10 ‘Alid loyalties 7, 8, 9, 26, 28, 30 Ahmaj 81 ‘Almat 67, 81 Ahmed II, sultan 103, 110 see also Wadi ‘Almat Ahmed Paşa, grand vizier 19 ‘Alwan family 29, 44–5, 172 see also Cezzar Ahmed Paşa; Kavanos ‘Amili see Baha’ al-Din al-‘Amili; Jabal ‘Amil Ahmed Paşa Amyun 170 Ajami, Fouad 117 Anatolia 1, 7, 8, 9–11, 12–13, 17, 20, 22, 26, 41, ‘Ajlun 53, 77, 96 61, 68, 75, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 ‘Akkar district 38, 39, 58, 67, 70, 77–8, 79–80, military forces of 101, 107, 136–41 84, 89, 93, 97–8, 154, 159, 160, 173 population of 12–13, 14–15, 15–16, 17, 18 Akkoyunlu confederation 9 ‘Ane 41 Al Safa, Muhammad Jabir 35, 125, 143 ‘Anjar 55 Al Shukr family 126 battle of 53–4 ‘Alam al-Din family 37, 40, 74, 102 Ankara 10 ‘Ali 124 Ansar 124, 130–1 Musa 102–3 Anti-Lebanon range 33, 43, 46 ‘Alawites 46 Aqbay ibn ‘Abdallah 67 see also Nusayris Aqra‘ family Albania 11 Abu ‘Ali 47–8, 50 Aleppo 11, 12, 14, 21, 23, 25, 28, 36, 38, 41, 51, Fakhr al-Din 47 61, 83, 101, 108, 110, 111, 151, 170 ‘Aqura 52, 148, 163 Janissaries 50–1 Arabs 150 shari‘a court records 22 Arabia 25, 40 see also Lebanese Order: Aleppine branch Arabistan, Arab provinces 1, 14, 139 Alevis 11, 16, 18, 28 Arab tribes 60, 80, 107, 110, 149 Alexandretta 51 see also Bedouins 195 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76584-8 - The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788 Stefan Winter Index More information 196 Index Ardabil 9, 13, 27 94, 97, 100, 101, 104, 107, 114, 117, 119, ‘Arqa district 67 121, 122, 124, 128, 139, 141, 143, 146–8, Arslan Paşa 101, 107–8, 114, 125, 127 149, 150, 151, 152, 162, 164, 165, 166–7, Arwad island 29, 84, 152 168, 171, 172–4, 175, 176, 178 As‘ad Paşa al-‘Azm 130, 131 Bekdaşlo tribe 11–12 ‘Ashqut 94 Bektaşisufis 8, 10–12, 13, 28, 30 ashraf 7, 28–30, 44, 45, 117, 126, 172 Beydoun, Ahmed 34, 62, 179 Ashura 8, 14, 30 Bilad Bishara 121, 126–7, 128, 131, 132, Asia 9, 147 135, 140 see also Central Asia bimaristan 23 ‘Assaf family 39, 42, 47, 63, 69–70, 72–3 Bint Jubayl 122, 127 Mansur 38, 69 Birgevi Mehmed 18 Muhammad 69 Bisri 123, 124 Musa Beğ 67 Bithynia 10 ‘Awjan family 95 Bkerke 73, 160 ‘Awwad, Ya‘qub 158–9 Blackburn, Richard 23 ‘Ayn Dara, battle of 40, 128, 129, 148, 154 Bonaparte 178 ‘Aynatha 122, 126 Bosnia 139 ‘Aynturini 72, 73, 163, 168, 169 Bozoklu Mustafa Paşa 106–7, 108 ‘Aytha 54 al-Budayri, Ahmad 132, 165 Ayyubids 31, 39, 41, 62, 126 Buhturids 42 Azerbaijan 13 Bukhara 60 ‘Azm dynasty 108, 120, 131, 136, 139, 140, Bulgaria 11 144–5, 146, 165, 167, 174, 177 Burayk, Mikha’il 131 Burids 62 Baalbek 5, 21, 23, 29, 42, 45–9, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, al-Burini, Hasan 24 55–6, 58, 61, 69, 70, 90–2, 93, 95, 96–7, Buyids 62 101, 104–5, 106, 114, 141–2, 147–51, Byzantine Empire 10–11 163, 164–8, 169, 171–3, 176 Baba Bayram zaviye 11 Cairo 14, 23, 24, 62, 70, 126, 139, 157 Badhidh River 152 Çaldıran 13 Baghdad 9, 26–7, 28, 83 Canberdi al-Ghazali 36, 46 Baha’ al-Din al-‘Amili 21, 24–5 Canobin see Qanubin monastery Bakhit, Adnan 37, 119 Canpolad family 39, 41 Baladi branch see Lebanese Order ‘Elî 41, 51 Balkans 8, 10–11, 13, 16, 20, 102, 107, 112, 147 Husên 41 Banu ‘Ammar 62 see also Jumblatt family Banu Hamdan 60 Capitulations 133 Banu Rahhal 67, 68 Carmelites 158 Baqlin 60 Catholics 4, 53, 115, 159 Barada Valley 45, 47 see also Greek Catholics; Maronites Basba‘al 84 Celali uprisings 41, 51, 75, 111 Basharri see Jubbat Basharray Central Asia 8, 9 Basra 25, 110 cerde 155, 167 al-Bassa 125, 135 Cevdet Paşa 136 Batrun district 65, 69, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78, 80–2, 89, Cezzar Ahmed Paşa 117, 121, 123, 126, 132, 138, 90, 92–3, 98, 100, 103, 151, 152, 155–6, 139, 140–3, 145, 170, 171–2, 173, 178 160, 161, 162–3, 169 Chehab, Maurice 137 Bayezid II, sultan 13, 26 Christians 10–11, 12, 31, 33–4, 44, 45, 58, 59, 63, Bazyun 173 64, 65–7, 68, 71, 73, 74, 78, 80, 84, 93, Beaufort see Shaqif Arnun 94–5, 98, 100, 102, 109, 114, 117, 121, Bedouins 36, 38, 40, 41, 44, 47, 48, 52, 53, 60, 90, 122–3, 131, 137–8, 139, 148, 151, 152, 91, 102, 119–20, 131, 134, 139, 140, 149 161, 162, 163, 166, 177, 178 Beirut 31, 33–6, 42, 65, 93, 95, 120, 122, 138, see also Catholics; Greek Catholics; Greek 139, 149, 154, 164, 169, 170 Orthodox; Maronites see also Sidon: province churches 4, 44, 53, 93, 122–3, 156, 159 Bekaa Valley 5, 29, 31, 33, 36, 42, 43–8, 50–1, church taxes 79, 80 51–2, 53–4, 54–6, 58, 61, 69, 76, 90, 92, Circassian Mamluks 126 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76584-8 - The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788 Stefan Winter Index More information Index 197 Cohen, Amnon 135 Duwayhi, Istfan 39, 40, 47, 55, 59–60, 69, 70, 71, Companions of the Prophet 21, 22, 24 72, 73, 76–7, 78, 80, 82, 86, 89, 90, 91–2, Constantinople 10, 12 96, 100, 102, 103, 127, 129 see also Istanbul as patriarch 74, 96, 157 cotton 68, 119, 129–30, 131–2 al-Duwayhi, Jirjis Bulus 163 crusaders 42, 62, 120, 152 Cyprus 13, 37, 149 Eberhard, Elke 18 Ebu’s-Suud Efendi 4, 15–17, 19–20, 21, 26, 30, Dahdah family 163, 170 31, 109, 113, 116, 150, 176 Yusuf 163 Edirne 46, 89, 101, 110 Dahir, Mas‘ud 143, 179 Edirne incident 148 Dahir, Yuhanna 163 Egypt 8, 12, 13, 24, 36, 43, 136–7, 139, Damascus 22, 25, 26, 28, 29, 36, 37, 43, 46, 152, 178 48, 51, 62, 102, 122, 126, 136, 148, 149, Egyptian occupations 92, 139–40, 143, 144–5, 164, 172 147, 171 eyalet of 1, 2, 33, 38, 48, 53, 54, 55, 65, 75–6, Ehden 156, 159, 163 77, 89, 100, 104, 107, 111, 120, 121, 136, English travellers 4, 165 148, 150, 155, 166, 175 Euphrates 38, 41 governors 39, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 67, 75, Europe 4, 10, 33, 35, 52, 95, 108, 112, 76–7, 81, 90, 96–8, 105–6, 108, 114, 120, 115–16, 177 124, 128, 129, 131, 132, 135, 140–1, 143, Evliya Çelebi 74 148–9, 150, 165, 166–7, 169, 170, 171–3 historians 24, 29, 47, 100, 132, 148, 165 Fakhr al-Din Ma‘n see Ma‘n family Janissaries 23, 50, 52, 54, 56, 75–6, 97, 105–6, Farhat 65, 81 111, 172 Fatima 28 religious officials 22–4, 28, 29, 37, 50, 54, 62, Fatimids 60, 62 63, 150 Feyzullah Efendi 148 shari‘a court records 4, 150 France 4, 5, 88, 93, 95, 116, 145, 157–9, 166, Dandash family 92 175, 177 Danniyye district 62, 74, 77, 78, 80, 90, 92, 97–8, French consuls 4, 33, 59–60, 85, 95, 120, 122, 154, 155, 163, 168 135, 136–7, 140, 141, 142, 151, 152, Danube River 101 154–5, 157, 168, 169–70, 171 Darbessin (Dayr Bassim) 123 Consular correspondence 119, 129–30, 132–4, D’Arvieux, Laurent 85, 93, 122 143–4, 148 Dayr Kafifan monastery 160 French mandate 18, 33 Dayr al-Qamar 140, 169, 172 French revolution 178 Dayr al-Zor/Rahba 41, 101, 104 Franche-Comté 158 Defterdar Sarı Mehmed see Sarı Mehmed Furaykh family 47, 50 Defterdar Korkmaz 50 Deli Orman 31 Mansur 47, 50 Deyr-Rahbe see Dayr al-Zor/Rahba Muhammad 50 Dhu’l-Fiqar 12 Futuh district 58, 63, 65–7, 68–9, 73, 76, 78, 81, Dimotika 106 98, 151, 173 Diyarbekir 38, 147 futuwwa guilds 10 Dresden registers 3, 76, 77, 122 Fuzuli-i Bağdadi 28 Druze 2, 5, 7, 19, 28, 29, 31–3, 36–7, 39, 40, 42, 45, 47, 49, 55, 60, 62, 63, 77, 78, 88, 94, Galilee 33, 61, 119, 131 110, 116, 117, 119–20, 123, 126, 129, Ganja 110 130, 135, 139, 144–5, 174 Gaza 77, 101, 107, 151 Druze emirate 2, 5, 31–2, 33–5, 57, 96, 100, Geagea family 168 102, 103–4, 115, 125, 147, 166, 169, 176 Georgia 105 factional wars among 128, 129, 140–1, 148, Germans 24 154–5 Gharb district 102, 119 Shiites’ wars with 91, 131, 132, 134, 136–8, 142 al-Ghazali see Canberdi al-Ghazali Druze–Maronite condominium 5, 32, 35, 87, Ghazir 69, 70 115, 119, 160, 177 Ghosta 94 see also ‘Alam al-Din family; Buhturids; Ma‘n ghulat 9, 13, 47, 164 family Golan 47, 61, 128 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76584-8 - The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788 Stefan Winter Index More information 198 Index grand viziers 19, 24, 48, 54, 75–6, 77, 81, 101–2, Sirhan (ibn Qansuh) 71, 73–4, 75, 76–7, 79, 103, 105, 106–8, 110, 151 80–4, 86, 88, 89–90, 91, 110, 151 Greece 33 Sulayman 161 Greek Catholics (Melkites) 73, 164, 167 ‘Umar (18th cent.) 160 Greek Orthodox 34, 69, 131, 162, 166, 171 ‘Umar ibn Sa‘d 90, 91 Griswold, William 51 Hamada family (Druze) 60 Gürcü Mehmed Paşa 105–6 Hamada, Sa‘dun 4, 73 Hamdanids 58 Habsburgs 101, 112 Hamir tribe 60 Hacci Bektaş 10–12 Hamza Saru Görez 15, 21 Hadina 68 Hanash family 36, 44, 119 hajj pilgrims 20, 21,
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  • Massacres, Desecration, and Iconoclasm in Lebanon's Mountain

    Massacres, Desecration, and Iconoclasm in Lebanon's Mountain

    Crimes on Sacred Ground: Massacres, Desecration, and Iconoclasm in Lebanon’s Mountain War 1983-1984 Matthew Hinson Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of History, Georgetown University Advisor: Professor Judith Tucker Honors Program Chair: Professor Amy Leonard 8 May 2017 Hinson 2 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to the victims of civil wars past and present in the hopes that they find sanctuary, sacred or otherwise. Hinson 3 Acknowledgements There are many people to whom I am grateful for their contributions to this thesis. First and foremost, this project would not be complete without the thoughtful comments and kindness of my faculty advisor, Professor Judith Tucker. I must thank Professor Amy Leonard and my fellow students in the History Honors Seminar. It has been an incredibly year, and your comments have been invaluable. Professor Tommaso Astarita and Dean Anthony Pirrotti have been more than helpful in my registration and participation in history courses throughout the years, including the History Honors Seminar. And of course, thank you to the special people out there (you know who you are) as well as the countless friends forced me to work on this thesis and accompanied me in the many long nights in Lauinger Library (you also know who you are). Hinson 4 I hereby grant to Georgetown University and its agents the non-exclusive, worldwide right to reproduce, distribute, display and transmit my thesis or dissertation in such tangible and electronic formats as may be in existence now or developed in the future. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation, including the right to use it in whole or in part in future works.
  • The Role of Women in Lebanese Politics Eyal Zisser

    The Role of Women in Lebanese Politics Eyal Zisser

    The Journal for Interdisciplinary Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 1, Fall 2017 Print ISSN: 2252-347X Online ISSN: 2252-6959 https://doi.org/10.26351/1 Under the Glass Ceiling and in the Family ‘Cage’ : The Role of Women in Lebanese Politics Eyal Zisser Abstract Throughout Lebanese history women have managed to reach the top of the political pyramid and fill leadership positions to a degree that does not exist in other Arab countries. While the phenomenon is most widespread in the Maronite Christian community, in the Druze, Shiite and Sunni communities it manifests itself mainly as women filling in for men or being the power behind the scenes. The political presence described above, however, does not represent a major breakthrough or the abandonment of the rather narrow framework that is generally available for women. In almost every case women who achieve political prominence are, at present or have been in the past, filling some position temporarily for their husbands or some other close relative, until the next male generation of the family can take over. This phenomenon is made possible mainly by the fragmented and family oriented character of Lebanese politics. The article examines the phenomenon of women leaders in Lebanon, through analyzing the case studies of such women after which it will discuss the importance and significance of this phenomenon. Keywords Lebanon; Women in Lebanon; Maronites; Druze; Nazira Jumblatt; Shiites. Author’s contact: Prof. Eyal Zisser, Tel Aviv University; [email protected] 5 6 Eyal Zisser Introduction At the beginning of June 2017 the Lebanese public indulged itself during the usual “summer heat wave,” with something that was truly a “storm in a teapot.” It had to do with the question of whether the movie “Wonder Woman” should be screened in the country or not.