DOCSLIB.ORG

Montenegro Und Das Deutsche Reich

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Montenegro Und Das Deutsche Reich DIGIOST Montenegro und das Deutsche Reich Dokumente aus dem Politischen Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin, 1906–1914. Band 2: 1910–1914 Radoslav Raspopović / Konrad Clewing / Edvin Pezo / Raspopović et al. (Hg.) Montenegro und das Deutsche Reich Montenegro Raspopović et al. (Hg.) Senka Raspopović (Hg.) Radoslav Raspopović / Konrad Clewing / Edvin Pezo / Senka Raspopović (Hg.) Montenegro und das Deutsche Reich / Crna Gora i Njemački Rajh DigiOst Herausgegeben für Collegium Carolinum – Forschungsinstitut für die Geschichte Tschechiens und der Slowakei, München Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Marburg Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung, Regensburg von Prof. Dr. Martin Schulze Wessel Prof. Dr. Peter Haslinger Prof. Dr. Ulf Brunnbauer Band 8 Radoslav Raspopović / Konrad Clewing / Edvin Pezo / Senka Raspopović (Hg.) Montenegro und das Deutsche Reich Dokumente aus dem Politischen Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin, 1906–1914. Band 2: 1910–1914 Crna Gora i Njemački Rajh Dokumenti iz Političkog arhiva Službe inostranih poslova u Berlinu, 1906–1914. Tom II (1910–1914) Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Der Band erscheint zugleich auch als Band der Reihe „Diplomatske sveske“ des „Istorijski institut Univerziteta Crne Gore“ mit der ISBN 978-86-7664-166-6 (knj. 2). Umschlagabbildung: Vorderseite der deutschen Gesandtschaft in Cetinje / Prednja strana njemačkog poslanstva na Cetinju © Narodni muzej Crne Gore Satz: Composizione Katrin Rampp, Kempten DigiOst – Band 8 Herausgegeben vom Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung Landshuter Str. 4 D–93047 Regensburg ► www.ios-regensburg.de im Auftrag des Fachrepositoriums für Osteuropastudien OstDok ► www.osmikon.de Bereitgestellt und langzeitarchiviert durch die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek DOI: 10.23665/DigiOst/IOS-8 Radoslav Raspopović / Konrad Clewing / Edvin Pezo / Senka Raspopović (Hg.): Montenegro und das Deutsche Reich. Dokumente aus dem Politischen Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin, 1906–1914. Band 2: 1910–1914. Crna Gora i Njemački Rajh. Dokumenti iz Političkog arhiva Službe inostranih poslova u Berlinu, 1906–1914. Tom II (1910–1914). Berlin 2019. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.23665/DigiOst/IOS-8 Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Für Abbildungen im Buch gilt die CC-Lizenz nur in den Fällen, in denen dies beim Vermerk des Copyrights eigens festgehalten ist. ISBN 978-3-7329-0531-7 ISBN E-Book 978-3-7329-9467-0 ISSN 2513-0927 Frank & Timme GmbH Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur Berlin 2019. Herstellung durch Frank & Timme GmbH, Wittelsbacherstraße 27a, 10707 Berlin. Printed in Germany. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier. www.frank-timme.de Ovaj tom se istovremeno objavljuje kao sedma knjiga u seriji Diplomatske sveske Istorijskog instituta Univerziteta Crne Gore i kao tom broj 8 u seriji DigiOst koju Inhalt – Sadržaj realizuju sljedeći instituti: Collegium Carolinum, München / Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Marburg / Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung, Regensburg. Dieser Band erscheint zeitgleich als DigiOst-Band Nr. 8 – herausgegeben vom Collegiu Carolinum, München / Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropa- forschung, Marburg / Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung, Die Bedeutung der deutschen diplomatischen Berichte aus Montenegro, Regensburg – und als siebter Band der vom Istorijski institut Univerziteta Crne 1910–1914 . 15 Gore herausgegebenen Serie Diplomatske sveske. Značaj njemačkih diplomatskih izvještaja iz Crne Gore, 1910–1914 . 37 Dokumententeil, 1910–1914 / Dio sa dokumentima, 1910–1914 . 55 Prevodioci Aleksandra Popović sa njemačkog jezika Abkürzungsverzeichnis / Spisak skraćenica . 503 Darko Miletić sa engleskog jezika Olga Pelcer sa engleskog jezika Abbildungsverzeichnis / Spisak ilustracija . 507 Likovno rješenje korica Ortsnamenregister . 509 Marina Vešović Registar geografskih pojmova . 515 Personenregister . 521 Lektor crnogorskih tekstova Registar ličnih imena . 527 Sonja Živaljević Übersicht der Dokumente (Regesten) . 533 Spisak dokumenata (uvodnici) . 551 Štamparija ARTGRAFIK Tiraž 300 ISBN XXXX Izdanje u Njemačkoj ima ISBN 978-3-7329-0531-7 CIP – Каталогизација у публикацији Национална библиотека Црне Горе, Цетиње DigiOst 8 | 5 | Diplomatske sveske Geleitwort des Botschafters der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Montenegro Ich freue mich, dass jetzt der zweite zweisprachige Band mit den Berichten der Deutschen Gesandtschaft in Montenegro für die Zeit von 1910 bis 1914 dank der Arbeit von Professor Radoslav Raspopović von der Universität Podgorica und Dr . Konrad Clewing vom Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Süd- osteuropaforschung in Regensburg sowie ihrer Mitherausgeber Dr . Edvin Pezo und Dr . Senka Raspopović vor uns liegt . Diese Jahre vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg waren für das Königreich Montenegro von großer Bedeutung . Es waren auch die letzten Jahre der friedlichen Existenz des jungen Staates . Allerdings war auch Montenegro in die Balkankriege verwickelt, die ihm einen erheblichen territorialen Zugewinn brachten, aber auch viele neue Bewohner und eine größere ethnische und religiöse Vielfalt . Das bedeutete eine erhebliche Herausforderung . Dies wird in den Berichten der Gesandt- schaft des Deutschen Reiches, das in erster Linie eine beobachtende Rolle eingenommen hat, reflektiert . Veröffentlicht in einem Band, ist die Lektü- re der Berichterstattung für viele Historiker im deutschsprachigen und ser- bisch-, kroatisch-, bosnisch- und montenegrinischsprachigen Raum, die sich mit dieser Epoche und Region beschäftigen, ein großer Gewinn . Wir ver- stehen dadurch besser, wie Montenegro war und warum es heute so ist . Das Auswärtige Amt hat auch die Veröffentlichung dieses zweiten Bandes gerne unterstützt, um damit einen Beitrag zu den deutsch-montenegrinischen Be- ziehungen zu leisten, die traditionell gut waren und sind . Ich danke Professor Raspopović und Dr . Clewing und allen, die an der Entstehung des vorliegenden Buchs mitgewirkt haben, sehr herzlich für ihr im wahrsten Sinn des Wortes umfangreiches Engagement . Dr . Robert Weber Botschafter DigiOst 8 | 7 | Diplomatske sveske Uvodna riječ ambasadora Savezne Republike Njemačke u Crnoj Gori Radujem se što je pred nama sada već drugi dvojezični tom sa izvještaji- ma njemačkog poslanstva u Crnoj Gori u periodu između 1910 . i 1914, zahvaljujući radu profesora dr Radoslava Raspopovića sa Univerziteta u Pod- gorici i dr Konrada Klevinga sa Lajbnic Instituta za istočnu i jugoistočnu Ev- ropu, kao i drugim urednicima dr Edvinu Pezo i dr Senki Raspopović . Ove godine prije Prvog svjetskog rata bile su od velikog značaja za kraljevinu Crnu Goru . To su bile posljednje godine mira za mladu državu . Međutim, Crna Gora je bila upletena i u balkanske ratove, koji su joj donijeli značajno teritorijalno proširenje, al i mnogo novih stanovnika i veću etničku i reli- gijsku raznovrsnost . To je značilo i veliki izazov . To se ogleda i u izvještaji- ma poslanstva Njemačkog carstva, koje je prije svega zauzelo posmatračku ulogu . Objavljeni u jednom tomu, ovi izvještaji su veliki dobitak za mnoge istoričare na njemačkom i srpsko-hrvatsko-bosansko-crnogorskom govor- nom području . Time bolje razumijemo kakva je bila Crna Gora i zašto je danas takva . Služba inostranih poslova je zato rado podržala objavljivanje drugog toma, da bi doprinijela njemačko-crnogorskim odnosima, koji su tradicionalno bili i ostali dobri . Srdačno zahvaljujem profesoru Raspopoviću i dr Klevingu i svima koji su sarađivali u nastanku ove knjige, za njihov, u pravom smislu te riječi, veliki angažman . Dr Robert Veber Ambasador DigiOst 8 | 9 | Diplomatske sveske Geleitwort der Botschafterin Montenegros in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Mit dem vorliegenden zweiten Band der Edition »Montenegro und das Deut- sche Reich . Dokumente aus dem Politischen Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts in Berlin 1906–1914«, in dem die Berichte des von 1910 bis 1914 in Cetinje akkreditierten deutschen Gesandten enthalten sind, wird ein Pionierpojekt der wissenschaftlichen und kulturellen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Monte- negro und Deutschland abgerundet, das meines Erachtens montenegrinische und deutsche Historiker und insbesondere Diplomaten, aber auch die brei- te Öffentlichkeit, mit seiner unerschöpflichen Originalität inspirieren wird . Zugleich ermöglicht der vorliegende Band eine dauerhafte Erinnerung an Tatsachen, Ereignisse und nicht zuletzt auch an einzelne Persönlichkeiten der montenegrinischen Geschichte und Diplomatie, auf der Basis eben die- ser der von dem 1910 nach Cetinje gelangten deutschen Diplomaten Hein- rich von Eckardt verfassten Berichte . In den Depeschen des Gesandten von Eckardt, in denen er aus Monte- negro heraus einen deutschen Blick wiederum auf Montenegro wirft, treten einzelne Themen wie unter einem Brennglas aus ihrem historischen Kontext hervor . In den Berichten spiegeln sich ein äußerst belastender Zeitabschnitt und die Herausforderungen für Montenegro, den Balkan und Europa am Vorabend des kommenden Großen Krieges auf eindrucksvolle Weise wider . Wenn wir in ihnen von den Beziehungen Montenegros zu seinen Nachbarn lesen, vom Wettstreit um Einfluss und Dominanz der Großmächte vis-à-vis Montenegro, aber auch von inneren Fragen wie dem Parlamentarismus, dem Mehrparteiensystem und insgesamt der politischen Szene in Montenegro, lässt sich die historische Distanz leicht vergessen . Diese Ausgabe ist insbesondere für
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Instituti Albanologjik I Prishtinës
    Begzad BALIU Onomastikë dhe identitet Prof.asc.dr. Begzad BALIU Onomastikë dhe identitet Recensues Prof. dr. Bahtijar Kryeziu Shtëpia botuese Era, Prishtinë, 2012 Botimin e këtij libri e ka përkrahur Drejtoria për Kulturë e Komunës së Prishtinës 2 Begzad BALIU ONOMASTIKË DHE IDENTITET Era Prishtinë, 2012 3 4 Bardhës, Erës, Enit, fëmijëve të mi! 5 6 PËRMBAJTJA PARATHËNIE E RECENSUESIT. ..............................11 HYRJE ..... .....................................................................15 I ONOMASTIKA E KOSOVËS - NDËRMJET MITEVE DHE IDENTITEVE ......................................................... 19 I. 1. Onomastika si fat ...................................................... 19 I. 2. Onomastika dhe origjina e shqiptarëve ..................... 21 I. 3. Onomastika dhe politika ........................................... 24 II. 1. Etnonimi kosovar..................................................... 27 II. 2. Ruajtja e homogjenitetit .......................................... 29 II. 3. Toponimi Kosovë dhe etnonimi kosovar ................ 30 III. 1. Konteksti shqiptaro-sllav i toponimisë................... 35 III. 2. Ndeshja: struktura e toponimisë ............................. 36 III. 3. Struktura shumështresore e toponimisë së Kosovës .......................................................................................... 39 III. 4. Konteksti ................................................................ 40 III. 5. Standardizimi i toponimisë dhe gjuha .................... 43 III. 6. Standardizimi i toponimisë - goditja
    [Show full text]
  • United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
    Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Thon.Ppt.210129.007
    • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • THE STATE OF EUROPE IN DECEMBER OF 1916 IN A CONSTANT STATE OF FLUX, IN A CONSTANT STATE OF PERPETULANCE • Eastern front hammered in the Brusilov Offensive. • Allies able to push the Germans away from Verdun. • Americans funneling supplies to the Allies. • Italy has abandoned the Central Powers, joining the Allies. • Threat of American intervention leads to the suspension of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare. • Western Front has turned into a marginally defensive battle for the Germans. • U.S. advises Germans they will protect all American assets against Submarine Warfare. JAPAN’S OBLIGATIONS FULFILLED 23 AUGUST 1914 – 7 NOVEMBER 1914 • Japan was bound to aid Great Britain by a bilateral 1902 Treaty. • Immediately seized German holdings in the Pacific upon unanswered ultimatum. • After Germany was removed from the region, was withdrawn among the Allies. • Aided the Allies in the Siberian Expedition. The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in 1941. (27 years German front lines as seen at Qingdao ahead of evacuation in 1914. later) • Generally advertised pro-German news. • Eventual ambitions included a further inland push into China. • Japan’s disposition appeared to be shaky towards the Allies. • Germany sought to capitalize on this early. THE BRUSILOV OFFENSIVE 4 JUNE 1916 – 20 SEPTEMBER 1916 • Planned by Russian GEN Aleksei Brusilov • Designed to alleviate pressure from the Western Front. • Aimed with intent at severely eroding the Eastern Front. • The greatest feat of arms for the Russians during World War I. Russian cavalry charging on the front lines during the Map showing the Eastern front and position of Brusilov’s forces in May offensive.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITIČKA UPOTREBA TRADICIJE CRNOJEVIĆA U XVIII I XIX VIJEKU Živko M
    POLITIČKA UPOTREBA TRADICIJE CRNOJEVIĆA U XVIII I XIX VIJEKU Živko M. Andrijašević Nacionalni i državotvorni pokreti balkanskih naroda, tokom XVIII i XIX vijeka, često su u srednjovjekovnoj državnoj tradi - ciji tražili ideološka uporišta za svoje političke ciljeve ili izvorišta svog političkog legitimiteta. Činjeno je to zbog toga što je svaka politička ideja XVIII i XIX vijeka, za koju se mogla pronaći istorijska osnova u srednjovjekovnoj državnoj tradiciji, doživljavana utemeljenom i opravdanom, dok je njeno prih - vatanje i slijeđenje, dobijalo ponekad značenje nacionalne oba - veze. Jedan primjer takvog korišćenja srednjovjekovne državne tradicije, odnosi se na upotrebu tradicije dinastije Crnojević u Crnoj Gori tokom XVIII i XIX vijeka. Dinastija Crnojević vladala je Zetom (Crnom Gorom) u dru - goj polovini XV vijeka. Prvi od tri vladara iz te dinastije, Stefan (Stefanica), došao je na čelo zetske države 1451. godine, a vla - dao je do 1464/65. godine. Naslijedio ga je sin Ivan, koji je vla - dao do 1490. godine. Ivan Crnojević se na početku vladavine su - kobio s Mletačkom Republikom, od koje je bezuspješno po ku - šavao da uzme pośede oko Kotora. Kad je njegovoj državi zapri - jetila opasnost od Osmanskoga carstva, izmirio se s Repu bli - kom. Ipak, Osmansko carstvo primoralo ga je na vazalni po ložaj i plaćanje godišnjega danka (1471). U vrijeme mletačko-osman - www. maticacrnogorska.me MATICA, zima 2010. 563 Živko M. Andrijašević skoga sukoba oko Skadra (1474), prešao je na stranu Mletačke Republike. Da bi osnažio odbranu svoje države, podigao je tvr - đavu Obod (1475). Kao mletačkoga saveznika osmanske snage su ga napale 1479. godine, pa je morao da pobjegne iz zemlje.
    [Show full text]
  • CROSS BORDER COOPERATION in SHKODRA Prospective Euro-Region Or a Pending Effort?
    ALBANIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES CROSS BORDER COOPERATION IN SHKODRA Prospective Euro-Region or a Pending Effort? Tirana, 2006 1 Principal Researcher Gjergji Vurmo Editor Eno Trimçev ©Copyright 2006 Albanian Institute for International Studies (AIIS) Albanian Institute for International Studies (AIIS) Rr. “Deshmoret e 4 Shkurtit”, Nr. 7/1, Tirana, Albania Tel: + 355 42 488 53 Fax: +355 42 703 37 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.aiis-albania.org 2 Acknowledgements ________________________________________________________________________ The Albanian Institute for International Studies (AIIS) is grateful to the US Embassy in Tirana for the financial support granted for the implementation of this project. We would like to thank in particular a large number of experts and local stakeholders in Shkodra whose input was crucial for the preparation of this study. AIIS takes this opportunity to express its gratitude to the Municipality of Shkodra, “Luigj Gurakuqi” University, Regional Environment Center (Shkodra Office), ACIT (Tirana), Chamber of Commerce (Shkodra), Shkodra Prefecture, GTZ (Tirana Office), as well as other institutions for their generously provided assistance during the field work and the round table consultations. We would also like to thank Ms. Zemaida Kastrati – Mozali, Mrs. Djana Bejko, Mr. Anton Leka, Mr. Ilir Ciko, Mr. Bledar Striniqi, Mr. Ismail Beka, Mr. Daniele Pedretti for contributing their fresh points of view and valuable suggestions and valuable expertise to this work. 3 Table of Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on the Religionless Society: the Case of Albania
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 16 Issue 4 Article 1 8-1996 Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania Denis R. Janz Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Janz, Denis R. (1996) "Reflections on the Religionless Society: The Case of Albania," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 16 : Iss. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol16/iss4/1 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REFLECTIONS ON THE RELIGIONLESS SOCIETY: THE CASE OF ALBANIA By Denis R. Janz Denis R. Janz is professor of religious studies at Loyola University, New Orleans, · Louisiana. From the time of its inception as a discipline, the scientific study of religion has raised the question of the universality of religion. Are human beings somehow naturally religious? Has there ever been a truly religionless society? Is modernity itself inimical to religion, leading slowly but nevertheless inexorably to its extinction? Or does a fundamental human religiosity survive and mutate into ever new forms, as it adapts itself to the exigencies of the age? There are as of yet no clear answers to these questions. And religiologists continue to search for the irreligious society, or at least for the society in which religion is utterly devoid of any social significance, where the religious sector is a tiny minority made up largely of elderly people and assorted marginal figures.
    [Show full text]
  • SEA of Montenegro's National Climate Change Strategy
    The European Union’s IPA Programme for Montenegro SEA of Montenegro’s National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi SEA Report Prepared by: Juan Palerm, Jiří Dusík, Ivana Šarić, Gordan Golja and Marko Slokar Ref. Contract N° 2014/354504 Final Report 14 September, 2015 Development of the Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) for the Project Title: National Climate Change Strategy by 2030 (EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi) Financing: IPA Reference No: (EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi) Starting Date: February 2015 End Date (Duration): June 2015 Contract Number: 2014/354504 Contracting Authority: Delegation of the European Union to Montenegro Task Manager: Mr. Sladjan MASLAĆ, Task Manager Address: Vuka Karadžića 12, 81000 Podgorica Phone: + 382 (0) 20 444 600 Fax: + 382 (0) 20 444 666 E-mail: [email protected] Beneficiary: Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism [MSDT] Head of PSC: Ivana VOJINOVIC Address: IV Proleterske brigade 19, 81000 Podgorica Phone: + 382 (0) 20 446 208 Fax: + 382 (0) 20 446 215 E-mail: [email protected] Contractor: Particip GmbH Address: Merzhauser Str. 183, D - 79100 Freiburg, Germany Phone: +49 761 79074 0 Fax: +49 761 79074 90 Project Director: Martin GAYER E-mail address: [email protected] Date of report: 27/03/2015 Revision NA Author of the report: Juan PALERM .............................................. Controlled by: Martin GAYER .............................................. Approved: Mr. Siniša STANKOVIĆ [Head PSC] .............................................. Approved: Mr. Slađan MASLAĆ [Task Manager of EUD] .............................................. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this Report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the EU Delegation or any other organisation mentioned in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Anel NOVO 18.06.08 Sadrzaj:Layout 1.Qxd
    Dr. Mustafa Memić GUSINJSKO-PLAVSKA KRAJINA U VRTLOGU HISTORIJE Sarajevo, 2008. IZDAVAČ: Institut za istraživanje zločina protiv čovječnosti i međunarodnog prava Univerziteta u Sarajevu ZA IZDAVAČA: prof. dr. Smail Čekić UREDNICI: dr. Safet Bandžović prof. mr. Muharem Kreso RECENZENTI: akademik Muhamed Filipović mr. Sefer Halilović LEKTOR: Sadžida Džuvić KORICE: Dževdet Nikočević DTP: Anel Ćuhara ŠTAMPARIJA: AMOS GRAF d.o.o. TIRAŽ: 500 PREDGOVOR Ovom knjigom želim objasniti neke od burnih događaja u mom rodnom kraju koji su bitno utjecali na formiranje nacionalne svijesti mojih sunarodnika i na njihov ekonomski i društveno-politički položaj poslije Drugog svjetskog rata. U narodu moga kraja duboko su urezana dva događaja. Jedan je osvajanje Gusinjsko-plavskog kraja od crnogorske vojske 1912, a drugi se odnosi na razdoblje od 1919. do 1945. Njima se objašnjava dolazak jednog puka srpske vojske, koji je poslije proboja Solunskog fronta nastupao vardarskom dolinom i od Skoplja i Kosovske Mitrovice uputio se prema Crnoj Gori. Pritom se prema Podgorici kretao preko Gusinjsko-plavske krajine, nakon čega je došlo do pobune Bošnjaka i Albanaca, te pokušaja uspostavljanja nove vlasti, a zatim do formiranja dviju vasojevićkih brigada - Donja i Gornja vasojevićka - koje su se kao paravojne jedinice pridružile srpskoj vojsci i djelovale pod rukovodstvom centralne Crnogorske uprave u Podgorici. Tom su prilikom u Plavu i Gusinju formirane i dvije vojne jedinice - dva bataljona - najprije kao komitske jedinice, koje su u početku djelovale u sastavu komitskog pokreta u Crnoj Gori. Strahovalo se da se uspostavljanjem njihove vlasti ne nametnu policijske vlasti, koje su tokom 1912-1913. počinile teške zločine (masovno strijeljanje – prema nekim podacima ubijeno je preko 8.000 Bošnjaka i Albanaca, a došlo je i do nasilnog pokrštavanja oko 12.500 ljudi).
    [Show full text]
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Il Diritto Delle Miuiti Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese
    UNIVERSITÀ DI PALERMO FACOLTÀ DI LETTERE GIUSEPPE VALENTINI titolare di lingua e letteratura albanese IL DIRITTO DELLE MIUITI NELLA TRADIZIONE GIURIDICA ALBANESE GENERALITÀ VALLECCHI EDITORE Alili iiifinoria curissiina del professor SERGIO MOCIII ONOIU alle cui amichevoli insistenze devo il ritorno a questi studi. COPYRIGHT 1956 BY VALLECCHI EDITORE PRlNTEn IN ITAl.V FIBKN2E, 1956 - STABILIMENTI TIPOLITOGEAFICI t il. INDICE Iiitroduzionr i'<'g- LIBRO l: I PRINCIPI FONDAMENTALI DEL DIRITTO PUBBLICO Capo I: Nella società civile del Kaiiùii, al di fuori della famidia e al di sotto dello Stato, dominano i princijii della fraternità e quindi dell'uguaglianza e della libertà, con poche e ragionevoli eccezioni 17 Capo II: Il legame generale che contiene l'individualità nella comunità è il bisogno di solidarietà e il diritto e dovere che ne conseguono 21 Capo III: Mancando nel mondo delle tribù una vera e propria autorità, il legame morale dell'obbligazione vi 1^ formato dalla Besa (fedeltà), invece che dall'obbedienza iO Capo IV: Dovere di IJesa ci può essere anche fuori d'un patto bila- terale, quando Vana parte fa ricorso al sentimento d'onore dell'altra 59 Capo V: La conlraltualità tra famiglia e famiglia e tra famiglia pri- vala e piti ampie comunità, essenziale come legame della società comunale del Kanùii, è provata, oltre che dal regime parlamentare delle comunità, dalle istituziotii del Pegno, deU'Arbitrato e della Garanzia 67 Capo VI: // regime del Kanùn è regime di libertà d'opzione e di libertà da coazione 76 Capo VII: La destinazione a posti di presidenza è idealmente data dall'anzianità, diversamente dall'assunzione a uffici 81 8 INDICE INDICE 9 Capo IV: Del Villaggio LIBRO n: LE COMUNITÀ 1 : Il villaggio (kaliin) albanese, stalo già iiroliabiliuciile co- CHI») I: Drllr romiinllà in grnrrr munità pastorale nomade, o almeno transumante, s'è andato § 1 : Al di sopra della faiiiifilia e.
    [Show full text]
  • Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova 29 Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova
    Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova 29 Illyrian-Albanian Continuity on the Areal of Kosova Jahja Drançolli* Abstract In the present study it is examined the issue of Illyrian- Albanian continuity in the areal of Kosova, a scientific problem, which, due to the reasons of daily policy, has extremely become exploited (harnessed) until the present days. The politicisation of the ancient history of Kosova begins with the Eastern Crisis, a time when the programmes of Great-Serb aggression for the Balkans started being drafted. These programmes, inspired by the extra-scientific history dressed in myths, legends and folk songs, expressed the Serb aspirations to look for their cradle in Kosova, Vojvodina. Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina and Montenegro. Such programmes, based on the instrumentalized history, have always been strongly supported by the political circles on the occasion of great historical changes, that have overwhelmed the Balkans. Key Words: Dardania and Dardans in antiquity, Arbers and Kosova during the Middle Ages, geopolitical, ethnic, religious and cultural concepts, which are known in the sources of that time followed by a chronological development. The region of Kosova preserves archeological monuments from the beginnings of Neolith (6000-2600 B.C.). Since that time the first settlements were constructed, including Tjerrtorja (Prishtinë), Glladnica (Graçanicë), Rakoshi (Istog), Fafos and Lushta (Mitrovicë), Reshtan and Hisar (Suharekë), Runik (Skenderaj) etc. The region of Kosova has since the Bronze Age been inhabited by Dardan Illyrians; the territory of extension of this region was much larger than the present-day territory of Kosova. * Prof. Jahja Drançolli Ph. D., Departament of History, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Pristina, Republic of Kosova, [email protected] Thesis Kosova, nr.
    [Show full text]
  • Traffic Connectivity in Croatia in the Past: the Dubrovnik Region Case
    Athens Journal of History - Volume 1, Issue 3 – Pages 195-204 Traffic Connectivity in Croatia in the Past: The Dubrovnik Region Case By Marija Benić Penava This paper analyses the development of traffic routes in the far south of Croatia during the 19th and 20th century. Poor traffic connectivity was the consequence of traffic policy which was subordinated to the interests of Vienna in the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy, and after World War I, to Belgrade. Since the Dubrovnik region was oriented towards the sea, and since traditionally it had strong entrepreneurship and sea traffic that enabled great economic prosperity of Dubrovnik in the past centuries. Ships flying the flag of Sveti Vlaho (Saint Blaise, the patron saint of the city) were present in the Mediterranean and the world’s oceans, yet the service industry which Dubrovnik provided was completed by tourism only in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The perception of Dubrovnik as a world tourist destination was established in the first half of the 20th century and that could only be maintained by quality traffic routes. Therefore it was extremely important for the prosperity of the far south of Croatia to have and retain the best connectivity by railway as well as sea, land and air traffic. Introduction The transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century was a period of great economic change in Europe. The discovery of the Watt’s steam engine (1764) enabled mechanical transport, which neither the working animals nor the natural power, on which transportation was dependent previously, could not contest. The steam engine passed the milestone in the field of transport connection.
    [Show full text]