ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

Annual Report 2019, Jerusalem ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

Annual Report 2019, Jerusalem Introduction Contents

From the Chairman of the Directorate 4 From the Chairman of the Council 5 Highlights of Yad Vashem Activities 6-7 Education 8-25 Remembrance 26-49 Documentation 50-63 Research 64-75 The New Moshal Shoah Legacy Campus 76-77 Public Representatives and Senior Staff 78-81 Financial Highlights 2019 82-83 Yad Vashem Friends Worldwide 84-110

Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center, is the leading authority in Holocaust education, remembrance, documentation and

research. Yad Vashem is at the forefront of ANNUAL REPORT 2019 unceasing efforts to safeguard and impart the memory of the Holocaust victims, as well as the events of the Shoah period. From the Mount of Remembrance in Jerusalem, Yad Vashem works tirelessly to document accurately one of the darkest chapters in the history of humanity, and to grapple effectively with the ongoing ANNUAL REPORT 2019 challenges of keeping Holocaust remembrance 2 relevant today and for future generations. 3 From the Chairman of the Directorate From the Chairman of the Council

Dear Friends, in this effort – the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Our longtime Dear Friends, the Mount of Remembrance in Jerusalem, Yad Vashem works During 2019, Yad Vashem association with the IDF expanded further in 2019, as April 11, 2020 marks 75 years to ensure that Holocaust commemoration and education faced a challenging range of construction commenced of the new Yad Vashem Holocaust since the liberation of the continues and remains relevant to young people across the developments related to our Education Center at the IDF's central training compound in the Buchenwald concentration world. The painful memories of the devastation that human fundamental goal of ensuring Negev. This state-of-the-art facility will feature our latest and camp. I recall how I travelled depravity unleashed during the Holocaust must serve as a call accurate and meaningful most effective pedagogic approaches and tools. to Germany in 1995 to mark to the whole world to remain ever vigilant in maintaining the Holocaust remembrance Our battle against new adversities must include the the 50-year anniversary of universal values of tolerance and freedom for all. worldwide. Key social, reinforcement of our core commitments and competencies the liberation. That visit was cultural and political trends highlighted the relevance of our in Holocaust documentation and research. Accordingly, my second time in Buchenwald. When I arrived at the camp activities, proficiencies and resources – for Israel, the Jewish during 2019 Yad Vashem continued its determined search for the first time, I was just a young child. I had no father. I had people and all of humanity. for previously unrecorded names of Shoah victims, as no mother. I had no name, no identity. I was just a number. It is a noteworthy paradox that strong interest in the narrative we approach the milestone figure of five million names. Prisoner #117030. At seven-and-a-half years old, what crime and implications of the Shoah continues around the world, Our consistent accumulation of priceless Holocaust-era could I possibly have committed? For my second visit, I came and has even grown in certain contexts, at the very same time documentation, artifacts and artwork serves as the backdrop from my old-new homeland, the State of Israel. My name had that others distort and trivialize the Shoah, or claim that its for the start of construction of the new Moshal Shoah Legacy been given back to me: Israel Meir Lau. I was not a prisoner importance has dimmed. At Yad Vashem, we have honed our Campus, designed to ensure the preservation and safety of anymore. I was the Chief Rabbi of Israel. Such drastic changes ability to discern and interpret this paradox, enabling us to Yad Vashem's crucial tangible foundations of remembrance. had transpired between my first visit and my second. build upon the opportunities, while vigorously grappling with With survivor testimonies constituting a major and everlasting Seeing how completely my life had been tranformed, one the dangers. component of Yad Vashem's identity, we continue to dedicate might have been tempted to say that it was time to open As the disturbing frequency and variety of antisemitic incidents ourselves to convincingly convey the survivors' striking stories. a new page, to start a new chapter. We should forgive and and expressions continued to surge worldwide during 2019, One such effort recently came to eloquent fruition, with the forget. But I cannot forgive, because I am not authorized to do Yad Vashem devised and implemented groundbreaking tools opening in Germany of an acclaimed new exhibition of portrait so. My parents, before they were brutally taken away to their to share its superior Shoah-related knowledge base, insights photographs of Holocaust survivors and their messages to deaths, did not ask me to forgive their murderers. What my and tools with individuals and institutions who are at the mother did ask me to do, was remember. "Remember that future generations, accompanied by a compelling book, both Rabbi Israel Meir Lau forefront of the fight against contemporary antisemitism. This facilitated by Yad Vashem expertise and involvement. you are a Jew," she begged. "Wherever you go, remember that Chairman of the Yad Vashem Council was evident, for example, in our enhanced teaching units on The eternal legacy of the Shoah's victims and survivors will you are a part of a Rabbinic chain." She explained to me that the subject, for use both online and in classrooms. always remain the distinct moral bedrock of Yad Vashem's my father was the 37th generation of a Rabbinic dynasty. "You The global impact of the message "Remembering the mission of remembrance. I am convinced that in a world are the 38th generation. You must continue the chain. Go." Holocaust, Fighting Antisemitism" resonated forcefully at the plagued by doubts and uncertainties, this remarkably relevant Those were her last words to me. She did not speak about historic Fifth World Holocaust Forum (WHF), conducted by legacy provides us all with inspiration and fortitude. Your forgiveness. and at Yad Vashem, under the patronage of Israel's President support, even at the most trying of times, enables us to And how could I ever forget? How could I forget the beatings, Rivlin and in partnership with the WHF Foundation. Leading the freezing cold winters, the torture and the hunger? How

safeguard the future of our essential memory. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 international experts have noted the momentous potential could I forget the suffering, the faces of the victims whose of many of the words and images that emanated from the lives were cut so short? And yet, under the most horrible Mount of Remembrance on that day. The event magnified Yad circumstances that one can imagine, I also cannot forget the Vashem's already marked prominence in the global sphere as greatness of those Righteous Among the Nations who were a leader in forging and leveraging diverse alliances on behalf like stars in the darkest of nights and risked their own lives of Holocaust remembrance. Shalom, to save others – my own life included. That – I can also never In Israel, where external indicators of Shoah remembrance forget… are frequent, our intensive educational endeavors reveal Eternal remembrance of the events that transpired during an authentic need for new means and frameworks to teach the dark years of the Shoah, that threatened to completely

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 and reach young people regarding deeper meanings of the elimate the Jewish people, remains crucial today, for me Avner Shalev Holocaust. Yad Vashem has found an enthusiastic partner personally, for the Jewish people, and for all of humanity. From Chairman of the Yad Vashem Directorate 4 5 Highlights of Visits and Commemorative Events Yad Vashem’s Activities in 2019 › 1,070,000 visitors › 750 world leaders, dignitaries and official visitors › 135 memorial services Holocaust Education › 70 events › 232,000 students from Israel and abroad attended educational programs Internet Activity › 126,000 Israeli soldiers and security force members participated in educational activities › 54,000 teachers from Israel and around the world took part in conferences and seminars › 5.4 million visits to the website in 8 languages › 22,000 worldwide participants in online courses › 34.7 million video views on YouTube channels in 8 languages since their launch › 17,000 educators, community leaders and opinion shapers attended activities held abroad › 13,500 new Facebook members; 187,500 total › 27,600 new followers on Twitter; 80,800 total Research and Publications › 27,800 new followers on Instagram; 55,000 total › 23 fellowships and awards granted to scholars › 21 international research workshops and symposia Collections › 24 new publications › 7 million new pages of documentation added to the Archives; 217 million pages total › 9th annual International Holocaust Research Book Prize › 350,000 pages of documentation digitized › 4,800,000 names now in the Central Database of Shoah Victims’ Names Artifacts and Artwork › 35,000 Holocaust-era items donated for safekeeping by 1,200 individuals › 1,150 new artifacts; 42,000 total › 10,000 photographs added to the Photo Archive; 510,000 images total 1,300 new Holocaust survivor testimonies filmed; 133,000 video, audio and written testimonies total › 430 new works of art; 12,100 total › ANNUAL REPORT 2019 › 28,000 public inquiries for archival information answered Righteous Among the Nations › 4,000 new publications in the library; 174,000 publications in 60 languages total › 670 Holocaust-related films acquired; 9,500 total › 300 individuals recognized as Righteous Among the Nations; 27,600 total › 12,600 films now searchable in the online Film Catalogue › 14th annual Award for Artistic Achievement in a Holocaust-related Film ANNUAL REPORT 2019

6 7 E DUCATION

The International School for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem serves as the primary source for education about the Shoah, offering students and educators from around the world the opportunity to learn how to teach about the topic in a way that is both meaningful and relevant. In 2019, more than 451,000 students, soldiers and educators attended programs of the International School. Expert staff work to create effective educational materials, online pedagogical tools and teacher- training activities in order to create tailor- made programs suitable for different age groups and cultures. Graduates of Yad Vashem's educational programs form a network of dedicated professionals, who continue to disseminate its cutting-edge pedagogical methodology throughout the world. 358,000 students and security force members attended educational programs Conference Attracts 1,200 Israeli Educators

Over one thousand educators from across and studying ways to continue to create Israel came to Yad Vashem on the first day of relevance and meaning in Holocaust education. 145 summer vacation to attend the International Focusing on teaching and designing Holocaust School for Holocaust Studies' eighth biennial commemoration as the events of the Holocaust seminars for Israeli educators' conference. The conference recede into history, the educators discussed educators helped participants connect to the human the challenges facing Israeli society in creating from abroad experience of both Holocaust victims and relevant forms of remembrance for today's survivors by exploring testimonies and artifacts, students.

54,000 educators from Israel Graduates Mark a and abroad Decade of Activity in received training Australia ANNUAL REPORT 2019 |

In May 2019, graduates of the Gandel Holocaust Among the Nations – with their Australian Studies Program gathered in Melbourne to granddaughter receiving a medal and certificate mark ten years of activity in Australia. The in their honor. The Paper Brigade - a film unprecedented event included lectures from exploring cultural resistance in Vilna during the leading historians in the field, diplomats Holocaust and its aftermath - was screened and representatives from Holocaust-related during the event. A highlight of the conference institutions on the topics of the use of digital was the deeply moving opportunity to connect EDUCATION resources in a world without survivors; teaching with 12 Holocaust survivors who addressed the about the perpetrators; and contemporary educators in a series of personalized workshops antisemitism. A ceremony was held marking sharing their individual and family stories of EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 the recognition of the late Johannes and Tjerke survival, and of their “return to life” journeys.

10 Wagenaar (the Netherlands) as Righteous 11 Holocaust Education Center in Negev Top IDF Staff Connect to Holocaust Remembrance Begins Expansion On the eve of Holocaust Remembrance Day, in Yad Vashem’s Artifacts Collection, participants what has become a tradition at Yad Vashem, viewed items that once belonged to Holocaust Over the past year, construction has begun saw almost 24,000 soldiers participating in the IDF General Staff Forum, led by incoming victims, as well as possessions of Jewish soldiers in earnest on a new Yad Vashem Holocaust Holocaust education programming throughout Chief-of-Staff Aviv Kochavi, came to the Mount and underground fighters. One of the highlights Education Center within the IDF Jewish Heritage 2019. The creation of a new, larger center – a of Remembrance for a special symposium. This of the day was the meeting with a former Building of the Ariel Sharon Training Campus. joint endeavor of the IDF and Yad Vashem – will year, the gathering focused on the story of Jewish Red Army fighter. Chief-of-Staff Kochavi This building will contain a first floor dedicated enable an unprecedented expansion of current Jewish fighters in World War II and the Shoah, was personally moved when the Yad Vashem to the heritage of the IDF units housed on the activities: It will incorporate exhibit spaces, with lectures about Jewish soldiers in the Archives presented him with a collection of Training Campus, with the second floor solely classrooms, auditoriums, offices and multimedia Allied armies, Jewish Brigade soldiers, and the documents and testimonies about his family dedicated to Holocaust Remembrance, creating rooms. Programming will be tailored to the story of warriors in Krakow. During a visit to during the Holocaust period. a natural connection between the history of the soldiers’ various training stages, and will include IDF and the lessons learned from the Holocaust. follow-up activities for repeat visitors. Yad The Holocaust Remembrance and Heroism Vashem's experts have spent 2019 engaged in Educational Center which currently operates intense preparation of materials and exhibition on the Campus was awarded the Chief of Staff’s content. Educational Award for Excellence in 2018 and ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | ”My soldiers can attest that the Holocaust Remembrance and Heroism Educational Center strengthened their sense of mission and the importance of protecting the State of Israel.

Staff Sergeant Shai Rubinstein EDUCATION EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

12 13 Young Leaders Pledge to Carry the Torch of Remembrance

In February 2019, 350 members of various Israeli youth movements attended the Fourteenth Youth Movements Congress at Yad Vashem. The participants, ranging from Druze youth and the Scouts to Bnei Akiva, Hashomer Hatzair and Beitar, were all taking part in a year of volunteer service. The Congress included an extensive tour of the sites and monuments on the Mount of Remembrance, as well as a joint training activity addressing the complex educational and moral questions that members of youth movements grappled with during the Holocaust. Fascinating Fostering Cooperative insights emerged from the discussions and created a bridge between the members of

Learning with the the various movements representing diverse ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | EDUCATION groups in Israeli society. The day included an Auschwitz State Musuem encounter with Holocaust survivor Eli Netzer, who as an 11-year-old boy was rescued by the activities of the Hungarian youth movement's underground. Participants were deeply moved High-level officials from Yad Vashem and the invited senior staff from a broad cross-section by his testimony and presented a letter pledging Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum met in two of the organization. The reciprocal visits helped their commitment to continue to bear the special summits in 2019. Convening in Jerusalem strengthen professional ties among senior staff, responsibility for Holocaust commemoration in in February and in Oświęcim in September, and encouraged them to develop plans for future contemporary Israeli society. staff from both institutions presented their cooperation. As leading world bodies in the field recent successful projects and discussed of Holocaust education and remembrance, major challenges they both face. Yad Vashem’s these summits provided a unique opportunity EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 International School for Holocaust Studies took for both sides to foster sustainable cooperation the initiative to coordinate the first meeting, and in various fields and projects. 14 15 New Resources to Combat Rising Antisemitism

In order to deal with rising antisemitism in the classical antisemitic tropes have evolved and US, the multimedia teaching program “Echoes are now spread using social media. In addition, & Reflections” has completely revamped its Holocaust denial and distortion are discussed ”Yad Vashem, places the human being, the "Contemporary Antisemitism" unit to include as examples of the "new" antisemitism, as well individual, at the center of the understanding new resources, strategies for teachers to deal as anti-Israel bias, which is becoming ever more of history... I follow this approach with memoirs with antisemitism in the classroom, and more prevalent. Developed by Yad Vashem, the ADL and a focus on empathy. What starts as a simple practical advice for students to speak out when and the USC Shoah Foundation, “Echoes & vocabulary lesson, evolves into a discussion on they hear or see antisemitism in their home Reflections” employs inquiry-based learning environments. The unit has been brought to encourage students to explore this subject building empathetic connections through our up to date to include a discussion of the independently, using resources curated by the studies. Charlottesville, Virginia demonstration and the program. This will encourage greater critical Lisa Berke, English teacher, New York, USA "Tree of Life" Synagogue shooting in Pittsburgh, analysis of antisemitic messages by students. Pennsylvania and presents examples of how

New Educational Journey to Poland for Druze Teachers

In July 2019, a group of Druze history back in Israel, where they had the opportunity First-Ever Educational Seminar for Communal Rabbis ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | educators visited Poland on the first-ever such to discuss the importance of their visit to trip organized by Yad Vashem. During the six- Poland and plans to incorporate what they had day journey, the 25 participants discussed learned in their classrooms. In the aftermath A weeklong seminar held in June 2019 aimed to historical issues as well as their educational of this successful program, other Druze communities. In addition, there were several empower community rabbis to better present implementation, while looking into ways to educators have expressed their willingness to opportunities for participants to familiarize the topic of the Holocaust by providing them connect the Druze community to Holocaust- take part in future similar trips. themselves with modern-day Israel. A highlight effective tools to engage community members related themes. The journey, which was of the seminar was when Chairman of the Yad and connect them to their Jewish identity. The Vashem Council Rabbi Israel Meir Lau met Rabbi

preceded by a two-day preparatory seminar at EDUCATION seminar focused on helping rabbis develop the Yad Vashem, also included components that J.J. Schacter in the Holocaust History Museum skills needed to create educational curricula connected the visit to the personal beliefs in front of the picture of Rabbi Lau as a child in and content for Shoah studies in their adult of the Druze community. The experience Buchenwald. In the photograph, young “Lolek” education programs and congregations, and culminated with a meeting of the participants Lau is seen listening to his liberator, Rabbi EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 to deliver that content in the most compelling Herschel Schacter – Rabbi J.J. Schacter’s father. way possible, tailored to their respective 16 17 Turkish High-School Students Become Agents for Memory

Mobile Education Unit on Rescue during the Holocaust

During 2019, a new mobile education unit in Hebrew dealing with rescue during the Holocaust was created for use in Israeli middle schools. Students are invited to explore, discuss and connect with the information in a hands-on manner, providing a meaningful alternative to frontal learning in the classroom setting. After viewing a short, animated film that introduces

the topic of rescue, the class is divided into ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | small groups, each of which examines suitcases The modularity of the units allow them to be containing pictures, documents, testimonials ” adapted to all students. My special education class, In July 2019, the first-ever educational seminar from an area in Turkey that has been influenced and various objects. Through clues in the which includes teens with physical disabilities, is for Turkish high-school students was held at by nationalist and religious extremism during accompanying texts, the students delve into the Yad Vashem. The seminar was spearheaded recent years. The seminar aimed to equip them stories to try and uncover what the stories have easily able to participate. by a local educator who is a graduate of a Yad with a deeper knowledge and understanding of in common, what makes them unique, and what Chana, high school teacher from Givat Shmuel, Israel Vashem professional development program the Holocaust, and empower them to positively challenges were faced by both the rescued and who also coordinates non-mandatory activities influence their wider communities, including rescuers. The students are challenged to gain a related to Judaism and Holocaust studies in the university communities they will join in the better understanding of the types of assistance EDUCATION the school. It included tours of the Holocaust coming years. As agents of memory and history, provided by individuals, organizations and History Museum and the Yad Vashem campus, the students form part of a larger link in the underground groups to Jews during the Shoah, educational workshops, visits to Jerusalem and chain of Holocaust remembrance, ensuring its and examine the motives of the rescuers that EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 other parts of Israel, and informal meetings renewal and relevance for future generations. prompted them to endanger themselves for the with Israeli youth. The young participants come sake of their fellow human beings. 18 19 School Alumni Meet to Discuss Challenges Ahead

A conference for Yad Vashem Alumni took Holocaust education specifically in the FSU. place in Lithuania with the participation of The conference emphasized Lithuania in order fifty educators, including teachers, staff in to memorialize one of Eastern Europe's most the education departments of museums, and vibrant prewar Jewish communities, which was academics from the Former Soviet Union – representative of the history of the Holocaust Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Lithuania, in the USSR. It also aimed to create a common Latvia, Kyrgyzstan and Estonia. The conference platform to keep the subject relevant for future organizers chose the participants from over 300 generations of Russian-speaking students, and applicants based on their educational projects to create an opportunity for the participants to and initiatives, and focused on challenges in share their experiences.

Connecting Youth from Around the ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | World

Annually, a wide range of young leaders from all youth and youth leaders also visited Yad Vashem over the world take part in various educational through their schools, summer camps, youth tours and activities organized by Yad Vashem, movements, and universities. For the second designed for a variety of audiences, nationalities consecutive year, a delegation of Lithuanian and languages. During 2019, these groups high-school students came to Yad Vashem for EDUCATION included approximately 57,000 "Birthright" a seminar, which included tours of the Valley of participants. While the majority of "Birthright" the Communities, the Yad Vashem Campus and groups are from North America, Yad Vashem also Holocaust History Museum, as well as hearing a EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 hosts students from Turkey, Eastern Europe, and Holocaust survivor's testimony. Scandinavia. This year, approximately 26,000 20 21 Prisoners Take Part in Discourse on the Holocaust E-LEARNING For the third consecutive year, a unique meaningful discourse among prisoners, and to educational training program for Israeli prison strengthen their sense of belonging when they inmates was held in collaboration with the are reintegrated into society. Yad Vashem’s International School for Holocaust Studies stands at the forefront of Israel Prison Service. Eight projects were held in educational technology, providing innovative digital materials for a global audience. The prisons throughout Israel, with inmates – both School offers educators advanced online pedagogical tools to teach about the Holocaust Jewish and non-Jewish – voluntarily participating in their classrooms in a meaningful and relevant way, as well as user-friendly online in workshops and guided discussions about the programs on a range of topics for society at large. Holocaust. They also attended workshops with art or creative-writing instructors, and produced artwork using various techniques, including posters for exhibitions and for educational activities around Holocaust Remembrance Day. Examining Central Issues The study groups consisted of both Jews and non-Jews, who were incarcerated for various in Holocaust History offenses. For many of the participants, who come from complex and challenging backgrounds, the workshops engendered high interest, openness A new course entitled “Chosen Issues in Holocaust and curiosity. The project aims to create a History” has gone online on Israel's "CampusIL"

educational platform. The course features ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | discussions by leading Holocaust historians about key topics concerning the Holocaust and its background, including antisemitism, the Weimar Republic, the Nazi rise to power, the evolution and substance of the Nazi worldview, and the Society has made tremendous efforts to ” lives, responses and possible courses of action rehabilitate me and I feel how much I need to available to German Jews under Nazi occupation. respond to that and contribute to the rehabilitation The course also deals with the victims’ lives – how Jews functioned in the face of ubiquitous 22,000 EDUCATION of others. I believe that what we have learned will death, what life was like in the camps, and more. make us better people. participants It presents and discusses the topic of liberation, which brought about the end of the war and in online Inmate, Neve Tirtza Prison EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 the Holocaust, as well as the beginning of the courses survivors’ long journey to rebuilding their lives. 22 23 Exploring the Fate of Balkan and North African Communities during the Holocaust

Over the years, Yad Vashem has increased its the Holocaust," offers participants a journey of research into World War II and the Holocaust seven lessons, during which they may explore in the Balkan States and North Africa, collecting the large and magnificent Jewish communities testimonies and developing educational that existed for centuries in Yugoslavia, Greece programs and testimonials on the subject. How and North Africa, and explore their experiences did Jews lived in their communities before the and fate during WWII. The course, which may be occupation? How did they cope with decrees and found on the "CampusIL" platform, part of the deportations and murder? How did World War II "Digital Israel" national initiative, features leading influence Jews in the various areas of occupation? researchers in their field, and is accompanied by A new online Hebrew-language course called archival materials, documents, testimonies and "The Destiny of Jewish Communities during maps.

Short Films Examine Notable Figures from the Holocaust ”This course has been ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | very informative, particularly in relation During 2019, Yad Vashem produced six short for survival. They feature Holocaust-era photos to contemporary issues films about a number of well-known Jews who and archival footage, as well as pedagogical around antisemitism. lived in different places during the Holocaust. For questions to ponder. After viewing one or all of No matter what laws different reasons, each of these figures – Anne the films, teachers are encouraged to discuss are enacted, I believe Frank, Janusz Korczak, Mordechai Anielewicz, Elie different ideas with their students – unique education is still the key to Wiesel, Primo Levi and Abba Kovner – has become expressions of mental fortitude, the human a symbol of the Holocaust, whether for engaging spirit during the Holocaust, and contending EDUCATION better understanding and in physical warfare against the Germans, or for with challenges. Educational materials, such as prevention of all forms of creating art, taking action or dreaming, despite lesson plans and articles related to each of the discrimination. the impossible reality of life. The films illustrate figures, are provided for teachers and students EDUCATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Lorraine Ball, MOOC the stories of these individuals, who fought a who are interested in further expanding their Participant personal war in the collective Jewish struggle knowledge about each of the figures presented. 24 25 R EMEMBRANCE

During 2019, over one million people visited Yad Vashem on Jerusalem's Mount of Remembrance to learn about the cataclysmic events of the Holocaust, commemorate the victims, and pay tribute to the survivors. Almost half of these visitors received guided tours of the campus, including heads of state, participants on some 750 official visits for dignitaries, and delegations from a variety of cultures and nationalities. In addition, Yad Vashem held 70 events in conjunction with Holocaust survivor and next-generation organizations, as well as some 135 memorial services.

Over 1 million people visited Yad Vashem Fifth World Holocaust Forum Makes History at Yad Vashem

At the invitation of the President of the State of Israel, some 50 members of royalty, presidents, prime ministers and parliamentary leaders from Europe, North America and Australia attended the Fifth World Holocaust Forum on 23 January 2020. Organized by the World Holocaust Forum Foundation in cooperation with Yad Vashem, the Forum, entitled “Remembering the Holocaust, Fighting Antisemitism,” took place in a specially erected marquis in Yad Vashem's Warsaw Ghetto Square. The Forum was held in advance of the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz- Birkenau, and the UN-sanctioned International Holocaust Remembrance Day on 27 January. This historic occasion took place against the background of the rise in hateful and violent expressions of antisemitism, especially in Europe and North America. Given this alarming situation, efforts to educate about the dangers of antisemitism, racism and xenophobia and foster Holocaust commemoration, education and research are more crucial and relevant than ever. REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

28 Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Highlights of 2019 Official Visits Remembrance Day 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 |

750

tours for REMEMBRANCE world leaders, dignitaries and official visitors REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

30 31 Design Competition for Holocaust Seminar Examines Berlin’s Wartime History Remembrance Day

The winner of the national competition to design the official poster for Holocaust Remembrance Day 2019 was Itamar Magid, 25, of Tel Aviv, a first-year student in Visual Communications at Shenkar College, and the grandson of Holocaust survivor Moshe Magid. The poster features three paper boats, representing various types of documentation: writing, painting and music. The historical baggage these boats carry is still "alive." The reflection of the boats in the water creates both a Yellow Star and a Star of David, attempting to convey a sense of the past, as well as belonging to the future. The paper boats sail on quiet waters, which, for many years, were tempestuous. They

carry memories from a distant place, painful and ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | sad, but they face a better future – of hope and dreams. A lesson plan based on the poster was distributed to schools across Israel. In Berlin, history seems to be resurrected on the he could employ Jews with visual and physical streets, viewed from every building and reflected disabilities with the purpose of saving them. He in every home. In July 2019, Yad Vashem was later recognized as Righteous Among the organized a five-day seminar for guides and Nations for his rescue efforts. other interested parties highlighting the city's

The seminar also included echoes of the dark REMEMBRANCE Jewish past. Participants visited the magnificent Nazi past manifested in the buildings that Jewish cemetery in Weissensee; the Great served the Nazi administration, as well as the Synagogue; the restored monument of Moses many memorials spread throughout the city. Mendelssohn; the "Monument to the Missing The in-depth tour shed light on the process of House"; and the Otto Weidt Museum. Weidt was designing remembrance in Germany, and how REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 a visually impaired German who established that is expressed today. a brush factory during the Holocaust, so that 32 33 OUTREACH TO THE ISRAELI PUBLIC

A range of activities were offered during 2019 as part of Yad Vashem's efforts to engage the Israeli public in cultural and educational enrichment events throughout the calendar year.

Behind the Scenes at Yad Vashem:

Special Tours ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | Exploring Monuments and Art on for the Public the Mount of Remembrance

On Holocaust Remembrance Day, the Mount of Remembrance. The tours included general public was invited to take a rare a unique visit to the Archives, focusing on the During the summer and fall of 2019, special involved in uncovering the stories behind the glimpse behind the scenes of Yad Vashem’s process of preservation and digitization; a special guided tours were conducted on the Mount items; and "Memory Carved into Stone” explored REMEMBRANCE ongoing commemoration, educational and view of short animated films that touched on of Remembrance for the general Israeli public. how architectural design has served as a vehicle documentation efforts. Yad Vashem experts the personal experience of the Holocaust from "Behind the Camera's Lens" looked at the for the expression of Holocaust remembrance presented archival documents, works of art and a contemporary perspective; fascinating stories "Flashes of Memory" exhibition; "Broken Puzzle" since the establishment of Yad Vashem in the artifacts not usually on display, and explained of Righteous Among the Nations; and a lecture and "Final Portrait" involved visits to Museum of 1950s to the present day. Special tours for special projects and challenges faced daily by on the development of antisemitism through Holocaust Art and the Synagogue, focusing on Jewish holidays were also held, focusing on how REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Yad Vashem in order to illustrate the wide range the ages. the management and preservation of the Art and Jewish law and customs were marked during the of endeavors undertaken year-round on the Artifacts Collections, as well as the challenges Holocaust. 34 35 Seminar Addresses Jewish Time during the Holocaust

135 memorial services held

Memorial Event for 10 Tevet ANNUAL REPORT 2019 |

The Hebrew date 10 Tevet was set in ancient included a fascinating lecture by Rabbi Dr. Benny During the holiday of Hanukkah in December the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. The increasing times to mark the beginning of the siege by Lau on "The Power of the Kaddish: The One 2019, Yad Vashem held a special seminar difficulty in maintaining a normal Jewish life turned Nebuchadnezzar over Jerusalem. In modern and the Whole." After the lecture, Rabbi Tamir entitled "Anenu Beyom Korenu". The seminar the Jewish calendar into a symbol: a reminder of times the Chief Rabbinate of Israel set the date Granot and clarinet player Hilik Frank performed allowed members of the Israeli public to closely the world before the war, a source of meaning as a memorial to the destruction of the Jewish REMEMBRANCE "I'll Wait for Him: Melodies Arising from the examine the topic of the Jewish calendar during in a reality that was rapidly deteriorating, and a communities during the Holocaust. Today it Ashes of the Holocaust," accompanied by other the Holocaust. For Jews of all generations, the hope for redemption and a brighter future. On also serves as a general memorial day for those musicians. The works had been composed and concept of time and the yearly calendar cycle has the Jewish holiday of heroism, redemption and whose date of death is unknown, including many sung during the Holocaust, and the moving served as the basis for observance and Jewish light, the seminar sought to connect with the Holocaust victims. and meaningful stories behind the music were identity. The Holocaust era posed enormous sparks of life, dedication and faith that remained shared with the audience. REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 To mark 10 Tevet this year, Yad Vashem invited physical and spiritual challenges to the desire to strong among the Jews during the Holocaust, the public to attend a special event. The evening continue to keep track of prayer times, as well as against all the odds. 36 37 Survivors: Faces of Life after the Holocaust COLLECTIONS In January 2020, a new exhibition entitled individuals – in the same way, using special "Survivors: Faces of Life after the Holocaust" lighting and photographing in extreme close- AND EXHIBITIONS opened in the Ruhr Museum in Essen, Germany, up. The result in this case is compelling portraits in the presence of German Chancellor Angela that capture the weathered faces of Jewish men Merkel. The exhibition is the fruit of a cooperative and women who lived through the atrocities of Yad Vashem's unique collections of original artifacts and artworks belonging to Holocaust project between Yad Vashem and award- the Holocaust. Accompanying the portraits are victims and survivors provide the cornerstone for the displays in the Museums Complex – winning portrait photographer Martin Schoeller. messages from the survivors for the generations the Holocaust History Museum, the Museum of Holocaust Art and the Synagogue – as well The commemorative venture presents images of to come. A book of the images and inspirational as its temporary and traveling exhibitions. These authentic items are essential tools that 75 Holocaust survivors from Israel, to mark the messages was also published. The exhibition is help convey the narrative of the Holocaust in a broad, historical context, while focusing 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz. being offered for display in museums throughout on individual and personal stories from the period. German-born Schoeller photographs all his Europe and the rest of the world. subjects – whether public figures or anonymous “New on Display” in the Museum of Holocaust Art ANNUAL REPORT 2019 |

A "New on Display" section opened in Yad Vashem's Museum of Holocaust Art ahead of Holocaust Remembrance Day 2019, presenting in a POW camp in Germany, where he concealed the public with drawings and sketches acquired his Jewish identity; discover the outset of designer by Yad Vashem in recent years. The pieces on Dan Reisinger's artistic path as a child in occupied exhibit were drawn by artists from a variety Yugoslavia; and contemplate the artwork Henri of countries – France, Romania, Yugoslavia,

Epstein left behind in a village in France after he REMEMBRANCE Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Poland and even was arrested and deported to Auschwitz. Many Tunisia – and represent a wide range of of the pieces arrived in poor condition due to environments and styles. Fascinating life stories the circumstances in which they were created are revealed through the diverse works, and can and stored. Yad Vashem conservation experts be read in the accompanying texts. spent a considerable amount of time treating REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 In the new section, for example, visitors can and preserving the sketches and the drawings, 38 explore the everyday life of Maximilian Feuerring before readying them for display. 39 THE ARTIFACTS COLLECTION THE ART COLLECTION

Yad Vashem’s Artifacts Collection is comprised of over 42,000 items connected to the Yad Vashem's Art Collection, the largest and most wide-ranging collection of its kind devastating events of the Holocaust. Since Yad Vashem’s establishment, gathering in the world, includes 12,100 pieces, most of which were created during the Holocaust. genuine artifacts has been part of the process of commemorating the destruction of These works demonstrate the strength of the human spirit under the harshest of European and North African Jewry during the Shoah. The many personal effects in circumstances, and represent a living testimony of Jews during the Holocaust through the collection disclose the individual stories of people, families and, at times, entire an awesome creative power. The artists who produced them – in ghettos, in camps and communities forever lost to the Jewish nation. in hiding – used their tools as instruments of expression and defiance during the most devastating period in their lives in order to leave a trace of their existence for posterity.

French-Polish Survivor Artworks Enrich Collection Hidden Gold Locket

Commemorates Dutch During 2019, Yad Vashem’s Art collection was of Polish Artists and Writers (ZZPAP) and a co- enriched by a unique collection of 22 paintings founder of the avant-garde movement "The Holocaust Victims and drawings by French-Polish artist André Krakow Group." With the outbreak of WWII, ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | Blondel. The works, donated by the artist's Blondel joined the Polish army in France. He later daughter, allow for a fuller understanding of found shelter in Aix-en-Provence with the help the life story of Blondel from the outbreak of of the French underground. After liberation, he A gold locket once belonging to Sofia Cohen of war until liberation and his artistic development returned to intensive Arnhem in the Netherlands was recently donated during these years. Despite living in hiding under painting activity until his to Yad Vashem. Sophia (née Wolf) was born in conditions of isolation, loneliness, and in a state death in 1949. 1867, and later married Jonas Cohen of Arnhem. of fear and trepidation, Blondel found the will The couple had five children. On Hanukkah in and reason to live through his artistic activity. REMEMBRANCE 1942, Sofia was transported to Westerbork, André Blondel was born in Czortków, eastern and shortly afterwards deported to Auschwitz, of Sophia's parents and her children, Shlomo, Galicia, as Shaye Sasza Blonder. After completing where she was murdered at the age of 75. After Caroline and Simon, who were also deported high school, he traveled to Paris, where he the war, Sophia's daughter Eva discovered her and murdered. Sofia’s granddaughter decided studied architecture at the National School of mother’s gold locket, which had been hidden in to donate the pendant to Yad Vashem as a Fine Arts. He also attended the Krakow Academy REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 the courtyard of her house just before she was memorial to her grandmother and a testimony of Fine Arts, and was a member of the Union deported. Inside the pendant were photographs to the fate of Dutch Jews during the Holocaust. 40 41 Yad Vashem and YAD VASHEM ONLINE Facebook Join Forces to Remember Holocaust Yad Vashem's website continues to reach a vast global audience, with 5 million visits from around the world during 2019. Comprehensive sites in English, Hebrew, French, Spanish, Victims German, Russian, Farsi and Arabic are helping meet the ever-growing demand for reliable and accurate Holocaust-related information. Yad Vashem's dynamic presence in social media – 187,500 members on Facebook, and a growing audience on Twitter, Pinterest This year, to mark International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2020, Yad Vashem launched and Instagram – offers an unprecedented opportunity for rapidly communicating ideas, its IRemember Wall in six languages — English, imparting relevant content, and engaging with and connecting to a broad and diverse Hebrew, French, Spanish, German and Russian. public who can immediately share the information with thousands more. The participatory online project encourages the general public worldwide to remember the Holocaust by randomly matching individuals with a victim from the Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names. Partnering with Facebook International to promote the project on social media, over 85,000 victims were commemorated by people from some 175 countries around the ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | world in their own languages. This year, the IRemember Wall had a new feature: After being matched with a victim from the Names Database, participants could then choose additional names of Holocaust victims to add to the Wall. They were also encouraged to share information about the individuals they commemorated on Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest. REMEMBRANCE

Thank you for giving me a place to acknowledge” the individual and not just the statistics

Catherine Fisher, Canada, on Facebook REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

42 43 1939: Jewish Families on the Brink of War NEW ONLINE EXHIBITIONS The German invasion of Poland on 1 September and collections, which Holocaust survivors and 1939 marked the beginning of WWII. To mark relatives of the victims have given to Yad Vashem the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the war, to preserve for posterity. The exhibition shows “Love Her Like a Mother” Yad Vashem uploaded a new online exhibition the unfathomable gap between life before the that presents the fate of Jewish families in the Holocaust and the fate of Jewish people during Holocaust beginning in 1939. The stories are its devastating events. Last Letters from the based on items from the Yad Vashem Archives Holocaust: 1944

A collection of letters from the Yad Vashem Archives has recently gone online in the fourth ”"Many people of my birthplace Thessaloniki do not even know about the Jewish past of the city and and final installment in a series of online all their fellow citizens that were humiliated and murdered. We shall never forget, but some did not exhibitions showcasing last letters from Jewish even start to remember. Showing faces and telling about lives and loves is a way to remember. men, women and children murdered in the Konstantinos Lazaridis, on Facebook Holocaust. Most of the letters were donated

to Yad Vashem as part of the “Gathering the ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | Fragments” campaign. They were sent from countries across the European continent to relatives and friends from homes, hiding places, ghettos, jails and camps. Written in a variety of languages – Italian, German, Dutch, Hungarian, French and Russian – these missives are often the sole evidence that the person existed, and they make it possible to tell the stories of individuals in the Holocaust and give its victims a REMEMBRANCE name, a face and a memory. REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

44 45 New Exhibition Launched for International Children's Day

New Online Exhibitions in French, German and Russian

In keeping with efforts to create meaningful and relevant content for an ever-growing global audience, a number of new online exhibitions featuring timely and meaningful subjects were uploaded to the Yad Vashem website during ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | 2019. The exhibitions included stories of Jewish Approximately one-and-a-half million Jewish Yad Vashem launched a new online exhibition women who fought in the Red Army, which was children were murdered in the Holocaust; few in November 2019, entitled "Children in the uploaded in Russian for International Women’s survived. Unbelievably, as they struggled to Holocaust." The exhibition features children's Day; "Back to School" – a visual overview of hold on to life, many Jewish children attempted toys, games, artworks, letters, diaries and children in educational frameworks before, to maintain their childhood and youth by albums, all carefully preserved in Yad Vashem's during and immediately after the Holocaust creating a different reality for themselves from collections, and which appear across the (in Russian and French); "Last Letters from

that which surrounded them. In many cases, Yad Vashem website as part of other online Children during the Holocaust," (in French) for REMEMBRANCE it was the children who gave their parents the presentations on a variety of Holocaust-related International Children's Day; and an exhibition encouragement and hope to continue their topics. In addition, the new exhibition brings on the "Oneg Shabbat" Archives (in German). desperate daily fight for survival. testimonies from survivors who shared their REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Ahead of International Children's Day, and to childhood experiences from before, during and answer the high demand for material on the immediately after the Holocaust. experience of Jewish children during the Shoah, 46 47 Greek Rescuer Reunites with RIGHTEOUS AMONG Descendants of Jewish Family THE NATIONS Two Holocaust survivors now living in Israel were Mordechai were born in Veria, Greece, a small reunited with their Greek rescuer in the Hall of town with 600 Jewish residents near Thessaloniki. Since Yad Vashem first embarked upon the worldwide project to recognize non-Jews Names at Yad Vashem in November 2019. The Due to the heroism and sacrifice of both the emotional reunion took place in the presence of Gianopoulou and Axiopoulos families, most who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust, more than 27,600 individuals some 40 descendants of the survivors who are of the immediate Mordechai family members have been granted the title of Righteous Among the Nations. The honor is a unique and alive today because of heroic actions taken 76 survived the war. Yad Vashem recognized unprecedented attempt by the Jewish people to pay tribute to people who stood by their years ago. Survivors Sarah Yanai and Yossi Mor Melpomeni Dina as Righteous Among the side at a time of persecution and great tragedy. met with Melpomeni Dina (née Gianopoulou), Nations in 1994. Members of the Gianopoulou one of the people who helped save their lives and Axiopoulos families were recognized a few during the Holocaust. Siblings Sarah and Yossi years earlier in 1989. 300 individuals recognized as Righteous Among the Nations ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | REMEMBRANCE REMEMBRANCE | ANNUAL REPORT 2019

48 49 DOCUMENTATION

The most comprehensive collection of Holocaust-era documentation in the world – 217 million pages – is housed in the Yad Vashem Archives. Efforts to make the wealth of information gathered by Yad Vashem available to an ever-growing worldwide audience remains a priority as the demand for readily available resources continues to rise. The Archives continue to develop relationships with international institutions 7 million resulting in the sharing of information with pages of documentation added various international institutions, further propelling the growth of the Archives' holdings. International Cooperation Online Archive Offers Easier Bolsters Archival Collections Access to Documents

In February 2019, some fifty experts representing France during WWII from the Mémorial de la thirty different organizations worldwide gathered Shoah museum in Paris. This amended list is at Yad Vashem for a three-day workshop on now complete, and replaces an older version the topic of Holocaust Victims’ names. The already housed at Yad Vashem. Additionally, Yad seminar offered the opportunity for exchange Vashem signed a groundbreaking agreement of professional expertise and the continued with the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, development of mutually beneficial relationships. under which copies of documentation and data Sessions included the presentation of Yad on Shoah victims will be exchanged between the Vashem’s new "clustered" records in the Names two leading organizations. In November 2019, Database and its half-century partnership with the first shipment of copied documentation for the Arolsen Archives In addition, several new the Auschwitz Museum's archival collections and surprising sources of documentation were was received by Yad Vashem, which included uncovered. In a special ceremony during the file cards and photos of inmates who were workshop, Yad Vashem received an updated transported from Mauthausen, and lists of list of all the Jews who were deported from "death certificates" of Auschwitz inmates. ANNUAL REPORT 2019 |

217 million pages of

documentation DOCUMENTATION A new interface for the Online Documents part of Yad Vashem's "Gathering the Fragments" housed in the Archive now presents some three million pages campaign. The Hebrew/English interface Archives of scanned documentation in a visually engaging arranges pertinent technical information format. Searches are conducted using simple side-by-side with the documentation. The and relevant keywords, with quick document hierarchical placement of the document in retrieval. More than 100 different kinds of archival the archival "tree" is available for viewing as

DOCUMENTATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 collections are now available for viewing, which well, enabling researchers and others to locate include documents received more recently as additional relevant documentation. 52 53 4.8 million names in the online Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names Experts Address the Use of Documentation ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | in the Digital Era New Online Interface Connects Documentation for Individual Victims What constitutes an "original source"? How to share their approaches and viewpoints can documentation in the digital era be regarding the status of the "original source" in authenticated? These and other issues formed the digital age. Topics broached included the the basis for a recent experts' workshop, authenticity, accessibility and use of Holocaust The most well-known sources in Yad Vashem's In many cases, multiple sources appear for a DOCUMENTATION entitled "The Source – Holocaust Sources: archival sources; the academic use of digital Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names given person, which have now been collated Truth, Interpretation and (Mis)Use in the Digital versus original sources; methodologies for are the commemorative Pages of Testimony. together for easier research purposes. So far, Era." In November 2019, experts from Europe, ensuring trust in digital archives; dilemmas of However, the online Names Database includes Yad Vashem has succeeded in creating hundreds North America and Israel – researchers, physical conservators; preserving context in the hundreds of other sources, such as electronic of thousands of "clusters" using advanced archivists, cataloguing and technology digital world; and ethical dilemmas regarding the records from other organizations, lists from methodological and technological tools. The experts, conservation experts, documentary boundaries of manipulation of materials, social Yizkor (memorial) books, and archival registers. updated interface of the online Names Database

DOCUMENTATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 creators, and education and communications media campaigns and more. In the vast majority of cases, only one source can display these clusters, or one source at a professionals – gathered at Yad Vashem appears for each victim in the Names Database. time, according to the user's preference. 54 55 ”I hope to find the place where [my mother's] grandparents were murdered and buried. But even if I am not successful, it is important that their memories be preserved at Yad Vashem.

Sergei Prokopo, great- grandson of Avraham and Golda Branovsky

Eastern Europe: A Trove ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | Online Arolsen Archives Launched of Missing Names with Yad Vashem Technology During 2019, Yad Vashem received several one of Golda and Avraham Branopolsky’s four Pages of Testimony, together with a hand- children, and he sent the information to his drawn map with heartrending inscriptions. sister Katya, who had been evacuated during DOCUMENTATION More than 13 million documents from the been working closely with the ITS/Arolsen “Sketch of execution site where the German the war. Pages of Testimony for Avraham and Arolsen Archive (formerly the International Archives for nearly half a century, from scanning barbarians shot our parents in the outskirts Golda were completed by Sergei Prokopov, a Tracing Service, ITS) can now be explored online copies of documentation concerning the fate of of the city of Novogeorgievsk [Ukraine] on 9 great-grandson of Avraham and Golda. Work using Yad Vashem's powerful search platform. Jewish victims, to augmenting Holocaust-related January 1942,” it read. The map was drawn by continues to uncover the more than one million The state-of-the-art technology allows for fast documentation and now making it available Yaakov Branopolsky, a Red Army soldier who still-unknown names of Holocaust victims, a data management and extended place and worldwide to enhance Holocaust research and reached his hometown of Novogeorgievsk in large number belonging to Jews who lived in the

DOCUMENTATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 name search, resulting in an easily accessible, study. March 1944, where he discovered the tragic Soviet Union during the Holocaust. user-friendly online archive. Yad Vashem has fate of his parents and other Jews. Yaakov was 56 57 Survivor Testimony Thank you. This last Sheds light on the Life while in hiding in villages in southern France ” November I travelled during WWII. Naomi’s father Leo was one of the to Israel and gave Yad of a Young Girl in Hiding leaders of the Jewish Scouts in France (EIF). Just weeks after helping his wife and three children Vashem letters my father escape to Switzerland, he was deported to received from his family in Drancy and murdered in Auschwitz. After the Poland. None survived, but "I remember fear. They told us that if we didn’t war, Naomi and her family immigrated to Eretz thanks to 'Gathering the behave nicely, they would leave us all alone. Israel. Dr. Cassuto’s story joins the vast corpus I remember the red faces of the farmers. We Fragments' their words and of 133,000 eyewitness testimonies that enable wandered around everywhere with forged experiences will be forever researchers today, as well as future generations, documents in case we got lost, and with remembered. to familiarize themselves with the individual chocolate and a kind of cracker so we would stories that make up the broader picture of the Renie, on Twitter have something to eat.... I remember my father’s Holocaust. This is part of Yad Vashem's ongoing hand, reaching out to me from above.” efforts to record, collect and preserve survivor In these fragments of memory, Dr. Naomi testimonies and to make them accessible to the Cassuto (née Cohen), describes her childhood public at large. 35,000 items Last Letter ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | collected from the Front

When the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, in Nazi-occupied areas, eventually rejoining Moisey Berezovsky was conscripted into the Red the Red Army. On 8 March 1943, Moisey fell in Army, leaving behind his wife Rachel and two battle. Rachel and her daughters returned home DOCUMENTATION 1,300 young daughters Maya and Esphyr in Gomel, to Gomel at the end of the war. In 1990, Moisey’s new Belarus. When Gomel was attacked, Rachel and daughters immigrated to Israel. As part of the her daughters managed to escape the burning "Gathering the Fragments" Project to collect testimonies city to Samara before the Germans arrived. One personal items from the Holocaust era, Esphyr filmed day, she miraculously received a letter from entrusted his last letter to Yad Vashem where, Moisey describing his capture and subsequent together with its story, it will be kept safe for

DOCUMENTATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 rescue. Rachel's beloved husband had escaped generations to come. several times and wandered for over six months 58 59 FILMS

Yad Vashem’s Visual Center serves as the world’s primary repository of Holocaust-related I would like to thank films of all genres. Among the many works are those concerning Jewish life between the two ” Yad Vashem for all the World Wars, the Holocaust period, postwar antisemitism, genocide, and other associated assistance I received, topics. Among the many works attained in 2019 are local and foreign feature films, award- from locating materials winning documentaries, television programs, short films and amateur movies. The Visual and converting [the Center serves as a vital resource for filmmakers, researchers and the general public format] to beneficial worldwide. advice and knowledge in countless topics.

Yossi Bloch, Film director Winner of the 2019 12,000 Avner Shalev Chairman’s

Films in the ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | Award Online Film Database

The 2019 Avner Shalev Yad Vashem Chairman's Netflix Series Raises Holocaust Awareness Award was granted at the Jerusalem International Film Festival to the film Heimat is a Space in Time (Germany, Austria 2019). "Through In November 2019, a special screening was held by Israel’s Educational TV. The series, viewed DOCUMENTATION a fascinating combination of cinematic media – in cooperation with Yes Studios and Netflix of by millions of people worldwide on Netfilx, narrative, visual, and sound, together with letters, two episodes of the series “The Devil Next Door,” has helped raise awareness of the Holocaust archival documents, and recordings – director documents in his own voice, Heise has created attended by the series’ director Yossi Bloch. on a global scale. It provides an additional Thomas Heise presents a profound family a powerful cinematic experience that serves to The screening was the highlight of a three-year opportunity for discourse not only regarding the portrait, reflecting the relationship between the perpetuate the memory of the Holocaust by joint project with Bloch to preserve the video events themselves, but also for the responsibility events of the Holocaust, and the way in which looking consciously at the past in order to lay documentation of the trial of former Sobibor of both individuals and society for the atrocities

DOCUMENTATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 they are remembered in the present," concluded the foundations for a new perspective on life in death camp guard Ivan Demjanjuk. The original perpetrated during the Holocaust. the jury. "By reading both familial and official the present." footage had been deposited at Yad Vashem 60 61 New Lecture Series THE LIBRARY Offers Authors’ Insights

With over 174,000 titles in some 67 languages, the Yad Vashem Library is the most In May 2019, the Yad Vashem Library launched comprehensive collection of published material about the Holocaust. The books on its a series of lectures about new acquisitions, shelves and in its carefully monitored storage facilities range from research volumes to presented by the authors themselves. The poetry, and from Holocaust-era Nazi publications to survivor memoirs. Dedicated Library first author in this initiative was Uwe Westphal, staff keep a keen eye out for new publications relating to the Shoah and its aftermath a former fashion reporter and art historian that are released around the world, and thus maintain the Library's name as the ultimate who has spent decades researching the resource in Holocaust-related works. Jewish fashion industry in Berlin from the mid- nineteenth century up until the outbreak of WWII, and whose latest book, Fashion Metropolis Berlin 1836-1939: The Story of the Rise and Tracing Her Family austere Hungarian culture with her determination Destruction of the Jewish Fashion Industry, was to peel away layers of history to reveal a fascinating recently donated to the Yad Vashem Library. History tale of a Jewish family's fall from the highest graces to the misery of the concentration camps In his fascinating lecture, Westphal described – resulting in a gripping new novel Where the how at the turn of the twentieth century, Berlin Angels Lived: One Family's Story of Exile, Loss, and became the hub of the world fashion industry, During a 2008 trip to Jerusalem for a "Writers Return. Her determination to fill out the missing and was 90 percent Jewish-owned. By the Gathering," American author Margaret McMullan information on Richárd's Engel de Jánosi's Page early 1930s, Jewish fashion firms began to be found herself in the Library Reading Room at Yad of Testimony at Yad Vashem is finally fulfilled, but targeted, a boycott of the industry was imposed, Vashem. On a whim, she entered the name of not until her life and identity are forever changed. and a great many of the businesses were closed her mother's Hungarian branch of the family, the The book was published in 2019 and McMullan or expropriated by "Aryan" businessmen. Engel de Jánosis family, and was surprised to find personally presented it to the Yad Vashem Library. Even more shocking is the use of labor and the name of a relative who was murdered during concentration camp prisoners by German firms the Holocaust. McMullan had never heard of this to design and manufacture clothing during relative, and was curious to discover more. This WWII. Westphal bemoaned the fact that the chance event led her on a five-month journey younger generation is often completely unaware of discovery in her ancestral hometown of Pécs, of this shameful part of their country's heritage. Hungary, accompanied by her husband and He expressed his hopes that his book will “put 4,000 teenage son. the record straight” about this integral part of publications added to the Holocaust history. DOCUMENTATION | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 McMullan skillfully weaves together her family's Library's collection challenges in accustoming themselves to the 62 R ESEARCH

Yad Vashem's renowned International Institute for Holocaust Research stands at the forefront of scholarly study of the Holocaust era. Through groundbreaking research initiatives, the Research Institute helps lay the foundations for thorough investigation and analysis of the catastrophic events that took place during the Shoah. It strives to develop innovative research projects, strengthen cooperative relationships with other research institutes, nurture young academics and create an atmosphere that fosters comprehensive scholarly discourse. 21 international workshops and symposia International Workshop Investigates the Marking of Jews during the Holocaust

Yad Vashem's International Research Institute held a three-day international research workshop in July 2019 on the marking of Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Holocaust. The workshop tackled a topic not yet investigated to its fullest extent, and strove to encourage an exchange of views between the participants. Many features of markings differed from country to country – the shape and style of The the "Jewish badge," where it was worn, and how comprehensively the decree was implemented. Holocaust Topics included differences in implementation in cities of certain countries in Europe and in the Soviet North Africa due to local factors; consequences of enactment of the decree in occupied and Union in unoccupied zones of France; the legends of King Christian X of Denmark and the King of Morocco Real Time wearing the Yellow Star in unity with their Jewish ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | citizens; and the reaction of children and teens to being forced to don a Jewish mark. The Jewish markings – also including clothing and workshop also presented several micro-historical prisoner tags – during WWII was launched on How did people in the Soviet Union react to 1941–1953,” the conference primarily focused accounts, enabling researchers to understand Yad Vashem's website. the events of the Holocaust during WWII and on how Jewish and non-Jewish intellectuals, more localized contexts and thus coming to in the years following? This topic was the focus writers, cinematographers, painters, folklorists more in-depth insights, often changing previous of the fourth annual international conference and actors in the USSR responded to the news assumptions. A new online display of different organized by the Moshe Mirilashvili Center for of the horrific events occurring throughout RESEARCH Research on the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, Europe. Despite the official Soviet narrative of Yad Vashem's International Institute for that emphasized the killing of the Jews as Soviet Holocaust Research, in December 2019. Entitled citizens and not as Jews, jewish writers and

RESEARCH | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 “The Holocaust as Reflected in Public Discourse artists still managed to transmit Jewish ideas in the Soviet Union during the Stalinist Period, and concerns in their writings. 66 67 Deportation Database Continues to Expand

Yad Vashem's "Pan-European Deportations villages in the Wartheland (a region established Database and Research Project" aims to by the Germans in October 1939 in the part of reconstruct all the transports that took place Poland that was annexed into the Reich) to the during the Holocaust from territories of the Third Łódź ghetto and to the Chełmno death camp Reich, countries under German occupation, and – among them thousands of children, as well so-called "Axis" and "satellite" states. During as the physically and mentally disabled. The 2019, one hundred transports were researched research includes the collection and analysis and uploaded to the Deportation Database on of primary and secondary sources, testimonies the Yad Vashem website. An additional one and postwar legal material. The synthesis of all hundred transport descriptions were added these various types of sources presents a broad to the online guide of the website – bringing overview of the transports, while emphasizing the number of entries to 1,442. Most of these the personal experiences of the victims. Examining entries describe the deportations from ghetto Religious Institutions and Jews in

Hiding During ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | the Holocaust

The hiding of Jews in religious institutions in religious institutions common in all countries? throughout Nazi-occupied occupied Europe These and related issues were at the center of during the Holocaust was historically an enlightening international workshop held RESEARCH unprecedented. This phenomena raises many at Yad Vashem, co-organized with the United questions that are still mostly unanswered. On States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) in what level was conversion compulsory for staying July 2019, which revealed many misconceptions

RESEARCH | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 in an institution? Did convents and monasteries held on the topic, and varied issues that call for primarily hide children? Was the hiding of Jews re-evaluation. 68 69 Regaining Faith 2019 International Book Prize in Humanity: Awarded for Scholarly Publication The Diaries of ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | Yehuda Bacon In November 2019, Yad Vashem's International Holocaust on a local level, examining the nature Book Prize for Holocaust Research in memory of the encounter between the perpetrators and of Benny and Tilly Joffe, z”l, was awarded to the victims. Omer Bartov for Anatomy of a Genocide: The A book launch and research symposium on created over 240 notebooks describing what he In her book, Tokarska-Bakir maps out the daily Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz (Simon the postwar diaries of renowned artist and went through during the war and the process experience of anti-Jewish violence in postwar & Schuster, 2018), and Joanna Tokarska-Bakir Holocaust survivor Yehuda Bacon took place of his rehabilitation through heartbreaking Kielce. Offering a close reading of hundreds of for Pod Klątwą: Społeczny portret pogromu in September 2019 under the auspices of prose and powerful drawings. The first volume, personal accounts, including the voices of Jewish RESEARCH kieleckiego (Cursed: A Social Portrait of the Kielce the Research Institute’s Diana Zborowski The Cold Shower of a New Life: Postwar Diaries victims, she established a model paradigm in the Pogrom) (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Czarna Owca, Center for the Study of the Aftermath of the of a Child Survivor, is part of a series of Bacon’s study of antisemitic violence in general, and in 2018). At the awards ceremony, Bartov gave a Holocaust. During WWII, young Yehuda Bacon journals to be released, and in the course of Poland in particular. RESEARCH | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 fascinating address, in which he used the town of became determined to share the events he was 2020 two additional volumes from his diaries Buczacz in Eastern Europe as an example of the experiencing. Between the years 1945-2015, he written immediately after the war are due to be 70 71 published. Memoir of a Rabbi in Hiding

In November 2019, the International Research and the unique challenges they faced. The diary Institute held a book launch and seminar for the joins the growing body of published documents Holocaust-era diary: Though a Candle of Piety Still and research that deals with Jewish and religious Burns Within Me: Diary of a Scholar from Dukla life on the verge of destruction during WWII. (Heb.) (Yad Vashem and Jerusalem College, 2019). The memoir was written by Rabbi Yosef Guzik, a young Torah scholar, while in hiding in the attic of a Polish famer located near his hometown of Dukla, located in the Lwow region. Written Comprehensive in eloquent Hebrew, the diary serves both as documentation and commemoration of Jewish Annotated Collection life in the town of Dukla. Rabbi Guzik brings to life the town's celebrations and sorrows, as well as its community leaders and individual members, of Holocaust-era allowing them to be remembered for posterity. Documentation The symposium, held under the auspices of the Yad Vashem's Center for Research on the Holocaust in Poland and the Holocaust Research Center of the Michlalah-Jerusalem College, The first two English-language volumes Institute for Holocaust Research. The challenges addressed the history of commemoration of the most comprehensive collection of pertaining to accurate English translation and ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | of individual Jewish communities since the documentation from the Holocaust period annotation of the documents – originally written nineteenth century; and rescue attempts and the were published during 2019. The Persecution in more than 20 languages – are addressed and hiding of observant Jews during the Holocaust and Murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany, reviewed by an international editorial board, 1933-1945, originally compiled and published comprising the editors of the German edition in German, includes 16 volumes with 5,280 and leading researchers from Yad Vashem, documents, and contains an expansive and the UK and the US. The board also reviews representative selection of primary sources. The the detailed forewords that accompany the original project was conceived by the Institute documents, the glossaries and the indexes. RESEARCH for Contemporary History in Munich, Freiburg During the coming year, two additional volumes University, the Free University of Berlin and in the series are scheduled to be published. The the German Federal Archives. This version is a Research Institute is currently translating those

RESEARCH | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 joint project of the above-mentioned German documents originally written in Hebrew and partners and Yad Vashem‛s International Yiddish. 72 73 Beyond the Things Themselves: Economic Aspects YAD VASHEM PUBLICATIONS of the Italian Race Laws (1938–2018)

In this important study, Ilaria Pavan analyzes the economic aspects of antisemitic Part of the International Institute for Holocaust Research, Yad Vashem Publications persecution in fascist Italy. Exposing the persecutory intentions and mechanisms disseminates new and innovative Holocaust-related research that influences Shoah of the Italian regime, she discusses the long series of provisions, decrees and remembrance and academic investigations. Each year Yad Vashem Publications releases laws that severely afflicted the Jewish community. The rigorous application of dozens of new titles in a variety of languages. These include works focusing on research, the rules, including the expropriation of property, exclusion from workplaces documents and memoirs. and professions, and then the confiscation and looting of personal possessions, left the Jews emotionally and economically shattered. For Italian Jews, the road to reintegration and the return of seized properties at the conclusion of the war was long and difficult, characterized by contradictory and insufficient laws, lack of empathy by clerks, and general indifference to the violations suffered during the “We Think of You as an Angel”: Shaul Weingort and long years of persecution. Based on many sources – government documentation, letters and survivors’ memoirs – Pavan depicts in detail both the persecution and the Rescue of Jews During the Holocaust the reintegration stages, and devotes ample space to the voices of the victims.

Shortly before WWII broke out, Shaul Weingort, a young Polish rabbi, arrived in Switzerland to live with the family of his future wife. Although only in his mid- twenties, Rabbi Weingort was already regarded as a brilliant scholar. In the years Starting Anew: The Rehabilitation of Child Survivors that followed, Weingort sent letters to many of the greatest minds of the Jewish of the Holocaust in the Early Postwar Years world. The topic of those letters, however, was not Talmudic interpretation or Jewish ANNUAL REPORT 2019 | law; they were meant to save lives. Rabbi Weingort’s extended family was among millions of Jews who had come under German rule as a result of the occupation of In Starting Anew: The Rehabilitation of Child Survivors of the Holocaust in the Early Poland. The rabbi began to send aid packages with food, medication and religious Postwar Years (edited by Dalia Ofer and Sharon Kangisser-Cohen), a range of items. When the deportations to death camps began, however, foreign citizenship scholars examine the process of rehabilitation of child survivors of the Shoah became the only way to escape. In this book, Sara Kadosh sheds light on Weingort’s efforts to create an in various European countries and North America. The authors researched aid network that delivered sustenance, South American passports, and hope to his family and hundreds areas including - medical assistance to those suffering from physical illness, of other Polish Jews in an attempt to save their lives. Rabbi Weingort died tragically in 1946, and until now the return of Jewish youngsters from non-Jewish families and institutions, and his story was largely unknown. the provision of adequate housing and resources to surviving children. As RESEARCH it sheds light on the efforts made and strategies employed to help in the 24 rehabilitation of these young child survivors, the book may also provide important insights for the carers of the millions of children today who are

RESEARCH | ANNUAL REPORT 2019 new publications looking for ways to restore hope and instill resilience in young innocent victims of suffering as a result of war and violence. 74 75 at the heart of Yad Vashem on the Mount of other was buried in The Moshal Shoah Legacy Remembrance in Jerusalem, will house The David Campus. The items in Yad Vashem's Collections and Fela Shapell Family Collections Center, the – including 217 million pages of documentation, Joseph Wilf Curatorial Center, the renovated 12,100 original artworks and 42,000 artifacts David and Ruth Mitzner Auditorium, the – are the building blocks of accurate Shoah Auditorium lobby for temporary exhibitions, the remembrance, allowing Yad Vashem to pass on new Family and Children's Exhibition Gallery, the the stories of their creators and owners for future Legacy Sculpture Garden and the Legacy Plaza. generations. In appreciation of the vital role of Yad Vashem, Yad Vashem would like to convey its gratitude Martin and Ilana Moshal, in addition to their to the Moshal family for their strategic donation Lead Gift to endow the Campus, have also during these difficult and uncertain times, and generously endowed the Archival Repository to all its partners in The Moshal Shoah Legacy for Yad Vashem's original archival documents Campus. in The David and Fela Shapell Family Collections Center, which will include state-of-the-art intake, conservation and storage facilities for Yad Vashem's unrivalled collections of artifacts, artworks and archival materials. The State of Israel, Yad Vashem and Yad Vashem's Following the ceremony – which included a ” Friends guarantee that the memory and meanings performance by the Sheba Children's Choir – of the Shoah will live on for generations to come stakeholders signed two copies of a Scroll of Breaking New Ground: Dedication. One was kept in Yad Vashem, and the Natan Sharansky at the groundbreaking ceremony Construction Begins on The Moshal Shoah Legacy Campus

During 2019, a groundbreaking ceremony was of the American Society for Yad Vashem, and ANNUAL REPORT 2019 held for Yad Vashem's new Moshal Shoah Legacy Chairman of the Society of Friends of Yad Vashem Campus. Attending the ceremony were former in Germany Kai Diekmann spoke on behalf of Yad Chairman of the Jewish Agency Natan Sharansky, Vashem Friend Societies in Europe. Ambassadors of Germany and Austria to Israel, The Moshal Shoah Legacy Campus was recently Campus supporters, representatives of Yad generously endowed by Martin and Ilana Moshal, Vashem Societies worldwide and Holocaust originally from South Africa, in memory of Ilana’s survivors. Stressing the importance of partnering relatives, distant cousins of the Moshal family and ANNUAL REPORT 2019 with Yad Vashem in this vital endeavor, Yad all others who were murdered in the Shoah. Vashem Benefactor Jane Wilf spoke on behalf 76 The Moshal Shoah Legacy Campus, to be built 77 Public Representatives 2019 Senior Staff

Rabbi Israel Meir Lau Chairman of the Council Avner Shalev Chairman of the Directorate Dr. Moshe Kantor Chancellor of the Council Dorit Novak Director General Dr. Yitzhak Arad Vice-Chairman of the Council Dr. Alexander Avram Director, Hall of Names Lital Beer Director, Libraries Department Dov Gilboa Chairman of the Finance Committee Shaya Ben Yehuda Managing Director, International Relations Division Joseph Horowitz Chairman of the Comptrolling Committee Dr. Ella Florsheim Editor-in-Chief, Yad Vashem Publications Justice Jacob Türkel Chairman of the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous Dr. Haim Gertner Director, Archives Division Among the Nations Fred Hillman Chair of Holocaust Documentation Elinor Kroitoru, Adv.* Deputy Director, Archives Division Zohar Neumann, Adv.** Prof. Dina Porat Chairman of the Academic Committee Yossi Gevir Director, Governmental and External Affairs Department Zvika Yochman Chairman of the Building Committee Gadi Giladi Director, Maintenance Department Jacob Danon Chairman of the Human Resources Committee Dr. Eyal Kaminka Lily Safra Chair of Holocaust Education Director, International School for Holocaust Studies Calanit Ben Haim Deputy Director, International School for Holocaust Studies Members of the Yad Vashem Directorate 2019 Shulamit Imber Pedagogical Director, International School for Holocaust Studies Fred Hillman Chair in Memory of Janusz Korczak Shmuel Aboav Adv. Tamar Peled Amir Inbal Kvity Ben-Dov Director, Commemoration and Community Relations Division Yossi Ahimeir Avner Shalev Orly Nir Deputy Director, Commemoration and Community Relations Division Daniel Atar Baruch Shub Michael Lieber Chief Information Officer, Information Technology Division ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Dr. David Breakstone Dalit Stauber Irit Agmon Deputy Director, Information Technology Division Dr. Zehava Tanne Abraham Duvdevani Yaniv Oren Director, Israel Friends of Yad Vashem Erez Eshel Dr. Laurence Weinbaum Dr. Iael Nidam-Orvieto Director, International Institute for Holocaust Research Prof. Boleslaw (Bolek) Goldman Adv. Shoshana Weinshall Lilach Shtadler Deputy Director, International Institute for Holocaust Research Moshe Ha-Elion Dudi Zilbershlag Iris Rosenberg Spokesperson and Director, Communications Division Adv. Shlomit Kasirer Lilach Tamir-Itach Deputy Director, Communications Division ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Yehiel Leket 78 79 * outgoing **incoming Dr. David Silberklang Senior Historian, International Institute for Holocaust Research Editor-in-Chief, Yad Vashem Studies Directors, International Relations Division Ayala Cohen Director, Human Resources and Administration Division Searle Brajtman English Language Desk Dr. Joel Zisenwine Director, Righteous Among the Nations Department Sara (Sari) Granitza Christian Friends of Yad Vashem Vivian Uria Director, Museums Division Yifat Bachrach-Ron Deputy Director, Museums Division Miry Gross French-Speaking Countries, Benelux, Greece and Italy Desk Elisha Weinberger Chief Financial Officer Perla Hazan Latin America, Spain, Portugal and Miami Spanish-Speaking Desk Arik Rav-On* German-Speaking Countries and German Swiss Desk Ruth Ur** German-Speaking Countries Desk Jeremy Weiss US Desk Prof. Yehuda Bauer Academic Advisor Adv. Arie Zuckerman Diaspora Affairs Desk and Special Advisor to the Chairman of the Directorate Prof. Dan Michman Head of the International Institute for Holocaust Research Incumbent of the John Najmann Chair for Holocaust Studies * outgoing **incoming Prof. Dina Porat Chief Historian ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ANNUAL REPORT 2019

80 81 Expenditures 2019 Expenditures Financial Highlights 2019 Maintenance Other Implementation of 2019 Budget, unaudited

2019 Revenues Education Revenues Resource Development 13% 1%

Funds & 26% Donations Research 7% 52% Government of Israel 7% Funds & Donations

34% 8% 52% 17% Management 9% 12% Documentation Technological Infrastructure

Remembrance 12%

2% NIS (000) Department Activities Education 52,033

Rent & Other Documentation 34,352 Remembrance 23,597 Technological Infrastructure 17,560 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 NIS (000) Management 15,654 Government of Israel 67,795 Research 13,753 Department Activities 23,682 Resource Development 13,793 Rent and Other Income 4,242 Maintenance 26,987 Funds & Donations 103,572 Other 1,562

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Total 199,291 NIS Total 199,291 NIS 82 83 Latin American Friends of Yad Vashem, Miami Canadian Society for Yad Vashem Yad Vashem Societies and Friends Worldwide President: Dr. Paulina Altaras National Chair: Fran Sonshine 3201 N.E. 183th Street, Apt. 907 Executive Director: Jonathan Allen Aventura, FL 33160 265 Rimrock Road, Suite 218 Yad Vashem is deeply grateful for the dedicated work and fundraising efforts of its Friends Societies across USA Toronto, ON M3J 3C6 every continent of the globe. The activities, events and awareness-raising endeavors of our partners are Canada crucial to our shared mission of spreading Holocaust remembrance and education worldwide. Australian Friends of Yad Vashem Tel: +1-416-785-1333 President: Joey Borensztajn Fax: +1-416-785-4536 2 Huntingfield Road [email protected]

American Society for Yad Vashem American Society for Yad Vashem – Toorak, VIC 3142 Chairman: Leonard Wilf Western Region Australia Costa Rican Association for Yad Vashem Executive Director: Ron B. Meier, PhD, z"l* Western Region Director: William S. Bernstein Tel: +61-3-9229-9639 President: Philip Unger Stanley H. Stone** 11766 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 840 [email protected] Apartado 1208-1250, Escazú 10201 Chief Development Officer: Eillene Leistner* Los Angeles, CA 90025-6538 San José, Costa Rica Amy Cooper** USA Friends of Yad Vashem in Austria 500 Fifth Avenue, 42nd Floor Tel: 424-273-4460 Chairperson: Günther Schuster New York, NY 10110-4299 Fax: 424-273-6217 Blütenstr. 18/B2 USA [email protected] 4040 Linz Tel: +1-212-220-4304 www.yadvashemusa.org Austria Fax: +1-212-220-4308 Tel/Fax: +43-732-716822 [email protected] Christian Friends of Yad Vashem [email protected] www.yadvashemusa.org US Representative: Reverend Mark Jenkins 8701 Ridge Rd Brazilian Association for Yad Vashem Richmod, VA 23229 Contact Person: Marcio Pitliuk ANNUAL REPORT 2019 USA [email protected] *outgoing **incoming Tel. +1(833) 239-8872 [email protected] ANNUAL REPORT 2019

84 85 French Friends of Yad Vashem Society of Friends of Yad Vashem in Spanish Association for Yad Vashem Yad Vashem UK Foundation Chairman: Pierre-Francois Veil Liechtenstein President: Samuel Bengio Chairman: Simon Bentley 33 rue Navier, 75017 Paris, France President: Dr. Florian Marxer Genova 15 3D 46 Albert Rd. Tel: +33.1.47 20 99 57 Gerberweg 1 28109 Madrid, Spain London NW4 2SG Fax: +33.1.47 20 95 57 9490 Vaduz [email protected] United Kingdom [email protected] Liechtenstein Tel: +44 20 8359 1146 Telefon: +41 79 529 48 37 Swiss Friends of Yad Vashem Fax: +44 20 8359 1201 Society of Friends of Yad Vashem in Germany Fax: +41 23 235 82 82 President: Joel Herzog [email protected] Chairman: Kai Diekmann [email protected] 8 rue de l'Est www.yadvashem.org.uk Director: Ruth Ur 1207 Geneva, Switzerland Joachimsthaler Str. 13 Mexican Association for Yad Vashem Tel: +41.22.736 28 24 Venezuelan Association for Yad Vashem 10719 Berlin President: Dra. Eva Lijtszain Fax: +41.22.736 28 25 President: Tomas Osers Germany Asociación Yad Vashem de México [email protected] Calle Mariño. No. 8. Qta Tomi. Los Palos Tel: +49-30-81825928 Av. de los Bosques 292-B Grandes. Fax: +49-30-81825935 Lomas del Chamizal Caracas-Venezuela-1060 [email protected] México www.yad-vashem.de Friends of Yad Vashem in the Netherlands Friends of Yad Vashem in Israel Chairperson: David Simon Chairperson: Israela Artzi, Adv. Marathonlaan 71 Director: Yaniv Oren 1183 VC Amsterdam [email protected] Netherlands Tel: +972-2-6443417 Tel: +31.6.55 80 40 21 Fax: +972-2-6443419 [email protected]

[email protected] ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Panaman Association for Yad Vashem President: Dalia Perelis de Gateño Oficinas de La Garantia Invest in Your Heritage – Join Yad Vashem's Legacy Circle Av 1ra Parque Lefevre Let your estate plans ensure that the memory of the Shoah is passed on to future generations. Apt. 7347, Zona 5 By including Yad Vashem in your estate plans, you guarantee a future that confronts denial and Panama indifference. To learn more about legacy giving please visit: www.yadvashem.org/legacy or e-mail: ANNUAL REPORT 2019 [email protected] 86 87 "We would like to extend a warm welcome South Africa and Ukraine annually, and has to Yad Vashem's newest Benefactors. The over 300 alumni. He believes that inequality in growing commitment to Yad Vashem every education caused by financial circumstances year inspires us to maintain our continued is one of the greatest ongoing tragedies, and dedication to this institution. In an era of that education is the most effective route out of rising antisemitism and Holocaust distortion, poverty. Martin encourages his scholars to give we trust that Yad Vashem will continue to back to others however they can, whenever and find ways to prioritize Holocaust education wherever they have the opportunity. worldwide. We commend all those who Martin has made significant contributions to have contributed to this vital mission, and Israel not just through his scholarships, but also encourage others to join Yad Vashem's Circle by supporting technology companies through of Friends." the SigmaLabs start-up accelerator and the Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Bar-Lev High Tech Park, which will bring 5,000 jobs to the Western Galilee. In 2017, Martin received an Honorary Doctorate from the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, and in 2018 he was awarded an Honorary Fellowship by The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Martin’s wife Ilana, a children’s clothing designer by profession, was born in Jerusalem in 1979. At the age of 11, she moved to South Africa with her family. Ilana’s paternal grandparents survived the Shoah, but three of Ilana’s great- New Torchbearers grandparents and her great-uncle were murdered during the Holocaust. Martin and Martin and Ilana Moshal Ilana have four children: Joseph, Zoe, Nellie and Bella. Martin Paul Moshal, an entrepreneur and formula for success, other than hard work,

philanthropist, was born in Durban, South Africa motivation, a lot of patience and no small Martin and Ilana have generously endowed The the Holocaust in order to remember the past ANNUAL REPORT 2019 in 1970. He graduated from the University of amount of luck. “I was lucky enough to have Moshal Shoah Legacy Campus as well as the and thus shape the future. Their donation is Cape Town with a degree in Business Science, been given two things that, more than anything Archival Repository which will house all of Yad the third largest single donation in the history and has been engaged in the development and else, helped me on the road to success: a good Vashem's original archival documents. Their of Yad Vashem, and it is our distinct privilege commercial expansion of a range of businesses. education, and the support and encouragement endowment is in memory of Ilana’s relatives, to welcome Martin and Ilana Moshal as Yad Today, Martin is a successful long term investor of my family to believe in myself.” distant cousins of the Moshal family and all Vashem’s first “Torchbearers.” and is involved in several technology companies, others who were murdered in the Shoah; In 2009, Martin founded the Moshal Scholarship including a number of start-ups. and in support of the vital role Yad Vashem ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Program, which supports some 1,000 financially plays in preserving the physical evidence of Martin firmly believes that there is no secret disadvantaged university students in Israel, 88 89 New Visionaries New Pillars

Jay and Barbara Hennick The Asper Foundation

Yad Vashem welcomes Jay and Barbara Hennick The Asper Foundation, which has supported educators and students from over 70 countries as new members of its Circle of Visionaries. educational activities at Yad Vashem since have benefitted from the Program's exceptional 2002, became Yad Vashem Pillars in 2019. The support since its inception. Member of the Order of Canada and Canada’s Asper International Holocaust Studies Program “Entrepreneur of the Year” (1998), Jay S. Hennick originated from the vision of Dr. Israel H. Asper, has been involved in innovative occupations since who shared his concerns for the future of his teenage years. He is the founder, chairman Holocaust education and awareness with Yad and controlling shareholder of FirstService Vashem experts, leading to the conception of Corporation, and the chairman, chief executive a major global outreach program at the then- officer and controlling shareholder of Colliers fledgling International School for Holocaust International Group Inc. Studies. Barbara Hennick is the daughter of Holocaust In the almost two decades since, the Asper survivors, Nathan Gray (né Grajcar) from Będzin, International Holocaust Studies Program at Yad Poland and Irene Gray (née Tuvel) from Munkács, Vashem has developed targeted programming Czechoslovakia. She is a chartered accountant, through joint decisions by the Foundation’s who has worked in industry and with numerous Trustees and the Yad Vashem Directorship charitable organizations. In this benevolent regarding which projects of the International spirit, Jay and Barbara Hennick founded the School are in most need of support. Among others, Jay and Barbara Hennick Family Foundation, a the Asper Program incorporates professional philanthropic institution committed to supporting development programs, worldwide outreach organizations in the fields of healthcare, education projects, expert international engagement, and the arts. and support for Yad Vashem’s international ANNUAL REPORT 2019 “As a child of Holocaust survivors, I learned educational conferences. The closing session firsthand about its impact on the human spirit," of each international conference was dedicated says Barbara. “The work that Yad Vashem to the memory of the late Dr. Israel Asper, and undertakes towards advancing Holocaust now his wife Ruth (Babs), to perpetuate the education today and in the future will ensure memory of the Program's founders. Speakers that the meanings of the Holocaust will never at the Asper closing sessions have included be forgotten, and will enable future generations world-renowned professors and lawmakers, ANNUAL REPORT 2019 to insist on a more tolerant, compassionate and heads of state, members of parliament and 90 inclusive society." UNESCO ambassadors. Tens of thousands of 91 Daimler AG New Benefactors Deutsche Bahn AG During 2019, Daimler AG provided financial support for the Deutsche Bahn is an international mobility and logistics construction of Yad Vashem's new Shoah Legacy Campus. company that employs some 320,000 people worldwide. Borussia Dortmund political education have long been the cornerstones The car manufacturer has dealt with its own history in a Founded as a joint stock company in 1994, it united the committed and intensive manner, and assumed moral GmbH & Co. KGaA of BVB's multifaceted commitment. With regard to former East and West German railways during a fundamental the crimes of the German Nazi administration, BVB responsibility for the forced labor used in its factories rail reform. during the Holocaust. Beginning in the early 1980s, the The German-based Borussia Dortmund (BVB) is one wishes to make its contribution to the enormous company opened its corporate archives for scientific A predecessor organization of today's Deutsche Bahn, the social responsibility of ensuring that the memory of the largest sports clubs in the world, with more research. Subsequently, two publications on the company's Reichsbahn, played a significant role in the deportation of of the Shoah is passed on to future generations. than 30 million fans worldwide. The fans' chant – "All history from 1933 to 1945 and forced labor at Daimler- European Jews to their deaths. Deutsche Bahn is well aware generations, men and women, all nations are united "Remembrance can never be temporary – it must Benz were published. The company’s activities during the of this shameful history, and remains committed to fighting by Borussia" – reflects the defining values of BVB: never come to an end," says BVB's spokesperson. Holocaust period are also addressed in the Mercedes- antisemitism and racism. "Supporting the establishment of the Collections unity, openness and tolerance. To this end, BVB works Benz Museum in Stuttgart. For many years, and until today, By supporting the construction of the Collections Center Center in the new Shoah Legacy Campus at Yad against right-wing extremism and discrimination Daimler seeks open dialogue with contemporary Holocaust in the new Shoah Legacy Campus, Deutsche Bahn wishes in a long-term and in-depth manner: a fan-based Vashem was therefore a logical consequence of the witnesses and their descendants. In light of this, Daimler to help perpetuate the memory of the lives and fates of initiative fights discrimination in a multitude of ways; work we have done over the past decade. Beyond AG supports activities that commemorate the Holocaust Holocaust victims for years to come. The Campus's state- BVB-employees receive educational training; and bringing people together, our mission is to preserve period, and helps humanity learn from history. In recent of-the art storage and conference facilities will allow Yad BVB's partners and sponsors cooperate on these the stories and voices of the Holocaust victims in years, Daimler AG has supported various projects to Vashem to collect, conserve and present the personal help keep Holocaust memory alive, including the “Action important subjects. These vital initiatives are brought order to learn from history and prepare ourselves for testimonies, artifacts and documentation that together Reconciliation Service for Peace," which is committed to together under the motto “United by Borussia," present and future challenges. We stand united with make up the rich mosaic of Jewish life before, during and working toward reconciliation and peace, as well as fighting creating an extensive network to stand up for a Yad Vashem, united in remembrance, united against immediately after the Shoah. Duetsche Bahn is honored to racism, discrimination and social exclusion. The expansion be a partner in this crucial mission. diverse society that rejects racism, antisemitism, and antisemitism." of Yad Vashem is a project that Daimler AG is proud to all other forms of discrimination. support, ensuring that the company continues to recognize Remembrance projects and activities for historical- its past while promoting Holocaust remembrance today and for the future.

Deutsche Bank AG Haim Koren, z"l internment, the couple came to Israel and made their home ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Commemoration, documentation, research and tendencies. in Kfar Saba. The life of Haim Koren, Holocaust survivor and dear friend of education are the pillars on which Yad Vashem "Taking a stand to prevent the spread Yad Vashem, was intricately connected to the bitter fate of the Whoever Haim met was enamored by his love of all living was founded. Deutsche Bank, the leading bank in Jewish community of Czernowitz during the Holocaust. His things; his concern and devotion to his fellow human being of protectionist Germany with strong European roots and a global close relatives died from illness and starvation during 1941, was his guiding light. Having been educated with these values network, recognises its historical responsibility. By and populist tendencies is vital future generations leaving Haim the sole survivor of his family. During WWII, he as a child, he acted accordingly his entire adult life. Despite the supporting Yad Vashem, Deutsche Bank illustrates need to know the extent of suffering that human was conscripted to the Red Army and fought bravely against many travails he endured, Haim had a great sense of humor its commitment to promoting intercultural beings are capable of inflicting on others. We the Nazis. After the war, he was incarcerated in Siberia by the and enjoyed life enormously. He believed wholeheartedly must not tolerate intolerance," Duetsche Bank's Soviets due to his desire to immigrate to Israel. He stayed true in the vigorous efforts of Yad Vashem to ensure the future ANNUAL REPORT 2019 understanding, tolerance and peaceful coexistence – which are key to halting the rise of nationalist spokesperson says. to this dream, while his wife Siddy (Sheva) waited patiently for commemoration of the Holocaust by studying its history, its 92 him to return home safely. Following his release from Siberian roots and its ramifications. 93 Prof. Dr. Jan Philipp Reemtsma, The Hamburg Foundation Borussia Dortmund GmbH & Co. KGaA, Germany PATRONS OF PILLARS for the Advancement of Research and Culture, Germany Alex & Vera Boyarsky and Family, Australia THE MOUNT OF The Caesarea Edmond Benjamin de Rothschild Anonymous, Switzerland Rachel & Sam Boymel z”l, USA REMEMBRANCE Foundation, Israel Anonymous, UK Braman Family Foundation, USA Marilyn & Barry Rubenstein and Family, USA Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson, USA The Asper Foundation, Canada Dame Vivien Duffield, Clore Israel Foundation, UK Cheryl & Haim Saban, USA The Estate of Bernard Aptaker z”l, USA Stephanie & David J. z”l Azrieli and The Azrieli Foundation, Jan & Rick Cohen, USA The Edmond J. Safra Foundation, Switzerland Canada-Israel The Sima Conrad z”l Trust, USA Dr. Heinz E. & Editha Samson z”l, Switzerland-UK Marilyn & Jack Belz, Sarah & Phillip Belz z”l, USA The Estate of Halina Cypel z”l, USA TORCHBEARERS Rochelle & Henryk Schwarz, USA Amy & Robert Book and Family, USA Susanne & Jan z”l Czuker, USA Tina z”l & Steven Schwarz, USA Martin & Ilana Moshal, Australia Sady & Simy Cohen and Family, Venezuela Daimler AG, Germany The Archie Sherman Charitable Trust, UK The Crown Family, USA Victor David, Canada Galia & Axel Stawski, USA VISIONARIES Leslie & Anna Dan, Canada Deutsche Bahn AG, Germany Stanley & Bea Tollman, UK Gale & Ira Drukier, USA Deutsche Bank AG, Germany Seweryn Wasserstrom z”l, USA Steven Baral, USA European Jewish Fund, Luxembourg The Estate of Romaine Efros z”l, USA Brenda Weil Mandel & Louis Frock, Erna Weil Leiser z”l, Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah, France David z”l & Sara Marysia Feuerstein, Chile Dov (Boris) & Rachel Eisenstadt z”l, Betty USA The Joseph Gottdenker Family, Canada The Genesis Philanthropy Group, Russia Eisenstadt & Romeo Finder, Canada Audrey & Zygmunt Wilf, USA The Jay and Barbara Hennick Family Foundation, The Danek Gertner Foundation, Austria Evelyn y Jaime Ellstein y Familia, México Jane & Mark Wilf, USA Canada Dr. Max z”l & Gianna Glassman, Canada Rochelle & Maks z"l Etingin, USA Diana & Eli Zborowski z”l, USA Franz Karl Hess z”l, Switzerland Eva & Arie Halpern z”l, USA Anne & Isidore Falk & Michael David Falk The Estate of Fred Hillman z”l, USA Foundations, USA Gladys & Sam z”l Halpern, USA Dana & Yossie Hollander, Israel BENEFACTORS Ford Foundation, USA Sharon & David Halpern, USA Mr. & Mrs. Moshe Kantor, Russia Abraham (Abe) Franck z"l Trust Keren Hayesod in honor of John & Pauline Gandel AC, Anonymous, Argentina

Maxi Librati z”l, France Australia Claire Friedlander z”l, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Anonymous, Israel Miles S. Nadal and Family, Canada The Klarman Family Foundation, USA Rose & Philip Friedman, USA Anonymous, Spain The Gerald Schwartz and Heather Reisman Ruth z”l & David z”l, Mindy & Ira Mitzner and Families, USA The Estate of Martha-Sarah & Edmond-Abraham Foundation, Canada Anonymous, USA-Israel Friedmann z”l, Israel The Alfred Freiherr von Oppenheim Foundation, Germany David z”l & Fela Shapell Family, USA The Ted Arison Family Foundation, Israel Ivonne & Samuel Geller z”l Mexico Marilyn & Jack H. Pechter and Family, USA Beth & Leonard Wilf, USA The Estate of Joseph & Vivette Baharlia z”l, France Arie, Dor, Eitan y Yair Geller-Leizorek, México Ariel y Vicky Picker e Hijos Alan, Uri y Tali, México Elizabeth & Joseph z”l Wilf Family, USA David Berg z”l, USA David & Malke Gorodzinsky, Mexico ANNUAL REPORT 2019 The Pisar Family in memory of Dr. Samuel Pisar, France Judith & Harry Wilf z”l Family, USA The Estate of Bonya & Moshe Borushek z”l, Israel In Honor of Eugenia & Jakub Halbreich, Brazil 94 95 Gustavo & Thereza Halbreich, Brazil Michael & Laura Mirilashvili, Israel Jaime & June Woldenberg and Family, Monterrey Mexico Zofia & Josef z”l Landau, Venezuela Doris y Justino Hirschhorn y Familia, México Ruben y Toby Mischne y Familia, México The Wolfson Family Charitable Trust, UK The Estate of Werner Lowey z”l, USA Jona Goldrich z”l and Family, USA Cecile z"l & Edward Mosberg, USA The Estate of Rachel & Meir Yaskil z”l, Israel The Estate of Hawiwa Liberman z”l, Israel Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation, USA The Moskowitz Family in Memory of Henry Moskowitz z”l, Ruta & Felix z”l Zandman, USA Esther & David Mann, Betty & Jerry z”l Breslaw – The Gutwirth Family Fund, Israel USA Caslow Foundation, USA The Najmann Family, UK The Marc Rich Foundation for Education, Culture Helene and Joseph Habermann z”l and Family, TRUSTEES Germany The Noaber Foundation, the Netherlands and Welfare, Switzerland-Israel Dayenu Ltd, Gail & Colin Halpern, USA Esther & Isaac Querub, Spain The Estate of Magda Margolis z”l, USA Anonymous, Mexico Fanya Gottesfeld Heller z”l, Beth & Ben Heller, Dr. Raquel & Edmundo z”l Safdíe, Brazil The Schwarzbaum Family, Austria Anonymous, Spain Jacqueline Heller, USA Mrs. Lily Safra, Switzerland Ted Slavin, USA Anonymous, USA (2) Selma Gruder Horowitz z"l and Family, USA Eric & Sheila Samson and Family, Israel Smetanitch Family, Israel Renata & Murray Alon, USA International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, Israel Andor & Margaret Schwartz z”l, Australia The SNCF, French Railways, France The Estate of Robert & Jacqueline Arouet z”l, France Julia & Isidore Karten z”l and Family, USA Lilly & Nathan Shapell z”l, Vera & Paul Guerin, USA The Steindling Family, Austria-Israel Annie Averbuch, France Marcos z”l & Adina Katz, Mexico Gloria & Szulem (Sol) Silberzweig z”l and Family, USA Sadia Sultan y Perla Asseraf Sultan, Venezuela The Estate of Pessia-Pnina Berson z”l, Israel Mireille & Harvey Katz, USA Ernest & Helen Singer, Miguel & Beth Singer, Barry & Nelly The Estate of Flory Van Beek z”l, USA Alberto & Raquel Cohen, Mexico Sima & Nathan z”l Katz, Rita & David Levy, USA Zagdanski, Canada Debora Silin & Samuel-Heinrich z”l Winograd, Jacobo Cojab y Familia, México Esther (Dita) Kohn de Cohen y Salomón Cohen Stella & Sam Skura z”l , USA Israel Marina & Alexander Dobrovinsky, Russia z”l- Venezuela Howard Sokolowski & Senator Linda Frum and the Latner Rose & Charles Zarucki z”l and Family, USA Igor Kolomoisky, Ukraine Family, Canada The Estate of Rafael Feferman z”l, USA The Estate of Felicia & Meir Zipperstein z”l, Israel The Estate of Haim Koren z”l, Israel Egon & Miriam Sonnenschein and Family, Australia Jonathan Gora Friedman and Sam Friedman, USA Celina & Marvin Zborowski, USA Harry, Rachel, Sarah, Sophie and Leah Krakowski, Ed & Fran Sonshine, Canada Joseph & Helen z”l Frohlich-West and Family, Australia USA Edita & Abraham Spiegel z”l and Family, USA Jean Frydman, France Seryl & Charles Kushner, USA Steven Spielberg, USA The Estate of Clara Gero z”l, Israel ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Jane & Isaac Ladelsky, Mexico Daniella & Daniel Steinmetz, Israel The Estate of Hellena & Azriel Geyer, France Henry & Rose Landschaft z”l, Germany Dr. Laszlo N. Tauber z”l, USA Jean & Eugen Gluck z”l, USA The Lowy Family, Australia Sara y Rolando Uziel y Familia, México The Estate of Joseph Goldberg z”l, USA Phyllis & William Mack and Family, USA Marty & Debbie Vine, Shelly Tenenbaum, Israel-USA The Estate of Shmuel Goldstein z”l, Israel Salomon & Ruth Marcuschamer, Mexico Volkswagen AG, Germany The Estate of Salomea Gruener z”l, Australia Max z”l & Atara Mazin, Spain The Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Foundation, USA Abbi & Jeremy Halpern, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Nira y Jaime Meir z”l, Venezuela Martin & Bracha Werber, David & Ellie Werber, USA International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, Norway 96 97 Comité Français pour Yad Vashem, France Zofia & Bolek Isralewicz, Germany Josef & Shelley Paradis, USA GUARDIANS Jaime & Joan Constantiner z”l, Mexico-USA Brian & Lee Joffe and Family, South Africa Elisa & Alan Pines and Family, USA Fruma Curtis z”l & Bernard Brooks z”l, USA Buschie Kamin z”l, Canada J.B. and M.K. Pritzker Family Foundation, USA Anonymous, USA EGL Charitable Foundation, USA Dora & Harry Kichler, Canada Ingeborg & Ira Rennert, USA Anonymous, France Haleh & Kambiz Damaghi, USA The Kirsh Foundation, UK Renova Charitable Foundation, Russia Anonymous, Spain The David Geffen Foundation, USA The Estate of Eva Rifka Knox, Australia Leonid Roizengourt, Russia The Estate of Victor Aitay z”l, USA Ivonne & Samuel Geller z”l, Mexico Barbara Kort z”l, USA Jacqueline z”l & Sigmund A. Rolat, USA Barbara z”l & Harvey Arfa, Caroline & Morris Hon. Ronald Lauder, USA Abe Rosenthal, Canada Massel, USA Lauren Schor Geller & Martin Geller, USA The Kennedy Leigh Charitable Trust, UK John Roth & Jillian Segal and Stanley & Charmaine Sonia Badler, Venezuela The Gewolb Family, USA Estate of Ruth Morrison Leland z”l, USA Roth, Australia Etta & Ulo Barad z”l, USA Kermit Gitenstein Foundation, USA Sally & Isak Levenstein z”l & the Feldman Family, USA Nicolas Roth, France Diane & Arthur z”l Belfer, USA Anna & David, Jane & Ishaia Gol, USA Estate of Shirley Liebowitz z”l, USA Steve Russo and Family, USA Elinor & Norman z”l Belfer, USA Aurelia & David Gold z”l and the Gold-Gillad Families, Canada-Israel The Estate of Charlotte Loeb z”l, USA Siza Schwartz z”l, Panamá Berg Foundation, USA Moises y Anneliese Grajew z”l, Spain Paula & Henry Major z”l, USA Ruth & Morris Shell z”l, Australia The Estate of Eda Berger z”l, Italy Jacques Graubart, Belgium The Malkin Family, USA Barbara & Lewis F. Shrensky, USA Mikhail Bezeliansky, Russia The Estate of Lea Grossman z”l, Israel Maltz Family Foundation, USA Alan Smoskowitz, Canada Lucie Bialer z”l, France Rudy Grunfeld z”l, USA Paula & William Mandell z”l, USA David z”l & Luba Smuschkowitz, Canada Jacob and Hilda Blaustein Foundation, USA The Joseph Guttman Living Trust, USA Grupo Marcha de la Vida, Panamá Howard Smuschkowitz, Canada The Blavatnik Family Foundation, USA Cheryl & Fred Halpern, USA Marcos & Vivian Metta and Children, Mexico Lillian & Milton Steinberg, USA Arthur Bock z”l and Marta Cornell z”l, USA MorAnn & Jack Halpern, USA Anton Mikhalenko, Ukraine Mona Gora Sterling & David Sterling, USA Gennadiy Bogolyubov, Ukraine Batsheva & Murray Halpern, USA Willie z”l & Rachel Moll and Family, Canada Stichting Vrienden Von Yad Vashem, the Miriam Braun z”l, USA Netherlands Estate of Harold Hamer z”l, USA Estate of Ruth Moss z”l, USA Al & Joseph J. Bukiet z”l, The Bukiet Brothers

Leslie M. & Peter D. Strong, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Foundation USA Barbara & George Hanus and Family, USA Museum of the Bible, USA The Sultan Abadi Family, Venezuela Adina & Lawrence Burian, USA Avraham Harshalom-Fridberg and Family, Israel The Nadav Foundation, Israel Leon z”l & Maria Taubenblatt, Samy Taubenblatt, William & Linda Hechter, Canada Lilly Zborowski Naveh & Avner Naveh, Israel Rhoda & David z”l Chase, USA Germany Zoli z”l & Erika Herskovits, Germany Hanna Nyman on behalf of Jochi Nyman z”l, UK Dr. Rochelle & Dr. Robert Cherry and Family, USA Maria Taubenfeld, Poland Dora Hirschler z”l, Germany One8 Foundation, USA International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, Lola & Henry Tenenbaum z”l, USA Germany Deedee & Mark Honigsfeld, USA Myrna z”l & Mark Palmer, USA Edith z”l & Rudolph Tessler, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Martin Cohen z”l, Canada Hudson Bay Capital Management, USA Louise & Murray z”l Pantirer and Family, USA The Estate of Halina Timor-Kazevman z”l, Israel 98 99 Marcia & Yaakov Toledano, USA The Artzi Family, Israel Bernice & James Bookhamer, USA Moric z”l & Rosa z”l Dum, Venezuela Miklos Vasarhelyi z”l, Monaco Ruth & Shimon Asch z”l, Alexander z”l & Aliza Mundlak, Artur Brauner Foundation, Germany Vera & Joseph z”l Eden, USA Fred & Linda Waks, Canada USA Jaime, Ilana y Samuel Braverman, México Estate of Edward Eiland z"l, USA Jay & Debbie Waks, Canada David & Miriam Attias and Family, Monterrey Mexico The Breslauer-Soref Foundation, USA Michel & Estrella Eljarrat, Spain Martín z”l & Esther Wengrowsky, Mexico Mijael & Leslie Attias and Family, Monterrey Mexico Peggy & Paul Brett, UK Trudy & Sol Englander z"l and Family, USA Selik & Susy z”l Wengrowsky, Israel Zury, Vicky, Mario, Gabriel y Daniel Attie Moscona, México Rosine Bron via la fondation du Judaïsme Français, France Erste Group Bank AG Vienna, Austria En Memoria de Julio Werthein, Argentina Australia Israel Cultural Exchange, Australia The Samuel Bronfman Foundation, USA The Escoll & Lubeck Families, Pamela & Joseph Estate of Erna Wollenberger z”l, USA Cindy Barad & Gerald Barad, USA Anat y Michell Brown, USA Lubeck, USA The Estate of Halina Wolf z”l, USA Elaine & Robert Baum, USA Morley Brown and Nathan & Glennie Lindenberg, Canada Estate of Marcel Farago z”l, USA Murry Zborowski and Family, USA Graham and Rhona Beck Foundation, Israel Lily Cantor, UK Stephanie & Marcos Fastlicht, Mexico Lori & Alan Zekelman, USA Arie Becker and Family, Mexico Cellcom, Israel Helen Feiner, in Memory of Alec & Leon Feiner z”l, USA Millie & Abraham z”l Zuckerman and Family, USA Vivian & Moises Becker, Mexico Susan & Stanley Chesley, USA Israel y Rosa Feldman, Hijos, nueras y nietos, Renee & Robert Belfer, USA Amram Cohen z”l & Paulina Gamus de Cohen, Venezuela México Coty & Isaac Belilty, Spain Fanny Cohen-Kohn, Children and Grandchildren, BUILDERS In Memory of Simón & Janna Feldman z”l, Mexico Begoña & León Benacerraf, Spain Venezuela Sidney Ferenc, USA José y Helen Benasayag, Raquel, Jacobo y Adina, Venezuela Masha y Victor Cohen, México Anonymous, Belgium Jonathan Ferster, UK Aaron Benoliel and Family, Spain The Estate of Isaac Jacques Cohen z”l, France Anonymous, Canada (2) In Honor of Martin & Haviva Fisher, Israel Roland Benveniste y Familia, México Conseil Régional Ile de France, France Anonymous, Israel Fogel Family, Venezuela Anonymous, Mexico (2) Lilian, Mario, Mary, Lea, Jonatan Berkowitz, Miami- Michaela & Leon Constantiner, USA Venezuela The Estate of Toni Fox z”l, USA Anonymous, USA Ysaac Coronado, USA Tama Berman & Ruth Berman, Canada Estate of Frances Franck z”l, USA 1000 Club, UK Frida & Ernest Cornell z”l, USA Ron Bernbaum & Renee Bleeman, Canada Gerda Frieberg, Canada 45 Aid Society, UK Jane & Alan Cornell, USA The Russell Berrie Foundation, USA Sheila & Bob Friedland, USA Familia Aizenman Pinchanski, Costa Rica Genia & Robert Croitorescu, Venezuela Irving and Helen Betz Foundation, USA Fundación Universitaria San Antonio-Murcia, Silvia y Samuel Aizenman e hijos, Costa Rica Edward and Elissa Czuker, USA

Spain ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Isaac y Sara Bissu y sus Hijos Jessy y Elías, México Kurt z”l & Marie Danzig, UK Eli & Kim Alster, Australia Michelle y Simón Galante, México Halina & Samson Bitensky z”l, USA Nathan Darty, France The Annenberg Foundation, USA Alberto Galsky, Venezuela Stanley Black, USA David Davidovich, Russia Andrés Apeloig z”l, Musha H. Apeloig and Family, Isaac z”l & Bela Galsky, Perú Cesia & Frank Blaichman z”l, USA Estate of Esther & Chaim Diamond z”l, USA Venezuela Lissi & Salomón Galsky, Venezuela Lucie Blau Revocable Trust, USA The Diamond Foundation, Canada Apotex Foundation – Honey & Barry Sherman z”l, Jacobo Gelman and Family, Venezuela Canada Jayme & Stela Blay, Brazil David & Liz Dichi, Mexico

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Miriam Gertler z”l, Germany Cynthia y Moisés Araf, Aaron, Teresa y David Araf Nelco Foundation funded by Barbara & David Blumenthal Estate of Isaac Dickmann z”l, USA Serur and Family, USA Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Foundation, USA 100 Toby & Charles Drukier z”l, USA 101 Estate of Margaret Goetz z”l, USA Dr. Tzipora H. Jochsberger, Israel Rebeca & Nathan Lustgarten, Venezuela Klara & Hilo z”l Ostfeld, Venezuela Sara Goldman, México Judy & Rubin z”l Josephs and Family Foundation, USA Mark and Anne Mandell, Canada Estate of Paula Pakswer z”l, USA Rachel Landau Gottstein & Bernard J. Gottstein David Joukov, Russia Martin Major, USA Lewis C. Pell and Family, USA z”l, USA The Morris Justein Family Charitable Foundation, Canada Rivky & Moshe Majeski, USA Jacobo & Vicky Penhos, Rebeca, Isaac, Rafael, Doree & Charles Greenberg z”l, USA Sophie Kalina z”l, USA Alexey Martynov, Ukraine Daniel, Mexico Felix Grossman z”l, USA Danielle & Harry Karten, USA Jack & Fereshteh Mahfar, Switzerland Harold and Robin Perry, Canada Jan & Andrew J. Groveman, USA Debra Kasirer, USA Iris & Shalom Maidenbaum, USA The Estate of Miriam Perry z”l, USA Thalma y Milton Gruszka e Hijos, Venezuela Shelly & Michael Kassen, USA Alice & Elías Massri, Mexico The Phoenix Holdings Ltd., Israel Niza & Ernst Hacker, USA Marilyn & Jeffrey Katzenberg, USA Sylvia Mauler z”l, USA Victor Pinchuk, Ukraine John Hagee Ministries, USA Josef-Chaim & Renée Kaufman, Belgium En Memoria de Abraham Medrez de Nina e Hijos, México Ariel y Cinthia Pinto e Hijos, Argentina Eugenia Halbreich z”l, Brazil Isaac & Myrna Kaye and Family, UK Fanny Melnitzer, Canada In Memoriam Jacobo Plitman & Rivca Zuckerman Plitman, Venezuela Daniel Hamburger z”l, USA David & Laverne Kitsis Trust, USA Cecilia Caria Mendes z”l, Portugal Miguel & Alelie Plitman, Jacobo, Salomon, Romina, Raquel e Imanuel Hazan e hijos, Venezuela-Miami The Estate of Ella Klein z”l, USA Cessy y Alex Metta y Familia, México Venezuela Riva & Thomas O. Hecht, Canada Rifka (Klein) Zevi & Tuviya Klein z”l and Families, Israel Vicky y Abraham Metta e hijos, México David & Felicia Posluns, Barry & Nelly Zagdanski, Paul & Edwina Heller z”l, Canada Robert L. Koenig, USA Teresa & Carlos z”l Metta, México Ian & Sara Zagdanski, Canada Help the Jews Home, Norway Doris & Simon z”l Konover Family, USA Middlegate Companies, Sutton, Verdiger, Mizrahi Families, Dr. Richard Prasquier, France Bernard Herbert, Australia USA The Estate of the Koron Family z”l, USA Sheryl & Kenneth Pressberg, USA JNF UK and the Leeds Jewish Community in the Milken Family Foundation, USA The Israel Koschitzky Family Charitable Foundation, Irene & Freddy Pressner, Venezuela name of Arek Hersh (Herszlikowic), UK Canada Eve & Stephen Milstein, USA Lidia & Jimmy Resnick and Family, USA Maria & William z”l Herskovic, USA Ellis & Israel Krakowski z”l, USA Gila & Adam Milstein, USA Dr. Sally Rogow z”l, Canada David e Inés Beja e Hijos, México Debra & Jerry Kramer and Family, USA Jacobo, Rebeca, Moisés, Vanessa y Daniela Mischne, Guillermo y Ester Roizental y Familia, Venezuela The Hiller Family Foundation, USA Wanda Kremski, USA México The Estate of Ruth & Werner Roman z”l, USA Harry & Sylvia Hoffman, Australia Krammer and Romano Families, France Ricardo, Karla, Joseph y Batya y David Mischne, México The Estate of Yetti Rosenzweig, France The Estate of Michel Hubert z”l, France Cecile & Roman z”l Kriegstein, USA Janet Mohr z”l Trust, USA

Lottie Lise Rothschild Trust, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Felicia Berland Hyatt z”l, USA Connie & Harvey Krueger z”l and Family, USA Angel Dilla Moliné, Spain Eliezer & Ena Rotkopf, Venezuela International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, Carol & Michael Laub and Family, USA Lucy & Phillip Morelle, UK Finland Zygmunt z”l & Annie Rotter, Venezuela Linda & Murray Laulicht, USA Steven Morelle z”l, UK International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, USA The Estate of Marion & Samuel Rousso z”l, USA The Estate of Joan U. Leibson z”l, USA Elizabeth Z. Mundlak, USA Gladys y José Ison y Familia, México Julia Rowan & Sheldon Rowan, Canada Susan & Jack Levkovitz, USA Ben Abraham z”l & Myriam Nekricz z”l, Brazil Israel Discount Bank, USA Jeff & Honey Rubenstein and Family, Canada Eva & Bernardo Lijtszain, Mexico The Estate of Ernest Oppenheimer z”l, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Patricia & Michael Jacobs Family, USA Dola & Moshe Rubin z”l, USA Boris Lozhkin, Ukraine The Orion Foundation, Australia 102 103 Hanna & Bernie Rubinstein, USA Sigmund Strochlitz z”l, USA David z”l & Dora Yisrael, Venezuela José Bentata, Venezuela The Sacks Family, USA Joyce & Jeffrey Sudikoff, USA Rafael, Vivian, Pola, Mayer & Tania Zaga, Mexico The Beracha Foundation, Israel Estate of Jerry Sall z”l, USA Raquel & Jacobo Szkolnik, Venezuela Rosita Beracha Zaidman, Hijos y Nietos, Venezuela Familia Berkman-Sefchovich, México-Miami Danny z”l & Vivienne Saltzman, Canada Gabriel Tamman Foundation, Switzerland Zantker Foundation, USA William & Lori Bialick z¨l, Venezuela Leon & Freda Schaller z”l, UK The Howard and Carole Tanenbaum Family Foundation, Vladimir Zemtsov, Russia Jennifer & Matt Birnbaum, USA León z”l & Lily z”l Schidlow and Family, Mexico Canada Abraham & Lucy Zetune, Mexico The Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation Jeanie & Jay Schottenstein, USA Paula & Dr. Charles Tannen z”l, USA Marjorie z"l & Aaron Ziegelman, USA The Estate of Zipora Blasenberg z”l, Israel Jean & Ben Schreibman z"l, USA The Marion and Norman Tanzman Charitable Foundation, The Estate of Nachman Zonabend, Sweden The Estate of Leah Dryter, Belgium USA Donna & Marvin Schwartz, USA Isaac, Miriam y Elías Zonana, México The Bloomfield & Schachter Families and The Isaac & Judy Thau, Canada Miguel & Betty Schwarz, Mexico The Estate of Felicia Zytnicky z”l, France Eldee Foundation, Canada Simón & Linda, Moises & Cleret Tussie & Hijos, México Alexander Semberg, Russia Charles Borrok, USA L&R Uechtritz Foundation, Australia Boris Semberg, Russia Felipe Braverman e Hijos Jaime, Félix y Susana, Philip y Vivian Unger, Costa Rica SPONSORS México David y Jennie Serur y Familia, México The Vidor Family, Australia Chaim & Malca Brown z”l, Australia Nancy & Sam Shamie and Family, USA Anonymous, Canada Denis Volchek, Russia Dr. Mark Bryce & Family, Australia Mickey Shapiro, USA Anonymous, USA (2) Dina y Salomón Waisburd, México Ernestine Burstyn z”l, USA Rabbi Morris Shapiro Revocable Trust, USA Jane & Leonard Abess, USA Naomi Warren z”l, Joy & Benjamin Warren, USA Marge & Severin z”l Caitung, USA The Estate of Lazer Shishetzky z”l, Israel Brian Anderson, UK Andrea, Sarah y Simón Waxman, México-Miami Perla Levy Calo, Italy Gabriela & Jack Shnay, USA P&S Bassat Family Charitable Foundation, Australia Jacov and Rita Weinberg, Australia Yvonne & Dan Celia, USA Nathan y Susie Shteremberg, México Alan Becker, USA Regina & David Weinberg, USA Roberta & Irwin Chafetz, USA Jacqueline & David Simon Family, USA Orly Beigel, México The Estate of Alice Weiss z”l, USA Murray & Frances Chernick, USA In Memory of Edward J. Sitt z¨l, Mexico Frances & Benjamin Benenson Foundation, USA David Wiener and Family, USA Samuel Chernin, USA Sharon y David Sitt e Hijos, México The Estate of Sandra Brand Weintraub z”l, USA The Philip Chosky Charitable & Educational The Snider Foundation, USA Samuel Wennek, Switzerland Foundation, USA The Socolsky Family, USA Millie & Jack Werber z”l and Family, USA Circle of Service Foundation, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Sam Spiegel Foundation, USA The Estate of Leontina Winter z”l, Israel The Estate of Beatrice Cohen z”l, USA Edith Goldner Steinlauf & William Steinlauf, USA Joseph, Ivette, Mauricio, Basi y Sara Woldenberg, México Samuel & Edward Cohen Revocable Trust, USA The Estate of Friedel Stern z”l, Israel Idel, Ivette, Abraham, Shelly y Dina Woldenberg, México- Avraham A. Covo, USA Samuel Stern, USA Panama-USA Joan & Theodore Cutler z”l, USA The Robert M. and Marilyn Sternberg Family Roberto y Beatriz Wolff, Hijas y Nietos, Argentina The Estate of Marcelle De Motte, USA Charitable Foundation, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 David Wollach, Switzerland Joel & Judy Dimitry, Canada Friede Springer Stiftung, Germany 104 Helen Stollar, Canada 105 Joseph Distenfeld z”l, USA Pattikay & Meyer Gottlieb, USA Miriam & Marvin Katz, USA The Estate of Georgine Mayer z”l, Israel Jennifer Drukier, USA Linda & Hal Gottschall, USA Shari & Alon Kaufman, USA Abraham Merczynski, USA Estate of Zofia Dymant z”l, USA Louis & Shirley Greenbaum, Canada Harris L. ‘Shrub’ Kempner, Jr., USA Estate of Marcia Z. Mehr z”l, USA Florence & Michael Edelstein, USA The Estate of Erika Grief z”l, Israel Gertrude & Louis Kestenbaum, USA Izzy Merin, USA Mitzi & Warren Eisenberg, USA Walter Griessman z”l, UK Eva Friedman, Miriam Kibilsky y Josi Kibilsky, Venezuela- Dr. Sol Messinger, USA The Eva & Les Erdi Humanitarian Charitable Doris & Solomon z”l Gross, USA Miami Lyn & Henry Meyers, USA Foundation, Australia Sheba & Jack z"l Gruber, USA Kirsh family, Canada Lusia & Bernard z”l Milch, USA Anna Erlich, USA Salo Guttfreund z”l, USA Alexander Kirzhnev, Russia Vivian and Seymour Milstein Family Foundation, Tina & Enrique z”l Farbiarz, Argentina Elvira y León Harari e hijos, México Halina & Leon Kleiner, USA USA John & Jenny Fast, Australia Bank Hapoalim, USA The William & Anna Koenig Irrevocable Trust, USA The Estate of Azriel Mizrahi z”l, Israel Paul & Lorraine Fecher, UK Ronnie & Martin Heinfling, USA Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, Germany David and Jenni Mond, Australia Amy & Simon Feiglin, Australia William Hernstadt and Family, Singapore Judy Koslov, USA Gitta & Jack z”l Nagel, USA Saul & Toby Feldberg and Family, Canada Rochelle & David Hirsch, USA The Harry Kramer Memorial Fund, USA Naphtali Family Foundation, Australia Dr. Isaac & Judi Feldman, Australia The Estate of Leoni & David Horowitz z”l, Israel The Jan M. & Eugenia Krol Charitable Foundation, USA Naumburger Family, Australia David Field, USA ImDialog. Ev. Arbeitskreis für das christlich-jüdische Lee & Murray Kushner, USA Estate of Elias Newman z”l, USA The Finkelman Family in memory of Wolf Gespräch in Hessen und Nassau, Germany The Lauffer Family Charitable Trust, UK The Nimrodi Family, Israel Finkelman z”l, USA Mira & Alex Indich, USA Regina Altaras & Ruben Lerner, USA Hedy Orden, USA Mike Flax, South Africa International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, Canada Barry L. Levine, USA Ann Oster, USA Lynn & Erwin Fisch, USA International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, Denmark The Estate of Miriam Mary Levinowitz z”l, Israel Miriam Oster z”l, USA Estate of Sylvia Frieder z”l, USA Jason Itkin & Family, USA Eleanor Lewart, USA Jaclyn & Gonen Paradis, USA Claire Friedlander Foundation, USA Peter Ivany & Paul Ivany and Families, Australia The Estate of Borbala Lindelfeld z”l, Israel David & Barbara Peltz, Canada Jeannette y Rafael Gelman, Venezuela Henriette & Gustave Jacobs z”l, USA Paul Lipschutz z”l, Sweden Andrew Peterfreund & Susan Moss, Australia Estate of Martin Gerotwol z”l, USA Zev Jalon (Jablonka) z”l, Israel Jonathan Lourie, UK L.E. Phillips Family Foundation, USA Newton Glassman Charitable Foundation, Canada The Estate of Seymour J. Kahn z”l, Israel Estate of Jack Luchs z”l, USA The Pratt Foundation, Australia ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Diane and Guilford Glazer Advised Fund, USA The Herman Kaiser Foundation, USA Millie & Larry Magid, USA PROSE Holdings Inc., Canada Michael Goldman, USA Joelle & León Kanner, Spain The Estate of Tusia Makori z”l, Israel Audrey & Albert Ratner, USA Suzanne & Lenny Goldschein, USA Estate of Dorothy Karp z”l, USA Cela & Aba Yakob Manielewicz z”l, Israel The Erwin Rautenberg Foundation, USA Estate of Dorothy Goldstein z”l, USA Avi Katz, USA Pia Mann z”l, Italy Lundy & Fredric Reynolds, USA Estate of Harold Goldstein z”l, USA Eleanor Katz, USA The Marcus Foundation, USA Sara & Israel Roizman, USA Estate of William Golz z”l, USA Tali & Ezra Katz, USA Estate of Eta Marsh z”l, USA Hank z”l & Helen Rosenbaum, Canada ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Bernard Gotfryd z”l, USA Herbert Katz z”l, USA Erika Mogyoros Marcushamer, Hijos y Nietos, México Elizabeth & Jack Rosenthal, USA 106 107 Greg Rosshandler and Family, Australia The Lawrence and Judith Tanenbaum Family Charitable Shirley & Stuart Podolsky, USA Mauno & Raija Rostamo, Finland Foundation, Canada ASSOCIATES & Lee & Stuart Posnock, USA The Estate of Jacques Royer z”l, France The Tauben Family Foundation, Canada SUPPORTERS 2019 Estate of Frida Riederman, USA Estate of Ida Rosenman Sands z”l, USA Joseph & Gena Tenenbaum, Canada Maurice & Lena Russo Family Foundation, USA Dinah Sauermann, Switzerland Jack & Denise Terpins, Brazil Sterling Risk, USA Benguigui Rosalyn & Aryé, Monaco The Jewish Community of Thessaloniki, Greece Karen & Nathan Sandler, USA Julian Savage z”l, USA Kathleen & Michael Azeez, USA Alice M. and Thomas J. Tisch Fund, USA Elizabeth and Marvin Schmelzer, USA Hélène Schainer, France David Barish, USA Daniel Toledano, USA Jesse Sharf, USA Leo Schenker, USA Beatrice y Samuel Bengio, Spain UBS, Israel Juliet Shavit, USA Estate of David Schneider z”l, USA Ariel Bentata, USA Lucy Shostak, USA Lillian Schneider, USA Clarence Van Den Berg, the Netherlands Eva & Adam Bieber, USA Steinberg Family Charitable Trust, UK Dr. Scholl Foundation, USA Olga & Herman Wachtenheim, USA Laura Jacobs and Lloyd Blankfein, USA Ada Todd, Russia The Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Estate of Stella Wand z”l, USA Blinbaum and Marcovici Families, USA Barbara & Alan Weichselbaum, USA Foundation, USA Lynne Waxman Foundation, USA Victor Constantiner, USA Sterling Risk, USA Frida Seinfeld de Kornbluth, Venezuela Norman Weisman, USA Familia Calderon Minkin, México Rodney Weinstein, Israel The Estate of Zophia Shulman, USA Judy & Morry Weiss, USA Datnow, Chasen & Levy Families, Israel-South Africa The Estate of Naomi Weisstuch, USA Daniel, Roberto y Shirley Slimak, Venezuela Orit Freedman Weissman, USA Helene & Ziel Feldman, USA Halle Wilf, USA Roger Sofer, USA Harry Wittlin, USA Melissa y Stuart Fishman y familia, Perú- Miami Barbara & Bruce Solomon, Australia Michael Wojdyslawski, USA Harel Insurance & Finance Group, Israel Marilyn & Thomas Spiegel, Spiegel Family Sara & Leo Wolf, USA Robert & Mary Gluck, Australia Philanthropic Fund, USA Dr. Abe & Marlene Zelwer, Australia Eva and Jeffrey Gossman, USA Estate of Paul Spitz z”l, USA The Estate of Gilles Zemmour z”l, France Golden Lioness Corp., USA Phillip & Vivien Green, Australia Sander Srulowitz, USA Estate of Frances Ziegler z”l, USA Jason Grosfeld, USA The Board of Trustees of St. Petersburg Jewish Matityahu & Nehama Zuckerman z”l, Israel Community, Russia Michael Herzberg, UK

Mary Starr z”l, Australia Allison & Shawn Horwitz, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Lili Stawski, USA Amy & Mark Kestenbaum, USA Juliana Stechenberg z”l, Israel Allen & Lillian Meyer z”l Trust, USA Sylvia & David Steiner, USA Lauren, Jennifer, and Daniel Novick Philanthopic Fund, USA Estate of Rose C. Stern z”l, USA Mary & Jonathan Peldman, USA Ernesto Stern e hijas Susana Stern de Eichner e The Estate of Gerald Phillips, USA Samantha & Lee Podolsky, USA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Ivonne Stern de Landsmanas, México H & R Strygler, USA 108 109 Republic of Germany Public Institutions The Government of the Italian Republic The Government of the Netherlands Yad Vashem would like to express deep appreciation for the enduring partnership of the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture, USA following: Fund for Support of Jewish Institutions or Projects The Government of Israel: the Ministry of Outside Norway, Norway Tourism; the Ministry of Finance; the Ministry The Remembrance, Responsibility & Future for Social Equality; the Ministry of Education; the Foundation, Germany Ministry of Diaspora Affairs Stichting Collectieve Marorgelden, Israel Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against The World Holocaust Forum Foundation Germany, USA The Centre of Organizations of Holocaust Survivors in Israel (COHSI) The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany The Government of Belgium The Government of the Republic of Austria The National Fund of the Republic of Austria for Victims of National Socialism, Austria The Dutch Humanitarian Jewish Fund, the Netherlands The European Commission The European Holocaust Research Infrastructure (EHRI) The Government of France The Future Fund of the Republic of Austria ANNUAL REPORT 2019 The Hungarian Gold Train Committee, USA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) The Government of the State of North Rhine- Westphalia, Federal Republic of Germany The Government of the State of Saxony, Federal ANNUAL REPORT 2019

110 111 Remembering the Past, Shaping the Future

Yad Vashem Annual Report 2019

Editor-in-Chief | Iris Rosenberg

Editor | Susan Weisberg

Managing Editor | Deborah Berman

Language Editor | Leah Goldstein

Design and Production | Einat Berlin, Limor Davidovich, Ossi Kupfer

Photography | Yossi Ben-David, Noam Chen, Isaac Harari, Karina Pasternak, Ori Barokas, Sharon Tzarfati