Yad VaJerusalemhem QUARTERLY MAGAZINE, VOL. 61, APRIL 2011 Fragments of Memory The Faces Behind the Documents, Artifacts and Photographs The Central Theme for Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Day 2011 (pp. 2-3) Yad VaJerusalemhem QUARTERLY MAGAZINE, VOL. 61, Nisan 5771, April 2011 The Central Theme Published by: for Holocaust Martyrs’ and Yad Vashem Heroes’ Remembrance Day The Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ 2011 Remembrance Authority Contents ■ Chairman of the Council: Rabbi Israel Meir Lau Fragments of Memory ■ 2-3 Vice Chairmen of the Council: The Faces Behind the Documents, Artifacts Dr. Yitzhak Arad and Photographs Dr. Moshe Kantor Dr. Israel Singer The Central Theme for Holocaust Martyrs’ Professor Elie Wiesel and Heroes’ Remembrance Day 2011 Chairman of the Directorate: Avner Shalev Torchlighters 2011 ■ 4-6 Director General: Nathan Eitan Gathering the Fragments ■ 7 Chief Historian: Professor Dan Michman National Campaign to Rescue Academic Advisors: Professor Yehuda Bauer Personal Items from the Holocaust Era Professor Israel Gutman Links to Remembrance ■ 8-9 Members of the Yad Vashem Directorate: Yad Vashem and Google Partner Edna Ben-Horin, Chaim Chesler, Matityahu Drobles, Abraham Duvdevani, in Holocaust Commemoration Noach Flug, Prof. Boleslaw (Bolek) Goldman, “With Me Here Are Six Million Moshe Ha-Elion, Yehiel Leket, Adv. Shelly (Shlomo) Malka, Linda Olmert, Accusers” ■ 10-11 Effi Shtensler, Dr. Shimshon Shoshani, Fifty Years Since the Eichmann Trial Baruch Shub, Amira Stern, Dr. Zehava Tanne, Adv. Shoshana Weinshall, Eli Zborowski, Memories of the Eichmann Trial ■ 12 Dudi Zilbershlag Restoration of a 1979 Film by David Perlov THE MAGAZINE Education ■ 13-15 Editor-in-Chief: Iris Rosenberg Creative Endeavors ■ 13 Managing Editor: Leah Goldstein National Holocaust Remembrance Day Editorial Board: Poster Competition Yifat Bachrach-Ron New in the Virtual School ■ 13 Deborah Berman Susan Weisberg Graduate Spotlight: Cynthia Wroclawski Sandra Costa, Portugal ■ 14 Estee Yaari Editorial Coordinator: Lilach Tamir-Itach Echoes and Reflections Seminars for Language Editor: Leah Goldstein US Professors, Canadian Educators ■ 14 Proofreader: Ezra Olman Sixth ICHEIC Forum ■ 15 Translated by: Hever Translators’ Pool (Intl) Israeli ITF Chairmanship Draws to a Close ■ 15 Assisted by: Talia Alon, Alexander Avraham, Rachel Barkai, “Journey of Understanding”: Shaya Ben Yehuda, Annie Eisen, Limor Karo, Gandel Seminar for Australian Educators ■ 15 Ayala Peretz, Dana Porath, Amanda Smulowitz ■ “I bought this prayer book in Auschwitz Photography: Yossi Ben-David, Israel Hadari, 27 January ■ 16 for a portion of my daily bread ration. It Isaac Harari International Holocaust Remembrance Day accompanied me through the entire torturous Production: Keter Press Events journey in the death and concentration camps Design: Stephanie & Ruti Design News ■ 17-20 in Germany. I donate this prayer book today This magazine was published with the to Yad Vashem – as a reminder to future assistance of The Azrieli Group. Friends Worldwide ■ 21-23 generations.” Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Holocaust survivor Zvi Kopolovich Remembrance Day 2011 ■ 24 During the Shoah, an entire world was ISSN 0793-7199 Program of Events at Yad Vashem shattered and dispersed in myriad directions. The ©Articles appearing in this issue may be reprinted remaining scattered fragments vary infinitely with proper acknowledgement. in size, shape and texture – from documents to Yad Vashem’s activities are supported by diaries, testimonies to artifacts, photographs to the Ministry of Education ■ On the cover: The works of art. Despite their wide dispersion, they winning entry in the can still be found in many places – government and the Claims Conference national competition and private archives, libraries, and even in the to design the official homes of people who went through the vortex poster for Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' of the Shoah, as well as members of their Remembrance Day families left behind. 5771/2011 (see p. 13) 2 www.yadvashem.org for photos and videos from the events and ceremonies taking place at Yad Vashem throughout Holocaust Remembrance Day Fragments of Memory The Faces Behind the Documents, Artifacts and Photographs Dr. Robert Rozett ■ Personal photographs, artifacts and documents donated to Yad Vashem, whose stories are featured in the online exhibition, “Bearing Witness" Jewish world as possible, the events that led cooperation – offer much hope that we will enrich As the generation of to its destruction, and the lives that continued and expand our portrait of events. survivors dwindles, it is to be lived while the devastation unfolded. It Seventy years after the advent of the is our fundamental mission to gather together systematic mass murder of the Jews and the of paramount importance as many of the pieces as we can. coalescence of the Final Solution, it is vital that that we dedicate Since its inception, Yad Vashem has striven the enriched tapestry – and the insights we draw to collect every relevant source of information, from it – remain in constant view. Through ourselves to continuing each of which enlightens us in its own unique its physical and virtual exhibits, publications, the process of gathering way about the six million Jews murdered and educational programs and research efforts, Yad the millions more persecuted and victimized Vashem continues to do its utmost to inform the fragments during the Holocaust. Yet some shards remain the world about the Shoah, its antecedents concealed, locked in the memories of those who and repercussions, and teach about its urgent Each fragment tells its own tale and, like were there, still waiting to be expressed in word or relevance to all mankind. The more we further a thread, has a beginning and an end. These art. Especially now, as the generation of survivors our knowledge of the Holocaust and keep it in threads of information, intersecting and dwindles, it is of paramount importance that we our consciousness, the better chance we have combining, are then woven together into a broad dedicate ourselves to continuing the process of of molding a world free from prejudice, hatred and deep tapestry that depicts a multifaceted gathering the fragments and putting them into and crimes against humanity. story stretching over time and space. In this way st context. The tools of the 21 century – the Internet, The author is Director of the Yad Vashem we can reconstruct as much of the shattered social networks, digitization and international Libraries. 3 www.yadvashem.org for photos and videos from the events and ceremonies taking place at Yad Vashem throughout Holocaust Remembrance Day Torchlighters 2011 Compiled by Ehud Amir Andrei Calarasu ■ Andrei Calarasu was born in 1922 in The train arrived He directed a number of full-length features, Botosani,¸ Romania as Bernard Grupper, son in Calarasi and the winning several prizes, and later became a of Zalman and Eti. He grew up in Jassy, where survivors disembarked. lecturer on film and television. his mother passed away. Sick with pneumonia, In 1965, Andrei immigrated to Israel. He On 29 June 1941, with the German invasion Bernard was laid down began to work in the Haohel Theater and the of Russia, Bernard, his father and his brother, on the floor of the Beit Zvi School for the Performing Arts, where Paul, were taken to the local police courtyard. local synagogue, while he established the Film and Television track. At midnight, they were marched to the train Romanian soldiers He also directed skits on Israel Army Radio, station where German and Romanian soldiers continued to shoot and was a member of the founding team of pulled gold teeth from their mouths, and cut many of the Jews. Altogether, some 14,000 Israel Television. He worked at the Israel off fingers bearing gold rings. Jews from Jassy were murdered. A few months Broadcasting Authority (IBA), in television The three men were placed into a closed later, Calarasu was returned to Jassy with and in radio, for some 30 years, directing carriage with 120 others. During the eight- some of the few survivors of the massacre, and hundreds of programs. day journey, some lost their sanity and sent to hard labor. He was liberated with the Andrei served as the IBA’s representative in others their lives, including Zalman and arrival of the Red Army in the summer of 1944. Romania, and prepared documentaries on the Paul. Bernard was saved because Viorica Bernard studied at the Academy for Theater life of the Jewish community in the country, Agarici, the Red Cross representative in Arts in Jassy and in Bucharest. To maximize as well as on the visits of Jewish Romanian Romania, insisted that the carriages be opened his professional opportunities, he changed his artists in Israel that were shown in many to remove the bodies, air out the cars and name from Bernard Grupper to Andrei Calarasu. countries around the world. Andrei and his give the prisoners water. Agarici was later He directed many classical theater plays, and in wife Olga live in Tel Aviv. recognized as Righteous Among the Nations. the 1950s began to work in the film industry. Yona (Janek) Fuchs ■ Yona (Janek) Fuchs was born in Lwow In the summer of 1942, most of the ghetto Yona obtain German (today Ukraine) in 1925 to Tzila and Aharon. residents were sent to the Belzec extermination army uniforms, and He studied at the local Jewish school, and he camp. During the aktions, Yona, Aharon and with Marian expertly and his older brother Moshe (Mundek) learned Moshe (Tzila had died earlier) hid in an attic, forging the stamp, the Hebrew and received a Zionist education at but were later taken to the Lwow-Janowska two of them posed home. concentration camp. On Christmas, Yona and as German soldiers. In June 1941, the Germans entered Lwow his friend Marian Pretzel took advantage of the Narrowly escaping the and murdered thousands of Jews. In November, guard’s drunkenness, dug underneath the fence Gestapo, they arrived in the survivors were ordered into a ghetto.